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Income Taxes (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] |
Schedule of Components of Income Tax Expense (Benefit) | The following table summarizes the provision for income taxes:
| Year Ended December 31,
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Federal: |  |  |  |  |
Current | $ | (171) |  |  | $ | (2,207) |  |  | $ | (27,310) |
Deferred | 18,823 |  |  | (18,830) |  |  | (6,611) |
Provision (benefit) for Federal income tax expense | 18,652 |  |  | (21,037) |  |  | (33,921) |
State: |  |  |  |  |
Current | 1,518 |  |  | 1,033 |  |  | 598 |
Deferred | 5,315 |  |  | (3,985) |  |  | (3,282) |
Provision (benefit) for State income tax expense | 6,833 |  |  | (2,952) |  |  | (2,684) |
Provision (benefit) for income taxes | $ | 25,485 |  |  | $ | (23,989) |  |  | $ | (36,605) |
Tax Expense Reconciliation | The actual income tax expense differs from the expected income tax expense computed by applying the combined applicable effective federal and state tax rates to income before the provision for income taxes as follows:
| Year Ended December 31,
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Expected income tax expense at federal rate | $ | (93,341) |  |  | $ | (17,610) |  |  | $ | (27,741) |
State tax expense, net of federal deduction benefit | (13,899) |  |  | (1,176) |  |  | (3,603) |
Dividend received deduction | (73) |  |  | (59) |  |  | (141) |
Non-Deductible Goodwill | 2,848 |  |  | (2) |  |  | — |
Other permanent items | 241 |  |  | 127 |  |  | 600 |
Prior period accrual adjustment | 469 |  |  | (1,053) |  |  | 2,230 |
Outside basis in subsidiary | 189 |  |  | (964) |  |  | 470 |
Net operating loss carryback rate benefit (1) | — |  |  | — |  |  | (12,566) |
Municipal tax-exempt interest | (50) |  |  | (134) |  |  | (280) |
Change in valuation allowance | 128,993 |  |  | (1,352) |  |  | 5,505 |
Change in enacted tax rate | 110 |  |  | (1,386) |  |  | (358) |
Change in tax credit carryforward | — |  |  | (380) |  |  | (721) |
Other, net | (2) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Reported income tax benefit | $ | 25,485 |  |  | $ | (23,989) |  |  | $ | (36,605) |
(1) Pursuant to the recently enacted CARES Act.
Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities | The table below summarizes the significant components of our net deferred tax asset (liability):
| December 31,
| 2022 |  | 2021
Deferred tax assets: |  |  |
Unearned premiums | $ | 16,115 |  |  | $ | 10,326 |
Unrealized loss | 8,768 |  |  | 1,230 |
Tax-related discount on loss reserve | 5,505 |  |  | 3,121 |
R&D tax credit carryforward | 1,610 |  |  | 1,990 |
Other-than-temporary impairment | 5,500 |  |  | — |
Investments | 2,620 |  |  | 344 |
Bad debt expense | 1,077 |  |  | 144 |
Equity compensation | 474 |  |  | 405 |
Dual consolidated loss carryforward | 5,958 |  |  | 5,103 |
Net operating loss carryforward | 112,804 |  |  | 25,472 |
Other | 1,541 |  |  | 789 |
Total pre-allowance deferred tax assets | 161,972 |  |  | 48,924 |
Valuation allowance | (140,034) |  |  | (5,142) |
Total deferred tax assets | 21,938 |  |  | 43,782 |
Deferred tax liabilities: |  |  |
Deferred acquisitions costs | (14,743) |  |  | (10,356) |
Intangible assets | (2,823) |  |  | (3,607) |
Prepaid expenses | (744) |  |  | (837) |
Investments | (62) |  |  | (77) |
Fixed assets | (3,743) |  |  | (4,990) |
Total deferred tax liabilities | (22,115) |  |  | (19,867) |
Net deferred tax asset (liability) | $ | (177) |  |  | $ | 23,915 |
Schedule of Unrecognized Tax Benefits Roll Forward | The following is a reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits for the year ended December 31, 2022:
|  | December 31, 2022
Balance at January 1 |  | $ | 834 |
Decrease based on tax positions related to prior years |  | (168) |
Balance at December 31 |  | $ | 666 |

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