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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2024
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (a)Basis of Presentation The accompanying audited consolidated financial statements comprise the financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries. These consolidated financial statements have been prepared under the accrual basis of accounting in accordance with U.S. GAAP and conform to prevailing practices within the financial services industry, as applicable to the Company. The notes are an integral part of the Company’s consolidated financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements have been included and are of a normal and recurring nature. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Certain prior period presentations and disclosures, while not required to be recast, may be reclassified to ensure comparability with current period classifications. (b)Prior Period Immaterial Corrections Following an analysis of quantitative and qualitative factors in accordance with SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin 99, Materiality, the Company concluded that the errors below were immaterial to the previously issued consolidated financial statements, and thus, no restatement of any of the Company’s previously issued financial statements is necessary. The Company revised the reported balances to correct for the immaterial errors accordingly. During the first quarter of 2024, the Company identified and corrected immaterial errors impacting the December 31, 2023 balances previously reported related to Accrued compensation and profit sharing, Goodwill, Accounts payable and accrued expenses and certain other balances reported within Other liabilities, net. These revisions resulted in an adjustment to the opening retained earnings balance for the current reporting period of $(3.0) million, a $4.2 million increase in Accrued compensation and profit sharing, a $0.3 million decrease in Goodwill, a $0.6 million increase in Other liabilities, net, and a $0.3 million increase in Accounts payable and accrued expenses. In conjunction with the prior period immaterial error correction, certain reclassifications have been made to prior period amounts between our Non-controlling interest in subsidiaries and Additional paid-in capital which relate to the TRA Exchange of our Class B Units for shares of Class A Common Stock. These reclassifications resulted in an adjustment of $13.3 million and are reflected in our Consolidated Statement of Changes in Mezzanine Equity and Shareholders’ Equity. Additionally, a prior period reclassification of $0.6 million has been made between General, administrative and other expense and Management/advisory fees. These prior period reclassifications have no impact on the Company’s cash flows, net income, or total shareholders’ equity. Additionally, in the current reporting period, the Company reclassified the balances in its Consolidated Statement of Operations as of December 31, 2023 of the previously reported amounts for the line items Management/advisory fees and Professional fees, decreasing both balances by $3.4 million. (c)Reclassifications Due to presentation changes that occurred during the first quarter ended March 31, 2024, we made certain reclassifications in our Consolidated Financial Position on a prospective basis. These reclassifications are not directly comparable to the year ended December 31, 2023 and include a $4.8 million adjustment to decrease Accounts payable and accrued expenses and increase Accrued compensation and profit sharing as well as a $3.2 million adjustment to decrease Other liabilities, net and increase Accrued compensation and profit sharing. (d)Change in Accounting Principle During the three months ended December 31, 2024, the Company changed its classification related to the Allianz and Constellation Warrants from liability-classified to equity-classified within the Statement of Financial Position. The Company changed its accounting principle relating to our interpretation of certain contingent settlement provisions within the Allianz and Constellation Warrants and permissibility of related settlement adjustments under ASC 815-40, Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity. The Company believes this change in accounting principle is preferable as the Allianz and Constellation Warrants meet the equity scope exception under ASC 815-40, Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity, and the economic substance of the Allianz and Constellation Warrants more closely aligns with that of an equity instrument, and how we measure the operating performance of the Company. This change in accounting policy has been applied retrospectively to the year-ended December 31, 2024. As a result of the accounting change, the Company reclassified the $9.6 million liability for the Allianz and Constellation Warrants as a component of equity within Additional paid-in capital on the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position. The Company adjusted net income (loss) and Additional paid-in capital to reverse previously recorded mark-to-market fair value changes of the liability-classified warrants recorded as of the first quarter ended March 31, 2024 of $(0.3) million, as of the second quarter ended June 30, 2024 of $0.4 million, and as of the third quarter ended September 30, 2024 of $3.9 million. There was no impact to any other prior periods as the Allianz and Constellation Warrants were issued during 2024. Further, there is no material impact to the initial carrying values of other equity instruments issued in the Allianz and Constellation Transactions as a result of the change in the classification of the Allianz and Constellation Warrants. (e)Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make assumptions and estimates that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements of the Company. The most critical of these estimates are related