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Accounting policies | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2020
Accounting policies |
Accounting policies | 2. Accounting policies Basis of consolidation: The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company’s (i) wholly-owned subsidiaries, Aerex Industries, Inc. ("Aerex"), Aquilex, Inc. (“Aquilex”), Cayman Water Company Limited (“Cayman Water”), Ocean Conversion (Cayman) Limited (“OC-Cayman”), DesalCo Limited (“DesalCo”), Consolidated Water Cooperatief, U.A. (“CW-Cooperatief”), Consolidated Water U.S. Holdings, Inc. (“CW-Holdings”); and (ii) majority-owned subsidiaries Consolidated Water (Bahamas) Ltd. (“CW-Bahamas”), N.S.C. Agua, S.A. de C.V. (“NSC”), Aguas de Rosarito S.A.P.I. de C.V. (“AdR”), and PERC Water Corporation (“PERC”). The Company’s investment in its affiliate Ocean Conversion (BVI) Ltd. (“OC-BVI”) is accounted for using the equity method of accounting. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. On January 24, 2020, as a result of CW-Holdings' exercise of a call option, CW-Holdings purchased the remaining 49% ownership interest in Aerex for $8,500,000 in cash. After giving effect to this purchase, CW-Holdings owns 100% of the outstanding capital stock of Aerex. On August 11, 2020, CW-Holdings purchased an additional 10% of the ownership of PERC for $900,000, increasing its ownership of this subsidiary to 61%. The accompanying interim condensed consolidated financial statements are unaudited. These condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments (which are of a normal recurring nature) that, in the opinion of management, are necessary to fairly present the Company’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows as of and for the periods presented. The results of operations for these interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the operating results for future periods, including the fiscal year ending December 31, 2020. These condensed consolidated financial statements and notes are presented in accordance with the rules and regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) relating to interim financial statements and in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”). Certain information and note disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with US GAAP have been condensed or omitted in these condensed financial statements pursuant to SEC rules and regulations, although the Company believes that the disclosures made herein are adequate to make the information not misleading. These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019. Foreign currency: The Company’s reporting currency is the United States dollar (“US$”). The functional currency of the Company and its foreign operating subsidiaries (other than NSC, AdR, and CW-Cooperatief) is the currency for each respective country. The functional currency for NSC, AdR, and CW-Cooperatief is the US$. NSC and AdR conduct business in US$ and Mexican pesos and CW-Cooperatief conducts business in US$ and euros. The exchange rates for the Cayman Islands dollar and the Bahamian dollar are fixed to the US$. The exchange rates for conversion of Mexican pesos and euros into US$ vary based upon market conditions. Net foreign currency gains arising from transactions and re-measurements were $14,751 and $20,441 for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $56,050 and $54,586 for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and are included in “Other income (expense) - Other” in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of income. Cash and cash equivalents: Cash and cash equivalents consist of demand deposits at banks and highly liquid deposits at banks with an original maturity of three months or less. Cash and cash equivalents as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 include $11.0 million and $12.7 million, respectively, of certificates of deposits with an original maturity of three months or less. Certain transfers from the Company’s Bahamas bank accounts to Company bank accounts in other countries require the approval of the Central Bank of The Bahamas. As of September 30, 2020, the equivalent United States dollar cash balances for deposits held in The Bahamas were approximately $12.4 million. Revenue recognition: Revenue is recognized when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to the Company’s customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. The following table presents the Company’s revenue disaggregated by revenue source (unaudited). ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
​ |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Retail revenue | ​ | $ | 4,993,069 | ​ | $ | 6,271,220 | ​ | $ | 18,216,797 | ​ | $ | 19,941,395
Bulk revenue | ​ |  | 6,061,475 | ​ |  | 6,449,757 | ​ |  | 18,368,156 | ​ |  | 20,502,121
Services revenue | ​ |  | 3,351,935 | ​ |  | 95,980 | ​ |  | 9,942,748 | ​ |  | 287,349
Manufacturing revenue | ​ |  | 3,259,778 | ​ |  | 3,072,282 | ​ |  | 10,951,524 | ​ |  | 10,452,158
Total revenue | ​ | $ | 17,666,257 | ​ | $ | 15,889,239 | ​ | $ | 57,479,225 | ​ | $ | 51,183,023
