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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2022
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Principles of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its majority-owned subsidiary, the New Jersey Mill Joint Venture (“NJMJV”). Intercompany accounts and transactions are eliminated. The portion of NJMJV partially owned by another investor is presented as non-controlling interest on the consolidated balance sheets, statements of operations, and statement of changes in stockholders’ equity. Accounting for Investments in Joint Ventures and Equity Method Investments Investment in Joint Ventures For joint ventures where the Company holds more than 50% of the voting interest and has significant influence, the joint venture is consolidated with the presentation of non-controlling interest. In determining whether significant influence exists, the Company considers its participation in policy-making decisions and its representation on the venture’s management committee. For joint ventures in which the Company does not have joint control or significant influence, the cost method is used. For those joint ventures in which there is joint control between the parties, the equity method is utilized whereby the Company’s share of the ventures’ earnings and losses is included in the statement of operations as earnings in joint ventures and its investments therein are adjusted by a similar amount. The Company periodically assesses its investments in joint ventures for impairment. If management determines that a decline in fair value is other than temporary it will write-down the investment and charge the impairment against operations. Equity Method Investments Investments in companies and joint ventures in which we have the ability to exercise significant influence, but do not control, are accounted for under the equity method of accounting. In determining whether significant influence exists, the Company considers its participation in policy-making decisions and representation on governing bodies. Under the equity method of accounting, our share of the net earnings or losses of the investee are included in net income (loss) in the consolidated statements of operations. Upon investment, the Company assesses whether a step up in basis of the investee’s net assets has occurred and, if so, adjust our share of net earnings or losses by related depreciation and amortization expense. We evaluate equity method investments whenever events or changes in circumstance indicate the carrying amounts of such investments may be impaired. If a decline in the value of an equity method investment is determined to be other than temporary, a loss is recorded in earnings in the current period. As changes in ownership percentage of our investments occur, the Company assesses whether we can exercise significant influence and account for under the equity method. If our ownership percentage of the company or venture in which we have an investment changes, we recognize a gain or loss on the investment in the period of change. At December 31, 2022, the Company's 37% common stock holding of Buckskin Gold and Silver, Inc. is accounted for using the equity method (Note 9). At December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company’s percentage ownership and method of accounting for each joint venture and equity method investment is as follows:
| December 31, 2022 | December 31, 2021
Joint Venture | % Ownership | Significant Influence? | Accounting Method | % Ownership | Significant Influence? | Accounting Method
NJMJV | 65% | Yes | Consolidated | 65% | Yes | Consolidated
Butte Highlands Joint Venture (“BHJV”) | 50% | No | Cost | 50% | No | Cost
Buckskin Gold and Silver | 37% | Yes | Equity | 37% | Yes | Equity
Non-controlling Interest Non-controlling interests in the net assets of consolidated subsidiaries are identified separately from the Company’s stockholders’ equity and its net income (loss). Non-controlling interests represent non-controlling investor’s initial contribution at the date of the original acquisition, ongoing contributions, and percentage share of earnings since inception. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes for items such as mineral reserves, depreciation lives and methods, potential impairment of long-lived assets, deferred income taxes, settlement pricing of gold sales, fair value of stock based compensation, estimation of asset retirement obligations and reclamation liabilities. Estimates are based on historical experience and various other assumptions that the Company believes to be reasonable. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Revenue Recognition Gold Revenue Recognition and Receivables-Sales of gold sold directly to customers are recorded as revenues and receivables upon completion of the performance obligations and transfer of control of the product to the customer. For concentrate sales, the performance obligation is met, the transaction price can be reasonably estimated, and revenue is recognized generally at the time of shipment at estimated forward prices for the anticipated month of settlement. The embedded derivative contained in our concentrate sales is adjusted to fair value through earnings each period prior to final settlement. Due to the time elapsed from shipment to the customer and the final settlement with the customer, prices at which sales of our concentrates will be settled are estimated. Previously recorded sales and accounts receivable are adjusted to estimated settlement metals prices until final settlement by the customer. For sales of dore’ and metals from doré, the performance obligation is met, the transaction price is known, and revenue is recognized at the time of transfer of control of the agreed-upon metal quantities to the customer by the refiner. Sales and accounts receivable for concentrate shipments are recorded net of charges by the customer for treatment, refining, smelting losses, and other charges negotiated with the customers. Charges are estimated upon shipment of concentrates based on contractual terms, and actual charges typically do not vary materially from estimates. Costs charged by customers include fixed costs per ton of concentrate and price escalators. Refining, selling, and shipping costs related to sales of doré and metals from doré are recorded to cost