to (i) the fair value of the investments included in the Billable Assets within AUM/AUA, as this impacts the amount of revenues the Company recognizes each period; (ii) the fair values of the Company’s investments and liabilities with respect to the TRA, and Earn-out Securities, as changes in these fair values have a direct impact on the Company’s consolidated net income (loss); (iii) the estimate of future taxable income, which impacts the realizability and carrying amount of the Company’s deferred income tax assets; (iv) the qualitative and quantitative assessments of whether impairments of equity method investments, carried interest vehicles, acquired intangible assets, and goodwill exist; and (v) the determination of whether to consolidate a variable interest entity (“VIE”); and (vi) fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in business combinations, including assumptions with respect to future cash inflows and outflows, discount rates, assets’ useful lives, market multiples, the allocation of purchase price consideration in the business combination valuation of acquired assets and liabilities, the estimated useful lives of intangible assets, goodwill impairment testing, assumptions used to calculate equity-based compensation, and the realization of deferred tax assets. Inherent in such estimates are judgments relating to future cash flows, which include the Company’s interpretation of current economic indicators and market valuations, and assumptions about the Company’s strategic plans with regard to its operations. While management believes that the estimates utilized in preparing the consolidated financial statements are reasonable and prudent, actual results could differ materially from those estimates. (f)Consolidation The Company consolidates those entities in which it has a direct or indirect controlling financial interest based on either a variable interest model or voting interest model. The Company determines whether an entity should be consolidated by first evaluating whether it holds a variable interest in the entity. Entities that are not VIEs are further evaluated for consolidation under the voting interest model (“VOE” model). An entity is considered to be a VIE if any of the following conditions exist: (a) the total equity investment at risk is not sufficient to permit the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support, (b) the holders of equity investment at risk, as a group, lack either the direct or indirect ability through voting rights or similar rights to make decisions that have a significant effect on the success of the entity or the obligation to absorb the expected losses or right to receive the expected residual returns, or (c) the voting rights of some equity investors are disproportionate to their obligation to absorb losses of the entity, their rights to receive returns from an entity, or both and substantially all of the entity’s activities either involve or are conducted on behalf of an investor with disproportionately few voting rights. Fees that are customary and commensurate with the level of services provided by the Company, and where the Company does not hold other economic interests in the entity that would absorb more than an insignificant amount of the expected losses or returns of the entity, are not considered a variable interest. The Company factors in all economic interests, including proportionate interests through related parties, to determine if fees are considered a variable interest. Where the Company’s interests in funds are primarily management fees and insignificant direct or indirect equity interests through related parties, the Company is not considered to have a variable interest in such entities. The Company consolidates all VIEs for which it is the primary beneficiary. An entity is determined to be the primary beneficiary if it holds a controlling financial interest, which is defined as having (a) the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance and (b) the obligation to absorb losses of the entity or the right to receive benefits from the entity that could potentially be significant to the VIE. The Company does not consolidate any of the products it manages as it does not hold any direct or indirect interests in such entities that could expose the Company to an obligation to absorb losses of an entity or the right to receive benefits from an entity that could potentially be significant to such entities. The Company determines whether it is the primary beneficiary of a VIE at the time it becomes involved with a VIE and continuously reconsiders that conclusion. In evaluating whether the Company is the primary beneficiary, the Company evaluates its direct and indirect economic interests in the entity. The consolidation analysis is generally performed qualitatively, however, if the primary beneficiary is not readily determinable, a quantitative analysis may also be performed. This analysis requires judgment, including: (1) determining whether the equity investment at risk is sufficient to permit the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support, (2) evaluating whether the equity holders, as a group, can make decisions that have a significant effect on the success of the entity, (3) determining whether two or more parties’ equity interests should be aggregated, (4) determining whether the equity investors have proportionate voting rights to their obligations to absorb losses or rights to receive returns from an entity and (5) evaluating the nature of relationships and activities of the parties involved in determining which party within a related-party group is most closely associated with a VIE and therefore would be deemed the primary beneficiary. Under the voting interest model, the Company consolidates those entities it controls through a majority voting interest. The Company will generally not consolidate those voting interest entities where a single investor or simple majority of third-party investors with