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Collaboration and License Agreements | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2022
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract] |
Collaboration and License Agreements | 8. Collaboration and License Agreements The following table summarizes the revenue by collaboration partner:
|  | Year Ended December 31, |
|  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
|  | (in thousands) |
AbbVie |  | $ | 18,563 |  |  | $ | 11,546 |
Amgen |  |  | 4,967 |  |  |  | 8,488 |
Astellas |  |  | 20,491 |  |  |  | 17,278 |
Bristol Myers Squibb |  |  | 9,142 |  |  |  | - |
Total revenue |  | $ | 53,163 |  |  | $ | 37,312 |
AbbVie Ireland Unlimited Company In April 2016, the Company and AbbVie entered into two agreements, a CD71 Co-Development and Licensing Agreement (the “CD71 Agreement”) and a Discovery Collaboration and Licensing Agreement (as amended and restated in June 2019, the “Discovery Agreement” and together with the CD71 Agreement the “AbbVie Agreements”). Under the terms of the CD71 Agreement, the Company and AbbVie were co-developing a conditionally activated antibody-drug conjugate (“ADC”) against CD71, with the Company being responsible for preclinical and early clinical development. AbbVie was to be responsible for later development and commercialization, with global late-stage development costs shared between the two companies. The Company was to assume 35% of the net profits or net losses related to later development and commercialization unless it opted-out. Under the Agreement, if the Company was to opt-out from participation of co-development of the CD71 conditionally activated ADC, which included CX-2029, AbbVie would have had the sole right and responsibility for the further development, manufacturing and commercialization of such CD71 conditionally activated ADC. Under the CD71 Agreement, the Company received an upfront payment of $20.0 million in April 2016, and was eligible to initially receive up to $470.0 million in development, regulatory and commercial milestone payments, a 35% profit split on U.S. sales, and royalties on ex-U.S. sales at percentages in the high teens to low twenties if the Company participated in the co-development of the CD71 conditionally activated ADC subject to a reversion to a royalty on U.S. sales, and reduction in royalties on ex-U.S. sales, if the Company opted-out from the co-development of the CD71 conditionally activated ADC. The Company’s share of later stage co-development costs for each CD71 conditionally activated ADC would have been capped, provided that AbbVie could have offset the Company’s co-development cost above the capped amounts from future payments such as milestone payments and royalties. In July 2017, the Company received a milestone payment of $14.0 million (net of payment of an associated sublicense fee of $1.0 million to Seagen Inc., formerly Seattle Genetics, Inc. (“SGEN”) under the Seattle Genetics Agreement) from AbbVie for achieving certain milestones required to be met to begin GLP toxicology studies under the CD71 Agreement. AbbVie had entered into a license agreement with SGEN to license certain intellectual property rights pursuant to which the Company was required to pay SGEN sublicense fees for certain milestone achievements and an annual maintenance fee. These sublicense fees were treated as reductions to the transaction price and combined with the performance obligation to which they relate. In May 2018, the United States Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) cleared the IND application for CX-2029. As a result, the Company achieved the IND success criteria under the CD71 Agreement and received a $21.0 million milestone payment (net of the payment of an associated sublicense fee of $4.0 million to SGEN). In March 2020, the Company earned a $40.0 million milestone payment for satisfying the CD71 dose escalation success criteria under the CD71 Agreement. Inclusive of 2017, 2018 and 2020 milestone payments, as of December 31, 2022, the Company has received in aggregate $100.0 million in upfront and milestone payments under the CD71 Agreement. In March 2023, the Company announced that it will evaluate the potential next steps for CX-2029 following the decision from its collaboration partner, AbbVie, Inc., to not advance CX-2029 into additional clinical studies. As a result of AbbVie’s decision, the 2016 CD71 License and Collaboration Agreement has been terminated and the Company has an exclusive option to re-acquire full rights to CX-2029. Under the terms of the Discovery Agreement, AbbVie received exclusive worldwide rights to develop and commercialize conditionally activated ADCs against up to two targets, one of which was selected in March 2017. AbbVie had the option to select a second target in exchange for a $10.0 million payment. The Company concluded that, at the inception of the agreement, AbbVie’s option to select the additional target was not a material right and did not represent a performance obligation of the agreement and would be accounted for as a separate arrangement upon exercise. The Company shall perform research services to discover the Probody therapeutics and create conditionally activated ADCs for the nominated collaboration targets. From that point, AbbVie shall have sole right and responsibility