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Goodwill | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2025
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract] |
Goodwill |
5. | Goodwill
The changes in the carrying value of goodwill were as follows: Schedule of Goodwill
(In Thousands) |  | Avionics |  |  | Drones |  |  | Electric Air Mobility |  |  | Training |  |  | Total |
Balance as of January 1, 2024 |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 114,721 |  |  | $ | 451,371 |  |  | $ | 36,511 |  |  | $ | 602,603 |
Impairment |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (17,024 | ) |  |  | (20,970 | ) |  |  | (37,994 | )
Effect of exchange rate |  |  | - |  |  |  | (7,101 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (7,101 | )
Balance as of December 31, 2024 |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 107,620 |  |  | $ | 434,347 |  |  | $ | 15,541 |  |  | $ | 557,508 |
Balance |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 107,620 |  |  | $ | 434,347 |  |  | $ | 15,541 |  |  | $ | 557,508 |
Effect of exchange rate |  |  | - |  |  |  | 14,145 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 14,145 |
Balance as of December 31, 2025 |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 121,765 |  |  | $ | 434,347 |  |  | $ | 15,541 |  |  | $ | 571,653 |
Balance |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 121,765 |  |  | $ | 434,347 |  |  | $ | 15,541 |  |  | $ | 571,653 |
2025 Goodwill Impairment Test On October 1, 2025, the annual goodwill impairment testing date, the Company determined it appropriate to test the fair value of each reporting unit for goodwill impairment for all of its reporting units except Avionics as no goodwill had been allocated to this reporting unit. Management determined that the fair value of the reporting units exceeded their respective carrying values as detailed below. Schedule of Goodwill Impairment
|  | Drones |  |  | Electric Air Mobility |  |  | Training |
Goodwill carrying value as of October 1, 2025 |  | $ | 121.7 million |  |  | $ | 434.3 million |  |  | $ | 15.5 million |
Fair value of reporting unit as of October 1, 2025 |  | $ | 190.0 million |  |  | $ | 529.6 million |  |  | $ | 21.2 million |
Carrying value of reporting unit as of October 1, 2025 |  | $ | 144.3 million |  |  | $ | 499.1 million |  |  | $ | 20.4 million |
Impairment as of October 1, 2025 |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |
Estimates and assumptions varied between each reporting unit depending on the facts and circumstances specific to that reporting unit. The discount rate for each reporting unit is influenced by general market conditions as well as factors specific to the reporting unit. The fair value of the reporting units for which we performed quantitative impairment tests was estimated using an income approach, which incorporates the use of the discounted cash flow method. The projections used required the use of significant estimates and assumptions specific to the reporting unit as well as those based on general economic conditions. Factors specific to each reporting unit include revenue growth, profit margins, terminal value growth rates, capital expenditure projections, assumed tax rates, discount rates, and other assumptions deemed reasonable by management. For the 2025 impairment test, the weighted average cost of capital (“WACC”) discount rates we used for its reporting units was 31%-40% and the terminal value growth rate was 4%. The terminal value growth rate represents the expected long-term growth rate for the Company’s industry, which incorporates the type of services each reporting unit provides as well as the global economy. Other factors influencing the revenue growth rates include the nature of the services the reporting unit provides to its clients, the geographic locations in which the reporting unit conducts business and the maturity of the reporting unit. Specific to the Electric Air Mobility segment’s projections as of October 1, 2025, projected revenue reflects management’s continued prioritization of its cargo unmanned aerial vehicle (“UAV”) program due to improved market visibility and lower regulatory complexity relative to passenger aircraft. Management continues to expect commercialization of the cargo UAV to begin in the fourth quarter of 2027, followed by the Jaunt Journey passenger aircraft in late 2031. Revenue projections assume increasing production volumes over time, reaching long-term capacity of approximately 400 units per year for the cargo UAV and 3,000 units per year for the Jaunt Journey at a single production facility. Projected selling prices include a 1.5% annual escalation rate and remain generally consistent with prior year assumptions. Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”) projections as of October 1, 2025 were developed using estimates of manufacturing costs, production hours per unit, learning curves and subsequent efficiencies with operating losses expected to continue through the end of fiscal year 2031. The forecast assumes cost of revenue improves as volumes scale, stabilizing at approximately 74% of revenues over the longer term, and operating expenses as a percentage of revenue peak in 2027 at approximately 62% before trending down and stabilizing near 3% of revenue after 2033. Long-term EBITDA margins are estimated at approximately 22%. Projected EBITDA as of October 1, 2025 gave effect to net research and development costs expected to be incurred (i) between 2026 and 2028 leading up to the commercialization of the cargo UAV and (ii) between 2029 and 2031 leading up to the commercialization of the Jaunt Journey and assumed positive EBITDA during the two years following commercialization. Manufacturing cost estimates and estimated efficiencies as well as mid-term and long-term EBITDA projections at maximum capacity have not significantly changed compared to the Company’s prior year testing. The Company continues to anticipate profitability in the Electric Air Mobility segment commencing in year two following commercialization of the cargo UAV. As to the degree of uncertainty associated with the Company’s assumptions, the Company believes its long-term projected revenue is reasonable given a sales price supported by non-binding letters of