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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2014
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES: The Company operates in two business segments, Water Transmission and Tubular Products. The Water Transmission segment primarily produces steel pipeline systems for use in drinking water infrastructure, and has eight manufacturing facilities, located in Portland, Oregon; Denver, Colorado; Adelanto, California; Parkersburg, West Virginia; Saginaw, Texas; St. Louis, Missouri; Salt Lake City, Utah and Monterrey, Mexico. The Tubular Products segment primarily produces steel line pipe products for energy applications, and has a manufacturing facility located in Atchison, Kansas. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances at that time. On an on-going basis, the Company evaluates all of its estimates, including those related to revenue recognition, allowance for doubtful accounts, goodwill, long-lived assets, including depreciation and amortization, inventories, income taxes, and litigation and other contingencies. Actual results could differ from those estimates under different assumptions or conditions. Basis of Consolidation and Presentation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Northwest Pipe Company and its subsidiaries over which the Company exercises control as of the financial statement date. Intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. On March 30, 2014, the Company completed the sale of substantially all of the assets and liabilities associated with its oil country tubular goods (“OCTG”) business, as discussed in more detail below. The Company’s results of operations for its disposed OCTG business have been presented as discontinued operations for all periods presented within the consolidated statements of operations. Certain amounts from the prior year financial statements have been reclassified in order to conform to the current year presentation. Lucid Energy Inc., over which the Company exercises significant influence but does not control, is accounted for under the cost method of accounting. Lucid Energy is a clean energy company based in Portland, Oregon. The carrying value of our investment is $0 at both December 31, 2014 and 2013 due to a history of net losses by Lucid Energy. Business Acquisitions and Disposals The Company allocates the fair value of purchase consideration to the tangible assets acquired, liabilities assumed and intangible assets acquired based on their estimated fair values. The excess of the fair value of purchase consideration over the fair values of these identifiable assets and liabilities is recorded as goodwill. Such valuations require management to make significant estimates and assumptions, especially with respect to intangible assets. Contingent consideration is calculated and recorded at the date of the acquisition. During the measurement period, which does not exceed one year from the acquisition date, the Company may record adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as a result of information received regarding the valuation of assets and liabilities after the acquisition date, with the corresponding offset to goodwill. Upon the conclusion of the measurement period, any subsequent adjustments are recorded to earnings. Disposal of OCTG Business On March 30, 2014 the Company completed the sale of substantially all of the assets and liabilities associated with its OCTG business, which was conducted by the Company at its manufacturing facilities in Bossier City, Louisiana and Houston, Texas, excluding the real property located in Houston, Texas. These facilities were previously included within the Company’s Tubular Products Group. Total consideration of $42.7 million was paid by the buyer, resulting in a loss on sale of $13.5 million. The calculation of the loss on sale included a write down of $4.4 million of goodwill. Of the proceeds received, $4.3 million was placed in escrow to secure the Company’s indemnification obligations under the purchase agreement, $5.0 million was used to repay capital leases related to and secured by certain assets at the Bossier City, Louisiana manufacturing facility, $1.8 million was used to pay for transaction costs and $1.8 million was used to pay a net working capital adjustment made in September 2014, resulting in net proceeds of $29.8 million. The table below presents the components of the balance sheet accounts associated with the OCTG business as of December 31, 2013 (in thousands). All sold assets and liabilities were transferred to the buyer as of March 30, 2014.
|  | December 31, 2013 |
Assets: |  |  |  |
Trade and other receivables, net |  | $ | 11,673 |
Inventories |  |  | 44,668 |
Prepaid expenses and other |  |  | 206 |
Total current assets |  |  | 56,547 |
Property and equipment, net |  |  | 11,509 |
Total assets |  |  | 68,056 |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |
Current portion of capital lease obligations |  |  | 1,289 |
Accounts payable |  |  | 3,013 |
Accrued liabilities |  |  | 1,466 |
Deferred revenue |  |  | 4,505 |
Total current liabilities |  |  | 10,273 |
Capital lease obligations, less current portion |  |  | 4,075 |
Total liabilities |  | $ | 14,348 |
The table below presents the operating results for the Company’s discontinued operations (in thousands). These operating results for 2014, 2013 and 2012 do not necessarily reflect what they would have been had the OCTG business not been classified as a discontinued operation.