equity have the ability to exercise substantive kick-out or participation rights. (g)Revenue Recognition Revenue is recognized when the Company transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. A five-step framework is utilized that requires an entity to: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer, which includes assessing the collectability of the consideration to which it will be entitled in exchange for the goods or services transferred to the customer, (ii) identify the performance obligation in the contract, (iii) determine the transaction price, (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligation in the contract, and (v) recognize revenue when the entity satisfies a performance obligation. Management/Advisory Fees Revenues from contracts with customers consist of investment management, trustee, and custody fees. The Company recognizes revenue at the time of transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. Revenue recognized is calculated based on contractual terms, including the transaction price, whether a distinct performance obligation has been satisfied and control is transferred to the customer, and when collection of the revenue is assessed as probable. Investment management, trustee and custody fees are recognized over the period in which the investment management services are performed, using a time-based output method to measure progress. The amount of revenue varies from one reporting period to another as levels of AUA change (from inflows, outflows, and market movements) and the number of days in the reporting period change. For services provided to each client account, the Company charges an investment management fee, inclusive of custody and/or trustee fees, based on the fair value of the AUA of such account representing a single performance obligation. For assets for which valuations are not available on a daily basis, the most recent valuation provided to the Company is used as the fair value for the purpose of calculating the quarterly fee. In certain circumstances, fixed fees are charged to customers on a monthly basis. The nature of the Company’s performance obligation is to provide a series of distinct services in which the customer receives the benefits of the services over time. The Company’s performance obligation is satisfied at the end of each month or quarter, as applicable to the contract with the customer. Fees are charged on a mixture of methodologies that include quarterly in arrears based upon the market value at the end of the quarter, quarterly based on the average daily balance, or monthly. Receivable balances from contracts with customers are included in the fees receivable line in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position. Our family office services business is also included in the Management/advisory fees line item. Family office services fees are generally structured to reflect an annual agreed upon fee or they can be structured on a project/time-based fee. Family office services fees are typically billed quarterly in arrears. We also generate family office services project/time-based fees arising from accounting, administration fees, set up, the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (“FATCA”), and other non-investment advisory services. Incentive Fees The Company is entitled to incentive fees if targeted returns have been achieved in accordance with customer contracts. Incentive fees are calculated using a percentage of net profit from the amount the customers earn. Incentive fees are variable consideration that is generally calculated as applicable to the contract with the customer. We recognize our incentive fees when it is no longer probable that a significant reversal of revenue will occur. Our incentive fees are not subject to clawback provisions. Other Fees/Income The Company generates arrangement fees from Real Estate Co-Investment transactions by arranging private debt or equity financing, generally in connection with an acquisition or an investment. Arrangement fees are typically 50 to 100 basis points of equity value contributed to a transaction, and are payable upon closing of the transaction. Acquisition fees are typically payable where there are no agency fees or where an off-market transaction was sourced. Such acquisition fees are usually in the range of 50 to 100 basis points of the purchase price of the relevant acquisition. The equity structures are long-term (five to ten years) closed-ended structures with fees normally ranging between 50 and 175 basis points of the equity value committed or drawn. The debt structure terms are generally between 12 and 36 months. The investment adviser, general partner or other entity entitled to fees in respect of each of our co-investments receives such fees either monthly, quarterly or annually. (h)Distributions from Investments The Company has equity interests in External Strategic Managers pursuant to which it is entitled to distributions based on the terms of the respective arrangements. Distributions from each investment will be recorded upon receipt of the distribution. These distributions are recurring under investment agreements and are structured as either a profit or revenue share of the investment’s management and incentive fees. (i)Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents primarily consist of cash and money market funds. Cash balances maintained by consolidated VIEs are not considered legally restricted and are included in cash and cash equivalents on the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position. Cash was held across our U.S. and international markets. A majority of cash in the U.S. was held in checking accounts within the credit facility bank group, including at a major global financial institution which management believes is creditworthy. (j)Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents Restricted cash and cash equivalents consist of balances that are restricted as to withdrawal or usage. As