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Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
Share-based Compensation, Activity
The following table presents our total stock-based compensation expense:
Year Ended
202320222021
Employee stock-based compensation expense
     Pre-tax (1)
$1,082 $1,230 $875 
     Post-tax (2)
855 972 691 
Director stock-based compensation expense
     Pre-tax (1)
174 158 310 
     Post-tax (2)
137 125 245 
(1) This table does not include withholding of vested shares for tax liabilities, which totaled $24,000, $25,000 and $39,000 in 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively.
(2) The after tax amounts are determined using the 21% corporate federal tax rate.
Schedule of Nonvested Share Activity
The following table presents certain information related to the activity of our non-vested common stock grants:
Number of Restricted SharesWeighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding as of December 31, 2020259,006 $10.06 
Granted (1)
292,960 6.01 
Less: Forfeited122,460 8.87 
Less: Vested (1)
92,910 9.99 
Outstanding as of December 31, 2021
336,596 $6.99 
Granted907,907 1.97 
Less: Forfeited383,876 3.43 
Less: Vested146,388 6.00 
Outstanding as of December 31, 2022
714,239 $2.73 
Granted (2)
45,000 5.25 
Less: Forfeited
132,259 3.16 
Less: Vested181,334 3.25 
Outstanding as of December 31, 2023
445,646 $2.64 
Schedule of Share-based Payment Award, Stock Options, Valuation Assumptions The following weighted-average assumptions were used to value the stock options granted:
20232022
Expected annual dividend yield—  %—  %
Expected volatility80.84  %49.66  %
Risk-free interest rate3.44  %2.92  %
Expected term years years
Schedule of Share-based Compensation, Stock Options and Stock Appreciation Rights Award Activity
The following table presents certain information related to the activity of our non-vested stock option grants:

Number of Stock OptionsWeighted Average Exercise PricesWeighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (years)Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding as of December 31, 2020144,006 $13.00 8.77 $— 
Granted1,054,707 3.86 — — 
Less: Forfeited48,995 8.08 — — 
Less: Exercised— — — — 
Less: Expired2,503 16.25 — — 
Outstanding as of December 31, 2021
1,147,215 $4.80 9.49 $792,000 
Vested as of December 31, 2021
120,638 $15.87 7.39 $— 
Exercisable as of December 31, 2021
68,003 $15.85 7.39 $— 
Outstanding as of December 31, 2021
1,147,215 $4.80 9.49 $792,000 
Granted635,643 1.70 — — 
Less: Forfeited426,480 2.91 — — 
Less: Exercised— — — — 
Less: Expired105,693 6.65 — — 
Outstanding as of December 31, 2022
1,250,685 $3.71 7.66 $— 
Vested as of December 31, 2022
532,797 $7.26 8.03 $— 
Exercisable as of December 31, 2022
432,786 $5.25 5.10 $— 
Outstanding as of December 31, 2022
1,250,685 $3.71 7.66 $— 
Granted(1)
— — — — 
Less: Forfeited40,000 3.46 — — 
Less: Exercised20,000 3.46 — — 
Less: Expired161,925 3.05 — — 
Outstanding as of December 31, 2023
1,028,760 $3.83 7.80 $6,151,000 
Vested as of December 31, 2023 (2)
920,818 $4.78 7.56 $3,071,000 
Exercisable as of December 31, 2023
580,568 $4.78 7.56 $3,071,000