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ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2024
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES | 2. ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES Principles of consolidation The accompanying consolidated financial statements include our accounts and the accounts of our wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany account balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Use of estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosures of contingent liabilities in our consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Estimates are used for, but not limited to, receivables valuation, revenue recognition, loyalty program reward point and gift card breakage, sales returns, inventory valuation, asset useful lives, equity and debt securities valuation, income taxes, stock-based compensation, performance-based compensation, self-funded health insurance liabilities, and contingencies. Although these estimates are based on our best knowledge of current events and actions that we may undertake in the future, our accounting of these estimates may change from period to period. To the extent there are differences between these estimates and actual results, our consolidated financial statements may be materially affected. Change in presentation in the income statement In the first quarter of fiscal 2024, the Company changed the presentation for merchant fees associated with customer payments made by credit cards and other payment methods and customer service costs. Under the new presentation, the Company includes such expenses in a separate line in operating expenses labeled, "Customer service and merchant fees", whereas previously, these expenses were included in Cost of goods sold. The Company concluded that such a change in presentation is preferable in the circumstances because the treatment of these costs as operating expenses is aligned with the changes in business and strategy. The change will also provide greater transparency in the Company's external disclosures and related communications with the market. This change in accounting policy has been applied retrospectively, and the consolidated statements of operations reflect the effect of this accounting principle change for all periods presented. This change in presentation had no impact on Loss before income taxes, Net loss, or Net loss per share of common stock basic or diluted. The consolidated balance sheets, consolidated statements of comprehensive loss, consolidated statements of changes in stockholders' equity, and consolidated statements of cash flows were not impacted by this accounting policy change. The change in presentation to the Company's consolidated statements of operations were as follows (in thousands):
| Year ended December 31, 2023 |  | Year ended December 31, 2022
| Previously reported |  | Effect of change |  | As adjusted |  | Previously reported |  | Effect of change |  | As adjusted
Cost of goods sold | $ | 1,247,116 |  |  | $ | (52,023) |  |  | $ | 1,195,093 |  |  | $ | 1,485,990 |  |  | $ | (64,269) |  |  | $ | 1,421,721 |
Gross profit | 314,006 |  |  | 52,023 |  |  | 366,029 |  |  | 443,344 |  |  | 64,269 |  |  | 507,613 |
Customer service and merchant fees | — |  |  | 52,023 |  |  | 52,023 |  |  | — |  |  | 64,269 |  |  | 64,269 |
Supplemental cash flow information The following table shows supplemental cash flow information (in thousands):
|  | Year Ended December 31,
|  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information: |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash paid during the period: |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest paid, net of amounts capitalized |  | $ | 1,489 |  |  | $ | 1,598 |  |  | $ | 1,777 |
Income taxes (refunded) paid, net |  | (132) |  |  | 556 |  |  | 2,562 |
Non-cash investing and financing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Purchases of property and equipment included in accounts payable and accrued liabilities |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 211 |  |  | $ | 2,527 |
See also Note 13—Leases for additional supplemental disclosures of cash flow information related to our leases. Cash equivalents We classify all highly liquid instruments, including instruments with an original maturity of three months or less at the time of purchase, as cash equivalents. Restricted cash We consider cash that is legally restricted and cash that is held as compensating balances for credit arrangements as restricted cash. Fair value of financial instruments We account for our assets and liabilities using a hierarchy of valuation techniques based on whether the inputs to those valuation techniques are observable or unobservable. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect our market assumptions. These two types of inputs have created the fair-value hierarchy below. This hierarchy requires us to minimize the use of unobservable inputs and to use observable market data, if available, when determining fair value. •Level 1—Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets; •Level 2—Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs and significant value drivers are observable in active markets; and •Level 3—Valuations derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs or significant value drivers are unobservable. Our assets that are adjusted to fair value on a recurring basis are cash equivalents, which fair values are determined using quoted market prices from daily exchange traded markets on the closing price as of the balance sheet date and are classified as Level 1. Our recurring fair value measurements using unobservable inputs (Level 3) include our equity securities under ASC 323 accounted for under the fair value option, available-for-sale debt