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Note 11 - Revenue
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Notes to Financial Statements  
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Text Block]
11
.
Revenue
 
The Company manufactures water infrastructure steel pipe products, which are generally made to custom specifications for installation contractors serving projects funded by public water agencies, as well as precast and reinforced concrete products. Generally, each of the Company’s contracts with its customers contains a single performance obligation, as the promise to transfer products is
not
separately identifiable from other promises in the contract and, therefore, is
not
distinct.
 
Revenue for water infrastructure steel pipe products is recognized over time as the manufacturing process progresses because of the Company’s right to payment for work performed to date plus a reasonable profit on cancellations for unique products that have
no
alternative use to the Company. Revenue is measured by the costs incurred to date relative to the estimated total direct costs to fulfill each contract (cost-to-cost method). Contract costs include all material, labor, and other direct costs incurred in satisfying the performance obligations. The cost of steel material is recognized as a contract cost when the steel is introduced into the manufacturing process. Changes in job performance, job conditions, and estimated profitability, including those arising from contract change orders, contract penalty provisions, foreign currency exchange rate movements, changes in raw materials costs, and final contract settlements
may
result in revisions to estimates of revenue, costs, and income, and are recognized in the period in which the revisions are determined. Provisions for losses on uncompleted contracts, included in Accrued liabilities, are estimated by comparing total estimated contract revenue to the total estimated contract costs and a loss is recognized during the period in which it becomes probable and can be reasonably estimated.
 
Revisions in contract estimates resulted in a decrease in revenue of
$0.4
 million and
$1.5
 million for the
three
months ended
March 
31,
2020
and
2019,
respectively.
 
Revenue for water infrastructure precast concrete products is recognized at the time control is transferred to customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for the products. All variable consideration that
may
affect the total transaction price, including contractual discounts, returns, and credits, is included in net sales. Estimates for variable consideration are based on historical experience, anticipated performance, and management's judgment. The Company's contracts do
not
contain significant financing.
 
The Company does
not
recognize revenue on a contract until the contract has approval and commitment from both parties, the contract rights and payment terms can be identified, the contract has commercial substance, and its collectability is probable. 
 
Disaggregation of Revenue
 
The following table disaggregates revenue by recognition over time or at a point in time, as the Company believes it best depicts how the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of its revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors (in thousands):
 
   
Three Months Ended March 31,
  
   
2020
    
2019
  
                 
Over time
   $
60,878
     $
62,643
  
Point in time
    
8,045
      
-
  
Net sales
   $
68,923
     $
62,643
  
 
Contract Assets and Liabilities
 
Contract assets primarily represent revenue earned over time but
not
yet billable based on the terms of the contracts. These amounts will be billed based on the terms of the contracts, which include achievement of milestones, partial shipments, or completion of the contracts. Payment terms of amounts billed vary based on the customer, but are typically due within
30
 days of invoicing.
 
Contract liabilities represent advance billings on contracts, typically for steel. The Company recognized revenue that was included in the contract liabilities balance at the beginning of each period of
$6.2
 million and
$3.3
 million during the
three
months ended
March 
31,
2020
and
2019,
respectively.
 
Backlog
 
Backlog represents the balance of remaining performance obligations under signed contracts for water infrastructure steel pipe products. As of
March 
31,
2020,
backlog was approximately 
$170
 million. The Company expects to recognize approximately 
61%
of the remaining performance obligations in
2020,
37%
in
2021,
and the balance thereafter.