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BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2024
BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES |
BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES | NOTE 2 – BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Principles of Consolidation The Company’s consolidated financial statements include the accounts of its wholly owned subsidiaries, Bear River Zeolite Company (“BRZ”), AGAU Mines, Inc., Stibnite Holding Company US Inc., Antimony Mining and Milling US LLC, Lanxess Laurel de Mexico, S.A. de C.V., Great Land Minerals, LLC, Denali Minerals, LLC, Alaska Antimony LLC, and UAMY Cobalt Corporation, and its majority owned subsidiaries, USAMSA and ADM. All intercompany balances and transactions are eliminated in consolidation. AGAU Mines, Inc., Stibnite Holding Company US Inc., Antimony Mining and Milling US LLC, and Lanxess Laurel de Mexico, S.A. de C.V. are inactive. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires the use of estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities known to exist as of the date the financial statements are published, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Uncertainties with respect to such estimates and assumptions are inherent in the preparation of the Company's consolidated financial statements; accordingly, it is possible that the actual results could differ from these estimates and assumptions, which could have a material effect on the reported amounts of the Company's consolidated financial position and results of operations. Reclassifications Certain reclassifications have been made to conform the amounts presented in the December 31, 2023 financial statements to the current presentation. These reclassifications have no effect on the results of operations, stockholders’ equity and cash flows as previously reported. Cash and Cash Equivalents The Company considers cash in banks and investments with original maturities of three months or less when purchased to be cash and cash equivalents. At December 31, 2024, the $18,270,898 presented in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows consists of $18,172,120 of cash and cash equivalents and $98,778 of restricted cash for reclamation bonds. At December 31, 2023, the $11,954,635 presented in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows consists of $11,899,574 of cash and cash equivalents and $55,061 of restricted cash for reclamation bonds. Restricted Cash Restricted cash at December 31, 2024 and 2023 consists of cash held for reclamation performance bonds and is held in certificates of deposit with financial institutions. Accounts Receivable Accounts receivables are stated at the amount the Company expects to collect from outstanding balances. The Company provides for probable uncollectible amounts through an allowance for doubtful accounts. Changes to the allowance for doubtful accounts are based on the Company’s judgment, considering historical write-offs, collections, and current credit conditions. Balances which remain outstanding after the Company has made reasonable collection efforts are written off through a charge to the allowance for doubtful accounts and a credit to the applicable accounts receivable. Payments received on receivables after being written off are considered a bad debt recovery. Inventories Inventories at December 31, 2024 and 2023 consisted of finished antimony products (oxide and metal), antimony concentrates, antimony ore, and finished zeolite products, and are stated at the lower of first-in, first-out weighted average cost or estimated net realizable value, whichever is lower. Finished antimony products (oxide and metal) and finished zeolite products include costs related to direct materials, direct labor, facility overhead, depreciation, and freight allocated based on production quantity. Stockpiled ore is carried at the lower of average cost or net realizable value. Since the Company’s antimony inventory is a commodity with a sales value that is subject to world prices for antimony that are beyond the Company’s control, a significant change in the world market price of antimony could have a significant effect on the net realizable value of inventories. The Company periodically reviews its inventories to identify excess and obsolete inventories and to estimate reserves for excess and obsolete inventories as necessary to reflect inventories at net realizable value. Cost related to recording reserves for excess and obsolete inventory is recognized in “cost of revenues” in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Foreign Currency Transactions All amounts in the financial statements are presented in U.S. dollars, which is the functional currency of the Company and its subsidiaries. