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Basis of Presentation and General Information (Policies) | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 27, 2019
Organization Consolidation And Presentation Of Financial Statements [Abstract] |
Basis of Presentation | Basis of Presentation The accompanying consolidated financial statements of The Hackett Group, Inc. (“Hackett” or the “Company”) have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and include the Company’s accounts and those of its wholly-owned subsidiaries which the Company is required to consolidate. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. In the opinion of management, the accompanying consolidated financial statements reflect all normal and recurring adjustments which are necessary for a fair presentation of the Company’s financial position, results of operations, and cash flows as of the dates and for the periods presented. The consolidated financial statements have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) regarding interim financial reporting. Accordingly, these statements do not include all the disclosures normally required by U.S. GAAP for annual financial statements and should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 28, 2018, included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K filed by the Company with the SEC on March 8, 2019. The consolidated results of operations for the quarter and nine months ended September 27, 2019, are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for any future period or for the full fiscal year.
Use of Estimates | Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Revenue Recognition | Revenue Recognition We generate substantially all of our revenue from providing professional services to our clients. We also generate revenue from software licenses, software support, maintenance and subscriptions to our executive and best practices advisory programs. A single contract could include one or multiple performance obligations. For those contracts that have multiple performance obligations, we allocate the total transaction price to each performance obligation based on its relative standalone selling price. We determine the standalone selling price based on the respective selling price of the individual elements when they are sold separately. Revenue is recognized when control of the goods and services provided are transferred to our customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for those goods and services using the following steps: 1) identify the contract, 2) identify the performance obligations, 3) determine the transaction price, 4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and 5) recognize revenue as or when we satisfy the performance obligations. We typically satisfy our performance obligations for professional services over time as the related services are provided. The performance obligations related to software support, maintenance and subscriptions to our executive and best practice advisory programs are typically satisfied evenly over the course of the service period. Other performance obligations, such as software licenses, are satisfied at a point in time. We generate our revenue under four types of billing arrangements: fixed-fee (including software license revenue); time-and-materials; executive and best practice advisory services; and software sales, maintenance and support. In fixed-fee billing arrangements, which would also include contracts with capped fees, we agree to a pre-established fee or fee cap in exchange for a predetermined set of professional services. We set the fees based on our estimates of the costs and timing for completing the engagements. We generally recognize revenue under fixed-fee or capped fee arrangements using a proportionate performance approach, which is based on work completed to-date as compared to estimates of the total services to be provided under the engagement. Estimates of total engagement revenue and cost of services are monitored regularly during the term of the engagement. If our estimates indicate a potential loss, such loss is recognized in the period in which the loss first becomes probable and reasonably estimable. The customer is invoiced based on the contractual agreement between the parties, typically bi-weekly, monthly or mile-stone driven, with net thirty-day terms. Time-and-material billing arrangements require the client to pay based on the number of hours worked by our consultants at agreed upon hourly rates. We recognize revenue under time-and-material arrangements as the related services or goods are provided, using the right to invoice practical expedient which allows us to recognize revenue in the amount based on the number of hours worked and the agreed upon hourly rates. The customer is invoiced based on the contractual agreement between the parties, typically bi-weekly, monthly or milestone driven, with net thirty-day terms. 