of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, restricted cash and cash equivalents amounted to $9.9 million and $5.4 million, respectively, and are included in the line item Cash and cash equivalents on the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position as of such dates. These amounts represent the level of liquidity to be maintained by the Company’s certain subsidiaries to meet regulatory requirements. Failing to meet the requirement could lead to censure, fines, and ultimately a loss of license. (k)Compensation and Employee Benefits Cash-Based Compensation Compensation and benefits consist of salaries, bonuses, commissions, benefits and payroll taxes. Compensation is accrued over the related service period. Equity-Based Compensation Equity-based compensation awards are reviewed to determine whether such awards are equity-classified or liability-classified. Compensation expense related to equity-classified awards is equal to their grant-date fair value and generally recognized on a straight-line basis over the awards’ requisite service period for time-based awards or recognized over a graded-vesting period for awards with both a service and market condition, as applicable. When certain settlement features require an award to be liability-classified, compensation expense is recognized over the service period, and such amount is adjusted at each statement of financial position date through the settlement date to the then current fair value of such award. The Company recognizes equity-based award forfeitures in the period they occur as a reversal of previously recognized compensation expense. The reduction in compensation expense is determined based on the specific awards forfeited during that period. Furthermore, the Company recognizes all excess tax benefits and deficiencies as income tax benefits or expenses in the Consolidated Statement of Operations. (l)Foreign Currency and Transactions The Company has multiple functional currencies across various consolidated entities. All functional currencies that are not the U.S. dollar are converted upon consolidation at the reporting date. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currency are remeasured into U.S. dollars at the closing rates of exchange on the date of the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position. Non-monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are remeasured into U.S. dollars using the historical exchange rate. The profit or loss arising from foreign currency transactions is remeasured using the rate in effect on the date of the relevant transaction. Gains and losses on transactions denominated in foreign currencies due to changes in exchange rates are recorded within Foreign currency translation adjustments. Gains and losses on certain financing transactions that the Company intends to repay in the foreseeable future are recorded in net income. (m)Income Taxes The Company accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method in accordance with ASC 740, Income Taxes. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between the consolidated financial statement carrying amounts and tax bases of assets and liabilities and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards and are measured using the enacted tax rates that are expected to be in effect when the differences reverse. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Operations in the period that includes the enactment date. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to an amount that, in the opinion of management, is more likely than not to not be realized, meaning the likelihood of realization is less than 50%. The Company accounts for uncertain tax positions by reporting a liability for unrecognizable tax benefits resulting from uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. The Company recognizes interest and penalties, if any, related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense. (n)Other Assets, Net and Other Liabilities, Net Other assets, net include prepaid expenses, miscellaneous receivables, current income taxes receivable, fixed assets, and software licenses. The Company amortizes assets over their respective useful lives, as applicable. Other liabilities, net include the AlTi Wealth Management (Switzerland) SA, formerly known as Alvarium Investment Managers (Suisse) SA, (“AWMS”) deferred cash consideration (see Note 3 (Business Combinations and Divestitures)), Pointwise Partners Limited (“PW”) deferred consideration, accrued payroll and payroll related taxes, accrued legal fees, and corporate taxes payable, among other miscellaneous payables. (o)Investments Investments in Debt Securities. The Company classifies debt investments as held-to-maturity or trading based on the Company’s intent and ability to hold the debt security to maturity or its intent to sell the security. The Company does not have any held-to-maturity debt investments. Trading securities are those investments that are purchased principally for the purpose of selling them in the near term. Trading securities are carried at fair value on the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position with changes in fair value recorded in Loss on investments on the Consolidated Statement of Operations. Investments in Equity Securities. Equity securities are generally carried at fair value on the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position in accordance with ASC 321, Investments – Equity Securities. Changes in fair value are recorded in Loss on investments on the Consolidated Statement of Operations. Equity Method. The Company applies the equity method of accounting for equity investments where the Company does not consolidate the investee but can exert significant influence over the financial and operating policies of the investee. The evaluation of whether the Company exerts control or significant influence over the financial and operational policies of its investees is based on the facts and