securities, and our debt securities carried at fair value. Our other financial instruments, including cash, restricted cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued liabilities, and debt are carried at cost, which approximates their fair value. Certain assets, including long-lived assets, certain equity securities under ASC 323, goodwill, and other intangible assets, are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis; that is, the assets are not measured at fair value on an ongoing basis, but are subject to fair value adjustments using fair value measurements with unobservable inputs (Level 3). Accounts receivable, net Accounts receivable consist primarily of trade amounts due from customers in the United States and uncleared credit card transactions at period end. Accounts receivables are recorded at invoiced amounts and do not bear interest. We maintain an allowance for expected credit losses based upon our business customers' financial condition and payment history, our historical collection experience, and any future expected economic conditions. Inventories Inventories include merchandise acquired for resale and processed returns which are accounted for using a standard costing system which approximates the first-in-first-out ("FIFO") method of accounting and are valued at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Inventory valuation requires us to make judgments, based on currently available information, about the likely method of disposition, such as through sales to individual customers, returns to product vendors, liquidations, and expected recoverable values of each disposition category. Prepaids and other current assets Prepaids and other current assets represent expenses paid prior to receipt of the related goods or services, including advertising, license fees, maintenance, packaging, insurance, prepaid inventories, other miscellaneous costs, and cryptocurrencies. Property and equipment, net Property and equipment are recorded at cost and stated net of depreciation and amortization. Property and equipment are depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets as follows:
| Life (years)
Building | 40
Land improvements | 20
Building machinery and equipment | 15-20
Furniture and equipment | 5-7
Computer hardware | 3-4
Computer software, including internal-use software and website development | 2-4
Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the term of the related leases or estimated useful lives. Included in property and equipment is the capitalized cost of internal-use software and website development, including software used to upgrade and enhance our Website and processes supporting our business. We capitalize costs incurred during the application development stage of internal-use software and amortize these costs over the estimated useful life. Costs incurred related to design or maintenance of internal-use software are expensed as incurred. Upon sale or retirement of assets, cost and related accumulated depreciation and amortization are removed from the balance sheet and the resulting gain or loss is reflected in our consolidated statements of operations. Valuation of assets held for sale We classify assets and liabilities to be sold (disposal group) as held for sale in the period when all of the applicable criteria are met, including: (i) management commits to a plan to sell, (ii) the disposal group is available to sell in its present condition, (iii) there is an active program to locate a buyer, (iv) the disposal group is being actively marketed at a reasonable price in relation to its fair value, (v) significant changes to the plan to sell are unlikely, and (vi) the sale of the disposal group is generally probable of being completed within one year. Assets and liabilities held for sale are presented separately within the Consolidated balance sheets with any adjustments necessary to measure the disposal group at the lower of its carrying value or fair value less costs to sell. Depreciation of property and equipment is not recorded while these assets are classified as held for sale. The fair value of a disposal group, less any costs to sell, is assessed each reporting period it remains classified as held for sale and any remeasurement to the lower of carrying value or fair value less costs to sell is reported as an adjustment to the carrying value of the disposal group recorded in Other expense, net in our consolidated statements of operations. We measured our assets held for sale at fair value based on Level 1 inputs. See Note 4—Assets Held for Sale for further information. Equity securities accounted for under the equity method under ASC 323 At December 31, 2024, we held minority interests in privately held entities, Medici Ventures, L.P., tZERO, and SpeedRoute, LLC ("SpeedRoute"), accounted for under the equity method under ASC Topic 323, Investments—Equity Method and Joint Ventures ("ASC 323"), which are included in Equity securities in our consolidated balance sheets. We can exercise significant influence, but not control, over these entities through holding more than a 20% voting interest. Based on the nature of our ownership interests and the extent of our contributed capital, we held a variable interest in Medici Ventures, L.P. and SpeedRoute, both of which meet the definition of variable interest entities; however, we are not the primary beneficiary of these entities for purposes of consolidation as we do not have the power (either explicit or implicit), through voting rights or otherwise, to direct the activities of Medici Ventures, L.P. or SpeedRoute that most significantly impact their economic performance. Our investments in these variable interest entities totaled $60.5 million as of December 31, 2024, representing our maximum exposures to loss. We record our proportionate share of