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Income taxes | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2023
Income taxes |
Income taxes | 11. Income taxes The components of income before income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 are as follows: ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Year Ended December 31,
​ |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Foreign (not subject to income taxes) | ​ | $ | 10,002,233 | ​ | $ | 6,958,583
Mexico | ​ |  | (742,367) | ​ |  | (987,279)
United States | ​ |  | 27,649,330 | ​ |  | 1,394,642
​ | ​ |  | 36,909,196 | ​ |  | 7,365,946
Discontinued operations | ​ |  | 1,086,744 | ​ |  | 2,371,049
​ | ​ | $ | 37,995,940 | ​ | $ | 9,736,995
​ The Company’s provision for (benefit from) income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, which related to U.S. operations, consisted of the following: ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Year Ended December 31,
​ |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Current: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Federal | ​ | $ | 5,611,360 | ​ | $ | 430,116
State | ​ | ​ | 1,663,653 | ​ | ​ | (29,157)
Foreign | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | —
Total current income tax expense (benefit) | ​ | ​ | 7,275,013 | ​ | ​ | 400,959
Deferred: | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​
Federal | ​ | ​ | (276,070) | ​ | ​ | (184,469)
State | ​ | ​ | (248,929) | ​ | ​ | 180,249
Foreign | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | —
Total deferred income tax expense (benefit) | ​ | ​ | (524,999) | ​ | ​ | (4,220)
Total provision for (benefit from) income taxes | ​ | $ | 6,750,014 | ​ | $ | 396,739
​ A reconciliation of the U.S. statutory federal tax rate to the effective rate for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 is as follows: ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Year Ended December 31, |
​ |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |
U.S. statutory federal rate | ​ | 21.00 | % | 21.00 | %
State taxes, net of federal effect |  | 2.88 | % | 8.88 | %
Foreign rate differential |  | (5.71) | % | (25.57) | %
Research and development tax credit |  | — | % | (1.92) | %
Permanent items |  | (0.32) | % | (0.70) | %
Change in valuation allowance |  | (0.08) | % | 2.38 | %
​ |  | 17.77 | % | 4.07 | %
​ The tax effects of significant items comprising the Company’s net long-term deferred tax liability as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 were as follows: ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | December 31,
​ |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Continuing Operations | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Deferred tax assets: |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |
Research and development credit carryforwards | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 58,069
Net operating loss carryforwards | ​ | ​ | 130,911 | ​ | ​ | 443,076
Accruals and reserves | ​ | ​ | 146,057 | ​ | ​ | 82,503
Operating lease liabilities | ​ | ​ | 501,397 | ​ | ​ | 412,840
Capitalized research expenditures | ​ | ​ | 326,178 | ​ | ​ | —
Others | ​ | ​ | 29,094 | ​ | ​ | —
Valuation allowances | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | (29,036)
​ | ​ |  | 1,133,637 | ​ |  | 967,452
Deferred tax liabilities: | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |
Property and equipment | ​ |  | 325,473 | ​ |  | 293,195
Intangible assets | ​ |  | 847,450 | ​ |  | 821,723
Operating lease right-of-use assets | ​ |  | 491,494 | ​ |  | 412,840
​ | ​ |  | 1,664,417 | ​ |  | 1,527,758
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net deferred tax liabilities | ​ | $ | (530,780) | ​ | $ | (560,306)
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Discontinued Operations | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Deferred tax assets: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Operating loss carryforwards - Mexico | ​ | $ | 5,844,847 | ​ | $ | 5,378,177
Land basis difference - Mexico | ​ | ​ | 2,818,663 | ​ | ​ | 2,163,681
Start-up costs - Mexico | ​ | ​ | 7,015,484 | ​ | ​ | 4,274,858
Valuation allowances | ​ | ​ | (15,678,994) | ​ | ​ | (11,816,716)
​ | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | —
​ As of December 31, 2023, continuing operations has a federal net loss carryforward of $0.6 million and a state net loss carryforward of $0.3 million, both of which have an indefinite expiration date. Discontinued operations has a net loss carryforward of $19.5 million that will begin to expire, if unused, in various amounts between 2024 and 2033.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for income taxes. Disclosures may include net deferred tax liability or asset recognized in an enterprise's statement of financial position, net change during the year in the total valuation allowance, approximate tax effect of each type of temporary difference and carryforward that gives rise to a significant portion of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets, utilization of a tax carryback, and tax uncertainties information. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 946 -SubTopic 20 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 13 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480990/946-20-50-13 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 235 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section S99 -Paragraph 1 -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h)(2)) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 740 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//740/tableOfContent Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 14 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-14 Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 21 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-21 Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 740 -SubTopic 270 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482526/740-270-50-1 Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 17 -Subparagraph (b) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-17 Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section S99 -Paragraph 1 -Subparagraph (SAB TOPIC 6.I.5.Q1) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479360/740-10-S99-1 Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section S99 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 11.C) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479360/740-10-S99-2 Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 740 -SubTopic 30 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (a) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482603/740-30-50-2 + Details
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