We consider all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Fraser Yachts Group customer charter management cash accounts are excluded from cash and cash equivalents. These accounts belong to our customers and we provide management assistance at the request of the customer and for the benefit of the customer.

We account for consideration received from our vendors in accordance with ASU 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)”. ASC 606 requires us to classify interest assistance received from manufacturers as a reduction of inventory cost and related cost of sales as opposed to netting the assistance against our interest expense incurred with our lenders. Pursuant to ASC 606, amounts received by us under our co-op assistance programs from our manufacturers are netted against related advertising expenses. Our consideration received from our vendors contains uncertainties because the calculation requires management to make assumptions and to apply judgment regarding a number of factors, including our ability to collect amounts due from vendors and the ability to meet certain criteria stipulated by our vendors. We do not believe there is a reasonable likelihood that there will be a change in the future estimates or assumptions we use to calculate our vendor considerations which would result in a material effect on our operating results.

Inventory costs consist of the amount paid to acquire inventory, net of vendor consideration and purchase discounts, the cost of equipment added, reconditioning costs, and transportation costs relating to acquiring inventory for sale. We state new and used boat, motor, and trailer inventories at the lower of cost, determined on a specific-identification basis, or net realizable value. We state parts and accessories at the lower of cost, determined on an average cost basis, or net realizable value. We utilize our historical experience, the aging of the inventories, and our consideration of current market trends as the basis for determining lower of cost or net realizable value. We do not believe there is a reasonable likelihood that there will be a change in the future estimates or assumptions we use to calculate our valuation allowance which would result in a material effect on our operating results. As of September 30, 2019 and 2020, our valuation allowance for new and used boat, motor and trailer inventories was $2.2 million and $2.4 million, respectively. If events occur and market conditions change, causing the fair value to fall below carrying value, the valuation allowance could increase.

We record property and equipment at cost, net of accumulated depreciation, and depreciate property and equipment over their estimated useful lives using the straight-line method. We capitalize and amortize leasehold improvements over the lesser of the life of the lease or the estimated useful life of the asset. Useful lives for purposes of computing depreciation are as follows:

We remove the cost of property and equipment sold or retired and the related accumulated depreciation from the accounts at the time of disposition and include any resulting gain or loss in the consolidated statements of operations. We charge maintenance, repairs, and minor replacements to operations as incurred, and we capitalize and amortize major replacements and improvements over their useful lives.

We account for goodwill in accordance with FASB Accounting Standards Codification 350, “Intangibles — Goodwill and Other” (“ASC 350”), which requires the excess purchase price over the estimated fair value of net assets acquired in a business combination to be recorded as goodwill. In July 2020, we purchased Northrop & Johnson, a leading superyacht brokerage and services company. In March 2020, we purchased Boatyard, a digital platform with an expansive range of on-demand services to streamline the boating experience by qualified service providers from a smartphone. In July 2019, we purchased Fraser Yachts Group, a leading superyacht brokerage and largest luxury yacht services company. In April 2019, we purchased Sail & Ski Center, a privately owned boat dealer located in Texas. Goodwill and other intangible assets increased, due to acquisitions, by $37.0 million and $20.2 million, for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2019 and 2020, respectively. These acquisitions have resulted in the recording of goodwill for tax purposes of $10.5 million and $16.8 million, for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2019 and 2020, respectively. In total, current and previous acquisitions have resulted in the recording of $84.3 million in goodwill and other intangible assets as of September 30, 2020. In accordance with ASC 350, we test goodwill for impairment at least annually and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. Our annual impairment test is performed during the fourth fiscal quarter. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit’s goodwill exceeds its fair value we recognize an impairment loss in accordance with ASC 350. As of September 30, 2020, and based upon our most recent analysis, we determined through our qualitative assessment that it is not “more likely than not” that the fair values of our reporting units are less than their carrying values. As a result, we were not required to perform a quantitative goodwill impairment.