for development and commercialization of products comprising or containing such conditionally activated ADCs (“Discovery Licensed Products”). Under the Discovery Agreement, the Company received an upfront payment of $10.0 million for the first target in April 2016 and subsequently received an additional $10.0 million payment triggered by selection of the second target by AbbVie in June 2019. The second target was selected under the Discovery Agreement that allowed AbbVie to select a target for developing a conditionally activated ADC or a Probody. As of December 31, 2022, the research on the two discovery targets has concluded with no plans to advance the discovery targets into clinical studies or to pursue new programs. As a result, the Discovery Agreement has been terminated and all target rights will revert back to CytomX. The Company determined that the AbbVie Agreements should be combined and evaluated as a single arrangement in determining revenue recognition, because both agreements were concurrently negotiated and executed. Therefore, the Company concluded that there are two distinct performance obligations: (1) the CD71 Agreement performance obligation consisting of the CD71 Agreement research, development and commercialization license, related research services and participation in the joint research committee, and (2) the Discovery Agreement performance obligation consisting of the Discovery Agreement research, development and commercialization license, related research services and participation in the joint research committee. The total transaction price for the Discovery Agreement and CD71 Agreement, collectively, upon adoption of ASC 606 on January 1, 2018 of $39.8 million consists of $30.0 million in upfront payments, and a $14.0 million milestone payment received under the CD71 Agreement (net of the payment of an associated sublicense fee of $1.0 million to SGEN), less $4.2 million of estimated sublicense fees. The upfront payments under the AbbVie Agreements were allocated between the two performance obligations based on the estimated relative standalone selling prices. The $30.0 million of upfront payments was allocated $20.0 million to the CD71 Agreement, with the remaining $10.0 million allocated to the Discovery Agreement. The $14.0 million milestone payment received (net of the payment of an associated sublicense fee of $1.0 million to SGEN) and the estimated sublicense fees of $4.2 million were allocated to the CD71 Agreement performance obligation as they are directly related to the development of the CX-2029. Therefore, of the $39.8 million total initial transaction price discussed above, the Company allocated $29.8 million to the CD71 Agreement performance obligation and $10.0 million to the Discovery Agreement performance obligation and recognized revenue using an input measure for each performance obligation. In applying the input method, revenue is recognized based on actual full time employee ("FTE") hours incurred as a percentage of total estimated FTE hours for completing the combined performance obligation over the estimated service period. The Company evaluates the measure of progress each reporting period and, if necessary, adjusts the measure of performance and related revenue recognition. The Company updated the transaction price for the CD71 Agreement performance obligation in May 2018, to include achievement of the $21.0 million milestone (net of the payment of an associated sublicense fee of $4.0 million to SGEN) and a revenue adjustment of $9.9 million was recognized in the second quarter of 2018 reflecting the percentage completed to-date on the project related to this milestone. The transaction price was updated again in March 2020 upon achievement of the $40.0 million milestone related to satisfaction of the CD71 dose escalation success criteria and $26.6 million was recognized as revenue related to this milestone reflecting the percentage completed to-date on the project as of March 2020. As of December 31, 2022, the research service period for the CD71 Agreement performance obligation is projected to end in September 2023. As of December 31, 2022, the Company had completed its performance obligation for the first target related to the Discovery Agreement. I n June 2019, the Company received a $10.0 million payment for the second target selected by AbbVie under the Discovery Agreement. The $10.0 million payment was recognized as a separate contract using the input method based on FTE hours incurred as a percentage of total estimated FTE hours for completing the related obligation over the estimated research service period of five years. In December 2022, the Company completed the performance obligation for this second target earlier than the original research term projected to end in 2024 and recorded a cumulative change in estimate of $4.4 million. The Company determined that the remaining potential milestone payments of AbbVie agreements, if recognized, are probable of significant revenue reversal as their achievement is highly dependent on factors outside the Company’s control. Therefore, these payments continue to be fully constrained and are not included in the transaction price as of December 31, 2022. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, deferred revenue related to the CD71 Agreement performance obligation was $4.0 million and $16.1 million, respectively, and deferred revenue related to the Discovery Agreement performance obligation was $0.0 million and $6.5 million, respectively. Amgen, Inc. On September 29, 2017, the Company and Amgen, Inc. (“Amgen”) entered into a Collaboration and License Agreement (the “Amgen Agreement”). Pursuant to the Amgen Agreement, the Company received an upfront payment of $40.0 million in October 2017. Concurrent with the Amgen Agreement, the Company and Amgen entered into a Share Purchase Agreement pursuant to which Amgen purchased 1,156,069 shares of the Company’s common stock at a price of $17.30 per share for total proceeds of $20.0 million. In October 2021, CytomX and Amgen executed an amendment to the Amgen Agreement primarily to (1) extend the target selection date for Amgen to select its additional targets for research and development, and (2) reduce the total number of milestone events and increase the total amount of milestone payments for EGFR Products. Under the terms of the Amgen Agreement, as amended, the Company and Amgen will co-develop a conditionally activated T-cell engaging bispecific therapeutic targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (the “EGFR Products”). The Company is responsible for early-stage development of EGFR Products and Amgen will be responsible for late-stage development and commercialization of EGFR Products. Following early-stage development, the Company will have the right to elect to participate financially in the global co-development of EGFR Products with Amgen, during which the Company would bear certain of the worldwide development costs for EGFR Products and Amgen would bear the rest of such costs (the “EGFR Co-Development Option”). If the Company exercises its EGFR Co-Development Option, the Company will share in somewhat less than 50% of the profit and losses from sales of such EGFR Products in the U.S., subject to certain caps, offsets, and deferrals. If the Company chooses not to exercise its EGFR Co-Development Option, the Company will not bear any costs of later stage development. The Company is also eligible to receive up to $460.0 million in development, regulatory, and commercial milestone payments for EGFR Products, and royalties in the low-double-digit to mid-teen percentage of worldwide commercial sales, provided that if the Company exercises its EGFR Co-Development option, it shall receive a profit and loss split of sales in the United States and royalties in the low-double-digit to mid-teen percentage of commercial sales outside of the United States. In January 2022, the IND for the EGFR product (CX-904) was allowed to proceed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”). Amgen also has the right to select a total of up to three targets, including the two additional targets discussed below. The Company and Amgen collaborate in the research and development of conditionally activated T-cell engaging bispecifics products directed against such targets. Amgen has selected one such target (the “Amgen Other Product”). If Amgen exercises its option within a specified period of time, it can select two such additional targets (the “Amgen Option Products” and, together with the Amgen Other Product, the “Amgen Products”). Except with respect to preclinical activities to be conducted by CytomX, Amgen will be responsible, at its expense, for the development, manufacture, and commercialization of all Amgen Products. If Amgen exercises all of its options and advances all three of the Amgen Products, CytomX was initially eligible to receive up to $950.0 million in upfront, development, regulatory, and commercial milestones and tiered high single-digit to low-teen percentage royalties. The Company concluded that, at the inception of the agreement, Amgen’s option to select the two additional targets is not a material right and does not represent a performance obligation of the agreement. At the initiation of the collaboration, CytomX had the option to select from programs specified in the Amgen Agreement, an existing preclinical stage T-cell engaging bispecific product from the Amgen preclinical pipeline. In March 2018, CytomX selected the program. CytomX is responsible, at its expense, for converting this program to a conditionally activated T-cell engaging bispecific product, and thereafter, will be responsible for development, manufacturing, and commercialization of the product (“CytomX Product”). Amgen is eligible to receive up to $203.0 million in development, regulatory, and commercial milestone payments for the CytomX Product, and tiered mid-single digit to low double-digit percentage royalties. The Company considered the criteria for combining contracts in ASC 606 and determined that the Amgen Agreement and the Purchase Agreement should be combined into one contract. The Company accounted for the Amgen Agreement based on the fair values of the assets and services exchanged. For each of the EGFR Products and the Amgen Other Products, the Company determined that the respective promised goods and services identified, which are the research, development and commercialization license; the related research and development services and the participation in the joint steering committee and joint research committee, are not distinct. Therefore the identified promised goods and services