Medici Ventures, L.P.'s net assets assuming the entity (i) liquidated its net assets at their book values and (ii) distributed the proceeds to the investors based on the distribution waterfall in the investment agreement, which reflects the fair value changes of the underlying investments of the entity, any investor-level adjustments, and any other operating income or losses of the entity, in Other expense, net in our consolidated statements of operations with corresponding adjustments to the carrying value of the asset. If such events or circumstances have occurred that may indicate the fair value of our equity interest is less than its carrying value, we estimate the fair value of our equity interest and recognize an impairment loss equal to the difference between the fair value of the security and its carrying value which is recorded in Other expense, net in our consolidated statements of operations. There is no difference between the carrying amount of our investment in the entity and the amount of underlying equity we have in the entity's net assets. We have elected to apply the fair value option for valuing our direct minority interests in tZERO and SpeedRoute as we determined that accounting for our direct minority interests in tZERO and SpeedRoute under the fair value option would approximate the same valuation approach used by Medici Ventures, L.P. for valuing our indirect interest in tZERO and SpeedRoute and would be the most meaningful and transparent option for evaluating our continued exposure to the economics of tZERO and SpeedRoute. The fair value was determined in good faith under our valuation policy and process using generally accepted valuation approaches through the use of a third-party valuation firm. Our assessment includes a review of recent operating results and trends, recent sales/acquisitions of the equity securities, and other publicly available data. The methods and significant assumptions to estimate the fair value of our direct minority interests in tZERO under the fair value option include using a market approach. The market approach relied upon market transaction valuations of the subject company, adjusted for changes in enterprise value for guideline public companies. Due to the last Series B financing round led by the Intercontinental Exchange, the valuation technique used to value our direct interest in tZERO was a blended market approach using a transaction backsolve adjusted for enterprise value changes in guideline public companies, with an option pricing model and a guideline public company method. The methods and significant assumptions to estimate the fair value of our direct minority interests in SpeedRoute under the fair value option include using a market approach based on latest market transaction valuations. The following table summarizes the valuation techniques and significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of our Level 3 equity securities:
Investment |  | Fair Value |  | Valuation Technique |  | Unobservable Inputs |  | Inputs
tZERO |  | $ | 17,720 |  |  | Blended market approach - transaction backsolve adjusted for enterprise value changes in guideline public companies, with an option pricing model method and guideline public company method |  | Term to liquidity |  | 4.0 years
|  |  |  |  |  | Volatility |  | 110%
|  |  |  |  |  | Percentage change in enterprise value for guideline public companies |  | (82.4)%
SpeedRoute |  | 3,920 |  |  | Market approach - latest transactions |  | N/A |  | N/A
Total |  | $ | 21,640 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
A significant change in the term to liquidity, volatility, or percentage change in enterprise value for guideline public companies inputs could result in a significant change in the fair value measurement. Leases We determine if an arrangement is a lease at inception. We account for lease agreements as either operating or finance leases depending on certain defined criteria. Operating leases are recognized in Operating lease right-of-use ("ROU") assets, Operating lease liabilities, current, and Operating lease liabilities, non-current on our consolidated balance sheets. Finance leases are included in Other long-term assets, net, Other current liabilities, and Other long-term liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets. Lease assets and liabilities are recognized based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term at the commencement date. As most of our leases do not provide an implicit rate, we use our incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date in determining the present value of future payments. In certain of our lease agreements, we receive rent holidays and other incentives. We recognize lease costs on a straight-line basis over the lease term without regard to deferred payment terms, such as rent holidays, that defer the commencement date of required payments. Our lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease, and we adjust our measurement of the lease when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option. Lease payments used in measurement of the lease liability typically do not include executory costs, such as taxes, insurance, and maintenance, unless those costs can be reasonably estimated at lease commencement. Leasehold improvements are capitalized at cost and amortized over the lesser of their expected useful life or the life of the lease, without assuming renewal features, if any, are exercised. We do not separate lease and non-lease components for our leases. Treasury stock We account for treasury stock of our common shares under the cost method and include treasury stock as a component of stockholders' equity. Goodwill Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price paid over the fair value of the net assets acquired in business