intent and a relatively small number of units. There is a higher degree of uncertainty in projected EBITDA as compared to projected revenue as projected EBITDA includes estimates as to future labor and material costs, efficiency rates as to the number of production hours required over time, and synergies. The discounted cash flow analysis as of October 1, 2025 indicated no impairment of the Electric Air Mobility reporting unit’s goodwill. The most sensitive factor in the Company’s analysis was the discount rate. As of October 1, 2025, a 34.0% WACC rate was applied. This represents a 100-basis points increase compared to the prior valuation, which was considered appropriate in light of the Company’s IPO-related developments and management’s outlook as well as the current stage of the development process. As to the sensitivity of the WACC rate, another hypothetical 100-basis-point increase in the WACC discount rate would have yielded $13.0 million in goodwill impairment. The Company believes the factors considered in the impairment analysis are reasonable; however, significant changes in any one of our assumptions could produce a different result and result in future impairment charges that could be material to our consolidated financial statements. Specific to the Training segment’s projections as of October 1, 2025, projected revenue, margins and EBITDA have not significantly changed compared to prior year testing. As to the degree of uncertainty associated with the Company’s assumptions, the Company believes its short-term projected revenue is reasonable given its history with military contract practices and the historical results of flight schools, while long-term projected revenue is subject to a higher degree of uncertainty. To mitigate this risk, a 31% WACC discount rate was applied to these projections which reflected a 100-basis points increase compared with the prior year testing date of October 1, 2024. As to the sensitivity of the WACC rate, another hypothetical 100-basis-point increase in the WACC discount rate would have yielded $2.4 million in goodwill impairment. In addition to the income approach described above, the Company considered its observable market capitalization when assessing the reasonableness of the estimated fair values of its reporting units as of the valuation date. The Company reconciled the aggregate estimated fair value of its reporting units, inclusive of corporate assets and liabilities and after consideration of outstanding debt, to the Company’s market capitalization as of the testing date. The aggregate estimated fair value exceeded the Company’s observable market capitalization. This difference reflects that the estimated fair values of the reporting units represent values on a controlling interest basis, whereas the Company’s market capitalization reflects the trading value of minority shares. Accordingly, the difference represents an implied control premium. The reasonableness of the implied control premium was evaluated with reference to observable market data, including published control premium studies and other evidence of premiums paid in transactions in relevant sectors, and was determined to be consistent with assumptions that market participants would use in estimating fair value. The Company believes the factors considered in the impairment analysis are reasonable; however, significant changes in any one of the assumptions discussed above could produce a different result and result in additional impairment charges that could be material to the consolidated financial statements. For example, the fair value of the Training segment could be adversely affected and may result in an additional impairment of goodwill if this reporting unit is not able to purchase the needed aircraft, if the estimated costs for managing the flight schools are significantly higher than estimated or if the WACC discount rate is increased. 2024 Goodwill Impairment Test As a result of the BCA Transactions being terminated in August 2024 and the continued delays in securing financing, the Company determined it appropriate to test the fair value of each reporting unit for goodwill impairment as of September 30, 2024 for all of its reporting units except Avionics as no goodwill had been allocated to this reporting unit. Management determined that the fair value of the Drones reporting unit substantially exceeded its respective carrying value. The Electric Air Mobility and Training reporting unit fair values indicated goodwill impairment as detailed below. Schedule of Goodwill Impairment
|  | Drones |  | Electric Air Mobility |  | Training |
Goodwill carrying value as of September 30, 2024 |  | $ | 115.8 million |  | $ | 451.4 million |  | $ | 36.5 million |
Fair value of reporting unit as of September 30, 2024 |  | $ | 185.1 million |  | $ | 510.2 million |  | $ | 25.1 million |
Carrying value of reporting unit as of September 30, 2024 |  | $ | 133.5 million |  | $ | 527.2 million |  | $ | 46.1 million |
Impairment as of September 30, 2024 |  | $ | - |  | $ | 17.0 million |  | $ | 21.0 million |
Estimates and assumptions varied between each reporting unit depending on the facts and circumstances specific to that reporting unit. The discount rate for each reporting unit is influenced by general market conditions as well as factors specific to the reporting unit. The fair value of the reporting units for which the Company performed quantitative impairment tests was estimated using an income approach, which incorporates the use of the discounted cash flow method. The projections used required the use of significant estimates and assumptions specific to the reporting unit as well as those based on general economic conditions. Factors specific to each reporting unit include revenue growth, profit margins, terminal value growth rates, capital expenditures projections, assumed tax rates, discount rates, and other assumptions deemed reasonable by management. For the 2024 impairment test, the WACC discount rates the Company used for its reporting units was 30%-35% and the terminal value growth rate was 4%. The terminal value growth rate represents the expected long-term growth rate for the Company’s industry, which incorporates the type of services each reporting unit provides as well as global economic conditions. Other