The following table summarizes the amortized cost, fair value and allowance for credit losses (“ACL”) of securities available-for-sale at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, and the corresponding amounts of gross unrealized gains and losses recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss:



(in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Allowance for Credit Losses		Fair Value
September 30, 2025
U.S. Treasuries	$	142,562	$	131	$	(6,152)	$	—	$	136,541

Municipal	15,617		33		(1,871)		—		13,779
Corporate	5,000		—		(208)		—		4,792
Asset-backed securities	5,152		56		—		—		5,208
Mortgage-backed securities	73,255		406		(1,341)		—		72,320
Total	$	241,586	$	626	$	(9,572)	$	—	$	232,640

December 31, 2024
U.S. Treasuries	$	136,831	$	42	$	(10,038)	$	—	$	126,835

Municipal	11,698		5		(2,420)		—		9,283
Corporate	5,000		—		(289)		—		4,711
Asset-backed securities	5,501		25		—		—		5,526
Mortgage-backed securities	79,939		2		(2,666)		—		77,275
Total	$	238,969	$	74	$	(15,413)	$	—	$	223,630

There were no securities sold during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 or the nine months ended September 30, 2024. There was no ACL required on available-for-sale debt securities in an unrealized loss position at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

The amortized cost and fair value of debt securities are shown by contractual maturity. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities if borrowers have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. Securities not due at a single maturity date are shown separately.


	September 30, 2025				December 31, 2024
(in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Fair Value
Within one year	$	54,258	$	53,705	$	20,003	$	19,882
One to five years	70,557		67,476		97,052		90,570
Five to ten years	35,857		31,982		29,785		25,446
Beyond ten years	2,507		1,949		6,689		4,931
Asset-backed securities(1)	5,152		5,208		5,501		5,526
Mortgage-backed securities(1)	73,255		72,320		79,939		77,275
Total	$	241,586	$	232,640	$	238,969	$	223,630

Securities pledged had a carrying amount of $1.0 million and $0.9 million at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, to secure public deposits.

At September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, there were no holdings of securities of any one issuer, other than the U.S. Government and its agencies, in an amount greater than 10% of stockholders’ equity.

The following table summarizes debt securities available-for-sale in an unrealized loss position for which an ACL has not been recorded at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, aggregated by major security type and length of time in a continuous unrealized loss position:


	Less than 12 months				12 months or longer				Total
(in thousands)	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
September 30, 2025
U.S. Treasuries	$	19,942	$	(2)	$	94,736	$	(6,150)	$	114,678	$	(6,152)
Municipal	—		—		8,914		(1,871)		8,914		(1,871)
Corporate	—		—		4,792		(208)		4,792		(208)

Mortgage-backed securities	11,338		(201)		17,757		(1,140)		29,095		(1,341)
Total	$	31,280	$	(203)	$	126,199	$	(9,369)	$	157,479	$	(9,572)

December 31, 2024
U.S. Treasuries	$	10,883	$	(93)	$	111,196	$	(9,945)	$	122,079	$	(10,038)

Municipal	—		—		8,373		(2,420)		8,373		(2,420)
Corporate	—		—		4,711		(289)		4,711		(289)

Mortgage-backed securities	55,243		(901)		18,272		(1,765)		73,515		(2,666)
Total	$	66,126	$	(994)	$	142,552	$	(14,419)	$	208,678	$	(15,413)

As of September 30, 2025, management determined the Company does not have the intent to sell, nor is it more likely than not that it will be required to sell, available-for-sale debt securities in an unrealized loss position at September 30, 2025 before it is able to recover the amortized cost basis. Further, management reviewed the Company’s holdings as of September 30, 2025 and concluded there

were no credit-related declines in fair value. Additional information related to the types of securities held at September 30, 2025, other than securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government entities or agencies including U.S. Treasuries and substantially all of the Company’s mortgage-backed securities, is as follows:

Corporate Securities — There have been no payment defaults on any of the Company’s holdings of corporate debt securities. There are five securities all of which are subordinated debt of other financial institutions with face amounts ranging from $0.5 million to $2 million.

Municipal Securities — All of the Company’s holdings of municipal bonds were investment grade and there have been no payment defaults. Summary ratings information at September 30, 2025, based on the amortized cost basis and reflecting the lowest enhanced or underlying rating by Moody’s, Standard & Poors or Fitch, is as follows: AAA - 76% of the portfolio; AA+ - 24%.

As such, it is deemed the above listed securities are not in an unrealized loss position due to credit-related issues and no further analysis is warranted as of September 30, 2025.