XML 53 R36.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.0.1
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Principles of Consolidation

Principles of Consolidation: The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Farmers National Banc Corp. (“Company”) and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, The Farmers National Bank of Canfield (“Bank” or “Farmers Bank”), Farmers Trust Company (“Farmers Trust”) and Farmers National Captive, Inc. (“Captive”). The consolidated financial statements also include the accounts of the Bank’s subsidiaries; Farmers National Insurance, LLC (“Farmers Insurance”) and Farmers of Canfield Investment Co. (“Farmers Investments”). The Company completed its acquisition of Emclaire Financial Corp., (“Emclaire”) on January 1, 2023 and has since included its results of operations in the Consolidated Statements of Income. Together all entities are referred to as “the Company.” All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Nature of Operations

Nature of Operations: The Company provides full banking services, including wealth management services and mortgage banking activity, through the Bank. As a national bank, the Bank is subject to regulation by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. The primary area served by the Bank is the northeastern region of Ohio and the western region of Pennsylvania, through sixty-four (64) locations. The Company provides trust services and retirement consulting services through its Farmers Trust subsidiary and insurance services through the Bank’s Insurance subsidiary. Farmers Trust has a state-chartered bank license to conduct trust business from the Ohio Department of Commerce – Division of Financial Institutions. The primary purpose of Farmers Investments is to invest in municipal securities. On November 20, 2023 the Captive entity was dissolved. Before its dissolution the Captive provided property and casualty insurance coverage to the Company and its subsidiaries. Captive pooled resources with eleven similar insurance subsidiaries of financial institutions to spread a limited amount of risk among the pool members and to provide insurance where not available or economically feasible.

Estimates

Estimates: The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Business Combinations

Business Combinations: Business combinations are accounted for by applying the acquisition method. As of acquisition date, the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed are measured at fair value and recognized separately from goodwill. Results of operations of the acquired entities are included in the consolidated statement of income from the date of acquisition.

Cash Flows

Cash Flows: Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, deposits with other financial institutions with maturities fewer than ninety (90) days, and federal funds sold. Generally, federal funds are purchased and sold for one-day periods. Net cash flows are reported for loan and deposit transactions, short-term borrowings and other assets and liabilities.

Securities

Securities: Debt securities classified as available for sale are those that could be sold for liquidity, investment management, or similar reasons, even though management has no present intentions to do so. Securities available for sale are carried at fair value, with unrealized holding gains and losses reported in other comprehensive income, net of tax. Equity securities with readily determinable fair values are carried at fair value, with changes in fair value reported in net income.

Interest income includes amortization of purchase premium or discount. Premiums and discounts on securities are amortized on the level-yield method without anticipating prepayments, except for mortgage backed securities where prepayments are anticipated. Premiums are amortized to the earliest call date. Purchases and sales are recorded on the trade date, with resulting gains and losses determined using the specific identification method.

A debt security is placed on non-accrual status at the time any principal or interest payments become 90 days delinquent. Interest accrued but not received for a security placed on non-accrual is reversed against income.

For available-for-sale debt securities in an unrealized loss position, the Company first assesses whether it intends to sell, or it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met, the security's amortized cost basis is written down to fair value through income. For debt securities available-for-sale that do not meet the aforementioned criteria, the Company evaluates whether the decline in fair value has resulted from credit losses or other factors. In making this assessment, management considers the extent to which fair value is less than amortized cost, any changes to the rating of the security by a rating agency, and adverse conditions specifically related to the security, among other factors. If this assessment indicates that a credit loss exists, the present value of cash flows expected to be collected from the security are compared to the amortized cost basis of the security. If the present value of cash flows expected to be collected is less than the amortized cost basis, a credit loss exists and an allowance for credit losses is recorded for the credit loss, limited by the amount that the fair value is less than the amortized cost basis. Any impairment that has not been recorded through an allowance for credit losses is recognized in other comprehensive income.

Changes in the allowance for credit losses are recorded as credit loss expense. Losses are charged against the allowance when management believes the uncollectibility of an available-for-sale security is confirmed or when either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met. As of December 31, 2023 the Company has not recorded an allowance for credit losses on available-for-sale securities.

