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SUMMARY OF MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICY INFORMATION (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]

Statement of compliance and basis of presentation

Statement of compliance and basis of presentation

These consolidated financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries were prepared in accordance with IFRS Accounting Standards, as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”). These consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis, except for financial instruments classified as fair value through profit or loss, which are stated at their fair value. In addition, these consolidated financial statements have been prepared using the accrual basis of accounting except for cash flow information.

Basis of consolidation

Basis of consolidation

These consolidated financial statements include the accounts of POET Technologies Inc. and its subsidiaries; ODIS Inc. (“ODIS”), Opel Solar Inc. (“OPEL”), BB Photonics Inc. (“BB Photonics”), POET Technologies Pte Ltd. (“PTS”), POET Optoelectronics Shenzhen Co., Ltd (“POET Shenzhen”) and Super Photonics Xiamen Co., Ltd (“SPX”). Subsidiaries are all entities over which the Company has exposure to variable returns from its involvement and has the ability to use power over the investee to affect its returns. The existence and effect of potential voting rights that are currently exercisable or convertible are considered when assessing whether the Company controls another entity. Subsidiaries are fully consolidated from the date on which control is transferred to the Company until the date on which control ceases. The accounts of subsidiaries are prepared for the same reporting period as the parent company, using consistent accounting policies. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated on consolidation.

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with IFRS requires the use of certain critical accounting estimates. It also requires management to exercise judgment in applying the Company’s accounting policies. The areas involving a higher degree of judgment or complexity, or areas where assumptions and estimates are significant to the financial statements are disclosed below:

Critical accounting judgments and significant estimates and uncertainties

Critical accounting judgments and significant estimates and uncertainties

Business combinations

Acquisitions of businesses are accounted for using the acquisition method. The acquisition cost is measured at the acquisition date at the fair value of the consideration transferred, including all contingent consideration.

The determination of whether a corporate entity or set of assets acquired, and liabilities assumed, constitute a business may require the Company to make certain judgements, considering all facts and circumstances. A business is presumed to be an integrated set of activities and assets capable of being conducted and managed for the purpose of providing a return in the form of dividends, lower costs, or economic benefits. SPX was determined to constitute an acquisition of assets (Note 5).

POET TECHNOLOGIES INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Expressed in US Dollars)

2. SUMMARY OF MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICY INFORMATION (Continued)

Determination of functional currency

The Company determines the functional currency through an analysis of several indicators such as expenses and cash flow, financing activities, retention of operating cash flows, and frequency of transactions within the reporting entity.

Valuation of share-based compensation

The Company uses the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model for valuation of share-based compensation and derivative warrant liability. Option pricing models require the input of subjective assumptions including expected price volatility, risk-free interest rate, and forfeiture rate. Changes in the input assumptions can materially affect the fair value estimate and the Company’s earnings and equity reserves.

Income taxes

In assessing the probability of realizing income tax assets, management makes estimates related to expectation of future taxable income, applicable tax opportunities, expected timing of reversals of existing temporary differences and the likelihood that tax positions taken will be sustained upon examination by applicable tax authorities. In making its assessments, management gives additional weight to positive and negative evidence that can be objectively verified.

Foreign currency translation

Foreign currency translation

These consolidated financial statements are presented in U.S. dollars (“USD”), which is the Company’s presentation currency.

Items included in the financial statements of each of the Company’s subsidiaries are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates (the “functional currency”). Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transaction. Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions and from the translation of monetary assets and liabilities not denominated in the functional currency of an entity are recognized in the statement of operations and deficit.

The following table presents the jurisdiction under which each entity in the group is incorporated and the functional currency of each entity:

 SCHEDULE OF ENTITIES JURISDICTION AND FUNCTIONAL CURRENCY

Entity		Incorporating Jurisdiction		Functional Currency
POET Technologies Inc		Canada		Canadian dollars
ODIS		United States of America		US dollars
OPEL		United States of America		US dollars
BB Photonics		United States of America		US dollars
PTS		Singapore		Singapore dollar
POET Shenzhen		China		Renminbi
SPX		China		Renminbi

Assets and liabilities of entities with functional currencies other than U.S. dollars are translated into the presentation currency at the year end rates of exchange, and the results of their operations are translated at average rates of exchange for the year. The resulting translation adjustments are included in accumulated other comprehensive loss in shareholders’ equity. Additionally, foreign exchange gains and losses related to certain intercompany loans that are permanent in nature are included in accumulated other comprehensive loss. Elements of equity are translated at historical rates.