FASB Accounting Standards Codification 360-10-40, “Property, Plant, and Equipment — Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets” (“ASC 360-10-40”), requires that long-lived assets, such as property and equipment and intangible assets subject to amortization, be reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of the asset is measured by comparison of its carrying amount to undiscounted future cash flows the asset is expected to generate. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured as the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds its fair market value. Estimates of expected future cash flows represent our best estimate based on currently available information and reasonable and supportable assumptions. The analysis is performed at a regional level for indicators of permanent impairment given the geographical interdependencies among our locations. Based upon our most recent analysis, we believe no impairment of long-lived assets existed as of September 30, 2020.

We retain varying levels of risk relating to the insurance policies we maintain, most significantly, workers’ compensation insurance and employee medical benefits. We are responsible for the claims and losses incurred under these programs, limited by per occurrence deductibles and paid claims or losses up to pre-determined maximum exposure limits. Our third-party insurance carriers pay any losses above the pre-determined exposure limits. We estimate our liability for incurred but not reported losses using our historical loss experience, our judgment, and industry information.

The majority of our revenue is from contracts with customers for the sale of boats, motors, and trailers. We recognize revenue from boat, motor, and trailer sales upon transfer of control of the boat, motor, or trailer to the customer, which is generally upon acceptance or delivery to the customer. The transaction price is determined with the customer at time of sale. Customers may trade in boats to apply toward the purchase of a new or used boat. The trade-in is a type of noncash consideration measured at fair value, based on external and internal market data and applied as payment to the contract price for the purchased boat. At the time of acceptance or delivery, the customer is able to direct the use of, and obtain substantially all of the benefits of the boat, motor, or trailer at such time. We recognize commissions earned from a brokerage sale when the related brokerage transaction closes upon transfer of control of the boat, motor, or trailer to the customer, which is generally upon acceptance or delivery to the customer.

We do not directly finance our customers’ boat, motor, or trailer purchases. In many cases, we assist with third-party financing for boat, motor, and trailer sales. We recognize commissions earned by us for placing notes with financial institutions in connection with customer boat financing when we recognize the related boat sales. Pursuant to negotiated agreements with financial institutions, we are charged back for a portion of these fees should the customer terminate or default on the related finance contract before it is outstanding for a stipulated minimum period of time. We base the chargeback allowance, which was not material to the consolidated financial statements taken as a whole as of September 30, 2020, on our experience with repayments or defaults on the related finance contracts. We recognize variable consideration from commissions earned on extended warranty service contracts sold on behalf of third-party insurance companies at generally the later of customer acceptance of the service contract terms as evidenced by contract execution or recognition of the related boat sale. We also recognize variable consideration from marketing fees earned on insurance products sold by third-party insurance companies at the later of customer acceptance of the insurance product as evidenced by contract execution or when the related boat sale is recognized.

We recognize revenue from parts and service operations (boat maintenance and repairs) over time as services are performed. Each boat maintenance and repair service is a single performance obligation that includes both the parts and labor associated with the service. Payment for boat maintenance and repairs is typically due upon the completion of the service, which is generally completed within a short period of time from contract inception. We satisfy our performance obligations, transfer control, and recognize revenue over time for parts and service operations because we are creating a contract asset with no alternative use and we have an enforceable right to payment for performance completed to date. Contract assets primarily relate to our right to consideration for work in process not yet billed at the reporting date associated with maintenance and repair services. We use an input method to recognize revenue and measure progress based on labor hours expended to satisfy the performance obligation at average labor rates. We have determined labor hours expended to be the relevant measure of work performed to complete the maintenance and repair service for the customer. As a practical expedient, because repair and maintenance service contracts have an original duration of one year or less, we do not consider the time value of money, and we do not disclose estimated revenue expected to be recognized in the future for performance obligations that are unsatisfied (or partially unsatisfied) at the end of the reporting period or when we expect to recognize such revenue.

Contract liabilities primarily consist of customer deposits. We recognize contract liabilities (customer deposits) as revenue at the time of delivery or acceptance by the customers. Total contract liabilities of approximately $24.3 million recorded as of September 30, 2019 were recognized in revenue during the fiscal year ended September 30, 2020. Contract assets, recorded in prepaid expenses and other current assets, totaled approximately $2.5 million and $2.6 million as of September 30, 2019 and September 30, 2020, respectively.