circumstances surrounding each individual investment. The Company’s share of the investee’s underlying net income or loss is recorded as Loss on investments within current period earnings. The Company’s share of net income of the investee is recorded based upon the most current information available at the time, which may precede the date of the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position. Due to the nature and size of its investees, the Company has adopted a lag in reporting for certain equity method investees for which the Company cannot reliably obtain financial information on a regular basis. Distributions received reduce the Company’s carrying value of the investee and the cost basis if deemed to be a return of capital. For certain investments, the Company may apply the alternative fair value option to the investment at initial measurement. The fair value measurement of investments in which the fair value option is elected will be measured in accordance with ASC 825, Financial Instruments. For equity method investments and nonmarketable investments, impairment evaluation considers qualitative factors, including the financial conditions and specific events related to an investee, which may indicate the fair value of the investment is less than the carrying value. For held-to-maturity investments, impairment is evaluated using market values, when available, or the expected cash flows of the investment. These losses in value may be considered other than temporary impairment losses. (p)Leases The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception of the arrangement and primarily enters into operating leases, as the lessee, for office space. The Company accounts for its leases in accordance with ASC 842, Leases, and recognizes a lease liability and right-of-use asset in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position for contracts that it determines are leases or contain a lease. The Company evaluates leases at their inception to determine if they are to be accounted for as an operating lease or a finance lease. A lease is accounted for as a finance lease if it meets one of the following five criteria: (i) the lease has a purchase option that is reasonably certain of being exercised, (ii) the present value of the future cash flows is substantially all of the fair market value of the underlying asset, (iii) the lease term is for a significant portion of the remaining economic life of the underlying asset, (iv) the title to the underlying asset transfers at the end of the lease term, or (v) if the underlying asset is of such a specialized nature that it is expected to have no alternative uses to the lessor at the end of the term. Leases that do not meet the finance lease criteria are accounted for as an operating lease. At the inception of a finance lease, an asset and finance lease obligation are recorded at an amount equal to the lesser of the present value of the minimum lease payments and the property’s fair market value. Finance lease obligations are classified as either current or long-term based on the due dates of future lease payments, net of interest. The Company’s lease portfolio primarily consists of operating leases for office space in various countries around the world. The Company also has operating leases for office equipment and vehicles, which are not significant. The Company does not separate non-lease components from lease components for its office space and equipment operating leases and instead accounts for each separate lease component and its associated non-lease component as a single lease component. Right-of-use assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the leases. The Company’s right-of-use assets and lease liabilities are recognized at lease commencement based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. Lease right-of-use assets include initial direct costs incurred by the Company and are presented net of deferred rent and lease incentives. Absent an implicit interest rate in the lease, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate, adjusted for the effects of collateralization, based on the information available at commencement in determining the present value of lease payments. The Company’s lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise those options. Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Lease right-of-use assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable. The Company does not recognize a lease liability or right-of-use asset on the balance for short-term leases. Instead, the Company recognizes short-term lease payments as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term. A short-term lease is defined as a lease that, at the commencement date, has a lease term of 12 months or less and does not include an option to purchase the underlying asset that the lessee is reasonably certain to exercise. When determining whether a lease qualifies as a short-term lease, the Company evaluates the lease term and the purchase option in the same manner as all other leases. (q)Intangible Assets Other Than Goodwill, Net The Company recognized certain finite-lived intangible assets as a result of the Business Combination. The Company’s finite-lived intangible assets consist of Customer Relationships, Trade Names, Investment Management Agreements, Internally Developed Software and Backlog. Finite-lived intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. The Company tests finite-lived intangible assets for impairment if certain events occur or circumstances change indicating that the carrying amount of the intangible asset may not be recoverable. The Company evaluates impairment by comparing the estimated fair value attributable to the intangible asset with its carrying amount. If an impairment exists, the Company adjusts the carrying value to equal the fair value by taking a charge through earnings. The Company also recognized certain indefinite-lived intangible assets as a result of the Business