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Debt
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]  
Debt
8. Debt
Revolving Credit Facility
On August 1, 2023, the Company entered into a credit agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) among the Company, as borrower, the lenders from time to time party thereto, and Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent, swingline lender and letters of credit issuer. The Credit Agreement provides for a $50.0 million revolving credit facility (the “Credit Facility”), including a $15.0 million sublimit for the issuance of letters of credit and a swingline subfacility of up to $5.0 million. The Credit Facility has an accordion feature that allows for an increase in the total borrowing size up to $25.0 million, subject to certain conditions. The Credit Facility matures on the earlier of (a) August 1, 2028 or (b) the date that is 91 days prior to the scheduled maturity date or mandatory conversion date of any of the Company’s outstanding convertible notes. The Credit Agreement requires that the Company maintain consolidated EBITDA, tested on a quarterly basis. The Company is also required to maintain minimum liquidity of $75.0 million, which includes the amount of undrawn borrowing commitments available under the Credit Agreement. Interest on borrowings under the Credit Facility accrues at an annual rate tied to a base rate or the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”), at the Company’s election. Loans based on SOFR bear interest at a rate equal to term SOFR for the applicable interest period plus 10 basis points plus an applicable margin between 2.25% and 2.75%, and loans based on the base rate bear interest at a rate equal to the base rate plus an applicable margin between 1.25% and 1.75%, in each case of the foregoing, depending upon the Company’s consolidated EBITDA for the most recent period of four consecutive fiscal quarters for which financial statements have been delivered under the Credit Agreement. The Company is required to pay a quarterly commitment fee equal to between 0.05% and 0.0625% on the unused portion of the borrowing commitment, depending upon the Company’s consolidated EBITDA for the most recent period of four consecutive fiscal quarters for which financial statements have been delivered under the Credit Agreement.
On May 1, 2024, the Company entered into an amendment (the “Amendment”) to the Credit Agreement. The Amendment increased the aggregate revolving credit commitments to $100.0 million; increased the swingline sublimit to $10.0 million; increased the minimum liquidity to $82.5 million; and extended the maturity date to the earlier of (a) May 1, 2029 or (b) the date that is 91 days prior to the scheduled maturity date or mandatory conversion date of any of the Company’s outstanding convertible notes.
On October 28, 2024, the Company entered into a second amendment (the “Second Amendment”) to the Credit Agreement, which increased the aggregate revolving credit commitments to $150.0 million and modified the maturity date to the earlier of (a) May 1, 2029 or (b) the date that is 91 days prior to the scheduled maturity date or mandatory conversion date of any of the Company’s outstanding convertible senior notes due 2028. The Second Amendment also modified the applicable margin for loans based on SOFR to between 2.00% and 2.50%, and modified the applicable margin for loans based on the base rate to between 1.00% and 1.50%, in each case depending upon the Company’s consolidated total leverage ratio for the most recent fiscal quarter for which financial statements have been delivered under the Credit Agreement. The Company is now required to pay a quarterly commitment fee equal to between 0.20% and 0.25%, depending upon the Company’s consolidated total leverage ratio for the most recent fiscal quarter for which financial statements have been delivered under the Credit Agreement. The Second Amendment replaced existing financial covenants with the following new financial covenants: (a) (1) for each fiscal quarter ending on or prior to June 30, 2025, a consolidated senior secured leverage ratio not to exceed 2.75 to 1.00, and (2) for each fiscal quarter thereafter, a consolidated senior secured leverage ratio not to exceed 2.50 to 1.00; and (b) a consolidated fixed charge coverage ratio not less than 2.00 to 1.00, in each case tested as of the end of any fiscal quarter. The amendments modified exceptions to certain customary negative covenants to require a pro forma consolidated senior secured leverage ratio at least 0.50 to 1.00 inside the maximum then-applicable consolidated senior secured leverage ratio, and modified the exception to the restriction on additional convertible indebtedness to require a pro forma consolidated total leverage ratio over the most recent four fiscal quarters not to exceed 4.50 to 1.00.
The obligations under the Credit Agreement are secured by a lien on substantially all of the Company’s tangible and intangible property and by a pledge of all of the equity interests of the Company’s direct domestic subsidiaries and 65% of the voting capital stock and 100% of the non-voting capital stock of any first-tier foreign subsidiaries, subject to limited exceptions. In addition, the Company’s direct domestic subsidiaries guarantee the obligations under the Credit Agreement and grant a lien and pledge, as applicable, on substantially all of their tangible and intangible property to secure the obligations under the Credit Agreement.
As of December 31, 2024, unamortized debt issuance costs were $1.0 million, of which $0.2 million were included in prepaid expenses and other current assets and $0.8 million were included in other long-term assets. As of December 31, 2023, unamortized debt issuance costs were $0.6 million, of which $0.1 million were included in prepaid expenses and other current assets and $0.5 million were included in other long-term assets.