factors influencing the revenue growth rates include the nature of the services the reporting unit provides for its customers, the geographic locations in which the reporting unit conducts business and the maturity of the reporting unit. Specific to the Electric Air Mobility segment’s projections as of September 30, 2024, projected revenue was revised to include projected aircraft production timing for the Jaunt Journey in 2031 and a downscaled cargo version of the Jaunt Journey in 2028. Projected revenue in years 1 and 2 of commercialization of the downscaled cargo version of the Jaunt Journey as of September 30, 2024 were increased as compared to prior revenue estimates from the Company’s prior year testing date of October 1, 2023 for the same two-year period. Projected revenue in years 1 and 2 of commercialization of the Jaunt Journey as of September 30, 2024 also increased as compared to prior revenue estimates from the Company’s prior year testing date of October 1, 2023 for the same two-year period. EBITDA projections as of September 30, 2024 were developed using revised estimates of manufacturing costs, production hours per unit, learning curves and subsequent efficiencies, and operating costs. Mid-term and long-term EBITDA projections at maximum capacity have not significantly changed compared to the Company’s prior year testing date of October 1, 2023, but the shifting and corresponding discounting of these projections resulted in a significant decrease in the fair value of the Electric Air Mobility segment, which indicated impairment. As to the degree of uncertainty associated with the Company’s assumptions, the Company believes its long-term projected revenue is reasonable given a sales price supported by non-binding letters of intent and a relatively small number of units. There is a higher degree of uncertainty in projected EBITDA, as compared to projected revenue as projected EBITDA includes estimates as to future labor and material costs, efficiency rates as to the number of production hours required over time, and synergies. The most sensitive factor in the Company’s analysis was the WACC discount rate. As of September 30, 2024, a 33% WACC discount rate was applied to the Electric Air Mobility segment, which is fairly consistent with the 35% WACC discount rate used as of the Company’s prior year testing date of October 1, 2023. The 200 basis-point decrease from prior year was deemed appropriate due to more conservative projected long term EBITDA margins as compared to sales in the prior year, regulatory harmonization that has occurred for the industry between the Federal Aviation Association, Transport Canada Civil Aviation, and European Union Aviation Safety Agency, advances in electric propulsion, battery density, and autonomous systems which lower remaining technical development risk. While these factors reduce risk to the Electric Air Mobility segment, a larger decrease in the WACC was not deemed appropriate due to delays in funding for development efforts and overall implementation risk that remains similar to October 1, 2023. As to the sensitivity of the WACC rate, another hypothetical 100-basis-point increase in the WACC discount rate would have yielded an additional $46.0 million in goodwill impairment. The Company believes the factors considered in the impairment analysis are reasonable; however, significant changes in any one of its assumptions could produce a different result and result in additional impairment charges that could be material to its consolidated financial statements. For example, the fair value of the Electric Air Mobility segment could be adversely affected and may result in an additional impairment of goodwill if this reporting unit is not able to advance the development of its aircraft and other products, obtain regulatory approvals, and launch and commercialize its products at scale, if the estimated production costs are significantly higher than estimated or if the WACC discount rate is increased. Specific to the Training segment’s projections as of September 30, 2024, the Company noted a significant decrease in sales and gross margins as a result of not being able to meet contractual demands due to delays in the funding of aircraft. In prior years, government ISR aircraft contracts did not require that the aircraft be able to employ weapons. As those contracts have aged-out, the new requirements for the re-competitions require assets that have the ability to employ training munitions and have been approved by the government to do so. Coastal Defense does not possess aircraft that can achieve this requirement; thus, the Company has either not been awarded or chose not to bid on certain contracts. The projected revenue and margins were revised to include the timing of projected aircraft and investments to be made in flight schools in the short-term (between 2025 and 2028) and then the acquisition of additional aircraft beginning in years after 2029. EBITDA projections as of September 30, 2024 did not significantly change compared to the Company’s prior year testing date of October 1, 2023, and the Company does not anticipate any changes until the Company is able to make more significant investments in aircraft, and at which time the Company can better leverage its operating expenses. At that point, the Company anticipates that mid-term and long-term EBITDA margins would increase. The shifting and corresponding discounting of these projections resulted in a significant decrease in the fair value of the Training segment, which indicated impairment. As to the degree of uncertainty associated with the Company’s assumptions, the Company believes its short-term projected revenue is reasonable given its history with military contract practices and the historical results of flight schools, while the Company’s long-term projected revenue is subject to a higher degree of uncertainty. To mitigate this risk, a 30% WACC discount rate was applied to these projections which was consistent with the Company’s prior year testing date of October 1, 2023. As to the sensitivity of the WACC rate, another hypothetical 100-basis-point increase in the WACC discount rate would have yielded an additional $3.4 million in goodwill impairment.

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