Combination consisting of certain investment management agreements. These indefinite-lived intangibles are not subject to amortization, but are evaluated for impairment at least annually. In assessing its indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment, the Company has the option to first perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether events or circumstances exist that lead to a determination that it is unlikely that the fair value of the indefinite-lived intangible asset is less than its carrying amount. If the Company determines that it is unlikely that the fair value of an indefinite-lived intangible asset is less than its carrying amount, the Company is not required to perform any additional tests in assessing the asset for impairment. However, if the Company concludes otherwise or elects not to perform the qualitative assessment, then it is required to perform a quantitative analysis to determine if the fair value of an indefinite-lived intangible asset is less than its carrying value. If through this quantitative analysis the Company determines the fair value of an indefinite-lived intangible asset exceeds its carrying amount, the indefinite-lived intangible asset is considered not to be impaired. If the Company concludes that the fair value of an indefinite-lived intangible asset is less than its carrying value, an impairment loss will be recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the indefinite-lived intangible asset’s fair value. See Note 11 (Intangible Assets, net) for details on impairments. (r)Goodwill Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price in a business combination over the fair value of the tangible and intangible assets acquired and the liabilities assumed. Under ASC 350, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other, goodwill is not amortized, but rather is subject to an annual impairment test. Goodwill represents the excess of consideration over identifiable net assets of an acquired business. Goodwill is allocated at a reporting unit level. The Company has two reporting units, Wealth & Capital Solutions and International Real Estate, and tests goodwill annually for impairment at each reporting unit. If, after assessing qualitative factors, the Company believes that it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit inclusive of goodwill is less than its carrying amount, the Company will perform a quantitative assessment to determine whether an impairment exists. If an impairment exists, the Company adjusts the carrying value of goodwill so that the carrying value of the reporting unit is equal to its fair value by taking a charge through earnings. The Company also tests goodwill for impairment in other periods if an event occurs or circumstances change such that it is more-likely-than-not to reduce the fair value of the reporting unit below its carrying amount. See Note 14 (Goodwill, net) for details on impairments. (s)Fixed Assets, Net Fixed assets are recorded at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization, and are included in the “Other assets” line item in the Company’s Consolidated Statement of Financial Position. Fixed assets are depreciated or amortized on a straight-line basis, with the corresponding depreciation and amortization expense included within general, administrative and other expenses in the Company’s Consolidated Statement of Operations. The estimated useful life for leasehold improvements is the lesser of the remaining lease term and the life of the asset, while other fixed assets are generally depreciated over a period of one to ten years. Fixed assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. (t)Debt Obligations, Net The Company’s debt obligations are recorded at amortized cost, net of any debt issuance costs, discounts and premiums. Debt issuance costs are deferred and along with discounts and premiums are amortized to interest expense in the Consolidated Statement of Operations over the life of the related debt instrument using the effective interest method. Unamortized debt issuance costs, discounts and premiums are written off to net losses on retirement of debt in the Consolidated Statement of Operations when the Company prepays borrowings prior to maturity. (u)Tax Receivable Agreement The TRA liability represents amounts payable to certain pre-Business Combination equity holders of the Company. The portion of the TRA liability related to the Business Combination is deemed contingent consideration payable to the previous owners and is carried at fair value, with changes in fair value reported within Gain (loss) on TRA in the Consolidated Statement of Operations. Future exchanges of Class B Units for shares of Class A Common Stock may increase the TRA liability. Those increases will be carried at a value equal to the expected future payments due under the TRA. See Note 20 (Commitments and Contingencies) for a detailed discussion on TRA exchanges. For future changes in the TRA balance due to exchanges, the Company will record an initial estimate of future payments under the TRA portion as an adjustment to Additional paid-in capital in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position. Subsequent adjustments to the liability for future payments under the TRA related to changes in estimated future tax rates or state income tax apportionment are recognized through current period earnings in the Consolidated Statement of Operations. (v)Warrant Liabilities The Company evaluated the Warrants issued in connection with the Business Combination in accordance with ASC 815-40, Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity, and concluded that a provision in the warrant agreement related to certain tender or exchange offers precludes the Warrants from being accounted for as components of equity. As the Warrants meet the definition of a derivative, the Warrants are recorded as derivative liabilities on the balance sheet and measured at fair value at each reporting