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are recognized as a foreign currency exchange gain or loss in “other miscellaneous income (expense)” in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Properties, Plants and Equipment Properties, plants, and equipment are stated at historical cost and are depreciated using the straight-line method over estimated useful lives ranging from three to forty years. The estimated useful life of plant and equipment ranges from three to twenty years and buildings ranges from twenty to forty years. Depreciation expense is in included in “Cost of revenues” in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Maintenance and repairs are charged to operations as incurred. Expenditures for property, plant, equipment, and improvements that extend the useful life or functionality of the asset are capitalized. When assets are retired or sold, the costs and related accumulated depreciation are eliminated from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is reflected in the results of operations. The costs to obtain the legal right to explore, extract and retain at least a portion of the benefits from mineral deposits are capitalized in the year of acquisition as “Mineral rights and interests” in “Properties, plants, and equipment” in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. These capitalized costs are amortized in the statement of operations over the estimated economic life of the mineral resource, if one is identified, based on the units-of-production method. If a mineral resource is not identified, these capitalized costs are expensed. The Company expenses costs as incurred during the mine exploration stage. The mine development stage begins once the Company has determined an ore body is feasible. Expenditures incurred during the development stage are capitalized as deferred development costs and amortized using the units-of-production method, based upon estimating the units of mineral resource, or the straight-line method, based upon the estimated lives of the properties. Costs to improve, alter, or rehabilitate primary development assets which appreciably extend the life, increase capacity, or improve the efficiency of such assets are also capitalized. The development stage ends when the production stage of mining begins. Impairment of Long-lived Assets The Company reviews and evaluates the net carrying value of its long-lived assets for impairment upon the occurrence of events or changes in circumstances that indicate that the related carrying amounts may not be recoverable. A test for recoverability is performed based on the estimated undiscounted future cash flows that will be generated from operations at each property and the estimated salvage value of asset. Although management has made what it believes to be a reasonable estimate of factors based on current conditions and information, assumptions underlying future cash flows, which includes the estimated value of assets, are subject to significant risks and uncertainties. Estimates of undiscounted future cash flows and salvage values are dependent upon, among other factors, estimates of: (i) product and metals to be recovered from identified mineralization and other resources (ii) future production and capital costs, (iii) estimated selling prices (considering current, historical, and future prices) over the estimated remaining life of the asset and (iv) market values of assets. It is possible that changes could occur in the near term that could adversely affect the estimate of salvage values and future cash flows to be generated from operating assets. If estimated undiscounted cash flows and/or salvage values are less than the carrying value of an asset, an impairment loss is recognized for the difference between the carrying value and fair value of the asset. Prepaid Expenses Prepaid expenses relate to goods or services that have been paid for but for which the good or service has not yet been received. These costs are recorded in “Prepaid expenses and other current assets” in the Consolidated Balance Sheet and expensed in the Consolidated Statement of Operations as the asset's benefits are realized. Prepaid expenses are recorded as a current asset in the Consolidated Balance Sheet if the benefits will be realized within twelve months from the date of the Consolidated Balance Sheet or as a long-term asset if the benefits will be realized after twelve months from the date of the Consolidated Balance Sheet. Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations The Company classifies assets and liabilities to be sold ("Disposal Group") as held for sale in the period when all of the applicable criteria are met, including: (i) management commits to a plan to sell, (ii) the Disposal Group is available to sell in its present condition, (iii) there is an active program to locate a buyer, (iv) the Disposal Group is being actively marketed at a reasonable price in relation to its fair value, (v) significant changes to the plan to sell are unlikely, and (vi) the sale of the Disposal Group is generally probable of being completed within one year. Management performs an assessment at least quarterly or when events or changes in business circumstances indicate that a change in classification may be necessary. If a change in classification is warranted, the Company reclassifies the disposal group’s assets and liabilities to held-and-used and reports the results of operations and cash flows in continuing operations. Assets and liabilities held for sale are presented separately within the Consolidated Balance Sheets with any adjustments necessary to measure the Disposal Group at the lower of its carrying value or fair value less costs to sell. Depreciation of property and equipment are not recorded while these assets are classified as held for sale. For each period the Disposal Group remains classified as held for sale, its recoverability is reassessed and any necessary adjustments are made to its carrying value. The Company categorizes the assets and liabilities of a Disposal Group, or business component, as discontinued operations once management commits to a plan to sell, the business segment is available for immediate sale, management has initiated a plan to sell at a price that is reasonable in relation to its fair value, management anticipates the sale will occur within one year, and it is unlikely that significant changes will be