​ Retail revenue The Company produces and supplies water to end-users, including residential, commercial and governmental customers in the Cayman Islands under an exclusive retail license issued to Cayman Water by the Cayman Islands government to provide water in two of the three most populated and rapidly developing areas on Grand Cayman Island. Customers are billed on a monthly basis based on metered consumption and bills are typically collected within 30 to 35 days after the billing date. The Company recognizes revenue from water sales at the time water is supplied to the customer’s premises. The amount of water supplied is determined and invoiced based upon water meter readings performed at the end of each month. All retail water contracts are month-to-month contracts. The Company has elected the "right to invoice" practical expedient for revenue recognition on its retail water sale contracts and recognizes revenue in the amount to which the Company has a right to invoice. Bulk revenue The Company produces and supplies water to government-owned distributors in the Cayman Islands and The Bahamas. OC-Cayman sells bulk water to the Water Authority-Cayman (“WAC”), a government-owned utility and regulatory agency, under two agreements. The WAC in turn distributes such water to properties in Grand Cayman outside of Cayman Water’s retail license area. The Company sells bulk water in The Bahamas through its majority-owned subsidiary, CW-Bahamas, under two agreements with the Water and Sewerage Corporation of The Bahamas (“WSC”), which distributes such water through its own pipeline system to residential, commercial and tourist properties on the Island of New Providence. CW-Bahamas also sells water to a private resort on Bimini. The Company has elected the “right to invoice” practical expedient for revenue recognition on its bulk water sale contracts and recognizes revenue in the amount to which the Company has a right to invoice. Services and Manufacturing revenue The Company, through Aerex, is a custom and specialty manufacturer of water treatment-related systems and products applicable to commercial, municipal and industrial water production. Substantially all of Aerex’s customers are U.S. companies. The Company provides design, engineering, management, procurement and construction services for desalination infrastructure through DesalCo, which serves customers in the Cayman Islands, The Bahamas and the British Virgin Islands. The Company also provides design, engineering, construction and management services for water treatment and reuse infrastructure through PERC. All of PERC’s customers are companies or governmental entities located in the U.S. The Company recognizes revenue for its construction and specialized/custom manufacturing contracts over time under the input method using costs incurred (which represents work performed) to date relative to total estimated costs at completion to measure progress toward satisfying its performance obligations, as such measure best reflects the transfer of control of the promised good to the customer. Contract costs include labor, material and overhead. The Company follows this method since it can make reasonably dependable estimates of the revenue and costs applicable to various stages of a contract. Under this input method, the Company records revenue and recognizes profit or loss as work on the contract progresses. The Company estimates total project costs and profit to be earned on each long-term, fixed price contract prior to commencement of work on the contract and updates these estimates as work on the contract progresses. The cumulative amount of revenue recorded on a contract at a specified point in time is that percentage of total estimated revenue that incurred costs to date comprises of estimated total contract costs. If, as work progresses, the actual contract costs exceed estimates, the profit recognized on revenue from that contract decreases. The Company recognizes the full amount of any estimated loss on a contract at the time the estimates indicate such a loss. Any costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings are classified as current assets. Billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings on uncompleted contracts are classified as current liabilities. The Company has elected the “right to invoice” practical expedient for revenue recognition on its management services agreements and recognizes revenue in the amount to which the Company has a right to invoice. Revenue recognized and amounts billed on services segment and manufacturing segment contracts in progress are summarized as follows:
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | September 30, 2020 | ​ | December 31, 2019
Revenue recognized to date on contracts in progress |  | $ | 26,940,207 | ​ | $ | 24,041,993
Amounts billed to date on contracts in progress | ​ |  | (26,570,097) | ​ |  | (22,980,598)
​ | ​ | $ | 370,110 | ​ | $ | 1,061,395
​ The above net balances are reflected in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet as follows:
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | September 30, 2020 | ​ | December 31, 2019
Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings |  | $ | 1,188,875 |  | $ | 1,675,781
Billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings | ​ |  | (818,765) | ​ |  | (614,386)
​ | ​ | $ | 370,110 | ​ | $ | 1,061,395
​ As of September 30, 2020, the Company had unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied performance obligations for contracts in progress representing approximately $2.3 million in aggregate transaction price for contracts with an original expected length of greater than one year. The Company expects to earn revenue as it satisfies its performance obligations under those contracts in the amount of approximately $0.4 million during the remainder of the year ending December 31, 2020 and approximately $1.9 million thereafter. Practical Expedients and Exemptions The Company does not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for (i) contracts with an original expected length of one year or less and (ii) contracts for which the Company recognizes revenue at the amount to which it has the right to invoice for services performed. ​ Comparative amounts: Certain amounts presented in the financial statements previously issued for 2019 have been reclassified to conform to the current periods’ presentation.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for all significant accounting policies of the reporting entity. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 235 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2122369 + Details
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