Loans Held for Sale

Loans Held for Sale: Mortgage loans originated and intended for sale in the secondary market are carried at fair value, as determined by outstanding commitments from investors.

Mortgage loans held for sale are sold with or without servicing rights. Gains and losses on sales of mortgage loans are based on the difference between the selling price and the carrying value of the related loan sold.

Loans

Loans: Loans that management has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity or payoff are reported at the principal balance outstanding, net of deferred loan fees and costs, and an allowance for credit losses. Substantially all loans are secured by specific items of collateral including business assets, consumer assets, and commercial and residential real estate.

Interest income is accrued on the unpaid principal balance. Loan origination fees, net of certain direct origination costs, are deferred and recognized in interest income using the level yield method without anticipating prepayments. Interest income on mortgage and commercial loans is discontinued at the time the loan is 90 days delinquent unless the loan is well secured and in process of collection. Consumer loans are typically charged off no later than 120 days past due. Past due status is based on the contractual terms of the loan. In all cases, loans are placed on nonaccrual or charged-off at an earlier date if collection of principal or interest is considered doubtful. Nonaccrual loans and loans past due 90 days still on accrual include both smaller balance homogeneous loans that are collectively evaluated for impairment and individually evaluated loans.

For all classes of loans, when interest accruals are discontinued, interest accrued but not received is reversed against interest income. Interest on such loans is thereafter recorded on a cash-basis or cost-recovery method, until qualifying for return to accrual. Loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured.

Purchased Credit Dependent Loans

Purchased Credit Deteriorated Loans (PCD): The Company acquires loans individually and in groups or portfolios. At acquisition, the Company reviews each loan to determine whether there is evidence of more than insignificant deterioration of credit quality since origination. Loans having an aggregate commitment of $250 thousand or greater and exhibiting the following characteristics have evidence of more than insignificant deterioration.

The loan is 30 days past due or greater as of the acquisition date.
The loan originated as a pass rated credit and has since been downgraded to a criticized or classified credit as of the acquisition date.
The loan has a non-accrual status as of the acquisition date.

PCD loans are recorded at fair value. An allowance for credit losses ("ACL") is determined using the same methodology as other loans held for investment. The sum of the purchase price and ACL becomes its initial amortized

cost basis. The difference between the initial amortized cost basis and par value of the loan is a noncredit discount or premium which is amortized into interest income over the life of the loan. These loans are assessed on a regular basis and subsequent adjustments to the ACL are recorded on the statements of income.

Derivatives

Derivatives: Derivative financial instruments are recognized as assets or liabilities at fair value. The Company’s derivatives are interest-rate swaps and mortgage banking derivatives. These are used as part of the Company's asset and liability management strategy to aid in managing its interest rate risk position. The Company uses derivatives for balance sheet hedging purposes.

Concentration of Credit Risk

Concentration of Credit Risk: There are no significant concentrations of loans to any one industry or customer. However, most of the Company’s business activity is with customers located within Northeastern Ohio. Therefore, the Company’s exposure to credit risk is significantly affected by changes in the economy of an eleven county area. Loans secured by real estate represent 68.2% of the total portfolio and changes related to the real estate markets are monitored by management.

Allowance for Loan Losses

Allowance for Credit Losses: On January 1, 2021, the Company adopted the current expected credit loss model (“CECL”). This methodology for calculating the allowance for credit losses considers the expected loss over the life of the loan. It also considers historical loss rates and other qualitative adjustments, as well as a new forward-looking component that considers reasonable and supportable forecasts over the expected life of each loan. To develop the ACL estimate under the current expected loss model, the Company segments the loan portfolio into loan pools based on loan type and similar credit risk elements. The Company uses the cohort (“cohort”) and the probability of default/loss given default (“PD/LGD”) methodologies as described in the Credit Quality Indicators section of the loan footnote. Under ASC 326, if a loan does not share similar risk characteristics with loans in that pool, expected credit losses for that loan are evaluated individually. The Company has established specific thresholds for the loan portfolio that trigger when loans need to be evaluated individually. Including but not limited to commercial loans with an aggregate book balance of $500 thousand or greater, or consumer loans with book balance of $250 thousand or greater in which their payment of contractual principal balance and or interest is in doubt (nonaccrual status). In addition, ASC 326 requires the Company to establish a separate liability for anticipated credit losses for unfunded commitments.

