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Income Taxes (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2020
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Schedule of Components of Income Tax Expense (Benefit)
The following table summarizes the provision for income taxes:
 
Year Ended December 31,
202020192018
Federal:
Current$(27,310)$58 $(1,510)
Deferred(6,611)(4,520)(1,240)
Benefit for Federal income tax expense(33,921)(4,462)(2,750)
State:
Current598 1,100 (654)
Deferred(3,282)241 (1,229)
Provision (benefit) for State income tax expense(2,684)1,341 (1,883)
Benefit for income taxes$(36,605)$(3,121)$(4,633)
Tax Expense Reconciliation
The actual income tax expense differs from the expected income tax expense computed by applying the combined applicable effective federal and state tax rates to income before the provision for income taxes as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
202020192018
Expected income tax expense at federal rate$(27,741)$(6,847)$(875)
State tax expense, net of federal deduction benefit(3,603)(882)(1,205)
Dividend received deduction(141)(195)(170)
Other permanent items600 1,349 564 
Prior period accrual adjustment2,230 3,415 (1,391)
Net operating loss carryback rate benefit (1)
(12,566)— — 
Municipal tax-exempt interest(280)(587)(735)
Change in valuation allowance5,505 989 — 
Change in special loss discount account— — (821)
Change in tax credit carryforward(721)— — 
     Other, net112 (363)— 
Reported income tax benefit$(36,605)$(3,121)$(4,633)
 (1) Pursuant to the recently enacted CARES Act.
Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities
The table below summarizes the significant components of our net deferred tax liability:
 
December 31,
20202019
Deferred tax assets:
Unearned premiums$16,404 $19,482 
Tax-related discount on loss reserve4,027 2,300 
R&D tax credit carryforward1,686 — 
Dual consolidated loss carryforward 6,511 2,181 
Net operating loss carryforward 7,900 8,709 
Other1,189 1,451 
Total pre-allowance deferred tax assets37,717 34,123 
          Valuation allowance(6,494)(989)
          Total deferred tax assets31,223 33,134 
Deferred tax liabilities:
Deferred acquisitions costs(20,191)(27,939)
Unrealized gain(3,253)(10,484)
Intangible assets(4,553)(5,631)
Prepaid expenses(725)(762)
Investments(78)(152)
Fixed assets(5,618)(2,728)
Outside basis in subsidiary(974)— 
Total deferred tax liabilities(35,392)(47,696)
Net deferred tax liability$(4,169)$(14,562)
Schedule of Unrecognized Tax Benefits Roll Forward
The following is a reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits for the year ended December 31, 2020:

December 31, 2020
Balance at January 1$— 
Additions based on tax positions related to current year683
Balance at December 31$683