of sales as incurred. See Note 13 for more information on our sales of products. Other Revenue Recognition-Revenue from harvest of raw timber is recognized when the performance obligation under a contract and transfer of control have both been completed. Sales of timber found on the Company’s mineral properties are not a part of normal operations. Inventories Inventories include concentrate inventory and supplies inventory. Concentrate inventory is valued at the lower of full cost of production or estimated net realizable value based on current metal prices. Costs consist of mining, transportation, royalties, and milling costs including applicable overhead, depreciation, depletion, and amortization relating to the operations. Costs are allocated based on the stage at which the ore is in the production process. Supplies inventory is stated at the lower of first-in, first-out weighted average cost or estimated net realizable value. Income Taxes Income taxes are recognized in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 740 Income Taxes, whereby deferred income tax liabilities or assets at the end of each period are determined using the tax rate expected to be in effect when the taxes are actually paid or recovered. A valuation allowance is recognized on deferred tax assets when it is more likely than not that some or all of these deferred tax assets will not be realized. Uncertain tax positions are evaluated in a two-step process, whereby (i) it is determined whether it is more likely than not that the tax positions will be sustained based on the technical merits of the position and (ii) for those tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold, the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement with the related tax authority would be recognized. Fair Value Measurements When required to measure assets or liabilities at fair value, the Company uses a fair value hierarchy based on the level of independent, objective evidence surrounding the inputs used. The Company determines the level within the fair value hierarchy in which the fair value measurements in their entirety fall. The categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Level 1 uses quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities, Level 2 uses significant other observable inputs, and Level 3 uses significant unobservable inputs. The amount of the total gains or losses for the period are included in earnings that are attributable to the change in unrealized gains or losses relating to those assets and liabilities still held at the reporting date. At December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company did not have any assets or liabilities that were valued at a fair value measurement other than its gold sales receivable. Due to the time elapsed from shipment to the customer and the final settlement with the customer, management must estimate the prices at which sales of gold concentrates will be settled. Previously recorded sales and accounts receivable are adjusted to estimated settlement metals prices until final settlement by the customer. See Note 13 for further information. Financial Instruments The carrying amounts of financial instruments including cash and cash equivalents, reclamation bond, notes payable to related parties, and notes payable approximate their fair values. The fair value of the convertible notes payable at December 31, 2021 was $2,922,923 based on the convertible rate and the trading price of the Company’s stock at December 31, 2021. No convertible debt was outstanding on December 31, 2022. Net Income (Loss) Per Share Net income (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) attributable to the Company excluding net income (loss) attributable to a non-controlling interest by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the year. Diluted net income (loss) per share reflects the potential dilution that could occur from common shares issuable through stock options, warrants, and other convertible securities. For the years ended December 31, 2022, and 2021, potentially dilutive common stock equivalents excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share as their effect would have been anti-dilutive are as follows:
|  | December 31, 2022 |  |  | December 31, 2021 |
Stock options |  |  | 535,953 |  |  |  | 507,175 |
Stock purchase warrants |  |  | 289,294 |  |  |  | 669,467 |
Convertible debt |  |  | - |  |  |  | 392,866 |
Total |  |  | 825,247 |  |  |  | 1,569,508 |
Reclassifications Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the 2022 financial statement presentation. Reclassifications had no effect on net income (loss), stockholders' equity, or cash flows as previously reported. Cash and Cash Equivalents The Company considers cash in banks and other deposits with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash and cash equivalents. These deposit balances may at times exceed federally insured limits. No losses have been recognized because of these balances. Property, Plant and Equipment Property, plant, and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation and amortization are based on the estimated useful lives of the assets and are computed using straight-line or units-of-production methods. The expected useful lives of most of the Company’s buildings are up to 50 years and equipment life expectancy ranges between 2 and 10 years. When assets are retired or sold, the costs and related allowances for depreciation and amortization are eliminated from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is reflected in operations. Mineral Properties Significant payments related to the acquisition of mineral properties, mineral rights, and mineral leases are capitalized. If a commercially mineable ore body is discovered, such costs are amortized when production begins using the units-of-production method based on estimated reserves. If no commercially mineable ore body is discovered, or such rights are otherwise determined to have no value, such costs are expensed in the period in which it is determined the property has no future economic value. Consideration received by the Company pursuant to joint ventures or mineral interest agreements is applied against the carrying value of the related mineral interest. When and if payments received exceed the carrying value, the excess amount is recognized as a gain in the consolidated