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SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2024
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES |
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES | NOTE 2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES ​ Interim Financial Information ​ The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission. These unaudited consolidated financial statements do not include all of the information and notes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for complete financial statements, and should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, which provides a more complete understanding of the Company’s accounting policies, financial position, operating results, business, properties, and other matters. The unaudited consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments which are, in the opinion of management, necessary to present fairly the financial position of the Company and the results of operations for the interim periods. ​ The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2024. Principles of Consolidation ​ The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, its wholly owned subsidiaries, and other entities in which we have a controlling interest. Any real estate entities or properties included in the consolidated financial statements have been consolidated only for the periods that such entities or properties were owned or under control by us. All inter-company balances and transactions have been eliminated in the consolidated financial statements. As of September 30, 2024, the Company has an equity investment in PINE. Segment Reporting ​ ASC Topic 280, Segment Reporting, establishes standards related to the manner in which enterprises report operating segment information. The Company operates in four primary business segments including income properties, management services, commercial loans and investments, and real estate operations, as further discussed within Note 22, “Business Segment Data”. The Company has no other reportable segments. The Company’s chief executive officer, who is the chief operating decision maker, reviews financial information on a disaggregated basis for purposes of allocating and evaluating financial performance. Real Estate The Company’s real estate assets are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Such assets are depreciated on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. Renewals and betterments are capitalized to the applicable property accounts. The cost of maintenance and repairs is expensed as incurred. The cost of property retired or otherwise disposed of, and the related accumulated depreciation or amortization, are removed from the accounts, and any resulting gain or loss is recorded in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations. The amount of depreciation of real estate, exclusive of amortization related to intangible assets, recognized for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023, was $8.0 million and $6.8 million, respectively. The amount of depreciation of real estate, exclusive of amortization related to intangible assets, recognized for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023, was $21.2 million and $19.1 million, respectively. Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Financial Statements ​ The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Among other factors, fluctuating market conditions that can exist in the national real estate markets and the volatility and uncertainty in the financial and credit markets make it possible that the estimates and assumptions, most notably those related to the Company’s investments in income properties, could change materially due to continued volatility in the real estate and financial markets, or as a result of a significant dislocation in those markets. Cash and Cash Equivalents ​ Cash and cash equivalents includes cash on hand, bank demand accounts, and money market accounts having original maturities of 90 days or less. The Company’s bank balances as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 include certain amounts over the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation limits. ​ Restricted Cash ​ Restricted cash totaled $1.7 million at September 30, 2024, which is being held in four interest and/or real estate tax reserve accounts related to the Company’s commercial loans and investments. ​ Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activity ​ The Company accounts for its cash flow hedging derivatives in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 815-20, Derivatives and Hedging. Depending upon the hedge’s value at each balance sheet date, the derivatives are included in either other assets or accrued and other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet at their fair value. On the date each interest rate swap was entered into, the Company designated the derivatives as a hedge of the variability of cash flows to be paid related to the recognized long-term debt liabilities. ​ The Company documented the relationship between the hedging instruments and the hedged item, as well as its risk-management objective and strategy for undertaking the hedge transactions. At the hedges’ inception, the Company assessed whether the derivatives that are used in hedging the transactions are highly effective in offsetting changes in cash flows of the hedged items, and we will continue to do so on a quarterly basis. ​ Changes in fair value of the hedging instruments that are highly effective and designated and qualified as cash-flow hedges are recorded in other comprehensive income and loss, until earnings are affected by the variability in cash flows of the designated hedged items (see Note 16, “Interest Rate Swaps”). ​ Fair Value of Financial Instruments ​ The carrying amounts of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities including cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued and other liabilities at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, approximate fair value because of the short maturity of these instruments. The carrying value of the Company’s Credit Facility (hereinafter defined) as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, approximates current market rates for revolving credit arrangements with similar risks and maturities. The face value of the Company’s fixed rate commercial loans and investments, the 2026 Term Loan (hereinafter defined), the 2027 Term Loan (hereinafter defined), the 2028 Term Loan (hereinafter defined), the 2029 Term Loan (hereinafter defined), mortgage note, and convertible debt held as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 are measured at fair value based on current market rates for financial instruments with similar risks and maturities (see Note 8, “Fair Value of Financial Instruments”). ​ Fair Value Measurements ​ The Company’s estimates of fair value of financial and non-financial assets and liabilities is based on the framework established by U.S. GAAP. The framework specifies a hierarchy of valuation inputs which was established to increase consistency, clarity and comparability in fair value measurements and related disclosures. U.S. GAAP describes a fair value hierarchy based upon three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value, two of which are considered observable and one that is considered unobservable. The following describes the three levels:
| ● | Level 1 – Valuation is based upon quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
| ● | Level 2 – Valuation is based upon inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.