Under CECL the credit loss estimation process involves procedures that consider the unique characteristics of the Company’s loan portfolio segments. These segments are disaggregated into the loan pools for monitoring. A model of risk characteristics, such as loss history and delinquency experience, trends in past due and non-performing loans, as well as existing economic conditions and supportable forecasts are used to determine credit loss assumptions.

The allowance for credit losses is measured on a collective (pool) basis when similar risk characteristics exist. The Company has identified the following portfolio segments and measures the ACL using the following methods:

Commercial Real Estate Owner-Occupied, nonfarm nonresidential properties – The Company originates mortgage loans to operating companies primarily in the northeastern region of Ohio and western region of Pennsylvania. Owner-occupied real estate properties primarily include retail buildings, medical buildings and industrial/warehouse space. Owner-occupied loans are typically repaid first by the cash flows generated by the borrower’s business operations. The primary risk characteristics are specific to the underlying business and its ability to generate sustainable profitability and positive cash flow. Factors that may influence a borrower's ability to repay their loan include demand for the business’ products or services, the quality and depth of management, the degree of competition, regulatory changes, and general economic conditions.

Commercial Real Estate Non-Owner Occupied, nonfarm nonresidential properties – The Company originates mortgage loans for commercial real estate that is managed as an investment property primarily in the northeastern region of Ohio and western region of Pennsylvania. Commercial real estate properties primarily include retail buildings/shopping centers, hotels, office/medical buildings and industrial/warehouse space. Increases in vacancy rates, interest rates or other changes in general economic conditions can have an impact on the borrower and its ability to repay the loan. Commercial real estate loans are generally considered to have a higher degree of credit risk as they may be dependent on the ongoing success and operating viability of a fewer number of tenants who are occupying the property and who may have a greater degree of exposure to economic conditions.

Farmland (including farm residential and other improvements) – The Company originates loans secured by farmland and improvements thereon, secured by mortgages. Farmland includes all land known to be used or usable for agricultural purposes, such as crop and livestock production. Farmland also includes grazing or pasture land, whether tillable or not and whether wooded or not. The primary risk characteristics are specific to the uncertainty on production, market, financial, environmental and human resources.

Commercial Real Estate Other – The Company originates mortgage loans for multifamily properties primarily in the northeastern region of Ohio and western region of Pennsylvania and construction loans to finance land development preparatory to erecting new structures or the on-site construction of industrial, commercial, or multi-family buildings. Multifamily loans are expected to be repaid from the cash flows of the underlying property so the collective amount of rents must be sufficient to cover all operating expenses, property management and maintenance, taxes and debt service. Increases in vacancy rates, interest rates or other changes in general economic conditions can have an impact on the borrower and its ability to repay the loan. Construction loans include not only construction of new structures, but also additions or alterations to existing structures and the demolition of existing structures to make way for new structures. Construction loans are generally secured by real estate. The primary risk characteristics are specific to the uncertainty on whether the construction will be completed according to the specifications and schedules. Factors that may influence the completion of construction may be customer specific, such as the quality and depth of property management, or related to changes in general economic conditions.

Commercial and Industrial – The Company originates lines of credit and term loans to operating companies for business purposes. The loans are generally secured by business assets such as accounts receivable, inventory, business vehicles and equipment. Commercial and Industrial loans are typically repaid first by the cash flows generated by the borrower’s business operations. The primary risk characteristics are specific to the underlying business and its ability to generate sustainable profitability and positive cash flow. Factors that may influence a borrower's ability to repay their loan include demand for the business’ products or services, the quality and depth of management, the degree of competition, regulatory changes, and general economic conditions. The ability of the Company to foreclose and realize sufficient value from business assets securing these loans is often uncertain. To mitigate the risk characteristics of commercial and industrial loans, commercial real estate may be included as a secondary source of collateral. The Company will often require more frequent reporting requirements from the borrower in order to better monitor its business performance. The Company also originates various types of loans made directly to municipalities and nonprofit organizations. These loans are repaid through general cash flows or through specific revenue streams and charitable contributions. The primary risk characteristics associated with municipal loans are the municipality's or nonprofit’s ability to manage cash flow, balance the fiscal budget, fixed asset and infrastructure requirements. Additional risks include changes in demographics, as well as social and political conditions.