1. Basis of Presentation and General Information (continued) Advisory services contracts are typically in the form of a subscription agreement which allows the customer access to the Company’s executive and best practice advisory programs. There is typically a single performance obligation and the transaction price is the contractual amount of the subscription agreement. Revenue from advisory service contracts is recognized ratably over the life of the agreements. Customers are typically invoiced at the inception of the contract, with net thirty-day terms. The resale of software and maintenance contracts are in the form of SAP America software license or maintenance agreements provided by SAP America. SAP is the principal and the Company is the agent in these transactions as the Company does not obtain title to the software and the maintenance is sold simultaneously. The transaction price is the Company’s agreed-upon percentage of the software license or maintenance amount in the contract with the vendor. Revenue for the resale of software licenses is recognized upon contract execution and customer’s receipt of the software. Revenue from maintenance contracts is recognized ratably over the life of the agreements. The customer is typically invoiced at contract inception, with net thirty-day terms. Expense reimbursements that are billable to clients are included in total revenue, and are substantially all billed as time-and-material billing arrangements. Therefore, the Company recognizes all reimbursable expenses as revenue as the related services are provided, using the right to invoice practical expedient. Reimbursable expenses are recognized as expenses in the period in which the expense is incurred. Any expense reimbursements that are billable to clients under fixed-fee billing arrangements are recognized in line with the proportionate performance approach. The payment terms and conditions in our customer contracts vary. The agreements entered into in connection with a project, whether time-and-materials-based or fixed-fee or capped-fee based, typically allow clients to terminate early due to breach or for convenience with 30 days’ notice. In the event of termination, the client is typically contractually required to pay for all time, materials and expenses incurred by the Company through the effective date of the termination. In addition, from time to time the Company enters into agreements with its clients that limit its ability to enter into business relationships with specific competitors of that client for a specific time period. These provisions typically prohibit the Company from performing a defined range of services which it might otherwise be willing to perform for potential clients. These provisions are generally limited to six to twelve months and usually apply only to specific employees or the specific project team. Sales tax collected from customers and remitted to the applicable taxing authorities is accounted for on a net basis, with no impact to revenue. Differences between the timing of billings and the recognition of revenue are recognized as either unbilled services or contract liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Revenue recognized for services performed but not yet billed to clients are recorded as unbilled services. Revenue recognized, but for which the Company is not yet entitled to bill because certain events, such as the completion of the measurement period, are recorded as contract assets and included within unbilled services. Client prepayments are classified as contract liabilities and recognized over future periods as earned in accordance with the applicable engagement agreement. See Note 3 for the accounts receivable and contract asset balances and see Note 4 for the contract liabilities balances. During the quarter and nine months ended September 27, 2019, the Company recognized $3.8 million and $12.0 million, respectively, of revenue as a result of changes in contract liabilities liability balance, as compared to $4.2 million and $14.0 million for the quarter and nine months ended September 28, 2018, respectively. The following table reflects the Company’s disaggregation of total revenue including reimbursable expenses for the quarters and nine months ended September 27, 2019 and September 28, 2018:
|  | Quarter Ended |  |  | Nine Months Ended |
|  | September 27, |  |  | September 28, |  |  | September 27, |  |  | September 28, |
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Consulting |  | $ | 65,971 |  |  | $ | 67,614 |  |  | $ | 194,710 |  |  | $ | 200,903 |
Software License Sales |  |  | 784 |  |  |  | 569 |  |  |  | 2,391 |  |  |  | 2,025 |
Revenue before reimbursements from continuing operations |  | $ | 66,755 |  |  | $ | 68,183 |  |  | $ | 197,101 |  |  | $ | 202,928 |
1. Basis of Presentation and General Information (continued) Capitalized Sales Commissions Sales commissions earned by our sales force are considered incremental and recoverable costs of obtaining a contract with a customer. These costs are deferred and then amortized as project revenue is recognized. We determined the period of amortization by taking into consideration the customer contract period, which are generally less than 12 months. Commission expense is included in Selling, General and Administrative Costs in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations. As of December 28, 2018, and December 29, 2017, the Company had $1.2 million and $1.4 million, respectively, of deferred commissions, of which $0.4 million and $0.9 million was amortized during the quarter and nine months of 2019 and $0.1 million and $0.7 million for the same periods in 2018. No impairment loss was recognized relating to the capitalization of deferred commission during either years. Practical Expedients The Company does not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for contracts with an original expected length of one year or less. The Company does not assess whether a contract has a significant financing component if the expectation at contract inception is such that the period between payment by the customer and the transfer of the promised goods or services to the customer will be less than one year.