date in accordance with ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement, with changes in fair value recognized in Loss on warrant liability in the Consolidated Statement of Operations in the period of change. Prior to the Business Combination the Sponsor held private warrants that were contributed to the Company and legally cancelled. The contribution and cancellation of these warrants resulted in derecognition of the private warrants and accounted for in Additional paid-in capital as of January 1, 2023. The Company subsequently issued new warrants with terms identical to those of the public warrants to the Target Companies’ selling shareholders classified as derivative liabilities. See Note 1 (Description of the Business) and Note 15 (Debt, net of unamortized deferred financing) for detail on warrant transactions entered into by the Company. (w)Earn-out Liabilities, at Fair Value The Earn-out liabilities, at fair value, represents contingent consideration payable related to the Business Combination and various acquisitions by the Company. Changes in fair value are recognized in Gain (loss) on earnout liabilities in the Consolidated Statement of Operations and in Fair value (gain) loss on earnout liability in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows in the period of change. See Note 3 (Business Combinations and Divestitures) and Note 20 (Commitments and Contingencies) for further information. (x)Preferred Stock Tranche Liability, at Fair Value The Preferred stock tranche liability, at fair value, represents the right, but not the obligation, of Allianz to purchase up to 50,000 additional shares of Series A Preferred Stock up to an aggregate amount equal to $50 million. Changes in fair value are recognized in Gain (loss) on on preferred stock tranche liability in the Consolidated Statement of Operations in the period of change. See Note 1 (Description of the Business), Note 7 (Fair Value Disclosures), and Note 15 (Debt, net of unamortized deferred financing cost) for additional detail related to the Preferred stock tranche liability. (y)Equity-Classified Warrants In connection with the Allianz and Constellation Transactions, the Company issued warrants to purchase shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock. The Company evaluated the Allianz and Constellation Warrants in accordance with ASC 815-40, Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity, and determined that the warrants are derivatives that meet the fixed-for-fixed equity classification criteria. As such, the Allianz and Constellation Warrants are classified as a component of equity in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position. (z)Delayed Share Purchase Agreement Prior to the Business Combination, TWMH entered into an agreement to purchase a remaining non-controlling interest in its consolidated subsidiary representing 51.1% of shares in TIH. This arrangement was agreed upon for consideration of $2.1 million in cash and $1.2 million in Class A Common Stock. On March 25, 2024, the TIH SPA was fully paid. As of December 31, 2023, the Delayed share purchase agreement liability was $1.8 million and the portion of the Delayed share purchase agreement reported in Accrued compensation and profit sharing was $0.3 million. The stock purchase price was recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition as Additional paid-in capital. As of December 31, 2023, the portion of the delayed share purchase agreement reported in Additional paid-in capital was $1.2 million. (aa)Non-controlling Interests Non-controlling interests in the net assets of consolidated subsidiaries are identified separately from the Company’s equity. Non-controlling interests consist of the amount of those interests at the date of the original Business Combination and the minority’s share of changes in equity since the date of the Business Combination. The proportions of profit and loss and changes in equity allocated to the owners of the parent and to the non-controlling interests are determined on the basis of existing ownership interests. (ab)Derivative Financial Instruments The Company accounts for derivative financial instruments in accordance with ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging, which requires the Company to recognize all derivative instruments on the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position as either assets or liabilities and to measure them at fair value each reporting period unless they qualify for normal purchases and normal sales exception. Normal purchases and normal sales contracts are those that provide for the purchase or sale of something other than a financial instrument or derivative instrument that will be delivered in quantities expected to be used or sold by a reporting entity over a reasonable period in the normal course of business. In connection with the LXi disposal, the Company determined the contingent consideration meets the definition of a derivative and is recorded as Contingent consideration receivable on the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position as of December 31, 2024. The Contingent consideration receivable will be remeasured at fair value at each reporting date in accordance with ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement, with changes in fair value recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Operations in the period of change. (ac)Segment Reporting Our business is organized into two operating segments: Wealth & Capital Solutions and International Real Estate. As of the third quarter ended September 30, 2024, the Company changed the composition of its reportable segments and recast prior period amounts to conform to the Company’s current period segment information. Segment information is utilized by the Company’s chief operating decision maker, which is our Chief Executive Officer, to assess performance and to allocate resources. See Note 1 (Description of the Business) and Note 18 (Segment Reporting) for