Financial instruments

Financial instruments

Financial assets held with an objective to hold assets in order to collect contractual cash flows which arise on specified dates that are solely principal and interest are measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. Debt investments held with an objective to hold both assets in order to collect contractual cash flows which arise on specified dates that are solely principal and interest as well as selling the asset on the basis of fair value are measured at FVTOCI. All other financial assets are classified and measured at fair value through profit or loss (“FVTPL”). Financial liabilities are classified as either FVTPL or other financial liabilities, and the portion of the change in fair value that relates to the Company’s credit risk is presented in other comprehensive income (loss). Instruments classified as FVTPL are measured at fair value with unrealized gains and losses recognized in net income (loss). Other financial liabilities are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issuance of financial assets and financial liabilities, other than financial assets and financial liabilities classified as FVTPL, are added to or deducted from the fair value on initial recognition. Transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition of financial assets or financial liabilities classified as FVTPL are recognized immediately in consolidated net income (loss).

Financial assets

The Company derecognizes a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset expire, or it transfers the rights to receive the contractual cash flows in a transaction in which substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset are transferred or in which the Company neither transfers nor retains substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership and it does not retain control of the financial asset. Any interest in transferred financial assets that is created or retained by the Company is recognized as a separate asset or liability.

Financial liabilities

A financial liability is derecognized from the statement of financial position when it is extinguished, that is, when the obligation specified in the contract is either discharged, cancelled or expires. Where there has been an exchange between an existing borrower and lender of debt instruments with substantially different terms, or there has been a substantial modification of the terms of an existing financial liability, this transaction is accounted for as an extinguishment of the original financial liability and the recognition of a new financial liability. A gain or loss from extinguishment of the original financial liability is recognized in profit or loss.

The Company’s financial instruments include cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, accounts receivable, deposit, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, convertible debt, derivative warrant liability, contract liabilities and Covid-19 government support loans.

Derivative financial instruments

The Company issues warrants exercisable in a currency other than the Company’s functional currency and as a result, the warrants are derivative financial instruments. Derivative financial instruments are initially recognized at fair value and subsequently measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in profit or loss. Transaction costs are recognized in profit or loss as incurred.

POET TECHNOLOGIES INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Expressed in US Dollars)

2. SUMMARY OF MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICY INFORMATION (Continued)

The following table outlines the classification of financial instruments under IFRS 9:

 SCHEDULE OF CLASSIFICATION OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

Financial Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	Amortized cost
Short-term investments	Amortized cost
Accounts receivable	Amortized cost
Deposit	Amortized cost
Financial Liabilities
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	Amortized cost
Contract liabilities	Amortized cost
Covid-19 government support loans	Amortized cost
Convertible debt	Amortized cost
Derivative warrant liability	Fair value through profit and loss (FVTPL)

Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, bank deposits, demand deposits and short-term, highly liquid investments that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash.

Short-term investments

Short-term investments

The short-term investments of $16,672,811 (2023 - nil, 2022 - nil) consist of guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) held with one Canadian chartered bank and earn interest at rates ranging from 4.35% to 4.5%, that mature within one year.

Property and equipment

Property and equipment

Property and equipment are recorded at cost. Depreciation is calculated based on the estimated useful life of the asset using the following method and useful lives:

 SCHEDULE OF PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT ESTIMATED LIVES

Machinery and equipment	Straight Line, 5 years
Leasehold improvements	Straight Line, term of the lease
Office equipment	Straight Line, 3 - 5 years

Patents and licenses

Patents and licenses

Patents and licenses are recorded at cost and amortized on a straight line basis over 12 years. Ongoing maintenance costs are expensed as incurred.

Impairment of long-lived assets

Impairment of long-lived assets

The Company’s tangible and intangible assets are reviewed for indications of impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts of the assets may not be recoverable. An assessment is made at each reporting date whether there is any indication that an asset may be impaired.