| ● | Level 3 – Valuation is generated from model-based techniques that use at least one significant assumption not observable in the market. These unobservable assumptions reflect estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Valuation techniques include option pricing models, discounted cash flow models and similar techniques.
​ Recognition of Interest Income from Commercial Loans and Investments ​ Interest income on commercial loans and investments includes interest payments made by the borrower and the accretion of purchase discounts and loan origination fees, offset by the amortization of loan costs. Interest payments are accrued based on the actual coupon rate and the outstanding principal balance and purchase discounts and loan origination fees are accreted into income using the effective yield method, adjusted for prepayments. ​ Mitigation Credits ​ Mitigation credits are stated at historical cost. As these assets are sold, the related revenues and cost of sales are reported as revenues from, and direct costs of, real estate operations, respectively, in the consolidated statements of operations. As of September 30, 2024, the Company had disposed of all of its remaining mitigation credits. ​ ​ Accounts Receivable ​ Accounts receivable related to income properties, which are classified in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets, primarily consist of accrued tenant reimbursable expenses and other tenant receivables. Receivables related to income property tenants totaled $5.1 million and $4.6 million as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. ​ Accounts receivable related to real estate operations, which are classified in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets, totaled $0.6 million as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The accounts receivable as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 are primarily related to the reimbursement of certain infrastructure costs completed by the Company in conjunction with two land sale transactions that closed during the fourth quarter of 2015 as more fully described in Note 11, “Other Assets.” ​ The collectability of the aforementioned receivables shall be considered and adjusted through an allowance for doubtful accounts which is included in income property revenue on the consolidated statements of operations. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company’s allowance for doubtful accounts totaled $2.2 million and $1.7 million, respectively. ​ Purchase Accounting for Acquisitions of Real Estate Subject to a Lease ​ Investments in real estate are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, if any. The cost of investments in real estate reflects their purchase price or development cost. We evaluate each acquisition transaction to determine whether the acquired asset meets the definition of a business. Under ASU 2017-01, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business, an acquisition does not qualify as a business when there is no substantive process acquired or substantially all of the fair value is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or group of similar identifiable assets or the acquisition does not include a substantive process in the form of an acquired workforce or an acquired contract that cannot be replaced without significant cost, effort or delay. Transaction costs related to acquisitions that are asset acquisitions are capitalized as part of the cost basis of the acquired assets, while transaction costs for acquisitions that are deemed to be acquisitions of a business are expensed as incurred. Improvements and replacements are capitalized when they extend the useful life or improve the productive capacity of the asset. Costs of repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred. In accordance with FASB guidance, the fair value of the real estate acquired with in-place leases is allocated to the acquired tangible assets, consisting of land, building and tenant improvements, and identified intangible assets and liabilities, consisting of the value of above-market and below-market leases, the value of in-place leases, and the value of leasing costs, based in each case on their relative fair values. In allocating the fair value of the identified intangible assets and liabilities of an acquired property, above-market and below-market in-place lease values are recorded as other assets or liabilities based on the present value. The capitalized above-market lease values are amortized as a reduction of rental income over the remaining terms of the respective leases. The capitalized below-market lease values are amortized as an increase to rental income over the initial term unless management believes that it is likely that the tenant will renew the lease upon expiration, in which case the Company amortizes the value attributable to the renewal over the renewal period. The value of in-place leases and leasing costs are amortized to expense over the remaining non-cancelable periods of the respective leases. If a lease were to be terminated prior to its stated expiration, all unamortized amounts relating to that lease would be written off. The Company incurs costs related to the development and leasing of its properties. Such costs include, but are not limited to, tenant improvements, leasing commissions, rebranding, facility expansion and other capital improvements, and are included in construction in progress during the development period. When a construction project is considered to be substantially complete, the capitalized costs are reclassified to the appropriate real estate asset and depreciation begins. The Company