Agricultural Production –The Company originates loans secured or unsecured to farm owners and operators for the purpose of financing agricultural production, including the growing and storing of crops, the marketing or carrying of agricultural products by the growers thereof, and the breeding, raising, fattening, or marketing of livestock, and for purchases of farm machinery, equipment, and implements. The primary risk characteristics are specific to the uncertainty on production, market, financial, environmental and human resources.

1-4 Family Residential Real Estate – The Company originates 1-4 family residential mortgage and construction loans primarily within the northeastern region of Ohio and western region of Pennsylvania. These loans are secured by first or second liens on a primary residence or investment property. The primary risk characteristics associated with residential mortgage loans typically involve major changes to the borrower, including unemployment or other loss of income; unexpected significant expenses, such as medical expenses, catastrophic events, divorce or death. Residential mortgage loans that have adjustable rates could expose the borrower to higher payments in a rising rate environment. Real estate values could decrease and cause the value of the underlying property to fall below the loan amount, creating additional potential loss exposure for the Company. Residential construction loans are exposed to uncertainty on whether the construction will be completed according to the specifications and schedules. Factors that may influence the completion of construction may be customer specific, or related to changes in general economic conditions.

Home Equity Lines of Credit – The primary risk characteristics associated with home equity lines of credit typically involve changes to the borrower, including unemployment or other loss of income; unexpected significant expenses, such as major medical expenses, catastrophic events, divorce and death. Home equity lines of credit are typically originated with variable or floating interest rates, which could expose the borrower to higher payments in a rising

interest rate environment. Real estate values could decrease and cause the value of the underlying property to fall below the loan amount, creating additional potential loss exposure for the Company.

Indirect Loans – The Company originates consumer loans extended for the purpose of purchasing new and used passenger cars and other vehicles such as minivans, vans, sport-utility vehicles, pickup trucks, recreational vehicles, and motorcycles for personal use. The primary risk characteristics associated with automobile loans typically involve major changes to the borrower, including unemployment or other loss of income, unexpected significant expenses, such as for major medical expenses, catastrophic events, divorce or death.

Consumer Direct – The Company originates loans to individuals for household, family, and other personal expenditures. Consumer loans generally have higher interest rates and shorter terms than residential loans but tend to have higher credit risk due to the type of collateral securing the loan or in some cases the absence of collateral. The primary risk characteristics associated with other consumer loans typically involve major changes to the borrower, including unemployment or other loss of income, unexpected significant expenses, such as for major medical expenses, catastrophic events, divorce or death.

Consumer Other – The Company originates lines of credit to individuals for household, family, and other personal expenditures. Consumer loans generally have higher interest rates and shorter terms than residential loans but tend to have higher credit risk due to the type of collateral securing the loan or in some cases the absence of collateral. The primary risk characteristics associated with other revolving loans typically involve major changes to the borrower, including unemployment or other loss of income, unexpected significant expenses, such as for major medical expenses, catastrophic events, divorce or death.

The Company uses two methodologies, the cohort and the PD/LGD, to analyze loan pools. Cohort relies on the creation of cohorts to capture loans that qualify for a particular segment, as of a point in time. Those loans are then tracked over their remaining lives to determine their loss experience. The Company aggregates financial assets on the basis of similar risk characteristics when evaluating loans on a collective basis. Those characteristics include, but aren’t limited to, internal or external credit score, risk ratings, financial asset, loan type, collateral type, size, effective interest rate, term, or geographical location. The Company uses cohort primarily for consumer loan portfolios.