An impairment loss is recognized when the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount. Impairment losses are recognized in profit and loss for the year. The recoverable amount is the greater of the asset’s fair value less costs to sell and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. For an asset that does not generate largely independent cash inflows, the recoverable amount is determined for the cash-generating unit (“CGU”) to which the asset belongs.

An impairment loss is reversed if there is an indication that there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount. An impairment loss is reversed only to the extent that the asset’s carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation or amortization, if no impairment loss had been recognized. No impairment loss has been reported for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022.

Income taxes

Income taxes

The Company follows the liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred income taxes are provided on differences between the financial reporting and income tax bases of assets and liabilities and on income tax losses available to be carried forward to future years for tax purposes. Deferred income taxes are measured using the substantively enacted tax rates and laws that are expected to be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse. Deferred tax assets are only recognized if the amount is expected to be realized in the future.

Revenue recognition

Revenue recognition

Revenue is measured based on the consideration specified in a contract with a customer and excludes amounts collected on behalf of third parties. The Company recognizes revenue when it transfers control over a product or service to a customer.

Sale of goods

Revenue from the sale of goods is recognized, net of discounts and customer rebates, at the point in time the transfer of control of the related products has taken place as specified in the sales contract and collectability is reasonably assured.

Service revenue

The Company provides contract services, primarily in the form of non-recurring revenue (“NRE”) where control is passed to the customer over time. The contracts generally provide agreed upon milestones for customer payment which include but are not limited to the delivery of sample products, design reports and test reports. The customer makes payment when it has approved the delivery of the milestone. The Company must determine if the contract is made up of a series of independent performance obligations or a single performance obligation. Where NRE contracts contain multiple performance obligations for which a standalone transaction price can be assessed, revenue is recognized as each performance obligation is satisfied. Where NRE contracts contain a single performance obligation to be settled over time, revenue is recognized progressively based on the output method.

Other income

Other income

Interest income

Interest income on cash and cash equivalents and short term investments is recognized as earned using the effective interest method.

Government Grants

Government Grants

Loans received exclusively from governmental agencies to support the Company throughout the COVID-19 pandemic qualify to be forgiven if certain conditions are met. Forgiveness of COVID-19 related loans will be recognized as other income on the consolidated statements of operations and deficit.

Intangible assets

Intangible assets

Research and development costs

Research costs are expensed in the year incurred. Development costs are also expensed in the year incurred unless the Company believes a development project meets IFRS criteria as set out in IAS 38, Intangible Assets, for deferral and amortization. IAS 38 requires all research costs be charged to expense while development costs are capitalised only after technical and commercial feasibility of the asset for sale or use have been established. This means that the entity must intend and be able to complete the intangible asset and either use it or sell it and be able to demonstrate how the asset will generate future economic benefits. Development costs are tested for impairment whenever events or changes indicate that its carrying amount may not be recoverable.

POET TECHNOLOGIES INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Expressed in US Dollars)

2. SUMMARY OF MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICY INFORMATION (Continued)

In-Process Research and Development

Under IFRS, in-process research and development (“IPR&D”) acquired in a business combination that meets the definition of an intangible asset is capitalized with amortization commencing when the asset is ready for use (i.e., when development is complete). The Company does not capitalize its IPR&D.

Stock-based compensation

Stock-based compensation

Stock options awarded to non employees are measured using the fair value of the goods or services received unless that fair value cannot be estimated reliably, in which case measurement is based on the fair value of the stock options. Stock options awarded to employees are accounted for using the fair value method. The fair value of such stock options granted is recognized as an expense on a proportionate basis consistent with the vesting features of each tranche of the grant. The fair value is calculated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with assumptions applicable at the date of grant. When stock options are exercised, the proceeds received, together with any related amount in the reserves, are credited to share capital. In the event share options are forfeited prior to vesting, the associated fair value recorded to date is reversed.

Valuation of equity units issued in private placements

Valuation of equity units issued in private placements

When the Company issues warrants that are exercisable in the Company’s functional currency, the proceeds from the issue of units is allocated between common shares and common share purchase warrants on residual values basis as follows: the fair value of the common shares is based on the subscription price of the units issued and the fair value of the common share purchase warrants is determined using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model. The fair value of warrants that expire, is reversed to contributed surplus.

