The Company is subject to U.S. federal income tax, as well as income tax in multiple states and foreign jurisdictions. For all major taxing jurisdictions, the tax years 2014 through 2018 remain open to examination by the taxing authorities due to the carryforward of unutilized net operating losses. As of December 31, 2018, the Company does not expect any material changes to unrecognized tax positions within the next twelve months.

Components of the income tax provision are as follows for the years ended December 31 (in thousands):

	2018			2017
Current tax provision:
Federal	$	—		$	—
State		(1	)		—
Foreign		(220	)		—
Total		(221	)		—
Deferred tax provision:
Federal		—			—
State		—			—
Total		—			—
Change in valuation allowance		—			—
Total provision for income taxes	$	(221	)	$	—

A reconciliation of income taxes computed by applying the federal statutory income tax rate of 21.0% to loss from continuing operations before income taxes to the recognized income tax provision reported in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations is as follows for the years ended December 31 (in thousands):

	2018			2017
Income tax at U.S. federal statutory rate	$	(4,598	)	$	(2,458	)
State taxes, net of federal benefit		(640	)		(336	)
Non-deductible expenses		1,190			121
Foreign income tax rate differential		279			35
Valuation allowance		4,011			2,186
Tax Reform		—			959
Other		(21	)		(507	)
Total provision for income taxes	$	221		$	—

Deferred income taxes reflect the net effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. The Company has recorded a full valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets, as realization of such assets is uncertain based on the Company’s history of operating losses. Significant components of deferred tax assets and liabilities are shown below (in thousands):

	December 31,
	2018			2017
Non-current deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss	$	4,209		$	1,461
Allowance for bad debts		5			—
Accrued compensation		538			287
Foreign currency translation		554			—
Related party accruals		—			152
Interest expense		211
Intangible assets		2,308			584
Other accruals		63			21
Depreciation		122			—
Total		8,010			2,505
Valuation allowance		(7,929	)		(2,505	)
Net deferred tax assets		81			—
Deferred tax liabilities:
Debt discount		(74	)		—
Capitalized costs		(7	)		—
Net deferred tax liabilities		(81	)		—
Net deferred tax accounts	$	—		$	—

At December 31, 2018, the Company had U.S. federal and state net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $15,538,000 and $17,927,000, respectively. The loss carryforwards begin to expire in 2027. In addition, at December 31, 2018, the Company has foreign net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $130,000, which begin to expire in 2020.

Utilization of the net operating loss carryforwards may be subject to a substantial annual limitation due to ownership change limitations that may have occurred, or that occur in the future, as required by Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, as well as similar state provisions. These ownership changes may limit the amount of the net operating loss carryover that can be utilized annually to offset future taxable income. In general, an “ownership change” as defined by Section 382 results from a transaction or series of transactions over a three-year period resulting in an ownership change of more than 50 percentage points of the outstanding stock of a company by certain stockholders. The Company believes that ownership changes occurred in March 2018 and August 2018. As a result, the deferred tax asset associated with the Company’s federal and state net operating loss carryforward has been reduced based on the estimated amount of the Section 382 limitation. The Company estimates that approximately $18.9 million of its federal and state net operating loss carryforwards cannot be used in future years.

Following the Company’s adoption on January 1, 2007 of ASC 740-10 regarding accounting for uncertainty in income taxes, the Company made a comprehensive review of its portfolio of uncertain tax positions in accordance with the guidance. In this regard, an uncertain tax position represents the Company’s expected treatment of a tax position taken in a filed tax return, or planned to be taken in a future tax return, that has not been reflected in measuring income tax expense for financial reporting purposes. As a result of that review, the Company concluded there were no uncertain tax positions and no cumulative effect on retained earnings at the time of adoption. Subsequent to that date of adoption through December 31, 2018, the Company has continued to evaluate its tax positions and concluded that it has not had any material uncertain tax positions.