|  | Year Ended December 31, |
|  | 2014 |  |  | 2013 |  |  | 2012 |
Net sales |  | $ | 22,225 |  |  | $ | 116,111 |  |  |  | 135,601 |
Cost of sales |  |  | 23,881 |  |  |  | 123,888 |  |  |  | 138,511 |
Gross loss |  |  | (1,656 | ) |  |  | (7,777 | ) |  |  | (2,910 | )
Selling, general, and administrative |  |  | 396 |  |  |  | 1,509 |  |  |  | 816 |
Impairment of fixed assets |  |  | — |  |  |  | 27,500 |  |  |  | — |
Operating loss |  |  | (2,052 | ) |  |  | (36,786 | ) |  |  | (3,726 | )
Loss on sale of business |  |  | (13,497 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Interest income |  |  | — |  |  |  | 47 |  |  |  | 13 |
Interest expense |  |  | (99 | ) |  |  | (344 | ) |  |  | (411 | )
Loss before income taxes |  |  | (15,648 | ) |  |  | (37,083 | ) |  |  | (4,124 | )
Income tax benefit |  |  | (3,934 | ) |  |  | (14,484 | ) |  |  | (2,867 | )
Net loss |  | $ | (11,714 | ) |  | $ | (22,599 | ) |  | $ | (1,257 | )
Acquisition of Permalok Corporation On December 30, 2013 the Company acquired 100% of the outstanding shares of capital stock of Permalok Corporation, a fabricator of steel piping utilizing the Permalok interlocking pipe joining system. Permalok’s rolled and welded steel pipe products provide an alternate joint solution which complements and expands the Company’s product offerings in the Water Transmission segment. Total consideration (net of cash received) of $15.7 million was paid to the owners of the business, resulting in the recording of $5.3 million of goodwill, none of which is expected to be deductible for tax purposes. The goodwill recorded is attributed to synergies expected from integrating operations of Permalok with the rest of the Company’s Water Transmission business. The goodwill is included within the Water Transmission Group for purposes of segment reporting. Contingent consideration of $2.7 million and $4.4 million was recorded in other long-term liabilities as of December 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, which represents the probability weighted contingent payment as a percentage of high, mid, and low revenue projections for years 2014, 2015 and 2016. There were no payments on the contingent consideration obligation in 2015 for 2014 revenues. Pro forma results of operations related to our acquisitions during the year ended December 31, 2013 have not been presented because they are not material to our Consolidated Statements of Operations, either individually or in the aggregate. Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and short term highly liquid investments with remaining maturities of three months or less when purchased. At times, the Company will have outstanding checks in excess of related bank balances (a book overdraft). If this occurs, the amount of the book overdraft will be reclassified to accounts payable, and changes in the book overdraft will be reflected as a component of operating activities in the consolidated statement of cash flows. The Company had a book overdraft of $0.9 million at December 31, 2014. There was not a book overdraft at December 31, 2013. Receivables and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Trade receivables are reported on the consolidated balance sheet net of any doubtful accounts. The Company maintains allowances for estimated losses resulting from the inability of its customers to make required payments or from contract disputes. The amounts of such allowances are based on Company history and management’s judgment. At least monthly, the Company reviews past due balances to identify the reasons for non-payment. The Company will write off a receivable account once the account is deemed uncollectible. The Company believes the reported allowances at December 31, 2014 and 2013 are adequate. If the customers’ financial conditions were to deteriorate resulting in their inability to make payments, or if contract disputes were to escalate, additional allowances may need to be recorded which would result in additional expenses being recorded for the period in which such determination was made. Customer Prepayments Contractual terms may require prepayment of a portion of a contract value by the customer in advance of completing the work. Advanced deposits are recorded in accrued liabilities and are offset by invoices as work is performed on the contract. There were no advanced deposits at either December 31, 2014, or December 31, 2013. Inventories Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market. Raw material inventories of steel are stated at cost, either on a specific identification basis or on an average cost basis. All other raw material inventories, as well as supplies, are stated on an average cost basis. Finished goods are stated at cost using the first-in, first-out method of accounting. Property and Equipment Property and equipment is stated at cost. Maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred, and costs of new equipment and buildings, as well as costs of expansions or refurbishment of existing equipment and buildings, including interest where applicable, are capitalized. Depreciation and amortization are determined by the units of production method for most equipment and by the straight-line method for the remaining assets based on the estimated useful lives of the related assets. Estimated useful lives by major classes of property and equipment are as follows: Land improvements (15–30 years); Buildings (20–40 years); Machinery and equipment (3–30 years). Depreciation expense calculated under the units of production method may be less than, equal to, or greater than depreciation expense calculated under the straight-line method due to variances