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Fair Value of Financial Instruments
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2025
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Fair Value of Financial Instruments Fair Value Measurements
Accounting guidance under GAAP defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. This accounting guidance also establishes a fair value hierarchy, which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value.
The Company uses fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain assets and liabilities on a recurring basis and to determine fair value disclosures. Available for sale securities and equity securities with readily determinable fair values are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis, along with other mortgage-related items identified in the recurring fair value table below. Additionally, from time to time, the Company may be required to record at fair value other assets on a nonrecurring basis, such as collateral dependent loans, repossessed assets and OREO (foreclosed assets). These nonrecurring fair value adjustments typically involve application of lower of cost or market accounting or write-downs of individual assets.
Under fair value accounting guidance, assets and liabilities are grouped at fair value in three levels, based on the markets in which the assets and liabilities are traded and the reliability of the assumptions used to determine their fair values. These hierarchy levels are:
•Level 1 inputs – Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the entity has the ability to access at the measurement date.
•Level 2 inputs – Inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. These might include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, and inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability, such as interest rates and yield curves that are observable at commonly quoted intervals.
•Level 3 inputs – Unobservable inputs for determining the fair values of assets or liabilities that reflect an entity’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the assets or liabilities.
Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
Available for Sale Securities
Fair value measurement of AFS securities is based on quoted prices from an independent pricing service. The fair value measurements consider observable data that may include present value of future cash flows, prepayment assumptions, credit loss assumptions and other factors. The Company classifies its investments in U.S. Treasury securities, if any, as Level 1 in the fair value hierarchy, and it classifies its investments in U.S. government agency securities and mortgage-backed securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. government-sponsored entities as Level 2.
Equity Securities
Fair value measurement for equity securities is based on quoted market prices retrieved by the Company via online resources. Although these securities have readily available fair market values, the Company determined that they should be classified as level 2 investments in the fair value hierarchy due to not being considered traded in a highly active market.
Loans Held for Sale
Loans held for sale are carried at fair value, which is determined based on Mark to Trade for allocated/committed loans or Mark to Market analysis for unallocated/uncommitted loans based on third-party pricing models (Level 2).
IRLCs
The Company utilizes a third-party specialist model to estimate the fair value of IRLCs, which are valued based upon mortgage securities (TBA) prices less estimated costs to process and settle the loan. Fair value is adjusted for the estimated probability of the loan closing with the borrower (Level 3).
($ in thousands)Fair ValueValuation TechniqueUnobservable InputRange
September 30, 2025
IRLCs – net asset$215 Market ApproachRange of pull through rate
79% - 100%
Average pull through rate89%
($ in thousands)Fair ValueValuation TechniqueUnobservable InputRange
December 31, 2024
IRLCs – net asset$113 Market ApproachRange of pull through rate
78% - 100%
Average pull through rate89%
The following table presents activity in the IRLCs – net asset for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025.
($ in thousands)Three Months Ended September 30, 2025Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025
Beginning balance$426 $113 
Valuation adjustment(211)102 
Ending balance$215 $215 
Forward Contracts
To avoid interest rate risk, the Company hedges the open locked/closed position with TBA forward trades. On a regular basis, the Company allocates disbursed loans to mandatory commitments with government-sponsored enterprises and private investors delivering the loans within 120 days of origination to maximize interest earnings. For a small percentage of business, the Company enters into best efforts forward sales commitments with investors at the time it makes an IRLC to a borrower. Once a loan has been closed and funded, the best efforts commitments convert to mandatory forward sales commitments. The mandatory commitments are derivatives, and the Company measures and reports them at fair value. Fair value is based on the gain or loss that would occur if the Company were to pair-off the transaction with the investor at the measurement date. This is a Level 2 input. The Company has elected to measure and report best efforts commitments at fair value using a valuation methodology similar to that used for mandatory commitments.
Market assumptions utilized in the fair value measurement of the reporting entity’s residential mortgage derivatives, inclusive of IRLCs, Closed Loan Inventory, TBA derivative trades, and Mandatory Forwards may be subject to investor overlays that may result in a significantly lower fair value measurement. Generally such overlays are announced with advanced notice in order to include the risk adjuster, however there are times when announcements are mandated resulting in a lower fair value measurement. Additionally market assumptions such as spec pool payups may result in a significantly higher fair value measurement at time of loan allocation to specific trades.
The following tables present the recorded amount of assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. No assets were transferred from one hierarchy level to another during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 or 2024.
