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Note 8 - Fair Value

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2025

Notes to Financial Statements

Fair Value Disclosures [Text Block]

Fair Value:

Fair value is the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date.

There are three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair values:

Level 1 – Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the entity has the ability to access as of the measurement date.

Level 2 – Significant other observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

Level 3 – Significant unobservable inputs that reflect a reporting entity’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.

The Company used the following methods and significant assumptions to estimate the fair value of each type of financial instrument:

Investment Securities

The Company uses a third party service to estimate fair value on available for sale securities on a monthly basis. The Company’s service provider uses a leading evaluation pricing service for U.S. domestic fixed income securities and values securities using exit pricing requirements. The Company independently corroborates the fair value received through this pricing service by obtaining the pricing through a second source at the end of each quarter. The fair values for investment securities, which consist of equity securities that are recorded at fair value to comply with exit pricing, are determined by quoted market prices in active markets, if available (Level 1). The equity securities change in fair value is recorded in the income statement. For securities where quoted prices are not available, fair values are calculated based on quoted prices for similar assets in active markets, quoted prices for similar assets in markets that are not active or inputs other than quoted prices, which provide a reasonable basis for fair value determination. Such inputs may include interest rates and yield curves, prepayment speeds, credit risks and default rates. The inputs used are principally derived from observable market data (Level 2). For securities where quoted prices or market prices of similar securities are not available, fair values are calculated using discounted cash flows or other market indicators (Level 3). The fair values of Level 3 investment securities are determined by using unobservable inputs to measure fair value of assets for which there is little, if any, market activity at the measurement date, using reasonable inputs and assumptions based on the best information at the time, to the extent that inputs are available without undue cost and effort.

At September 30, 2025, the Company determined that no securities had a fair value less than amortized cost that was as a result of credit deterioration as outlined in ASU 2016-13.

Loans Held For Sale, at Fair Value

The fair value of loans held for sale is estimated based upon binding contracts or quotes from third party investors (Level 2).

Mortgage Banking Derivatives

The fair value of mortgage banking derivatives are calculated using derivative valuation models that utilize quoted prices for similar assets adjusted for the specific attributes of the commitments and other observable market data at the valuation date (Level 2).

Loan Servicing Rights

Loan servicing rights are evaluated for impairment based upon the fair value of the rights as compared to the carrying amount at the end of each quarter. If the carrying amount of an individual tranche exceeds the fair value then an impairment is recorded on that tranche so that the servicing asset is carried at fair value. The calculation of the fair value is performed by an independent third party and the model uses factors such as the interest rate, prepayment speeds and other default rate assumptions that market participants would use in estimating the future net servicing income that can be validated against available market data (Level 2).

Interest Rate Swaps

The Company periodically enters into interest rate swap agreements with its commercial customers who desire a fixed rate loan term that is longer than the Company is willing to extend. The Company enters into a reciprocal swap agreement with a third party that offsets the interest rate risk from the interest rate extended to the customer. The fair value of these interest rate swap derivative instruments is calculated by an independent third party and are based upon valuation models that use observable market data as of the measurement date (Level 2).

The Company also entered into a fair value hedge to mitigate the risk of further interest rate increases and the subsequent impact on the valuation of the Company’s state and political subdivision municipal bond portfolio. The Company uses an independent third party to perform a market valuation analysis for this derivative (Level 2).

Collateral Dependent Loans

Fair value estimates of collateral dependent loans that are individually reviewed are based on the fair value of the collateral, less estimated costs to sell. Loans carried at fair value generally receive individual allocations of the allowance for credit losses in 2024 and 2025. For collateral dependent loans, fair value is commonly based on recent real estate appraisals or on quoted sales price in certain instances. Appraisals may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including comparable sales and the income approach. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process by the appraisers to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available. Adjustments to a quoted price are routinely made to factor in data that affect the marketability of the collateral. Such adjustments, in both instances, are usually significant and typically result in a Level 3 classification of the inputs for determining fair value. Non-real estate collateral may be valued using an appraisal, net book value per the borrower’s financial statements, or aging reports, adjusted or discounted based on management’s historical knowledge, changes in market conditions from the time of the valuation and management’s expertise and knowledge of the client and client’s business, resulting in a Level 3 fair value classification. These loans are evaluated on a quarterly basis and adjusted accordingly.