in production levels. Upon disposal, costs and related accumulated depreciation of the assets are removed from the accounts and resulting gains or losses are reflected in operating expenses. The Company leases certain equipment under long-term capital leases, which are being amortized on a straight-line basis over the shorter of its useful life or the lease term. The Company assesses impairment of property and equipment whenever changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying values of the asset or asset group(s) may not be recoverable. The asset group is the lowest level at which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other groups of assets or liabilities. The recoverable value of long-lived asset group is determined by estimating future undiscounted cash flows using assumptions about the expected future operating performance of the Company. In conjunction with the preparation of the financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2013, the Company determined that an impairment triggering event as defined in ASC 360-10 had occurred for the assets located at its Bossier City, Louisiana facility. See Note 4, “Property and Equipment” for further discussion of the property and equipment impairment recorded during 2013. Goodwill and Intangible Assets Goodwill represents the excess of purchase price over the assigned fair values of the net assets in connection with an acquisition. Goodwill is reviewed for impairment annually at December 31 or whenever events occur or circumstances change that indicates goodwill may be impaired. Goodwill is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level. A reporting unit is an operating segment or one level below an operating segment (also known as a component). Our reporting units are equivalent to our operating segments as the individual components meet the criteria for aggregation. Intangible assets consist primarily of customer relationships, patents, and trade names and trademarks recorded as the result of acquisition activity. Intangible assets are amortized using the straight-line method over estimated useful lives ranging from 3 to 15 years. See Note 5, “Goodwill and Intangible Assets” for further discussion of the Company’s goodwill and intangible asset balances. Workers Compensation Insurance The Company is self-insured, or maintains high deductible policies, for losses and liabilities associated with workers compensation claims. Losses are accrued based upon the Company’s estimates of the aggregate liability for claims incurred using historical experience and certain actuarial assumptions followed in the insurance industry. Accrued Liabilities The Company’s accrued liabilities include payroll related liabilities, reserves for health and workers’ compensation claims, property and sales tax payable, and other liabilities expected to be paid within one year of the balance sheet date. At both December 31, 2014 and 2013, accrued vacation payable of $2.2 million was included in accrued liabilities. Pension Benefits The Company has two defined benefit pension plans that have been frozen since 2001. The Company funds these plans to cover current plan costs plus amortization of the unfunded plan liabilities. To record these obligations, management uses estimates relating to investment returns, mortality, and discount rates. Management reviews all of these assumptions on an annual basis. Derivative Instruments The Company conducts business in foreign countries, and, from time to time, settles transactions in foreign currencies. The Company has established a program that utilizes foreign currency forward contracts to offset the risk associated with the effects of certain foreign currency exposures, typically arising from sales contracts denominated in Canadian currency. Foreign currency forward contracts are consistent with the Company’s strategy for financial risk management. The Company utilizes cash flow hedge accounting treatment for qualifying foreign currency forward contracts. Instruments that do not qualify for cash flow hedge accounting treatment are remeasured at fair value at each balance sheet date and resulting gains and losses are recognized in net income (loss). Foreign Currency Transactions Assets and liabilities subject to foreign currency fluctuations are translated into United States dollars at the period-end exchange rate, and revenue and expenses are translated at exchange rates representing an average for the period. Translation adjustments from designated hedges are included in accumulated other comprehensive loss as a separate component of stockholders’ equity. Gains or losses on all other foreign currency transactions are recognized in the consolidated statement of operations. The functional currency of the Company’s Mexican operations is the United States dollar. Revenue Recognition Revenue from construction contracts in the Company’s Water Transmission Group is recognized on the percentage-of-completion method. For a majority of contracts, revenue is measured by the costs incurred to date as a percentage of the estimated total costs of each contract (cost-to-cost method). For a small number of contracts, revenue is measured using units of delivery as progress is best estimated by the number of units delivered under the contract. Contract costs include all direct material and labor costs and those indirect costs related to contract performance, such as indirect labor, supplies, tools, repairs and depreciation. Selling, general and administrative costs are charged to expense as incurred. The cost of steel is recognized as a project cost when the steel is introduced into the manufacturing process. Estimated