made to the plan to sell. In addition, the business component must be comprised of operations and cash flows that are clearly distinguished from the rest of the entity. The results of discontinued operations are aggregated and presented separately in the Consolidated Balance Sheets, Consolidated Statements of Operations, and Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. Accrued Liabilities The Company records accrued liabilities for expenses that have been incurred prior to the reporting date but not paid. The accrued liabilities balance at December 31, 2024 of $1.4 million consists of $1.2 million of accrued compensation and $0.2 million of miscellaneous accrued liabilities. The accrued liabilities balance at December 31, 2023 of $0.1 million consists primarily of $0.1 million of accrued compensation. Leases The Company determines if an arrangement contains a lease at inception. An arrangement contains a lease if it implicitly or explicitly identifies an asset to be used and conveys the right to control the use of the identified asset in exchange for consideration. As a lessee, the Company includes operating leases in "Operating lease right-of-use assets" and "Current and noncurrent operating lease liabilities" in its Consolidated Balance sheet. Right-of-use assets represent the Company's right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the Company's obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities are recognized upon commencement of the lease based on the present value of the lease payments over the lease term. Incremental costs of a lease that would not have been incurred if the lease had not been obtained are capitalized as initial direct costs (“IDC”). The Company amortizes the undiscounted fixed lease cost and the IDC on a straight-line basis over the lease term. If a lease does not provide an implicit interest rate, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date to determine the present value of lease payments. Asset Retirement Obligations The Company’s mining operations are subject to retirement requirements, which include mine retirement standards that have been established by various governmental agencies and retirement requirements included in certain Company contracts, including contracts related to the leasing of certain of the Company’s properties. There are costs that will be incurred to satisfy these retirement requirements upon cessation of our operations. The Company records the fair value of these costs as an asset retirement obligation in its Consolidated Balance Sheet in the period in which the Company has both a legal obligation and an obligating event for the retirement of long-lived assets if it is probable, meaning it can reasonably be expected or believed, that such costs will be incurred and if the costs are reasonably estimable. A corresponding asset is also recorded and amortized over the life of the assets on a units-of-production or straight-line basis. After the initial measurement of the asset retirement obligation, this liability will be adjusted to reflect changes in the estimated costs or timing of the future cash flows underlying the obligation. Determination of any amounts included in the fair value of the asset retirement obligation can change periodically as the calculation of the fair value of the asset retirement obligation is based upon numerous estimates and assumptions, including, among others, future retirement costs, future inflation rate, and the Company’s credit-adjusted risk-free interest rate. The asset retirement obligation is classified as current or noncurrent based on the expected timing of expenditures. There are uncertainties associated with the nature, timing, and extent of costs associated with asset retirement obligations, including, among others, the extent of environmental contamination, revisions to laws and regulations by regulatory authorities, and changes in remediation technology. As a result, the ultimate cost as well as the timing of the retirement obligation could change in the future. The Company continually reviews its asset retirement obligations for indications that its asset retirement obligation cost or timing has changed and, when indications are present, recalculates its asset retirement obligation. Revenue Recognition Products consist primarily of the following:
| ☐ | Antimony: includes antimony oxide, antimony metal, and antimony trisulfide
| ☐ | Zeolite: includes coarse and fine zeolite crushed in various sizes
| ☐ | Precious Metals: includes unrefined and refined gold and silver
For antimony, zeolite, and precious metals products, revenue is recognized when the following have been satisfied: 1) the completion of the contractual performance obligations, in which rarely will there be more than one performance obligation, that being shipment of the specified quantity of the specified product per the customer’s sales order or similar document, 2) the amount of consideration or price for the transaction can be reasonably estimated, 3) legal title to and risk and rewards of ownership of the product are transferred to the customer, which typically occurs either upon shipment of the product from the Company’s warehouse locations or upon receipt of the product by the customer as specified in individual sales orders and/or shipping documents, 4) it is assessed as very unlikely product will be rejected by the customer, and 5) the Company has the right to payment for the product. Shipping costs related to sales of our products are recorded to cost of sales as incurred. For zeolite products, royalty expenses due to a third party by