The probability of default (“PD”) portion of PD/LGD is defined by the Company as 90 days past due, placed on non-accrual, or partially or wholly, charged-off. Typically, a one-year time period is used to asses PD. PD can be measured and applied using various risk criteria. Risk rating is one common way to apply PDs. Loss given default (“LGD”) is to determine the percentage of loss by facility or collateral type. LGD estimates can sometimes be driven, or influenced, by product type, industry or geography. The Company uses PD/LGD primarily for commercial loan portfolios.

A reassessment of the existing acquired loans occurred in the third quarter of 2021. This was to align with the calculation of the ACL being used under the CECL model. To the extent that any purchased loan is not specifically reviewed, such loan is assumed to have characteristics similar to the characteristics of the originated risk pools. The grade for each purchased loan without evidence of credit deterioration is reviewed subsequent to the date of acquisition any time a loan is renewed or extended or at any time information becomes available to the Company that provides material insight regarding the loan’s performance, the status of the borrower or the quality or value of the underlying collateral. To the extent that current information indicates it is probable that the Company will collect all amounts according to the contractual terms thereof, such loan is not individually considered in the determination of the required allowance for credit losses. To the extent that current information indicates it is probable that the Company will not be able to collect all amounts according to the contractual terms thereof, such loan is considered in the determination of the required level of allowance as a loan individually evaluated.

The ACL represents management’s estimate of expected credit losses in the Company’s loan portfolio at the balance sheet date. The Company estimates the ACL based on the amortized cost basis of the underlying loan and has made an accounting policy election to exclude accrued interest from the loan’s amortized cost basis and the related measurement of the ACL. Estimating the amount of the ACL is a function of a number of factors, including but not limited to changes in the loan portfolio, net charge-offs, trends in past due and nonaccrual loans, and the level of potential problem loans, all of which may be susceptible to significant change. While management uses the best information available to establish the allowance, future adjustments to the allowance may be necessary, which may

be material, if economic conditions differ substantially from the assumptions used in estimating the allowance. If additions to the original estimate of the allowance for credit losses are deemed necessary, they will be reported in earnings in the period in which they become reasonably estimable and probable. Allocations of the allowance may be made for specific loans, but the entire allowance is available for any loan that, in management’s judgment, should be charged-off.

The Company evaluates all loan restructurings according to the accounting guidance for loan modifications to determine if the restructuring results in a new loan or a continuation of the existing loan. Loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty that result in a direct change in the timing or amount of contractual cash flows include situations where there is principal forgiveness, interest rate reductions, other-than-insignificant payment delays, term extensions, and combinations of the listed modifications. Therefore, the disclosures related to loan restructurings are only for modifications that directly affect cash flows. Any restructuring of a loan in which the borrower has experienced financial difficulty and the terms of the loan are more favorable than would generally be considered for borrowers with the same credit characteristics would be individually evaluated. Otherwise, the restructured loan remains in the appropriate segment in the ACL model.

Servicing Rights

Servicing Rights: When mortgage loans are sold and servicing rights are retained, the servicing rights are initially recorded at fair value with the income statement effect recorded in gains on sales of loans. Fair value is based on market prices for comparable mortgage servicing contracts, when available, or alternatively, is based on a valuation model that calculates the present value of estimated future net servicing income. The valuation model incorporates assumptions that market participants would use in estimating future net servicing income, such as the cost to service, the discount rate, the custodial earnings rate, an inflation rate, ancillary income, prepayment speeds and default rates and losses. The Company compares the valuation model inputs and results to published industry data to validate the model results and assumptions. The fair value of the mortgage servicing rights as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 was $5.39 million and $5.28 million, respectively.

All classes of servicing assets are subsequently measured using the amortization method, which requires servicing rights to be amortized into non‑interest income in proportion to, and over the period of, the estimated future net servicing income of the underlying loans. Servicing assets are evaluated for impairment based upon the fair value of the assets compared to carrying amount. Any impairment is reported as a valuation allowance, to the extent that fair value is less than the capitalized amount for a grouping. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, there was a valuation allowance totaling $54 thousand and $17 thousand, respectively.