Loss per share

Loss per share

Basic loss per share, net of taxes is calculated by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the year. Diluted loss per share is calculated by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period after giving effect to potentially dilutive financial instruments. The dilutive effect of stock options and warrants is determined using the treasury stock method.

Joint Venture

Joint Venture

A joint arrangement is an arrangement among two or more parties where the parties are bound by a contractual arrangement and the contractual arrangement gives the parties joint control of the arrangement. A joint venture is a form of joint arrangement where an entity is independently formed and the parties jointly have rights to the net assets of the arrangement and therefore account for their interests under the equity method. Prior to December 31, 2024, the Company had a joint venture in China and used the equity method to account for its share of the joint venture’s operations. On December 31, 2024, the Company acquired the other joint venturer’s interest in the joint venture (Note 5).

Leases

Leases

At inception of a contract, the Company assesses whether a contract is, or contains, a lease. A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset over a period of time in exchange for consideration. The Company assesses whether the contract involves the use of an identified asset, whether it has the right to obtain substantially all of the economic benefits from the use of the asset during the term of the contract and it has the right to direct the use of the asset.

The right-of-use asset is subsequently depreciated from the commencement date to the earlier of the end of the lease term, or the end of the useful life of the asset. The right-of-use asset may be reduced due to impairment losses, if any, and adjusted for certain remeasurements of the lease liability.

POET TECHNOLOGIES INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Expressed in US Dollars)

2. SUMMARY OF MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICY INFORMATION (Continued)

A lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments that are not paid at the commencement date discounted by the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if that rate cannot be readily determined the incremental borrowing rate. The lease liability is subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method. Lease payments included in the measurement of the lease liability comprise of fixed payments, variable lease payments, and amounts expected to be payable at the end of the lease term.

The Company has elected not to recognize the right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for short-term leases that have a lease term of twelve months or less. The lease payments associated with these leases are charged directly to income on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Adoption of new accounting policy:

Adoption of new accounting policy:

Presentation of Financial Statements (Amendments to IAS 1)

The Company adopted the amendments to IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements regarding the classification of liabilities as current or non-current based on contractual rights that are in existence at the end of the reporting period. A liability not due over the next twelve months is classified as non-current even if management intends or expects to settle the liability within twelve months. The amendment also introduces a definition of ‘settlement’ to make clear that settlement refers to the transfer of cash, equity instruments, other assets, or services to the counterparty. The amendment issued in October 2022 also clarifies how conditions with which an entity must comply within twelve months after the reporting period affect the classification of a liability. Covenants to be compiled with after the reporting date do not affect the classification of debt as current or non-current at the reporting date. The amendments are effective for annual reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2024.

As disclosed in Note 10, the Company recognized a derivative warrant liability that is exercisable in a currency different from the functional currency of the entity issuing the warrants. Accordingly the variability in potential future cashflows resulted in a derivative warrant liability. The adoption of the amendments to IAS 1 resulted in a change to the presentation of the Company’s warrant derivative liability from non-current to current in nature due to the required retrospective application of this newly adopted standard. There was no effect to operating loss, net loss, or loss per share, or cumulative effect to retained earnings as a result of this change.

Future standards not yet adopted

Future standards not yet adopted

IFRS 18 Presentation and Disclosure in Financial Statements

In April 2024, the IASB issued IFRS 18 Presentation and Disclosure in Financial Statements (“IFRS 18”) which replaces IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements. This standard aims to improve how companies communicate in their financial statements, with a focus on information about financial performance in the statement of profit or loss, in particular additional defined subtotals, disclosures about management-defined performance measures and new principles for aggregation and disaggregation of information. IFRS 18 is accompanied by limited amendments to the requirements in IAS 7 Statement of Cash Flows. IFRS 18 is effective from January 1, 2027. Companies are permitted to apply IFRS 18 before that date. The Company is currently assessing the impact the new standard will have on its consolidated financial statements.

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The description of the entity's material accounting policy information for warrants. Warrants are financial instruments that give the holder the right to purchase ordinary shares.

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