total costs of each contract are reviewed on a monthly basis by project management and operations personnel for all active projects. All cost revisions that result in the gross profit as a percent of sales increasing or decreasing by more than two percent are reviewed by senior management personnel. The Company begins recognizing revenue on a project when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, recoverability is reasonably assured, and project costs are incurred. Costs may be incurred before the Company has persuasive evidence of an arrangement. In those cases, if recoverability from that arrangement is probable, the project costs are deferred and revenue recognition is delayed. Changes in job performance, job conditions and estimated profitability, including those arising from contract change orders, contract penalty provisions, foreign currency exchange rate movements, changes in raw materials costs, and final contract settlements may result in revisions to estimates of revenue, costs and income and are recognized in the period in which the revisions are determined. Provisions for losses on uncompleted contracts are made in the period such losses are known. Revenue from the Company’s Tubular Products Group is recognized when all four of the following criteria have been satisfied: persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, the price is fixed or determinable, delivery has occurred, and collectability is reasonably assured. Deferred revenue is recorded when the manufacturing process is complete and customers are invoiced prior to physical delivery of the product. Income Taxes Income taxes are recorded using an asset and liability approach that requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in the Company’s financial statements or tax returns. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred income tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. The determination of the provision for income taxes requires significant judgment, the use of estimates and the interpretation and application of complex tax laws. The provision for income taxes primarily reflects a combination of income earned and taxed in the various United States federal and state and, to a lesser extent, foreign jurisdictions. Jurisdictional tax law changes, increases or decreases in permanent differences between book and tax items, accruals or adjustments of accruals for unrecognized tax benefits or valuation allowances, and the change in the mix of earnings from these taxing jurisdictions all affect the overall effective tax rate. The Company records tax reserves for federal, state, local and international exposures relating to periods subject to audit. The development of reserves for these exposures requires judgments about tax issues, potential outcomes and timing, and is a subjective estimate. The Company assesses tax positions and records tax benefits for all years subject to examination based upon management’s evaluation of the facts, circumstances, and information available at the reporting dates. For those tax positions where it is more-likely-than-not that a tax benefit will be sustained, the largest amount of tax benefit with a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon settlement with a tax authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information has been recorded. For those tax positions where it is not more-likely-than-not that a tax benefit will be sustained, no tax benefit has been recognized in the financial statements. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Accumulated other comprehensive loss includes unrealized gains and losses on derivative instruments related to the effective portion of cash flow hedges and changes in the funded status of the defined benefit pension plans, both net of the related income tax effect. For further information, refer to Note 15, “Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss”. Earnings (Loss) per Share Earnings (loss) per basic and diluted weighted average common shares outstanding was calculated as follows for the years ended December 31 (in thousands, except per share data):
|  | 2014 |  |  | 2013 |  |  | 2012 |
Income (loss) from continuing operations |  | $ | (6,173 | ) |  | $ | 21,676 |  |  | $ | 17,501 |
Loss from discontinued operations |  |  | (11,714 | ) |  |  | (22,599 | ) |  |  | (1,257 | )
Net income (loss) |  | $ | (17,887 | ) |  | $ | (923 | ) |  | $ | 16,244 |
Basic weighted-average common shares outstanding |  |  | 9,515 |  |  |  | 9,445 |  |  |  | 9,377 |
Effect of potentially dilutive common shares(1) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 89 |  |  |  | 68 |
Diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding |  |  | 9,515 |  |  |  | 9,534 |  |  |  | 9,445 |
Earnings (loss) per basic common share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Continuing operations |  | $ | (0.65 | ) |  | $ | 2.29 |  |  | $ | 1.87 |
Discontinued operations |  |  | (1.23 | ) |  |  | (2.39 | ) |  |  | (0.14 | )
Total |  | $ | (1.88 | ) |  | $ | (0.10 | ) |  | $ | 1.73 |
Earnings (loss) per diluted common share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Continuing operations |  | $ | (0.65 | ) |  | $ | 2.27 |  |  | $ | 1.85 |
Discontinued operations |  |  | (1.23 | ) |  |  | (2.37 | ) |  |  | (0.13 | )
Total |  | $ | (1.88 | ) |  | $ | (0.10 | ) |  | $ | 1.72 |
Antidilutive shares excluded from net earnings per diluted common share calculation |  |  | 65 |  |  |  | 93 |  |  |  | 92 |
(1) | Represents the effect of the assumed exercise of stock options and the vesting of restricted stock units and performance stock awards, based on the treasury stock method.