statement of operations in the period the consideration is received. Interest Capitalization When capital projects are funded within the reporting period for which cash is paid which could have been used for debt reduction an amount equal to a weighted average interest rate of qualifying outstanding debt of the capital project expenditure in interest expense is capitalized. Mine Exploration and Development Costs The Company expenses exploration costs as such in the period they occur. The mine development stage begins once the Company identifies ore reserves which is based on a determination whether an ore body can be economically developed. Expenditures incurred during the development stage are capitalized as deferred development costs and include such costs for drifts, ramps, and infrastructure. Costs to improve, alter, or rehabilitate primary development assets which appreciably extend the life, increase capacity, or improve the efficiency or safety of such assets are also capitalized. The development stage ends when the production stage of ore reserves begins. Amortization of deferred development costs is calculated using the units-of-production method over the expected life of the operation based on the estimated recoverable mineral ounces. Claim Fees Unpatented claim fees paid at time of staking are expensed when incurred. Recurring renewal fees which are paid annually are recorded as other current assets and expensed over the course of the year. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets The Company evaluates the carrying amounts of its long-lived assets for impairment whenever events and circumstances indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable from the estimated future cash flows expected to result from its use and eventual disposition. Estimated undiscounted future net cash flows from each mineral property are calculated using estimated future production, three-year average metals prices, operating capital and costs, and reclamations costs. An impairment loss is recognized when the estimated discounted future cash flows expected to result from the use of an asset are less than the carrying amount of the specific asset group. The Company’s estimates of future cash flows are subject to risks and uncertainties. It is reasonably possible that changes in estimates could occur which may affect the expected recoverability of the Company’s investments in mineral properties. Asset Retirement Obligations and Remediation Costs Mineral properties are subject to standards for mine reclamation that have been established by various governmental agencies. Asset retirement obligations are related to the retirement of the mine when a contractual obligation has been established and a reasonable estimate of fair value can be determined. These obligations are initially measured at fair value with the resulting cost recognized at the present value of estimated reclamation costs The liability is accreted, and the asset amortized over the life of the related asset. Adjustments are made for changes resulting from either the timing or amount of the original estimate underlying the obligation. Separate from asset retirement obligations, the Company records liability for remediation costs when a reasonable estimate of fair value can be determined. Accrued remediation costs are not discounted. Reclamation Bond Various laws and permits require that financial assurances be in place for certain environmental and reclamation obligations and other potential liabilities. At December 31, 2021 the Company had a $103,320 reclamation bond for the Golden Chest Mine. In 2022 the Company added additional bonds of $132,000 associated with milling operations, and an additional $91,700 in bonds for various exploration and drilling projects for a total reclamation bond balance at December 31, 2022 of $327,020. Stock Based Compensation All transactions in which goods or services are received for the issuance of shares of the Company’s common stock or options to purchase shares of common stock are measured at fair value of the equity interest issued. The fair value of common stock awards is determined based upon the closing price of the Company’s stock on the date of the award. The Company estimates the fair value of stock-based compensation of options using the Black-Scholes model, which requires the input of some subjective assumptions. These assumptions include estimating the length of time employees will retain their vested stock options before exercising them (“expected life”), the estimated volatility of the Company’s common stock price over the expected term (“volatility”), the risk-free interest rate and the dividend yield. Changes in the subjective assumptions can materially affect the estimate of the fair value of stock-based compensation. Any forfeitures of stock options are recognized as they occur. Going Concern The Company is currently producing from both the open-pit and underground at the Golden Chest Mine. In the past, the Company has been successful in raising required capital from sale of common stock, forward gold contracts, and debt. As a result of its planned production, equity sales and potential debt borrowings or restructurings, management believes cash flows from operations and existing cash are sufficient to conduct planned operations and meet contractual obligations for the next 12 months. Recent Accounting Pronouncements Accounting Standards Updates Adopted In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-06 Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging—Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity. The update is to address issues identified as a result of the complexity associated with applying generally accepted accounting principles for certain financial instruments with characteristics of liabilities and equity. The update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 for smaller reporting companies, including interim periods within those fiscal years and with early adoption permitted. The early adoption of this update on January 1, 2022, did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. Management does not believe that any other recently issued, but not yet effective, accounting standards if currently adopted would have a material effect on the accompanying financial statements.

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