Discontinued Operations | Discontinued Operations The Company’s European REL Working Capital group’s sales had declined over the past several years as European countries have experienced continued economic recoveries and improved cash balances. Companies are holding high cash reserves which drove working capital project sales of this group down across all of Europe. The REL practice had a limited pipeline of potential client engagements; therefore, the Company made the strategic decision to exit the business at the end of fiscal year 2018. The following table includes the carrying amounts of the major classes of assets and liabilities presented in discontinued operations in our consolidated balance sheet:
|  | September 27, |  |  | December 28, |
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts receivable and contract assets (no allowance as of September 27, 2019 and December 28, 2018) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 137 |
Assets related to discontinued operations |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 137 |
LIABILITIES |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accrued expenses and other liabilities (1) |  | $ | 22 |  |  | $ | 2,300 |
Liabilities related to discontinued operations |  | $ | 22 |  |  | $ | 2,300 |
(1) The balance at December 28, 2018, primarily represents the accrued severance related to terminated employees. |
1. Basis of Presentation and General Information (continued) The following table presents the gain and loss results for the Company’s discontinued operations:
|  | Quarter Ended |  |  | Nine Months Ended |
|  | September 27, |  |  | September 28, |  |  | September 27, |  |  | September 28, |
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenue before reimbursements |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 60 |  |  | $ | 75 |  |  | $ | 2,404 |
Reimbursements |  |  | — |  |  |  | 62 |  |  |  | 17 |  |  |  | 466 |
Total revenue |  |  | — |  |  |  | 122 |  |  |  | 92 |  |  |  | 2,870 |
Costs and expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of service: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Personnel costs before reimbursable expenses |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | 503 |  |  |  | 26 |  |  |  | 2,410 |
Reimbursable expenses |  |  | — |  |  |  | 62 |  |  |  | 17 |  |  |  | 466 |
Total cost of service |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | 565 |  |  |  | 43 |  |  |  | 2,876 |
Selling, general and administrative costs |  |  | (4 | ) |  |  | 183 |  |  |  | 52 |  |  |  | 785 |
Total costs and operating expenses |  |  | (2 | ) |  |  | 748 |  |  |  | 95 |  |  |  | 3,661 |
Income (loss) from discontinued operations before income taxes |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | (626 | ) |  |  | (3 | ) |  |  | (791 | )
Income tax expense (benefit) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (112 | ) |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | (192 | )
Income (loss) from discontinued operations |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | (514 | ) |  | $ | (4 | ) |  | $ | (599 | )
Fair Value | Fair Value The Company’s financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and contract assets, accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities and debt. As of September 27, 2019 and December 28, 2018, the carrying amount of each financial instrument approximated the instrument’s respective fair value due to the short-term nature and maturity of these instruments. The Company uses significant other observable market data or assumptions (Level 2 inputs as defined in accounting guidance) that it believes market participants would use in pricing debt. The fair value of the debt approximated the carrying amount, using Level 2 inputs, due to the short-term variable interest rates based on market rates.
Business Combinations | Business Combinations The Company applies the provisions of ASC 805, Business Combinations, in the accounting for its acquisitions, which requires recognition of the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed at their acquisition date fair values, separately from goodwill. Goodwill as of the acquisition date is measured as the excess of consideration transferred and the net of the acquisition date fair values of the tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed. While the Company uses its best estimates and assumptions to accurately value assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date as well as contingent consideration, where applicable, its estimates are inherently uncertain and subject to refinement. As a result, during the measurement period, that may be up to 12 months from the acquisition date, the Company records adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed with a corresponding adjustment to goodwill. Upon the conclusion of the measurement period or final determination of the values of assets acquired or liabilities assumed, whichever comes first, the impact of any subsequent adjustments is included in the consolidated statements of operations.
Recently Issued Accounting Standards | Recently Issued Accounting Standards In February 2016, the FASB issued guidance on leases which supersedes the current lease guidance. The core principle establishes a right-of-use (ROU) model that requires lessees to recognize the assets and liabilities that arise from nearly all leases on the balance sheet. Accounting applied by lessees has remain largely consistent with previous guidance. The Company adopted the amended guidance effective December 29, 2018, including interim periods within this fiscal year, using the effective date as the date of initial application. Consequently, on adoption, the Company recognized additional operating liabilities of approximately $9.0 million, with corresponding ROU assets of approximately the same amount based on the present value of the remaining minimum rental payments under current leasing standards for existing operating leases. The amended guidance did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated statements of comprehensive income or its consolidated statements of cash flows. See Note 5 for additional information. 1. Basis of Presentation and General Information (continued) In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-09, which affects a wide variety of topics in the Codification and applies to all reporting entities within the scope of the affected accounting guidance. The amendments in the ASU represent changes that clarify, correct errors in, or make minor improvements to the Codification. Ultimately, the amendments make the Codification easier to understand and apply by eliminating inconsistencies and providing clarifications. Some of the amendments in this ASU do not require transition guidance and are effective upon issuance of the ASU, while many of the amendments have transition guidance with effective dates for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018. The adoption of the amendments in this ASU did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, which eliminates Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. For public companies, this update will be effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted for interim and annual goodwill impairment test with a measurement date after January 1, 2017. The Company does not expect the guidance to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
Reclassifications | Reclassifications Certain prior period amounts in the consolidated financial statements, and notes thereto, have been reclassified to conform to current period presentation.

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