were combined into one single performance obligation for each of the EGFR Product and the Amgen Other Products. Furthermore, the Amgen Other Products are accounted for as a separate performance obligation from the EGFR Products as the nature of the services being performed is not the same and the value that Amgen can derive from one program is not dependent on the success of the other. The Company evaluates the measure of progress each reporting period using the input method and, if necessary, adjusts the measure of performance and related revenue recognition. Concurrent with the execution of the Amgen Agreement, the Company entered into a sublicense agreement whereby the Company granted Amgen a sublicense of its rights to one patent family that it co-owns with UCSB, that is exclusively licensed to the Company under the UCSB Agreement covering Probody antibodies and other pro-proteins in the fields of therapeutics, in vivo diagnostics and prophylactics. This sublicense was incremental to the patents, patent applications and know-how covering conditionally activated T-cell engaging bispecific molecules that were developed and owned by the Company and licensed to Amgen. Under the UCSB Agreement, as amended, the Company is obligated to make a sublicense payment to UCSB equal to up to 7.5% of certain upfront and milestone payments owed to or received by the Company. The total transaction price of $51.2 million, consisting of the $40.0 million upfront payment, an estimated fair value of $10.7 million for the CytomX Product and $0.5 million of premium on the sale of the Company’s common stock, was allocated between the two performance obligations based on the relative standalone selling price of each performance obligation. To determine the standalone selling price, the Company used the discounted cash flow method by calculating risk-adjusted net present values of estimated cash flows. The Company determined that the remaining potential milestone payments were fully constrained due to the uncertainty in achieving them as of December 31, 2022. Of the $51.2 million total transaction price, the Company allocated $46.4 million to the EGFR Products performance obligation and $4.8 million to the Amgen Other Product performance obligations. The transaction price of each performance obligation was recognized using an input measure. In applying the input method of revenue recognition, the Company uses actual FTE hours incurred relative to estimated total FTE hours expected to be incurred for each combined performance obligation over the research service period. At the end of the second quarter of 2019, the Company determined that it would undertake additional testing and assessment of the molecules being evaluated under the EGFR project. As a result, the estimated FTE hours-to-completion and research service period related to the EGFR project were increased to eight years. In the second quarter of 2020, the Company completed the clinical candidate characterization phase and moved into the IND-enabling phase earlier than planned. As a result, the estimated FTE hours-to-completion and research service period related to the EGFR project were decreased from eight to approximately seven years. In the third quarter of 2022, the FDA initiated Project Optimus which is aimed to reform the dose optimization and dose selection paradigm. As a result, the estimated FTE hours-to-completion and research service period were increased by approximately an additional year. The $4.8 million transaction price allocated to the Amgen Other Product performance obligation is recognized using estimated FTE hours-to-completion over the estimated research service period of six years. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021 deferred revenue related to the EGFR Products performance obligation was $18.0 million and $21.8 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, deferred revenue related to the Amgen Other Products performance obligation was $0.6 million and $1.8 million, respectively. Astellas Pharma Inc. The Company and Astellas Pharma, Inc. (“Astellas”) entered into a Collaboration and License Agreement (the “Astellas Agreement”) on March 23, 2020, the effective date, to collaborate on preclinical research activities to discover and develop certain antibody compounds for the treatment of cancer using the Company’s Probody therapeutic technology. Under the terms of the Astellas Agreement, the Company granted Astellas an exclusive, worldwide right to develop and commercialize Probody therapeutics for up to four collaboration targets including one initial target and three additional targets (“Additional Targets”). In addition, Astellas has the right to expand the number of Additional Targets from three up to five (the “Expansion Option”) before the third anniversary of the effective date. Furthermore, for a specified number of targets, at a pre-specified time prior to the initiation of the first pivotal study of a product against such target, the Company may elect to participate in certain development costs and share in the profits generated in the United States with respect to such product (“Cost Share Option”). The Cost Share Option, if exercised, will also provide the option for the Company to co-commercialize such product in the United States. The Company does not consider the Cost Share