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Stock-Based Compensation | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2014
Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract] |
Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Text Block] | 18. Stock-Based Compensation The Company has the following stock compensation plans that form part of its employees’ remuneration: Employee Share Incentive Plan (Preferred Shares) The Company awards shares of its preferred stock for $nil consideration under its Employee Share Incentive Plan to eligible employees, other than Directors and Officers, after four consecutive years of employment. If these employees remain with the Company for an additional four consecutive years, they can convert these preferred shares into shares of common stock on a one for one basis. In addition, at the time the preferred shares are granted, the employees receive options to purchase an equal number of shares of preferred stock at the average trading price of the Company’s common stock for the first seven days of the October immediately preceding the date of the preferred stock grant. If these options are exercised, the shares of preferred stock obtained may also be converted to shares of common stock if the employee remains with the Company for an additional four consecutive years. Each employee’s option to purchase shares of preferred stock must be exercised within 30 days of the grant date, which is the 90th day after the date of the independent registered public accountants firm’s audit opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Shares of preferred stock not subsequently converted to shares of common stock are redeemable only at the discretion of the Company. Shares of preferred stock granted under this plan during the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, totaled 5,957, 10,180 and 10,033, respectively, and an equal number of preferred stock options were granted in each of these years. Employee Share Option Plan (Common Stock Options) The Company has an employee stock option plan for certain long-serving employees of the Company. Under the plan, these employees are granted in each calendar year, as long as the employee is a participant in the Employee Share Incentive Plan, options to purchase common shares. The price at which the option may be exercised will be the closing market price on the grant date, which is the 40th day after the date of the Company’s Annual Shareholder Meeting. The number of options each employee is granted is equal to five times the sum of (i) the number of preferred shares which that employee receives for $nil consideration and (ii) the number of preferred share options which that employee exercises in that given year. Options may be exercised during the period commencing on the fourth anniversary of the grant date and ending on the thirtieth day after the fourth anniversary of the grant date. Options granted under this plan during the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012, totaled 2,990, 6,600 and 5,780, respectively. 2008 Equity Incentive Plan On May 14, 2008, the Company’s stockholders approved the 2008 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2008 Plan”) and reserved 1,500,000 shares of the Company’s Class A common shares for issuance under this plan. All Directors, executives and key employees of the Company or its affiliates are eligible for participation in the 2008 Plan which provides for the issuance of options, restricted stock and stock equivalents at the discretion of the Board. No options were granted under the plan in 2012, 2013 or 2014. The Company measures and recognizes compensation expense at fair value for all share-based payments, including stock options. Stock-based compensation for the Employee Share Incentive Plan, Employee Share Option Plan and the 2008 Equity Incentive Plan totaled $116,574, $246,473 and $371,038 for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively, and is included in general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of income. Non-Executive Directors’ Share Plan This stock grant plan provides part of Directors’ remuneration. Under this plan, non-Executive Directors receive a combination of cash and common stock for their participation in Board meetings. The number of shares of common stock granted is calculated based upon the market price of the Company’s common stock on October 1 of the year preceding the grant. Common stock granted under this plan during the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012 totaled 5,992, 13,980 and 10,886 shares, respectively. The Company recognized stock-based compensation for these share grants of $85,880, $135,503 and $82,649 for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively. The fair value of each option award is estimated on the date of grant using a Black-Scholes option-pricing model that uses the assumptions noted in the table below. Expected volatilities are based on historical volatilities of the Company’s common stock. The Company uses historical data to estimate option exercise and post-vesting termination behavior. The expected term of options granted is based on historical data and represents the period of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding. The Company uses historical data to estimate stock option exercises and forfeitures within its valuation model. The risk-free interest rate for the expected term of the option is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of the grant. The significant weighted average assumptions for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012 were as follows:
|  | 2014 |  | 2013 |  | 2012 |
Risk free interest rate |  | 0.48 | % | 0.47 | % | 0.26 | %
Expected option life (years) |  | 1.4 |  | 1.7 |  | 1.5 |
Expected volatility |  | 48.06 | % | 27.87 | % | 43.43 | %
Expected dividend yield |  | 2.71 | % | 2.71 | % | 3.78 | %
A summary of the Company’s stock option activity for the year ended December 31, 2014 is as follows:
|  | Options |  | Weighted Average Exercise Price |  | Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years) |  | Aggregate Intrinsic Value (1) |
Outstanding at beginning of period |  | 224,344 |  | $ | 12.82 |  |  |  |  |  |
Granted |  | 8,947 |  |  | 11.14 |  |  |  |  |  |
Exercised |  | (6,705) |  |  | 7.90 |  |  |  |  |  |
Forfeited/expired |  | (39,954) |  |  | 25.59 |  |  |  |  |  |
Outstanding as of December 31, 2014 |  | 186,632 |  | $ | 10.18 |  | 1.18 years |  | $ | 99,570 |
Exercisable as of December 31, 2014 |  | 165,822 |  | $ | 10.20 |  | 1.09 years |  | $ | 79,337 |
(1) | The intrinsic value of a stock option represents the amount by which the fair value of the underlying stock, measured by reference to the closing price of the common shares of $10.68 on the Nasdaq Global Select Market on December 31, 2014, exceeds the exercise price of the option.
As of December 31, 2014, 20,810 non-vested options and 165,822 vested options were outstanding, with weighted average exercise prices of $10.05 and $10.20, respectively, and average remaining contractual lives of 1.94 years and 1.09 years, respectively. The total remaining unrecognized compensation costs related to unvested stock-based arrangements were $31,209 as of December 31, 2014 and are expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.94 years. As of December 31, 2014, unrecognized compensation costs relating to redeemable preferred stock outstanding were $123,555, and are expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.12 years. The following table summarizes the weighted average fair value of options at the date of grant and the intrinsic value of options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012:
|  | 2014 |  | 2013 |  | 2012 |
Options granted with an exercise price below market price on the date of grant: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Employees — preferred stock |  | $ | - |  | $ | 4.65 |  | $ | 1.28 |
Overall weighted average |  | $ | - |  | $ | 4.65 |  | $ | 1.28 |
Options granted with an exercise price at market price on the date of grant: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Management employees |  | $ | - |  | $ | - |  | $ | - |
Employees — common stock |  | $ | 3.11 |  | $ | 3.18 |  | $ | 3.28 |
Overall weighted average |  | $ | 3.11 |  | $ | 3.18 |  | $ | 3.28 |
Options granted with an exercise price above market price on the date of grant: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Management employees |  | $ | - |  | $ | - |  | $ | - |
Employees — preferred stock |  | $ | 0.59 |  | $ | - |  | $ | - |
Overall weighted average |  | $ | 0.59 |  | $ | - |  | $ | - |
Total intrinsic value of options exercised |  | $ | 17,162 |  | $ | 190,212 |  | $ | 1,799 |

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- Definition The entire disclosure for compensation-related costs for equity-based compensation, which may include disclosure of policies, compensation plan details, allocation of equity compensation, incentive distributions, equity-based arrangements to obtain goods and services, deferred compensation arrangements, employee stock ownership plan details and employee stock purchase plan details. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 718 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6415400&loc=d3e5047-113901 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 718 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6415400&loc=d3e5070-113901 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 505 -SubTopic 50 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6406099&loc=d3e25284-112666 Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 718 -SubTopic 40 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6418621&loc=d3e17540-113929 Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 718 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 4 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6415400&loc=d3e5444-113901 Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher SEC -Name Staff Accounting Bulletin (SAB) -Number Topic 14 + Details
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