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Statutory Accounting and Regulation
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2021
Insurance [Abstract]  
Statutory Accounting and Regulation STATUTORY ACCOUNTING AND REGULATION
The insurance industry is heavily regulated. State laws and regulations, as well as national regulatory agency requirements, govern the operations of all insurers such as our insurance subsidiaries. The various laws and regulations require that insurers maintain minimum amounts of statutory surplus and risk-based capital, restrict insurers' ability to pay dividends, specify allowable investment types and investment mixes, and subject insurers to assessments. Our insurance subsidiaries UPC, ACIC and JIC are domiciled in Florida, while IIC is domiciled in New York. On April 2, 2021, our insurance subsidiary, FSIC, was redomiciled from Hawaii to Florida. At March 31, 2021, and during the three-months then ended, our insurance subsidiaries met all regulatory requirements of the states in which they operate. We did not receive any significant assessments from regulatory authorities in the states in which our insurance subsidiaries operate.

The National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC) has Risk-Based Capital (RBC) guidelines for insurance companies that are designed to assess capital adequacy and to raise the level of protection that statutory surplus provides for policyholders. Most states, including Florida and New York, have enacted statutory requirements adopting the NAIC RBC guidelines, and insurers having less statutory surplus than required will be subject to varying degrees of regulatory action, depending on the level of capital inadequacy. State insurance regulatory authorities could require an insurer to cease operations in the event the insurer fails to maintain the required statutory capital.

The state laws of Florida and New York permit an insurer to pay dividends or make distributions out of that part of statutory surplus derived from net operating profit and net realized capital gains. The state laws further provide calculations to determine the amount of dividends or distributions that can be made without the prior approval of the insurance regulatory authorities in those states and the amount of dividends or distributions that would require prior approval of the insurance regulatory authorities in those states. Statutory RBC requirements may further restrict our insurance subsidiaries' ability to pay dividends or make distributions if the amount of the intended dividend or distribution would cause statutory surplus to fall below minimum RBC requirements.

The SBA Note is considered a surplus note pursuant to statutory accounting principles. As a result, UPC is subject to the authority of the Insurance Commissioner of the State of Florida with regard to its ability to repay principal and interest on the SBA Note. Any payment of principal or interest requires permission from the insurance regulatory authority.

Our insurance subsidiaries must each file with the various insurance regulatory authorities an “Annual Statement” which reports, among other items, statutory net income (loss) and surplus as regards policyholders, which is called stockholders' equity under GAAP. For the three-months ended March 31, 2021, our combined recorded statutory net loss was $43,993,000. For the three-months ended March 31, 2020, our combined recorded statutory net income was $7,208,000.
Our insurance subsidiaries must maintain capital and surplus ratios or balances as determined by the regulatory authority of the states in which they are domiciled. At March 31, 2021, we met these requirements. The amount of surplus as regards policyholders for our regulated entities at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 was $330,467,000 and $370,720,000, respectively.