further information. (ad)Interest Income Interest income is earned on the Company’s cash balances, money market accounts, or through its investments in exchange-traded notes. These generally include debt securities held on a short- or medium-term basis when the Company has excess cash. The Company recognizes and records interest income in Interest income in the Consolidated Statement of Operations. Dividend income is earned through investments in common stock, mutual funds, and exchange-traded funds. Dividend income is recorded on the date received and is included in Interest income in the Consolidated Statement of Operations. (ae)Interest Expense Interest is related to the Company’s debt as well as investments in exchange-traded notes. These generally include debt securities held on a short- or medium-term basis when the Company has excess cash. The Company recognizes and records interest expense in Interest expense in the Consolidated Statement of Operations. (af)Other Income and Expenses Other than Interest income and Interest expense discussed above, other income and expenses include unrealized gains (losses) on investments, income from equity method investees, and other items. The Company holds investments in common stock, mutual funds, exchange-traded funds, and exchange-traded notes, which represent investments in equity and debt securities. The Company earns realized and unrealized gains and losses which depend on investment performance. Changes in fair value of these investments are recorded in Gain (loss) on investments in the Consolidated Statement of Operations. The Company holds interests in various affiliated limited partnerships and limited liability companies, whose purpose is to achieve capital appreciation through investments in financial instruments and investment vehicles. The Company accounts for investments in which it has significant influence but not a controlling financial interest using the equity method of accounting and may earn income related to its equity in income of equity method investees. The equity method investments are in various fund complexes, including funds focused on infrastructure and utilities, high income yields, and multi-strategy, among others. Changes in fair value of these investments are recorded in Gain (loss) on investments in the Consolidated Statement of Operations. (ag)Held for Sale Accounting In circumstances when the Company is evaluating its components, we may establish plans that require us to evaluate whether a component qualifies for held-for-sale accounting under ASC 360, Property, Plant, and Equipment. If a sale is deemed probable within a twelve-month period, the component is classified to either the assets held for sale or liabilities held for sale line items on the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position. The disposal group will be measured at the lower of its carrying amount or fair value less the cost to sell. Any long-lived assets shall not be depreciated or amortized while classified as held for sale. Assets and liabilities of FOS and LRA are presented as held for sale on our Consolidated Statement of Financial Position as of December 31, 2023. See Note 3 (Business Combinations and Divestitures) for further information. (ah)Recent Accounting Pronouncements In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280) - Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures. The amendments in this update improve reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company has incorporated the requirements of this guidance into its consolidated financial statements. In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740) - Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. The amendments in this update related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid disclosures improve the transparency of income tax disclosures by requiring (1) consistent categories and greater disaggregation of information in the rate reconciliation and (2) income taxes paid disaggregated by jurisdiction. The amendments are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company does not expect the impact of this guidance to be material to its consolidated financial statements. In January 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-01, Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718) - Scope Application of Profits Interest and Similar Awards. The amendments in this update improve US GAAP by adding an illustrative example that demonstrates how an entity should apply the scope guidance in paragraph 718-10-15-3 to determine whether a profits interest award should be accounted for in accordance with Topic 718. The amendments in paragraph 718-10-15-3 improve its overall clarity and operability without changing the guidance. The amendments are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024, and interim periods within annual periods beginning after December 15, 2025, with early adoption permitted. The Company does not expect the impact of this guidance to be material to its consolidated financial statements. In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40). The amendments in this update require disclosure, in the notes to financial statements, of specified information about certain costs and expenses at each interim and annual reporting period. The amendments are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and reporting periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. The Company does not expect the impact of this guidance to be material to its consolidated financial statements. The Company has considered all newly issued accounting guidance that is applicable to its operations and the preparation of its audited consolidated statements, including those it has not yet adopted. ASUs not listed above were assessed and either determined to be not applicable or expected to have minimal impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

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