As of December 31, 2024, the Company had no outstanding borrowings under the Credit Facility and was in compliance with all financial and non-financial covenants for all periods presented. As of December 31, 2024, the available borrowing capacity under the Credit Facility was $150.0 million.
Convertible Senior Notes and Capped Call Transactions
2026 Convertible Notes
In February 2020, the Company issued $400.0 million aggregate principal amount of 0.25% Convertible Notes due 2026 in a private placement to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act (the “2026 Convertible Notes”). The interest on the 2026 Convertible Notes is payable semi-annually in arrears on March 1 and September 1 of each year, beginning on September 1, 2020. The 2026 Convertible Notes will mature on March 1, 2026, unless earlier repurchased, redeemed by the Company, or converted pursuant to their terms. The total net proceeds from the 2026 Convertible Notes, after deducting initial purchaser discounts, costs related to the 2026 Capped Calls (as defined herein), and debt issuance costs, paid by the Company, were approximately $344.7 million. The excess of the principal amount of the liability component over its carrying
amount, or the debt discount, was amortized to interest expense at an annual effective interest rate of 0.510% over the contractual terms of the 2026 Convertible Notes.
Each $1,000 principal amount of the 2026 Convertible Notes is initially convertible into 10.9857 shares of the Company’s Class A common stock, par value $0.001 per share, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $91.03 per share.
During May 2024, the Company entered into separate, privately negotiated repurchase agreements with a limited number of holders of the 2026 Convertible Notes (the “2024 Repurchases”) to repurchase approximately $140.0 million aggregate principal amount of the 2026 Convertible Notes for an aggregate cash price of approximately $128.5 million. The 2024 Repurchases closed on May 9, 2024. Following the 2024 Repurchases and previous repurchases, approximately $35.0 million principal amount of the 2026 Convertible Notes remain outstanding. The difference between the consideration used for the 2024 Repurchases and the carrying value of the 2026 Convertible Notes resulted in a gain of $10.3 million recorded within net gain on extinguishment of debt on the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2024. The Company had previously entered into capped call transactions with certain financial institutions in connection with the 2026 Convertible Notes. All of these transactions are expected to remain in effect notwithstanding the repurchases.
2028 Convertible Notes
In March 2021, the Company issued $250.0 million aggregate principal amount of 0.50% Convertible Notes due 2028 in a private placement to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act (the “2028 Convertible Notes” and, together with the 2026 Convertible Notes, the “Convertible Notes”). The interest on the 2028 Convertible Notes is payable semi-annually in arrears on April 1 and October 1 of each year, beginning on October 1, 2021. The 2028 Convertible Notes will mature on April 1, 2028, unless earlier repurchased, redeemed by the Company, or converted pursuant to their terms. The total net proceeds from the 2028 Convertible Notes, after deducting initial purchaser discounts, costs related to the 2028 Capped Calls (as defined herein), and debt issuance costs, paid by the Company, were approximately $217.0 million. The excess of the principal amount of the liability component over its carrying amount, or the debt discount, was amortized to interest expense at an annual effective interest rate of 0.442% over the contractual terms of the 2028 Convertible Notes.
Each $1,000 principal amount of the 2028 Convertible Notes is initially convertible into 5.5781 shares of the Company’s Class A common stock, par value $0.001 per share, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $179.27 per share.
Other Terms of the Convertible Notes
The Convertible Notes are effectively subordinated to the Company’s future senior secured indebtedness to the extent of the value of the collateral securing that indebtedness. The Convertible Notes are the senior, unsecured obligations of the Company and are equal in right of payment with the Company’s future senior unsecured indebtedness, if any, senior in right of payment to the Company’s existing and future indebtedness that is expressly subordinated to the Convertible Notes and the Convertible Notes will be structurally subordinated to all existing and future indebtedness and other liabilities, including trade payables, and preferred equity, if any, of the Company’s subsidiaries. The Convertible Notes may bear special interest under specified circumstances relating to the Company’s failure to comply with its reporting obligations under the indenture governing the applicable Convertible Notes (each, a “Notes Indenture” and collectively, the “Notes Indentures”) or if the Convertible Notes are not freely tradeable as required by the applicable Notes Indenture.
The conversion rate is subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of certain specified events but will not be adjusted for any accrued and unpaid interest. In addition, upon the occurrence of a make-whole fundamental change (which includes the calling of any Convertible Notes for redemption), as defined in the applicable Notes Indenture, the Company will, in certain circumstances, increase the conversion rate by a number of additional shares for a
holder that elects to convert its Convertible Notes in connection with such make-whole fundamental change or during the relevant redemption period.