combinations. Goodwill is not amortized but is tested for impairment at least annually or when we deem that a triggering event has occurred. When evaluating whether goodwill is impaired, we make a qualitative assessment to determine if it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If the qualitative assessment determines that it is more likely than not that its fair value is less than its carrying amount, we compare the fair value of the reporting unit to which the goodwill is assigned to its carrying amount. If the carrying amount exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to the excess of the carrying amount over the fair value of the reporting unit, not to exceed the carrying amount of the goodwill. We completed our annual goodwill impairment test as of December 31, 2024 by performing a qualitative assessment and concluded that the estimated fair value of the reporting units exceeded their carrying amount. There were no impairments to goodwill recorded during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 and no other changes to the carrying amount of goodwill during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. Our goodwill balance was $6.2 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023. Intangible assets other than goodwill We capitalize and amortize intangible assets other than goodwill over their estimated useful lives unless such lives are indefinite. Intangible assets other than goodwill acquired separately from third parties are capitalized at cost, including any related direct acquisition costs, while such assets acquired as part of a business combination are capitalized at their acquisition-date fair value. Indefinite-lived intangible assets are tested for impairment annually or more frequently when events or circumstances indicate that the carrying value more likely than not exceeds its fair value. In addition, we routinely evaluate the remaining useful life of intangible assets not being amortized to determine whether events or circumstances continue to support an indefinite useful life, including any legal, regulatory, contractual, competitive, economic, or other factors that may limit their useful lives. Definite-lived intangible assets are amortized using the straight-line method of amortization over their useful lives, with the exception of certain intangibles (such as acquired customer lists) which are amortized using an accelerated method of amortization based on estimated customer attrition rates. These definite-lived intangible assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amount may not be recoverable as described below under Impairment of long-lived assets. Impairment of long-lived assets We review property and equipment, right-of-use assets, and other long-lived assets, including intangible assets other than goodwill, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset group may not be recoverable. Recoverability is measured by a comparison of the assets' carrying amount to future undiscounted net cash flows the asset group is expected to generate. Cash flow forecasts are based on trends of historical performance and management's estimate of future performance, giving consideration to existing and anticipated competitive and economic conditions. If such asset group is considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds their fair values. There were no impairments to long-lived assets recorded during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022. Available-for-sale debt securities During the year ended December 31, 2023, we invested $10.0 million in GrainChain, Inc. in the form of a convertible promissory note (the "Note"). The Note bears interest at an annual interest rate of 5% and accrued interest is recorded in Interest income, net in our consolidated statements of operations. The Note has a maturity date of January 3, 2025 at which time the outstanding principal and any unpaid accrued interest will automatically convert into shares of a newly created series of preferred stock issued by GrainChain, Inc. The Note has not converted as the Company is in active discussions regarding our interests in GrainChain. The fair value of the Note, including accrued interest, was $11.0 million at December 31, 2024, which is included in Other long-term assets, net on our consolidated balance sheets. Based on the nature of our indirect ownership interests in GrainChain, Inc. through Medici Ventures, L.P. and the extent of our contributed capital, we held a variable interest in GrainChain, Inc., which meets the definition of a variable interest entity; however, we are not the primary beneficiary of this entity for purposes of consolidation as we do not have the power (either explicit or implicit), through voting rights or otherwise, to direct the activities of GrainChain, Inc. that most significantly impact its economic performance. Our maximum exposure to loss in this variable interest entity totaled $30.6 million as of December 31, 2024, representing our direct and indirect interest in GrainChain, Inc. Debt securities carried at fair value In October 2024, the Company entered into a strategic business relationship with Kirkland's Stores, Inc. ("Kirkland's") which includes, among other things, entry into a secured Term Loan Credit Agreement ("Credit Agreement"). The Company provided $17.0 million in debt financing to Kirkland's, including an $8.5 million convertible promissory note and an $8.5 million non-convertible promissory note (collectively, the "Notes"). The Credit Agreement bears interest on the unpaid principal balance at an annual rate equal to the Secured Overnight Financing Rate, or SOFR rate, for a one-month, two-month or six-month SOFR period (depending on which option is elected) plus 2.75%, established by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. The $8.5 million convertible promissory note (plus accrued interest) (the "Conversion Amount") can be converted into Kirkland's common stock at a conversion price of $1.85 per share in an amount not to exceed 19.9% of the outstanding shares at the Company's election. The Company has also committed to invest $8.0 million in Kirkland's common stock pursuant to Subscription Agreement and Investor Rights Agreement (collectively the "Subscription Agreement"), subject to receiving approval of Kirkland's stockholders. Subsequent to year end, stockholders of Kirkland's approved the additional $8.0 million investment in exchange for Kirkland's common stock. See Note 26—Subsequent Events for further information. We have elected to present the Notes at fair value, which was $14.8 million at December 31, 2024. The balance of the Notes is included in Other long-term assets, net on our consolidated balance sheets. Other long-term assets, net Other long-term assets, net consist primarily of long-term prepaid expenses, deposits, available-for-sale debt securities, and debt securities carried at fair value. Revenue recognition Revenue is recognized when, or as, control of a promised product or service transfers to a customer, in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring those products or services. Revenue excludes taxes that have been assessed by governmental authorities and that are directly imposed on revenue-producing transactions between the Company and its customers, including sales and use taxes. Revenue recognition is evaluated through the following five-step process: 1) identification of the contract with a customer; 2) identification of the performance obligations in the contract; 3) determination of the transaction price; 4) allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and 5) recognition of revenue when or as a performance obligation is satisfied. Product Revenue We derive our revenue primarily through our Website but may also derive revenue from sales of merchandise through other channels. Our revenue is derived primarily from merchandise sold at a point in time and shipped to customers. Merchandise sales are fulfilled with inventory sourced through our partners or from our owned inventory. The vast majority of our sales, however, are fulfilled from inventory sourced through our partners. Revenue is recognized when control of the product passes to the customer, typically at the date of delivery of the merchandise to the customer or the date a service is provided and is recognized in an amount that reflects the expected consideration to be received in exchange for such goods or services. As such, customer orders are recorded as unearned revenue prior to delivery of products or services ordered. As we ship high volumes of packages through multiple carriers, we use estimates to determine which shipments are delivered and, therefore, recognized as revenue at the end of the period. Our delivery date estimates are based on average shipping transit times, which are calculated using the following factors: (i) the type of shipping carrier (as carriers have different in-transit times); (ii) the fulfillment source (either our warehouses, those warehouses we control, or those of our partners); (iii) the delivery destination; and (iv) actual transit time experience, which shows that delivery date is typically one to seven business days from the date of shipment. We review and update our estimates on a quarterly basis based on our actual transit time experience. However, actual shipping times may differ from our estimates. Generally, we require authorization from credit card or other payment vendors whose services we offer to our customers (such as PayPal, Apple Pay, Klarna), or verification of receipt of payment, before we ship products to consumers or business purchasers. We generally receive payments from our customers before our payments to our suppliers are due. We do not recognize assets associated with costs to obtain or fulfill a contract with a customer. Shipping and handling is considered a fulfillment activity, as it takes place prior to the customer obtaining control of the merchandise, and fees charged to customers are included in net revenue upon completion of our performance obligation. We present revenue net of sales taxes, discounts, and expected refunds. Our merchandise sales contracts include terms that could cause variability in the transaction price for items such as discounts, credits, or sales returns. Accordingly, the transaction price for product sales includes estimates of variable consideration to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal of revenue recognized will not occur. At the time of sale, we estimate a sales return liability for the variable consideration based on historical experience, which is recorded within Accrued liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet. We record an allowance for returns based on current period revenues and historical returns experience. We analyze actual historical returns, current economic trends and changes in order volume and acceptance of our products when evaluating the adequacy of the sales returns allowance in any accounting period. We evaluate the criteria outlined in ASC 606-10-55, Principal versus Agent Considerations, in determining whether it is appropriate to record the gross amount of merchandise sales and related costs or the net amount earned as commissions. When we are the principal in a transaction and control the specific good or service before it is transferred to the customer, revenue is recorded gross; otherwise, revenue is recorded on a net basis. Through contractual terms with our partners, we have the ability to control the promised goods or services and as a result record the majority of our revenue on a gross basis. Loyalty program