Other Real Estate Owned

Assets acquired through or instead of loan foreclosure are initially recorded at fair value less costs to sell when acquired, establishing a new cost basis. These assets are subsequently accounted for at lower of cost or fair value less estimated costs to sell. Fair values are commonly based on recent real estate appraisals. These appraisals may use a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including comparable sales and the income approach. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process by the independent appraisers to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available. Such adjustments are usually significant and typically result in a Level 3 classification of the inputs for determining fair value.

Appraisals for both collateral-dependent loans and other real estate owned are performed by certified general appraisers (for commercial and commercial real estate properties) or certified residential appraisers (for residential properties) whose qualifications and licenses have been reviewed and verified by the Company. Once received, a member of the Appraisal Department reviews the assumptions and approaches utilized in the appraisal as well as the overall resulting fair value in comparison with independent data sources such as recent market data or industry-wide statistics. On an annual basis, the Company compares the actual selling price of collateral that has been sold to the most recent appraised value to determine what adjustments should be made to appraisals to arrive at fair value.

Assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis are summarized below:

						Fair Value Measurements at September 30, 2025 Using:
						Quoted
						Prices in				Significant
						Active Markets				Other				Significant
						for Identical				Observable				Unobservable
		Carrying				Assets				Inputs				Inputs
(In Thousands of Dollars)		Value				(Level 1)				(Level 2)				(Level 3)
Financial Assets
Investment securities available-for sale
U.S. Treasury and U.S. government sponsored entities		$	94,952			$	0			$	94,952			$	0
State and political subdivisions			495,794				0				495,794				0
Corporate bonds			16,471				0				15,513				958
Mortgage-backed securities-residential			535,759				0				535,759				0
Collateralized mortgage obligations			156,652				0				156,652				0
Small Business Administration			2,138				0				2,138				0
Total investment securities		$	1,301,766			$	0			$	1,300,808			$	958
Equity securities			368				368				0				0
Loans held for sale			4,975				0				4,975				0
Interest rate swaps			1,075				0				1,075				0
Interest rate lock commitments			165				0				165				0
Forward sales contract			1				0				1				0
Financial Liabilities
Interest rate swaps			1,075				0				1,075				0
Fair value hedge derivative			542				0				542				0

						Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2024 Using:
						Quoted
						Prices in				Significant
						Active Markets				Other				Significant
						for Identical				Observable				Unobservable
		Carrying				Assets				Inputs				Inputs
(In Thousands of Dollars)		Value				(Level 1)				(Level 2)				(Level 3)
Financial Assets
Investment securities available-for sale
U.S. Treasury and U.S. government sponsored entities		$	115,107			$	0			$	115,107			$	0
State and political subdivisions			504,880				0				504,880				0
Corporate bonds			17,448				0				16,039				1,409
Mortgage-backed securities-residential			492,867				0				492,867				0
Collateralized mortgage obligations			133,776				0				133,776				0
Small Business Administration			2,475				0				2,475				0
Total investment securities			1,266,553				0				1,265,144				1,409
Equity securities			277				277				0				0
Loans held for sale			5,005				0				5,005				0
Interest rate swaps			3,766				0				3,766				0
Interest rate lock commitments			19				0				19				0
Forward sales contract			17				0				17				0
Financial Liabilities
Interest rate swaps			3,766				0				3,766				0
Fair value hedge derivative			168				0				168				0

There were no significant transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 during the periods presented above.