($ in thousands)Fair ValueQuoted Prices
(Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs
(Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
September 30, 2025
Assets:
Available for sale securities:
U.S. government agency securities$20,565 $— $20,565 $— 
Mortgage-backed securities156,442 — 156,442 — 
Other debt securities4,713 — 4,713 — 
Total available for sale securities181,720 — 181,720 — 
Equity securities6,113 — 6,113 — 
TBA forward trades38 — 38 — 
Loans held for sale21,500 — 21,500 — 
IRLCs216 — — 216 
Total assets at fair value$209,587 $— $209,371 $216 
Liabilities:
IRLCs$1 $— $— $1 
TBA forward trades47 — 47 — 
Total liabilities at fair value$48 $— $47 $1 
($ in thousands)Fair ValueQuoted Prices
(Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs
(Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
December 31, 2024
Assets:
Available for sale securities:
U.S. government agency securities$20,202 $— $20,202 $— 
Mortgage-backed securities122,384 — 122,384 — 
Other debt securities6,626 — 6,626 — 
Total available for sale securities149,212 — 149,212 — 
Equity securities5,814 — 5,814 — 
TBA forward trades164 — 164 — 
Loans held for sale19,606 — 19,606 — 
IRLCs113 — — 113 
Total assets at fair value$174,909 $— $174,796 $113 
Liabilities:
TBA forward trades$23 $— $23 $— 
Total liabilities at fair value$23 $— $23 $— 
Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis
Individually Evaluated Collateral-Dependent Loans
Loans for which repayment is substantially expected to be provided through the operation or sale of collateral are considered collateral dependent and are valued based on the estimated fair value of the collateral, less estimated costs to sell at the reporting date, where applicable. Accordingly, collateral dependent loans are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.
OREO (Foreclosed Assets)
Foreclosed assets are adjusted for fair value upon transfer of loans to foreclosed assets establishing a new cost basis. Subsequently, foreclosed assets are carried at the lower of carrying value or fair value. The estimated fair value for foreclosed assets included in Level 3 are determined by independent market-based appraisals and other available market information, less costs to sell, that may be reduced further based on market expectations or an executed sales agreement. If the fair value of the collateral deteriorates subsequent to the initial recognition, the Company records the foreclosed asset as a non-recurring Level 3 adjustment. Valuation techniques are consistent with those techniques applied in prior periods.
Repossessed Assets
All repossessed assets are recorded at lower of the estimated fair value of the properties, less expected selling costs, or the carrying amount of the defaulted loans. From time to time, nonrecurring fair value adjustments are recorded to reflect partial write-downs based on current appraised value of an asset. The Company considers any valuation inputs related to repossessed assets to be Level 3 inputs. Fair value adjustments for these assets are recorded in other noninterest expense in the consolidated statements of income.
Other Assets Held for Sale
Other assets held for sale are carried at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value. The fair value is determined based on the appraisal value, listing price of the property or collateral provided by independent appraisers, and is adjusted for the estimated costs to sell. Due to the use of significant unobservable inputs, these assets are classified as Level 3 under the fair value hierarchy. Fair value adjustments for these assets are recorded in other noninterest expense in the consolidated statements of income.
The following tables set forth the Company’s assets subject to fair value adjustments (impairment) on a nonrecurring basis at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 that are valued at lower of cost or market. Assets are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.
Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
($ in thousands)Fair ValueValuation TechniqueUnobservable InputRangeWeighted-Average
September 30, 2025
Nonrecurring measurements:
Individually evaluated collateral dependent loan
Commercial real estate$6,781 
Appraisal of collateral(1)
Appraisal adjustment(2)
Liquidation expense(2)
1% - 61%
10%
26%
10%
Residential real estate456 
Appraisal of collateral(1)
Appraisal adjustment(2)
Liquidation expense(2)
54%
10%
3%
10%
Commercial112 
Appraisal of collateral(1)
Appraisal adjustment(2)
Liquidation expense(2)
100%
10%
2%
10%
Other real estate owned120 
Appraisal of collateral(1)
Appraisal adjustment(2)
N/A
0%
Repossessed assets3,432 
Appraisal of collateral(1)
Appraisal adjustment(2)
N/A
56%
Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
($ in thousands)Fair ValueValuation TechniqueUnobservable InputRangeWeighted-Average
December 31, 2024
Nonrecurring measurements:
Individually evaluated collateral dependent loan
Commercial real estate$2,220 
Appraisal of collateral(1)
Appraisal adjustment(2)
Liquidation expense(2)
62%
10%
38%
10%
Residential real estate817 
Appraisal of collateral(1)
Appraisal adjustment(2)
Liquidation expense(2)
55% - 100%
10%
17%
10%
Consumer624 
Appraisal of collateral(1)
Appraisal adjustment(2)
Liquidation expense(2)
80% - 86%
10%
15%
10%
Other real estate owned179 
Appraisal of collateral(1)
Appraisal adjustment(2)
N/A
0%
Repossessed assets3,315 
Appraisal of collateral(1)
Appraisal adjustment(2)
N/A
39%
Assets held for sale900 
Appraisal of collateral(1)
Appraisal adjustment(2)
N/A
0%
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(1)Unobservable inputs were weighted by the relative fair value of the instruments. No range is presented only when one instrument was available.