Servicing fee income is recorded when earned for servicing loans based on a contractual percentage of the outstanding principal or a fixed amount per loan. The amortization of mortgage servicing rights is netted against loan servicing fee income. Servicing fees, late fees and ancillary fees related to loan servicing are not considered significant for financial reporting.

Foreclosed Assets

Foreclosed Assets: Assets acquired through or in lieu of loan foreclosure are initially recorded at fair value less costs to sell, establishing a new cost basis. Physical possession of residential real estate property collateralizing a consumer mortgage loan occurs when legal title is obtained upon completion of foreclosure or when the borrow conveys all interest in the property to satisfy the loan through completion of a deed in lieu of foreclosure or a similar legal agreement. These assets are subsequently accounted for at lower of cost or fair value less estimated costs to sell. If fair value declines subsequent to foreclosure, a valuation allowance is recorded through expense. These assets are recorded in other assets on the balance sheets as other real estate owned (“OREO”). Operating costs after acquisition are expensed. The Company had $92 thousand of OREO recorded at December 31, 2023. There was zero recorded in 2022.

Premises and Equipment Premises and Equipment: Land is carried at cost. Premises and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation. Buildings and related components are depreciated using the straight-line method with useful lives ranging from 5 to 40 years. Furniture, fixtures and equipment are depreciated using the straight-line method with useful lives ranging from 3 to 10 years.
Leases

Leases: Leases are classified as operating or finance leases at the lease commencement date. The Company leases certain locations and equipment. The Company records leases on the balance sheet in the form of a lease liability for the present value of future minimum payments under the lease terms and a right-of-use asset equal to the lease liability

adjusted for items such as deferred or prepaid rent, lease incentives, and any impairment of the right-of-use asset. The discount rate used in determining the lease liability is based upon incremental borrowing rates the Company could obtain for similar loans as of the date of commencement or renewal.

Restricted Stock

Restricted Stock: The Bank is a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) system. Members are required to own a certain amount of stock based on the level of borrowings and other factors, and may invest in additional amounts. The Bank is also a member of and owns stock in the Federal Reserve Bank. These stocks are carried at cost, classified as restricted securities included in other investments, and periodically evaluated for impairment based on ultimate recovery of par value. Restricted stock totaled $20.2 million at December 31, 2023 and $18.2 million in 2022. Cash and stock dividends are reported as income.

Bank Owned Life Insurance

Bank Owned Life Insurance: The Company has purchased life insurance policies on certain key officers. Bank owned life insurance is recorded at the amount that can be realized under the insurance contract at the balance sheet date, which is the cash surrender value adjusted for other charges or other amounts due that are probable at settlement.

Long-term Assets

Long-term Assets: Premises and equipment and other long-term assets are reviewed for impairment when events indicate their carrying amount may not be recoverable from future undiscounted cash flows. If impaired, the assets are recorded at fair value.

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets: Goodwill resulting from a business combination is generally determined as the excess of the fair value of the consideration transferred over the fair value of the net assets acquired as of the acquisition date. Goodwill acquired in a business combination and determined to have an indefinite useful life is not amortized, but tested for impairment at least annually. The Company has selected September 30 as the date to perform the annual goodwill impairment tests associated with the acquisitions of Farmers Trust, Farmers Insurance and the recent Banking acquisitions. Intangible assets with finite useful lives are amortized over their estimated useful lives. Goodwill is the only intangible asset with an indefinite life on the balance sheet. Core deposit intangible assets arising from bank acquisitions are amortized over their estimated useful lives of 7 to 8 years. Non-compete contracts are amortized on a straight-line basis, over the term of the agreements. Customer relationship and trade name intangibles are amortized over a range of 13 to 15 years on an accelerated method.

Loan Commitments and Related Financial Instruments

Loan Commitments and Related Financial Instruments: Financial instruments include off-balance sheet credit instruments, such as commitments to make loans and commercial letters of credit, issued to meet customer financing needs. The face amount for these items represents the exposure to loss, before considering customer collateral or ability to repay. Such financial instruments are recorded when they are funded.

