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Income Taxes (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2021
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Schedule of Components of Income Tax Expense (Benefit)
The following table summarizes the provision for income taxes:
Year Ended December 31,
202120202019
Federal:
Current$(2,207)$(27,310)$58 
Deferred(18,830)(6,611)(4,520)
Benefit for Federal income tax expense(21,037)(33,921)(4,462)
State:
Current1,033 598 1,100 
Deferred(3,985)(3,282)241 
Provision (benefit) for State income tax expense(2,952)(2,684)1,341 
Benefit for income taxes$(23,989)$(36,605)$(3,121)
Tax Expense Reconciliation
The actual income tax expense differs from the expected income tax expense computed by applying the combined applicable effective federal and state tax rates to income before the provision for income taxes as follows:

Year Ended December 31,
202120202019
Expected income tax expense at federal rate$(17,610)$(27,741)$(6,847)
State tax expense, net of federal deduction benefit(1,176)(3,603)(882)
Dividend received deduction(59)(141)(195)
Other permanent items125 600 1,349 
Prior period accrual adjustment(1,053)2,230 3,415 
Outside basis in subsidiary(964)470 — 
Net operating loss carryback rate benefit (1)
— (12,566)— 
Municipal tax-exempt interest(134)(280)(587)
Change in valuation allowance(1,352)5,505 989 
Change in enacted tax rate(1,386)(358)(363)
Change in tax credit carryforward(380)(721)— 
Reported income tax benefit$(23,989)$(36,605)$(3,121)
 (1) Pursuant to the recently enacted CARES Act.
Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities
The table below summarizes the significant components of our net deferred tax asset (liability):
 
December 31,
20212020
Deferred tax assets:
Unearned premiums$10,326 $16,404 
Unrealized loss1,230 — 
Tax-related discount on loss reserve3,121 4,027 
R&D tax credit carryforward1,990 1,686 
Dual consolidated loss carryforward 5,103 6,511 
Net operating loss carryforward 25,472 7,900 
Capitalized software— — 
Other1,682 1,189 
Total pre-allowance deferred tax assets48,924 37,717 
          Valuation allowance(5,142)(6,494)
          Total deferred tax assets43,782 31,223 
Deferred tax liabilities:
Deferred acquisitions costs(10,356)(20,191)
Unrealized gain— (3,253)
Intangible assets(3,607)(4,553)
Prepaid expenses(837)(725)
Investments(77)(78)
Fixed assets(4,990)(5,618)
Outside basis in subsidiary— (974)
Total deferred tax liabilities(19,867)(35,392)
Net deferred tax asset (liability)$23,915 $(4,169)
Schedule of Unrecognized Tax Benefits Roll Forward
The following is a reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits for the year ended December 31, 2021:

December 31, 2021
Balance at January 1$683 
Additions based on tax positions related to current year151 
Balance at December 31$834