the Company are also recorded to cost of sales upon sale in accordance with terms of underlying royalty agreements. The Company has determined that its customer contracts do not include a significant financing component. Prepayments from customers, which are not common, received prior to satisfaction of revenue recognition criteria are recorded as deferred revenue. The Company does not have warranty obligations and sales returns have been historically immaterial. For precious metals sales, a provisional payment of 75% is typically received within 45 days of the date the product is delivered to the customer. After an exchange of assays, a final payment is normally received within 90 days of product delivery. Common Stock Issued for Consideration Other than Cash All transactions in which goods or services are received for the issuance of shares of the Company’s common stock are accounted for based on the fair value of the common stock issued, which is typically based on the trading price of the Company’s common shares on the date of the issuance. Treasury Stock When the Company’s stock is acquired, it is initially valued at cost and presented as treasury stock. Other than formal or constructive retirement or when ultimate disposition has not yet been decided, the cost of the acquired stock is presented as treasury stock separately as a deduction from the total of common stock, additional paid-in capital and accumulated deficit. Gains on sales of treasury stock not previously accounted for as constructively retired are credited to additional paid-in capital, and losses are charged to additional paid-in capital to the extent that previous net gains from sales or retirements of the same class of stock are included therein, with the remainder charged to accumulated deficit. When the Company's stock is purchased for constructive retirement, any excess purchase price over par value is allocated between additional paid-in capital to the extent that previous net gains from sales or retirements are included therein, and the remainder to accumulated deficit. Share-Based Compensation The Company’s share-based awards consist of restricted stock units (“RSUs”) and stock options granted to employees, consultants, and directors of the Company. RSUs are stock awards entitling the award recipient to a specified number of shares of the Company’s common stock as the award vests. Each RSU granted includes a service-based vesting condition. The Company calculates the fair value of RSUs on the grant date using the closing market price of the Company’s common stock on the grant date. The Company recognizes the grant date fair value of RSUs as share-based compensation expense ratably over the requisite service period, other than RSUs or portions of RSUs that vest on the grant date, in which case the grant date fair value of that RSU or portion of RSU is recognized as share-based compensation expense on the grant date. The Company recognizes forfeitures as they occur. Stock options grant award recipients the option to purchase a specified number of shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price per share specified in the grant agreement as the stock options vest. Stock option grants include either a service-based vesting condition or performance-based vesting conditions with a specified contractual term. The Company calculates the fair value of stock options on the grant date using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, which requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions, such as expected volatility, expected term, and risk-free interest rate. Service and performance conditions are not considered in determining the award’s fair value on the grant date. The Company recognizes share-based compensation expense related to stock option awards from the grant date through the vesting date. For service-based vesting stock option grants, the Company expenses the grant date fair value of the award ratably over the requisite service period. For performance-based vesting stock option grants, the Company expenses the grant date fair value of the award ratably from the grant date through the vesting date based on the probability and timing of achieving the performance conditions. The Company recognizes forfeitures as they occur. The expense related to employee and consultant share-based awards is recorded in “Salaries and benefits” and the expense related to director share-based awards is recorded in “General and administrative” in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Income Taxes The Company’s income tax expense and deferred tax assets and liabilities reflect the Company’s best assessment of estimated future taxes to be paid or refunded. Significant judgments and estimates are required in determining the consolidated income tax expense. Deferred income taxes arise from temporary differences between the tax and financial statement recognition of revenue and expense. In evaluating the Company’s ability to recover its deferred tax assets, the Company considers all available positive and negative evidence, including scheduled reversals of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, tax planning strategies and recent financial operations. In projecting future taxable income, the Company develops assumptions including the amount of future state and federal pretax operating income, the reversal of temporary differences, and the implementation of feasible and prudent tax planning strategies. These assumptions require significant judgment about the forecasts of future taxable income and the assumptions are consistent