We recognize deferred revenue from service operations and slip and storage services over time on a straight-line basis over the term of the contract as our performance obligations are met. We recognize income from the rentals of chartering power and sailing yachts over time on a straight-line basis over the term of the contract as our performance obligations are met.

The following table sets forth percentages on the timing of revenue recognition for the fiscal years ended September 30,

	Fiscal Year Ended			Fiscal Year Ended
	September 30,			September 30,
	2019			2020
Goods and services transferred at a point in time		90.8	%		92.7	%
Goods and services transferred over time		9.2	%		7.3	%
Total Revenue		100.0	%		100.0	%

The following table sets forth percentages of our revenue generated by certain products and services, for each of last three fiscal years.

	2018			2019			2020
New boat sales		71.2	%		70.1	%		70.2	%
Used boat sales		14.8	%		14.9	%		15.1	%
Maintenance, repair, storage, and charter services		6.2	%		6.9	%		6.4	%
Finance and insurance products		2.4	%		2.6	%		2.7	%
Parts and accessories		3.6	%		3.6	%		3.0	%
Brokerage sales		1.8	%		1.9	%		2.6	%
Total revenue		100.0	%		100.0	%		100.0	%

We account for our stock-based compensation plans following the provisions of FASB Accounting Standards Codification 718, “Compensation — Stock Compensation” (“ASC 718”). In accordance with ASC 718, we use the Black-Scholes valuation model for valuing all stock-based compensation and shares purchased under our Employee Stock Purchase Plan. We measure compensation for restricted stock awards and restricted stock units at fair value on the grant date based on the number of shares expected to vest and the quoted market price of our common stock. We recognize compensation cost for all awards in operations, net of estimated forfeitures, on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for each separately vesting portion of the award.

We lease numerous facilities relating to our operations. See Note 7 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for a discussion of our significant accounting policies related to leases.

For the Company’s foreign subsidiaries that use a currency other than the U.S. dollar as their functional currency, the assets and liabilities are translated at exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date, and revenues and expenses are translated at the weighted average exchange rate for the period. The effects of these translation adjustments are reported in accumulated other comprehensive income. Gains and losses arising from transactions denominated in a currency other than the functional currency of the entity involved are included in operating income. As of September 30, 2020, our accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax, was $0.8 million. As of September 30, 2019, our accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax, was $0.7 million. The change in accumulated other comprehensive income was the result of foreign currency translation adjustments net of taxes. No amounts were reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income in fiscal 2020.

We expense advertising and promotional costs as incurred and include them in selling, general and administrative expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. Pursuant to ASC 606, we net amounts received by us under our co-op assistance programs from our manufacturers against the related advertising expenses. Total advertising and promotional expenses approximated $16.5 million, $18.8 million and $14.0 million, net of related co-op assistance of approximately $653,000, $807,000, and $589,000, for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2018, 2019, and 2020, respectively.

We account for income taxes in accordance with FASB Accounting Standards Codification 740, “Income Taxes” (“ASC 740”). Under ASC 740, we recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities for the future tax consequences attributable to temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis. We measure deferred tax assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which we expect those temporary differences to be recovered or settled. We record valuation allowances to reduce our deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized by considering all available positive and negative evidence.

Financial instruments, which potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk, consist principally of cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable. Concentrations of credit risk with respect to our cash and cash equivalents are limited primarily to amounts held with financial institutions. Concentrations of credit risk arising from our receivables are limited primarily to amounts due from manufacturers and financial institutions.

Our financial instruments include cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, other payables and accrued expenses and debt. The carrying values of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, other payables and accrued expenses approximate their fair values due to their short-term nature. The carrying value of debt approximates its fair value due to the debt agreements bearing interest at rates that approximate current market rates for debt agreements with similar maturities and credit quality.

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Significant estimates made by us in the accompanying consolidated financial statements relate to valuation allowances, valuation of goodwill and intangible assets, valuation of long-lived assets, valuation of contingent consideration, and valuation of accruals. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

We operate as one reporting segment in accordance with the FASB Accounting Standards Codification 280, “Segment Reporting”. The metrics used by our Chief Executive Officer (as the Company’s chief operating decision maker or the “CODM”) to assess the performance of the Company are focused on viewing the business as a single integrated business.