Option as a performance obligation at the inception of the agreement as the participation is at the Company’s discretion. Pursuant to the Astellas Agreement, the consideration from Astellas is comprised of an upfront fee of $80.0 million and contingent payments for development, regulatory and sales milestones of up to an aggregate of approximately $1.6 billion. If Astellas exercises its Expansion Option for Additional Targets, the Company would be eligible to receive additional upfront and milestone payments aggregating to approximately $0.9 billion. The Company is also entitled to tiered royalties from high-single digit to mid-teen percentage royalties from potential future sales. Astellas is responsible for all preclinical research costs incurred by either party as set forth in the preclinical research plan and the Company will receive research and development service fees based on a prescribed FTE rate. The Company determined that the license and expertise related to the development of product candidates should be combined with the research and development services and participation in the joint research committee as one combined performance obligation for each collaboration target. The Company concluded, that at the inception of the agreement, Astellas’ Expansion Option for Additional Targets were not material rights and therefore not considered performance obligations. As such, each option would have been accounted for as a separate arrangement upon exercise. The initial transaction price of $103.2 million consists of the upfront fee of $80.0 million and estimated research and development fees of $23.2 million. The transaction price was allocated between the four performance obligations based on the relative standalone selling price of each performance obligation, which was deemed to be equal at the inception of the agreement. The Company determined that all potential milestone payments are constrained as of December 31, 2022 due to the significant uncertainty of achievement. The transaction price, as allocated to the combined performance obligation for each target, is recognized using an input measure. In applying the input method of revenue recognition, the Company uses actual FTE hours incurred relative to estimated total FTE hours expected to be incurred over the estimated research service period of each target. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, deferred revenue relating to the Astellas Agreement was $44.5 million and $60.3 million, respectively. The amount due from Astellas under the Astellas Agreement was $1.0 million and $0.8 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Bristol Myers Squibb Company On May 23, 2014, the Company and Bristol Myers Squibb Company (“Bristol Myers Squibb”) entered into a Collaboration and License Agreement (the “BMS Agreement”) to discover and develop compounds for use in human therapeutics aimed at multiple immuno-oncology targets using the Company’s Probody therapeutic technology. The effective date of the BMS Agreement was July 7, 2014. Under the terms of the BMS Agreement, the Company granted Bristol Myers Squibb exclusive worldwide rights to develop and commercialize Probody therapeutics for up to four oncology targets. Bristol Myers Squibb had additional rights to substitute up to two collaboration targets within three years of the effective date of the BMS Agreement. These rights expired in May 2017. Each collaboration target had a two-year research term and the two additional targets had to be nominated by Bristol Myers Squibb within five years of the effective date of the BMS Agreement. The research term for each collaboration target could be extended in one year increments up to three times. Pursuant to the BMS Agreement, the financial consideration from Bristol Myers Squibb was comprised of an upfront payment of $50.0 million and estimated research and development service fees, and the Company was initially entitled to receive contingent payments of up to $25.0 million for additional targets and contingent payments for development, regulatory and sales milestones. In addition, the Company was entitled to royalty payments in the mid-single digits to low double-digit percentages from potential future sales. On March 17, 2017, the Company and Bristol Myers Squibb entered into Amendment Number 1 to Extend Collaboration and License Agreement (“Amendment 1”). Amendment 1 granted Bristol Myers Squibb exclusive worldwide rights to develop and commercialize Probody therapeutics for up to eight additional targets. The effective date of Amendment 1 was April 25, 2017 (“Amendment Effective Date”). Under the terms of Amendment 1, the Company continued to have obligations to Bristol Myers Squibb to discover and conduct preclinical development of Probody therapeutics against any targets they chose to select during the research period under the terms of Amendment 1. Pursuant to Amendment 1, the financial consideration from Bristol Myers Squibb was comprised of an upfront payment of $200.0 million, estimated research and development service fees, and contingent payments for development, regulatory and sales milestones for the eight targets. The Company was also entitled to tiered mid-single to low double-digit percentage royalties from potential future sales. Amendment 1 did not change the term of Bristol Myers Squibb’s