The Company may redeem the Convertible Notes, in whole or in part, at its option at any time, and from time to time, on or after (i) March 6, 2023 for the 2026 Convertible Notes, or ii) after April 6, 2025 for the 2028 Convertible Notes, in each case, on or before the fortieth (40th) scheduled trading day immediately before the maturity date, at a cash redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount thereof, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding the redemption date, if the last reported sale price of the Class A common stock has exceeded 130% of the conversion price then in effect for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive), including the trading date immediately preceding the date on which the Company provides notice of redemption, during any 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the trading date immediately before the date on which the Company provides the related redemption notice. No sinking fund is provided for the Convertible Notes.
The Convertible Notes will be convertible at certain times and upon the occurrence of certain events in the future. Further, on or after September 1, 2025 for the 2026 Convertible Notes, and on or after October 1, 2027 for the 2028 Convertible Notes, in each case, until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date, holders of the Convertible Notes may convert all or a portion of their Convertible Notes regardless of these conditions. Upon conversion, the Company will pay or deliver, as the case may be, cash, shares of Class A common stock, or a combination of cash and shares of Class A common stock, at the Company’s election. It is the Company’s current intent to settle the principal amount of the Convertible Notes with cash.
During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the conditions allowing the holders of the 2026 Convertible Notes and the 2028 Convertible Notes to convert were not met. The Convertible Notes may be convertible thereafter if one or more of the conversion conditions specified in each respective Notes Indenture are satisfied during future measurement periods. The Company continues to classify the Convertible Notes as a long-term liability in its consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2024, based on contractual settlement provisions.
Upon the occurrence of a fundamental change (as defined in the applicable Notes Indenture) prior to the maturity date, holders may require the Company to repurchase all or a portion of the 2026 Convertible Notes or 2028 Convertible Notes for cash at a price equal to the principal amount of the Convertible Notes to be repurchased, plus any accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the fundamental change repurchase date.
The net carrying amount of the liability components of the Convertible Notes were as follows:
As of December 31,
20242023
2026 Convertible Notes:(In thousands)
Principal$35,000 $175,000 
Unamortized debt issuance costs(205)(1,891)
2026 Convertible Notes net carrying amount34,795 173,109 
2028 Convertible Notes:
Principal250,000 250,000 
Unamortized debt issuance costs(3,511)(4,583)
2028 Convertible Notes net carrying amount246,489 245,417 
Total net carrying amount$281,284 $418,526 
The following table sets forth the interest expense recognized related to the Convertible Notes:
Year ended December 31,
202420232022
2026 Convertible Notes:(In thousands)
Contractual interest expense$241 $465 $997 
Amortization of debt issuance costs421 940 1,915 
Total interest expense related to the 2026 Convertible Notes662 1,405 2,912 
2028 Convertible Notes:
Contractual interest expense1,250 1,250 1,250 
Amortization of debt issuance costs1,071 1,064 1,062 
Total interest expense related to the 2028 Convertible Notes2,321 2,314 2,312 
Total interest expense$2,983 $3,719 $5,224 
Capped Calls
In connection with the offering of the 2026 Convertible Notes and the 2028 Convertible Notes, the Company entered into privately negotiated capped call transactions with certain counterparties (the “2026 Capped Calls” and the “2028 Capped Calls,” respectively and, collectively, the “Capped Calls”). The initial strike price of the Convertible Notes corresponds to the initial conversion price of the 2026 Convertible Notes and the 2028 Convertible Notes. The Capped Calls are generally intended to reduce or offset the potential dilution to the Class A common stock upon any conversion of the 2026 Convertible Notes and 2028 Convertible Notes with such reduction or offset, as the case may be, subject to a cap based on the cap price. The Capped Calls expire on the earlier of (i) the last day on which any convertible securities remain outstanding and (ii) March 1, 2026 for the 2026 Capped Calls and April 1, 2028 for the 2028 Capped Calls, subject to earlier exercise. The Capped Calls are subject to either adjustment or termination upon the occurrence of specified extraordinary events affecting the Company, including a merger event, a tender offer, and a nationalization, insolvency or delisting involving the Company. In addition, the Capped Calls are subject to certain specified additional disruption events that may give rise to a termination of the Capped Calls, including changes in law, insolvency filings, and hedging disruptions. The Capped Call transactions are recorded in stockholders’ equity and are not accounted for as derivatives. The net cost to purchase the Capped Calls was recorded as a reduction to additional paid-in capital in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.
The following table sets forth key terms and costs incurred for the Capped Calls related to the Convertible Notes as of December 31, 2024:
2026 Convertible Notes2028 Convertible Notes
(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)
Initial approximate strike price per share, subject to certain adjustments$91.03 $179.27 
Initial cap price per share, subject to certain adjustments$137.40 $260.76 
Net costs incurred$43,320 $25,500 
Class A common stock covered, subject to anti-dilution adjustments384,500 1,394,525 
All of the Capped Calls were outstanding as of December 31, 2024.