assesses the level of construction activity to determine the amount, if any, of interest expense to be capitalized to the underlying construction projects. ​ Sales of Real Estate ​ When income properties are disposed of, the related cost basis of the real estate, intangible lease assets, and intangible lease liabilities, net of accumulated depreciation and/or amortization, and any accrued straight-line rental income balance for the underlying operating leases are removed, and gains or losses from the dispositions are reflected in net income within gain (loss) on disposition of assets. In accordance with the FASB guidance, gains or losses on sales of real estate are generally recognized using the full accrual method. Gains and losses on land sales, in addition to the sale of Subsurface Interests and mitigation credits, are accounted for as required by FASB ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The Company recognizes revenue from such sales when the Company transfers the promised goods in the contract based on the transaction price allocated to the performance obligations within the contract. As market information becomes available, the underlying cost basis is analyzed and recorded at the lower of cost or market. Income Taxes ​ The Company elected to be taxed as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”) commencing with its taxable year ended December 31, 2020. The Company believes that, commencing with such taxable year, it has been organized and has operated in such a manner as to qualify for taxation as a REIT under the U.S. federal income tax laws. The Company intends to continue to operate in such a manner. As a REIT, the Company will be subject to U.S. federal and state income taxation at corporate rates on its net taxable income; the Company, however, may claim a deduction for the amount of dividends paid to its stockholders. Amounts distributed as dividends by the Company will be subject to taxation at the stockholder level only. While the Company must distribute at least 90% of its REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction and excluding any net capital gain, to qualify as a REIT, the Company intends to distribute all of its net taxable income. The Company is allowed certain other non-cash deductions or adjustments, such as depreciation expense, when computing its REIT taxable income and distribution requirement. These deductions permit the Company to reduce its dividend payout requirement under U.S. federal income tax laws. Certain states may impose minimum franchise taxes. To comply with certain REIT requirements, the Company holds certain of its non-REIT assets and operations through TRSs and subsidiaries of TRSs, which are subject to applicable U.S. federal, state and local corporate income tax on their taxable income. For the taxable year ended December 31, 2023, the Company held a total of two TRSs, each subject to taxation and the separate filing of its corporate income tax returns. As of January 1, 2024, the Company consolidated its TRSs into one TRS subject to taxation and the filing of a single corporate income tax return. ​ The Company uses the asset and liability method to account for income taxes for the Company’s TRS. Deferred income taxes result primarily from the net tax effect of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes (see Note 20, “Income Taxes”). In June 2006, the FASB issued additional guidance, which clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in a company’s financial statements included in income taxes. The interpretation prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. The interpretation also provides guidance on de-recognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, and disclosure and transition. In accordance with FASB guidance included in income taxes, the Company has analyzed its various federal and state filing positions and believes that its income tax filing positions and deductions are well documented and supported. Additionally, the Company believes that its accruals for tax liabilities are adequate. Therefore, no reserves for uncertain income tax positions have been recorded pursuant to the FASB guidance. ​ Recently Issued Accounting Standards ​ Segment Reporting. In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07 which enhances segment disclosure requirements for entities required to report segment information in accordance with FASB ASC 280, Segment Reporting. The amendments in this update are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2023. ​ Income Taxes. In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09 which enhances income tax disclosure requirements in accordance with FASB ASC 740, Income Taxes. The amendments in this update are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2023.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for the business description and accounting policies concepts. Business description describes the nature and type of organization including but not limited to organizational structure as may be applicable to holding companies, parent and subsidiary relationships, business divisions, business units, business segments, affiliates and information about significant ownership of the reporting entity. Accounting policies describe all significant accounting policies of the reporting entity. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Topic 235 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/235/tableOfContent Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Topic 275 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/275/tableOfContent + Details
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