We have a customer membership program called Beyond+ for which we sell annual memberships. For Beyond+ memberships, we record membership fees as unearned revenue and we recognize revenue ratably over the membership period. Members earn dollars for qualifying purchases made on our Bed Bath & Beyond website. As such, the initial transaction price giving rise to the reward dollar is allocated to each separate performance obligation based upon its relative standalone selling price. In determining the stand-alone selling price, we incorporate assumptions about the redemption rates of loyalty points. We recognize revenue for loyalty program reward dollars when customers redeem such rewards as part of a purchase on our Bed Bath & Beyond website. We record the standalone value of reward dollars earned in unearned revenue at the time the reward dollars are earned. Loyalty program reward dollars expire 90 days after the customer's membership expires. We recognize estimated reward dollar breakage, to which we expect to be entitled, over the expected redemption period in proportion to actual redemptions by customers. We also drive customer loyalty and trip frequency through the Welcome Rewards loyalty program, which provides customers with exclusive benefits and offers across the Bed Bath & Beyond website. Advertising Revenue Advertising revenues are derived primarily from sponsored links and display advertisements that are placed on our Website, distributed via email, or sent out as direct mailers. Advertising revenue is recognized in revenue when the advertising services are rendered. Advertising revenues were less than 3% of total net revenues for all periods presented. Unearned Revenue When the timing of our provision of goods or services is different from the timing of the payments made by our customers, we recognize a contract liability (customer payment precedes performance). Customer orders are recorded as unearned revenue when payment is received prior to delivery of products or services ordered. We record amounts received for Beyond+ membership fees as unearned revenue and we recognize it ratably over the membership period. We record loyalty program reward dollars earned from purchases as unearned revenue at the time they are earned based upon the relative standalone selling price of the loyalty program reward dollar and we recognize it as revenue in proportion to the estimated pattern of rights exercised by the customer. If reward dollars are not redeemed, we recognize revenue upon expiration. In addition, we sell gift cards and record related unearned revenue at the time of the sale. We sell gift cards without expiration dates and we recognize revenue from a gift card upon redemption of the gift card. The unredeemed portion of our gift cards are recognized in revenue over the expected redemption period based upon the estimated pattern of rights exercised by the customer, if the gift cards are not subject to escheat laws. Sales returns allowance Revenue is recorded net of estimated returns. We record an allowance for returns based on current period revenues and historical returns experience. We analyze actual historical returns, current economic trends and changes in order volume and acceptance of our products when evaluating the adequacy of the sales returns allowance in any accounting period. Cost of goods sold Our cost of goods sold includes product costs, warehousing costs, outbound shipping costs, and handling and fulfillment costs, and is recorded in the same period in which related revenues have been recorded. Advertising expense We expense the costs of producing advertisements the first time the advertising takes place and expense the cost of communicating advertising in the period during which the advertising space or airtime is used. Internet advertising expenses are recognized as incurred based on the terms of the individual agreements, which are generally: 1) a commission for traffic driven to our Website that generates a sale or 2) a referral fee based on the number of clicks on keywords or links to our Website generated during a given period. Advertising expense is included in Sales and marketing expenses in our consolidated statements of operations. Prepaid advertising is included in Prepaids and other current assets in our consolidated balance sheets. Stock-based compensation We measure compensation expense for our outstanding unvested restricted stock awards at fair value on the date of grant and recognize compensation expense over the service period for awards at the greater of a straight-line basis or on an accelerated schedule when vesting of the share-based awards exceeds a straight-line basis. When an award is forfeited prior to the vesting date, we recognize an adjustment for the previously recognized expense in the period of the forfeiture. See Note 18—Stock-Based Awards. We use the Black-Scholes option pricing model to determine the fair value of our employee stock purchase plan shares. The determination of the fair value of stock-based payment awards on the date of grant using an option pricing model is affected by our stock price and assumptions regarding a number of complex and subjective variables. These variables include our expected stock price volatility over the expected term of the awards, actual and projected employee stock option exercise behaviors, a risk-free interest rate and any expected dividends. We use the Monte-Carlo valuation model to determine the fair value of the portion of our performance shares and performance share options with market conditions. The determination of the fair value of stock-based payment awards on the date of grant using the Monte-Carlo valuation model is affected by our stock price and assumptions regarding a number of complex and subjective variables. These variables include our expected