(2)Appraisals may be adjusted by management for qualitative factors such as economic conditions and estimated liquidation expenses. The range of liquidation expenses and other appraisal adjustments are presented as a percent of the appraisal.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Financial instruments require disclosure of fair value information, whether or not recognized in the consolidated balance sheets, when it is practical to estimate the fair value. A financial instrument is defined as cash, evidence of an ownership interest in an entity or a contractual obligation which requires the exchange of cash. Certain items are specifically excluded from the financial instrument fair value disclosure requirements, including the Company’s common stock, OREO, premises and equipment and other assets and liabilities.
The following tables present the carrying amounts and estimated fair values of the Company’s financial instruments as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. Fair values for September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 were estimated using an exit price notion.
September 30, 2025Carrying AmountFair ValueFair Value Measurements
($ in thousands)Level 1Level 2Level 3
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents$416,513 $416,513 $416,513 $— $— 
Available for sale securities181,720 181,720 — 181,720 — 
Held to maturity securities433,440 393,540 — 393,540 — 
Equity securities 6,113 6,113 — 6,113 — 
Restricted securities20,364 N/A— N/A— 
Loans held for sale21,500 21,500 — 21,500 — 
TBA securities38 38 — 38 — 
Loans held for investment, at amortized cost, net4,823,415 4,731,552 — — 4,731,552 
Mortgage servicing rights5,293 5,293 — 5,293 — 
Accrued interest receivable20,408 20,408 — 20,408 — 
IRLCs216 216 — — 216 
Liabilities
Deposits:
Noninterest-bearing$1,594,212 $1,594,212 $— $1,594,212 $— 
Interest-bearing checking851,963 851,963 — 851,963 — 
Money market and savings1,790,001 1,790,001 — 1,790,001 — 
Time deposits1,281,132 1,279,762 — 1,279,762 — 
Brokered deposits10,857 10,863 — 10,863 — 
FHLB advances50,000 50,024 — 50,024 — 
TRUPS30,085 28,499 — 28,499 — 
Subordinated debt44,409 44,535 — 44,535 — 
TBA Securities47 47 — 47 — 
Accrued interest payable3,403 3,403 — 3,403 — 
IRLCs1 1 — — 1 
December 31, 2024Carrying AmountFair ValueFair Value Measurements
($ in thousands)Level 1Level 2Level 3
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents$459,851 $459,851 $459,851 $— $— 
Available for sale securities149,212 149,212 — 149,212 — 
Held to maturity securities481,077 424,734 — 424,734 — 
Equity securities5,814 5,814 — 5,814 — 
Restricted securities20,253 20,253 — 20,253 — 
Loans held for sale19,606 19,606 — 19,606 — 
TBA securities164 164 — 164 — 
Loans held for investment, at amortized cost, net4,714,078 4,561,449 — — 4,561,449 
Mortgage servicing rights5,874 5,874 — 5,874 — 
Accrued interest receivable19,570 19,570 — 19,570 — 
IRLCs113 113 — — 113 
Liabilities
Deposits:
Noninterest-bearing$1,562,815 $1,562,815 $— $1,562,815 $— 
Interest bearing checking978,076 978,076 — 978,076 — 
Money market and savings1,805,884 1,805,884 — 1,805,884 — 
Time deposits1,181,561 1,179,716 — 1,179,716 — 
FHLB advances50,000 50,201 — 50,201 — 
TRUPS29,847 27,952 — 27,952 — 
Subordinated debt43,870 43,669 — 43,669 — 
TBA securities23 23 — 23 — 
Accrued interest payable3,398 3,398 — 3,398 —