with the plans and estimates that the Company is using to manage its underlying businesses. The Company provides a valuation allowance for deferred tax assets that the Company does not consider more likely than not to be realized. Changes in tax laws and rates could also affect recorded deferred tax assets and liabilities in the future and are reflected on a prospective nature in the period of the enactment. The Company’s policy is to recognize interest and penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense. The Company evaluates its tax positions taken or expected to be taken while preparing its tax returns to determine whether the tax positions will more likely than not be sustained by the applicable tax authority. Tax positions not deemed to meet the more-likely-than-not threshold are not recorded as a tax benefit or expense in the current year. No reserve for uncertain tax positions has been recorded. Fair Value of Financial Instruments The Company’s financial instruments include cash and cash equivalents, certificates of deposits, restricted cash, and long-term debt. The carrying value of these instruments approximates fair value based on their contractual terms. Fair Value Measurements When required to measure assets or liabilities at fair value, the Company uses a fair value hierarchy based on the level of independent, objective evidence surrounding the inputs used. The Company determines the level within the fair value hierarchy in which the fair value measurements in their entirety fall. The categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Level 1 uses quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities, Level 2 uses significant other observable inputs, and Level 3 uses significant unobservable inputs. The amount of the total gains or losses for the period are included in earnings that are attributable to the change in unrealized gains or losses relating to those assets and liabilities still held at the reporting date. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company has no financial assets or liabilities that are adjusted to fair value on a recurring basis. Contingencies In determining accruals and disclosures with respect to loss contingencies, the Company evaluates such accruals and contingencies for each reporting period. Estimated losses from loss contingencies are accrued by a charge to income when information available prior to issuance of the financial statements indicates that it is probable that a liability could be incurred, and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. Legal expenses associated with the contingency are expensed as incurred. If a loss contingency is not probable or reasonably estimable, disclosure of the loss contingency is made in the financial statements when it is at least reasonably possible that a material loss could be incurred. New Accounting Pronouncements In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, amending reportable segment disclosure requirements to include disclosure of incremental segment information on an annual and interim basis. Among the disclosure enhancements are new disclosures regarding significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision-maker and included within each reported measure of segment profit or loss, as well as other segment items bridging segment revenue to each reported measure of segment profit or loss. The amendments in ASU 2023-07 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and for interim periods beginning January 1, 2025, and are applied retrospectively. The Company adopted this pronouncement for its fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 and applied it retrospectively. See Note 13 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report for further details. In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvement to Income Tax Disclosures, amending income tax disclosure requirements for the effective tax rate reconciliation and income taxes paid. The amendments in ASU 2023-09 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024 and are applied prospectively. Early adoption and retrospective application of the amendments are permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of this update on our consolidated financial statements and disclosures. In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses, which requires disclosure about the types of costs and expenses included in certain expense captions presented on the income statement. The new disclosure requirements are effective for the Company's annual periods for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted, and may be applied either prospectively or retrospectively. We are currently evaluating the ASU to determine its impact on our consolidated financial statements and disclosures. The Company does not believe that issued, but not yet effective, accounting pronouncements, if currently adopted, would have a material effect on the Company’s financial statements.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for the basis of presentation and significant accounting policies concepts. Basis of presentation describes the underlying basis used to prepare the financial statements (for example, US Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, Other Comprehensive Basis of Accounting, IFRS). Accounting policies describe all significant accounting policies of the reporting entity. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Topic 235 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/235/tableOfContent + Details
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