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-Based Compensation: Compensation cost is recognized for restricted stock awards issued to employees, based on the fair value of these awards at the date of grant. The market price of the Company’s common stock at the grant date is used for restricted stock awards. Compensation cost is recognized over the required service period, generally defined as the vesting period. For awards with graded vesting, compensation cost is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for the entire award.

Income Taxes

Income Taxes: Income tax expense is the total of the current year income tax due or refundable and the change in deferred tax assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are the expected future tax amounts for the temporary differences between carrying amounts and tax bases of assets and liabilities, computed using enacted tax rates. A valuation allowance, if needed, reduces deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.

A tax position is recognized as a benefit only if it is “more likely than not” that the tax position would be sustained in a tax examination, with a tax examination being presumed to occur. The amount recognized is the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized on examination. For tax positions not meeting the “more likely than not” test, no tax benefit is recorded.

The Company recognizes interest and/or penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense.

Retirement Plans

Retirement Plans: Employee 401(k) and profit sharing plan expense is the amount of matching and discretionary contributions. Deferred compensation and supplemental retirement plan expense allocates the benefits over years of service.

Earnings Per Common Share

Earnings per Common Share: Basic earnings per common share is net income divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per common share include the dilutive effect of additional potential common shares issuable under stock equity awards. Earnings and dividends per share are restated for all stock splits and stock dividends through the date of issuance of the financial statements.

Comprehensive Income

Comprehensive Income: Comprehensive income consists of net income and other comprehensive income (loss). Other comprehensive income (loss) consists of unrealized gains and losses on securities available for sale and changes in the funded status of the post-retirement plan, which are recognized as separate components of equity, net of tax effects.

Loss Contingencies

Loss Contingencies: Loss contingencies, including claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business, are recorded as liabilities when the likelihood of loss is probable and an amount or range of loss can be reasonably estimated. Management does not believe there are any matters currently that would have a material effect on the financial statements.

Restrictions on Cash

Restrictions on Cash: Cash on hand or on deposit with the Federal Reserve Bank (“FRB”) was required to meet regulatory reserve and clearing requirements.

Equity

Equity: Treasury stock is carried at cost.

Dividend Restriction

Dividend Restriction: Banking regulations require maintaining certain capital levels and may limit the dividends paid by the Bank and Farmers Trust to the holding company or by the holding company to shareholders.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair Value of Financial Instruments: Fair values of financial instruments are estimated using relevant market information and other assumptions as more fully disclosed in Note 7. Fair value estimates involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment regarding interest rates, credit risk, prepayments and other factors, especially in the absence of broad markets for particular items. Changes in assumptions or in market conditions could significantly affect these estimates.

Operating Segments

Operating Segments: Operations are managed and financial performance is primarily aggregated and reported in two lines of business, the Bank segment and Farmers Trust segment. The Company discloses segment information in Note 23.

Reclassification

Reclassification: Some items in the prior year financial statements were reclassified to conform to the current presentation. Reclassifications had no effect on prior year net income or stockholders' equity.

Newly Issued, Not Yet Effective Accounting Standards

Newly Issued, Not Yet Effective Accounting Standards:

On March 12, 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04 and amended by ASU 2021-01, Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting, to ease the burden of accounting for contract modifications related to reference rate reform. The amendments in ASU 2020-04 create a new Topic in the Codification, ASC 848, Reference Rate Reform, which contains guidance that is designed to simplify how entities account for contracts that are modified to replace LIBOR or other benchmark interest rates with new rates. The amendments in ASU 2020-04 give entities the option to apply expedients and exceptions to contract modifications that are made until December 31, 2022, if certain criteria are met. If adopted, these amendments and exceptions should be applied to all eligible modifications to contracts that are accounted for under an ASC Topic or industry Subtopic. The guidance in ASC 848 will not apply to any contract modifications made after December 31, 2022. The amendments in this update are elective and can be applied during the period of March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2022. In December 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-06 that defers the sunset date from December 31, 2022 to December 31, 2024. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material effect on the Company’s operating results or financial condition.