royalty obligation under the BMS Agreement. Bristol Myers Squibb’s royalty obligation continues on a licensed-product by licensed-product basis until the later of (i) the expiration of the last claim of the licensed patents covering the licensed products in the country, (ii) the twelfth anniversary of the first commercial sale of a licensed product in a country, or (iii) the expiration of any applicable regulatory, pediatric, orphan drug or data exclusivity with respect to such product. The Company elected the practical expedient related to contract modifications upon adoption of ASC 606 and combined the original agreement and Amendment 1. The Company determined that the identified promised goods and services which include the exclusive research, development and commercialization license, the related research services and expertise for the development of the product candidates should be combined with the participation in the joint research committee as one combined performance obligation for each collaboration target. The Company also concluded that, at the inception of the agreement, Bristol Myers Squibb’s options for the third and fourth targets were material rights and performance obligations. As such, the material rights were accounted for as part of the initial transaction price. The Company received an upfront payment of $50.0 million from Bristol Myers Squibb in July 2014. In January and December 2016, Bristol Myers Squibb exercised the option to select the third and fourth targets, and paid the Company $10.0 million and $15.0 million, respectively, pursuant to the terms of the BMS Agreement. In December 2016, Bristol Myers Squibb selected a clinical candidate pursuant to the BMS Agreement, which triggered a $2.0 million pre-clinical milestone payment to the Company. In November 2017, the Company recognized a $10.0 million milestone payment from Bristol Myers Squibb upon approval of the investigational new drug application for the CTLA-4-directed Probody therapeutic. The initial transaction price for the BMS Agreement and Amendment 1, collectively, was $304.7 million consisting of the upfront fees of $250.0 million, target selection fees for the third and fourth targets of $25.0 million, estimated research and development service fees of $17.7 million and milestone payments received up to January 1, 2018, of $12.0 million. The Company determined that the remaining potential milestone payments were probable of significant revenue reversal as their achievement was highly dependent on factors outside the Company’s control. Therefore, these payments were fully constrained and were not included in the transaction price upon the adoption of ASC 606 on January 1, 2018. The initial transaction price for the combined obligation for each collaboration target is recognized using an input measure. In applying the input method of revenue recognition, the Company uses actual FTE hours incurred relative to estimated total FTE hours expected to be incurred for each combined performance obligation over the estimated research service period of each collaboration target. During the first quarter of 2019, Bristol Myers Squibb terminated pre-clinical activities on three of the first four collaboration targets selected under the original 2014 BMS Agreement. The Company determined that upon the termination of pre-clinical activities on the three collaboration targets, it has no further obligations related to such targets. The Company accounted for the termination of the three targets as a modification and the related remaining unrecognized transaction price was reallocated to the remaining performance obligations. The Company continues to be obligated to perform research work under Amendment 1 executed in March 2017. In February 2020, Bristol Myers Squibb dosed the first patient in the Part 2 cohort expansion portion of its ongoing BMS-986249 clinical study for the CTLA-4 program, which triggered a $10.0 million milestone payment to the Company pursuant to the terms of the BMS Agreement. The $10.0 million milestone payment was recognized as revenue in the first quarter of 2020 as the Company had completed its performance obligation related to this collaboration target. In February 2021, the Company and Bristol Myers Squibb entered into Amendment Number 2 to amend the Collaboration and License Agreement (“Amendment 2”), as amended by Amendment 1. Subsequent to Amendment 2, in addition to Bristol Myers Squibb’s ongoing development of the CTLA-4 program, Bristol Myers Squibb also had the exclusive worldwide rights to develop and commercialize Probody therapeutics for up to five oncology targets. Under the terms of Amendment 2, the period for target selection was extended and the Company will continue to collaborate with Bristol Myers Squibb to discover and conduct preclinical development of Probody therapeutics against targets selected by Bristol Myers Squibb over the estimated research period, which is projected to end in April 2025. Pursuant to Amendment 2, the Company was eligible to receive contingent payments for development, regulatory and sales milestones. It is also entitled to tiered mid-single to low double-digit percentage of royalties from potential future sales. The Company accounted for Amendment 2 as a modification and reallocated the remaining unrecognized transaction price to the