Concentrations of Credit Risk Financial instruments, which potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk, consist principally of trade receivables, derivative contracts, the escrow account related to the sale of the OCTG business, and deferred compensation plan assets. Trade receivables generally represent a large number of customers, including municipalities, manufacturers, distributors and contractors, dispersed across a wide geographic base. At December 31, 2014, one customer had a balance in excess of 10% of total accounts receivable. At December 31, 2013, two customers had a balance in excess of 10% of total accounts receivable. Derivative contracts are with a financial institution whose short-term investments are rated A-1 by Standard and Poor’s. The Company’s deferred compensation plan assets, also included in other assets, are invested in a diversified portfolio of stock and bond mutual funds. Share-based Compensation The Company recognizes the compensation cost of employee and director services received in exchange for awards of equity instruments based on the grant date estimated fair value of the awards. Share-based compensation cost is recognized over the period during which the employee or director is required to provide service in exchange for the award, and as forfeitures occur, the associated compensation cost recognized to date is reversed. The Company estimates the fair value of Restricted Stock Units (“RSUs”) and Performance Stock Awards (“PSAs”) using the value of the Company’s stock on the date of grant, with the exception of market-based PSAs, for which a Monte Carlo simulation model is used. The Monte Carlo simulation model requires the use of subjective and complex assumptions including the price volatility of the underlying stock. The expected stock price volatility assumption was determined using the historical volatility of the Company’s and a comparator group of companies’ stock over the most recent historical period equivalent to the expected life. The Monte Carlo simulation model calculates many potential outcomes for an award and estimates fair value based on the most likely outcome. See Note 11, “Share-based Compensation Plans” for further discussion of the Company’s share-based compensation. Recent Accounting and Reporting Developments Accounting Changes In April 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-08, which changes the criteria for when the disposal of a component of an entity may be presented as discontinued operations. The guidance requires that the disposal be considered a strategic shift (such as the disposal of a major geographical area, a major line of business, a major equity method investment, or other major part of an entity) which will have a major effect on a reporting entity’s operating and financial results in order to be presented as discontinued operations. Disposals which qualify for discontinued operations presentation will require expanded disclosures. The Company adopted this guidance on January 1, 2015 for any future disposals qualifying for discontinued operations presentation. In July 2013, the FASB issued ASU 2013-11, which clarified guidance on the presentation of unrecognized tax benefits. The guidance requires that an unrecognized tax benefit, or portion of an unrecognized tax benefit, be presented in the financial statements as a reduction to a deferred tax asset for a net operating loss carryforward, a similar tax loss, or a tax credit carryforward when such items exist in the same taxing jurisdiction. The Company adopted this guidance on January 1, 2014 as required, and the effect was not material. Recent Accounting Standards In August 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-15, “Presentation of Financial Statements—Going Concern.” This standard requires management to evaluate for each annual and interim reporting period whether it is probable that the reporting entity will not be able to meet its obligations as they become due within one year after the date that the financial statements are issued. If the entity is in such a position, the standard provides for certain disclosures depending on whether or not the entity will be able to successfully mitigate its going concern status. This guidance is effective for annual periods ending after December 15, 2016 and interim periods within annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016. Early application is permitted. The Company does not expect a material impact to the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows from the adoption of this guidance. In May 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers,” which will replace most existing revenue recognition guidance in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The core principle of the ASU is that an entity should recognize revenue for the transfer of goods or services equal to the amount that it expects to be entitled to receive for those goods or services. The ASU requires additional disclosure about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from customer contracts, including significant judgments and changes in judgments. The ASU will be effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2017, including interim periods in 2017, and allows for both retrospective and prospective methods of adoption. The Company is in the process of determining the method of adoption and assessing the impact of this ASU on its consolidated financial statements.

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