The table below presents a reconciliation of all assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3):

		Three Months ended								Nine Months Ended
		September 30,								September 30,
(In Thousands of Dollars)		2025				2024				2025				2024
Beginning Balance		$	1,419			$	1,397			$	1,409			$	1,340
Transfers between levels			0				0				0				0
Acquired and/or purchased			0				0				0				0
Discount accretion (premium amortization)			15				13				44				39
Repayments, calls and maturities			(430	)			0				(430	)			0
Changes in unrealized gains (losses)			(46	)			8				(65	)			39
Ending Balance		$	958			$	1,418			$	958			$	1,418

Assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis are summarized below:

						Fair Value Measurements at September 30, 2025 Using:
						Quoted
						Prices in				Significant
						Active Markets				Other				Significant
						for Identical				Observable				Unobservable
		Carrying				Assets				Inputs				Inputs
(In Thousands of Dollars)		Value				(Level 1)				(Level 2)				(Level 3)
Financial Assets
Individually evaluated loans
Commercial real estate
Non-owner occupied		$	14,014			$	0			$	0			$	14,014
Other			6,801				0				0				6,801
Commercial and industrial			2,165				0				0				2,165
1–4 family residential			760				0				0				760
Consumer indirect			35				0				0				35
Mortgage servicing rights			986				0				986				0

						Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2024 Using:
						Quoted
						Prices in				Significant
						Active Markets				Other				Significant
						for Identical				Observable				Unobservable
		Carrying				Assets				Inputs				Inputs
(In Thousands of Dollars)		Value				(Level 1)				(Level 2)				(Level 3)
Financial Assets
Individually evaluated loans
Commercial real estate
Non-owner occupied		$	7,286			$	0			$	0			$	7,286
Commercial and industrial			2,418				0				0				2,418
1–4 family residential			1,132				0				0				1,132
Mortgage servicing rights			403				0				403				0

The following table presents quantitative information about Level 3 fair value measurements for financial instruments measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis at the periods ended September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

									Range
					Valuation		Unobservable		(Weighted
September 30, 2025		Fair value			Technique(s)		Input(s)		Average)
Individually evaluated loans
Commercial real estate		$	20,815		Income Approach		Adjustment for difference between cap rates of comparable sales		(54.18%) - 64.63% (42.16%)
Commercial			2,165		Quoted price for collateral		Offer Price		10.09%
Residential			760		Sales comparison		Adjustment for differences between comparable sales		(19.40%) - 24.95% (10.22%)
Consumer indirect			35		Sales comparison		Adjustment for differences between comparable sales		(0.59%) - 0.59% 0.00%

									Range
					Valuation		Unobservable		(Weighted
December 31, 2024		Fair value			Technique(s)		Input(s)		Average)
Individually evaluated loans
Commercial real estate		$	7,286		Income approach		Adjustment for difference between cap rates of comparable sales		(56.03%) - 69.02% (40.71%)
Commercial			2,418		Quoted price for collateral		Offer Price		6.67%
Residential			1,132		Sales comparison		Adjustment for differences between comparable sales		(8.91%) - (6.22%) (7.16%)

The carrying amounts and estimated fair values of financial instruments not previously disclosed at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 are as follows:

						Fair Value Measurements at September 30, 2025 Using:
		Carrying
(In Thousands of Dollars)		Amount				Level 1				Level 2				Level 3				Total
Financial assets
Cash and cash equivalents		$	92,345			$	23,812			$	68,533			$	0			$	92,345
Restricted stock			27,469				n/a				n/a				n/a				n/a
Loans, net			3,298,252				0				0				3,210,416				3,210,416
Financial liabilities
Deposits			4,400,515				3,609,979				790,541				0				4,400,520
Short-term borrowings			235,000				0				235,000				0				235,000
Long-term borrowings			86,581				0				79,296				0				79,296

						Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2024 Using:
		Carrying
(In Thousands of Dollars)		Amount				Level 1				Level 2				Level 3				Total
Financial assets
Cash and cash equivalents		$	85,738			$	20,426			$	65,312			$	0			$	85,738
Restricted stock			30,669				n/a				n/a				n/a				n/a
Loans, net			3,232,483				0				0				3,082,292				3,082,292
Financial liabilities
Deposits			4,266,779				3,429,116				835,967				0				4,265,083
Short-term borrowings			305,000				0				305,000				0				305,000
Long-term borrowings			86,150				0				78,721				0				78,721

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The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

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