remaining performance obligations. In October 2022, the Company and Bristol Myers Squibb entered into Amendment Number 3 to amend the Collaboration and License Agreement (“Amendment 3”), as amended by Amendment 1 and Amendment 2, to clarify the rights and restrictions of certain new proprietary antibodies that the parties exchanged. There were no substantive changes to each party's performance obligations. As of December 31, 2022, the Company is eligible for up to approximately $2.1 billion in contingent payments for development, regulatory and sales milestones based on the ongoing collaboration projects, including the CTLA-4 program, with BMS. The Company reevaluated the remaining potential milestone payments and determined that significant revenue reversal was probable as the achievement of such milestones was highly dependent on factors outside the Company’s control. As a result, these payments continued to be fully constrained and were not included in the transaction price on December 31, 2022. As of December 31, 2022, the Company has received in aggregate $297.0 million in upfront and milestone payments under the agreement. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, deferred revenue relating to the BMS Agreement was $169.2 million and $178.3 million, respectively. ModernaTX, Inc. The Company and ModernaTX, Inc. (“Moderna”) entered into a Collaboration and License Agreement (the “Moderna Agreement”) on December 30, 2022, the effective date, to collaborate on discovery and preclinical research and development activities to create investigational messenger RNA (mRNA) based conditionally activated therapies using the Company’s Probody therapeutic technology. Moderna is solely responsible for the development (preclinical and clinical), manufacture, and commercialization of any products under the Moderna Agreement. Under the terms of the Moderna Agreement, the Company granted Moderna an exclusive, worldwide right to develop and commercialize Probody therapeutics for three collaboration programs. In exchange, the Company received an upfront payment of $35.0 million in January 2023, including $5.0 million of prepaid research funding. The Company will continue to receive research funding according to the preclinical research work plans based on a prescribed FTE rate and is eligible to receive up to approximately $1.2 billion in future development, regulatory, and commercial milestone payments. The Company is also eligible to receive tiered royalties from high-single digit to low-teen percentage rates of annual global net sales of any products that are commercialized under the Moderna Agreement. The Moderna Agreement also provides Moderna with an option to participate in a future equity financing by CytomX at market price, subject to certain terms, conditions and regulatory requirements. The Company determined that each collaboration program was a distinct performance obligation consisting of the exclusive research, development and commercialization license, research services, and participation in the joint steering committee. The initial transaction price is $51.7 million, consisting of the upfront fee of $30.0 million and estimated research funding of $21.7 million from Moderna. The initial transaction price excludes milestone payments as the achievement of such milestones is dependent on factors outside of the Company’s control and recognition would be probable of significant revenue reversal. As such, the milestones are fully constrained at the inception of the contract. The Company will re-evaluate the transaction price at each reporting date or as uncertain events are resolved or other changes in circumstances occur. The transaction price at the contract inception was allocated among the performance obligations using the SSP of each performance obligation, which was determined to be equal due to the early stage of the collaboration programs. The transaction price allocated to the collaboration programs is recognized using an input method. In applying the input measure of revenue recognition, the Company uses actual FTE hours incurred relative to estimated total FTE hours expected to be incurred for the respective collaboration program over an estimated service period of four years. As of December 31, 2022, the Company recorded a receivable and corresponding deferred revenue of $35.0 million relating to the upfront payment and prepaid research funding under the Moderna Agreement, which was received in January 2023. No revenue was recognized for the year ended December 31, 2022. Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. The Company and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc. (“Regeneron”) entered into a Collaboration and License Agreement (the “Regeneron Agreement”) on November 16, 2022, to collaborate on creation of conditionally-activated investigational bispecific cancer therapies utilizing the Company’s Probody® therapeutic platform and Regeneron’s Veloci-Bi® bispecific antibody development platform. The Company and Regeneron will collaborate on preclinical research and discovery activities for initially agreed upon collaboration programs (“Collaboration Program”) with an option to expand additional Collaboration Programs (“Additional Collaboration Program Option”). Under the Collaboration and License Agreement, the Company granted Regeneron an exclusive, worldwide, royalty-bearing license under certain Company intellectual property to develop, manufacture, commercialize and otherwise exploit licensed products (“Licensed Products”) for all human and non-human diagnostic, prophylactic and therapeutic uses in oncology. Regeneron is responsible for funding the cost of preclinical research and discovery activities of both parties for all Licensed Products and for funding the cost of development, manufacture and commercialization of all Licensed Products worldwide. Pursuant to the Regeneron Agreement, the consideration from Regeneron is comprised of an upfront fee of $30.0 million, contingent payments for development and regulatory milestones and commercial milestone payments of up to an aggregate of approximately $0.8 billion. If Regeneron exercises its Additional Collaboration Program Option, the Company would be eligible to receive additional upfront and milestone payments aggregating up to approximately $1.2 billion. The Company is also entitled to tiered royalties from high-single digit to low-teen percentage royalties from potential future sales. In addition, the Company will receive research and development service fees based on a prescribed FTE rate. The Company determined that each collaboration program was a distinct performance obligation consisting of an exclusive research, development and commercialization license, research and development services and participation in the joint research committee. The Company concluded that at the inception of the agreement, Regeneron’s Additional Collaboration Program Option did not include material rights and therefore was not a performance obligation. As such, each option will be accounted for as a separate arrangement upon exercise. The initial transaction price is $39.2 million consisting of the upfront fee of $30.0 million and estimated research and development service fees of $9.2 million. The initial transaction price excludes milestone payments as the achievement of such milestones is dependent on factors outside of the Company’s control and recognition would be probable of significant revenue reversal. As such, the milestones are fully constrained at the inception of the contract. The Company will re-evaluate the transaction price at each reporting date or as uncertain events are resolved or other changes in circumstances occur. The transaction price was allocated among the performance obligations using the SSP of each performance obligation, which was determined to be equal at the inception of the agreement. The transaction price allocated to each performance obligation is recognized using an input measure. In applying the input measure of revenue recognition, the Company uses actual FTE hours incurred relative to estimated total FTE hours expected to be incurred for the combined performance obligation over the estimated research service period of four years, which is projected to end in November 2026. As of December 31, 2022, the Company received the upfront payment of $30.0 million under the Regeneron Agreement and recorded this amount as deferred revenue. No revenue was recognized for the year ended December 31, 2022. Contract Liabilities The following table presents changes in the Company’s total contract liabilities for the years ended in December 31, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands):
|  | Balance at 12/31/2020 |  |  | Additions |  |  | Revenue Recognized |  |  | Balance at 12/31/2021 |
|  | (in thousands) |
Contract liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deferred revenue |  | $ | 318,707 |  |  | $ | 3,834 |  |  | $ | (37,781 | ) |  | $ | 284,760 |
|  | Balance at 12/31/2021 |  |  | Additions |  |  | Revenue Recognized |  |  | Balance at 12/31/2022 |
|  | (in thousands) |
Contract liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deferred revenue |  | $ | 284,760 |  |  | $ | 69,555 |  |  | $ | (52,989 | ) |  | $ | 301,326 |
The Company expects that t he $301.3 m illion of deferred revenue related to the following contracts as of December 31, 2022 will be recognized as revenue based on actual FTE effort and program progress as set forth below. However, the timing of revenue recognition could differ from the estimates depending on facts and circumstances impacting the various contracts, including progress of research and development, resources assigned to the contracts by the Company or its collaboration partners or other factors outside of the Company’s control. • The $4.0 million of deferred revenue related to the CD71 Agreement with AbbVie is expected to be recognized until 2023. • The $18.0 million of deferred revenue related to the Amgen EGFR Products is expected to be recognized until 2026. • The $0.6 million of deferred revenue related to the Amgen Other Products is expected to be recognized until 2023. • The $44.5 million of deferred revenue related to the Astellas Agreement is expected to be recognized until 2026. • The $169.2 million of deferred revenue related to the BMS Agreement is expected to be recognized until 2025. • The $35.0 million of deferred revenue related to the Moderna Agreement is expected to be recognized until 2028. • The $30.0 million of deferred revenue related to the Regeneron Agreement is expected to be recognized until 2026.

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