stock price volatility, a risk-free interest rate, the probability of reaching the stock price performance targets, and a 20-trading-day average stock price. The portion of our performance shares with performance conditions are measured at fair value on the date of grant and the probability of the awards meeting the performance condition is not included in the grant date fair value, but is assessed quarterly for expense recognition. Compensation expense for these awards are recognized using a graded vesting schedule over the requisite service period. To the extent that a market-based vesting award is forfeited following completion of the requisite service period, compensation expense for accounting purposes is not reversed. Loss contingencies In the normal course of business, we are involved in legal proceedings and other potential loss contingencies. We accrue a liability for such matters when it is probable that a loss has been incurred and the amount, or range of amounts, can be reasonably estimated. When only a range of probable loss can be estimated, the most probable amount in the range is accrued. If no amount within this range is a better estimate than any other amount within the range, the minimum amount in the range is accrued. We expense legal fees as incurred (See Note 15—Commitments and Contingencies). Income taxes Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method, which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined on the basis of the differences between the financial statements and tax bases of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. The effect of a change in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. We recognize deferred tax assets to the extent that we believe these assets are more likely than not to be realized. In evaluating our ability to recover our deferred tax assets within the jurisdiction from which they arise, we consider all available positive and negative evidence, including projected future taxable income, scheduled reversals of our deferred tax liabilities, tax planning strategies, and results of recent operations. Our projections of future taxable income are subject to changes in how we do business, economic outlook, political climate, and other conditions such as supply chain challenges, inflation, rising interest rates, geopolitical events, and other macroeconomic conditions, and judgment is required in determining our ability to use our deferred tax assets. We record uncertain tax positions in accordance with ASC 740 on the basis of a two-step process whereby (1) we determine whether it is more likely than not that the tax positions will be sustained on the basis of the technical merits of the position and (2) for those tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold, we recognize the largest amount of tax benefit that is more than 50 percent likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement with the related tax authority. We recognize interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits within the income tax expense line in the accompanying consolidated income statements. Accrued interest and penalties are included within the related tax liability line in our consolidated balance sheets. Net loss per share Basic net loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss attributable to common shares by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss attributable to common shares by the weighted average number of common and potential common shares outstanding during the period. Potential common shares, comprising incremental common shares issuable from the employee stock purchase plan and restricted stock awards are included in the calculation of diluted net loss per common share to the extent such shares are dilutive. Recently adopted accounting standards In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which requires public entities to disclose information about their reportable segments' significant expenses and other segment items on an interim and annual basis. For public entities, ASU 2023-07 is required to be adopted for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2023 and for interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted the provisions of this ASU as of January 1, 2024, with respect to the annual disclosures beginning with the year ended December 31, 2024 and interim disclosures beginning with the three months ended March 31, 2025, including the presentation of the comparable prior periods. The adoption of this ASU resulted in additional segment reporting disclosures in the Company's consolidated financial statements. Recently issued accounting standards In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which requires public entities to disclose disaggregated information about a reporting entity's effective tax rate reconciliation as well as additional information on income taxes paid. For public entities, ASU 2023-09 is required to be adopted for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. This ASU will result in us including the additional required disclosures when adopted and does not otherwise have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements. In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40), which requires public entities to disclose disaggregated information about certain income statement line items in the notes to the financial statements. For public entities, ASU 2024-03 is required to be adopted for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026 and for interim periods beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. This ASU will result in us including the additional required disclosures when adopted and does not otherwise have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

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