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Income Taxes
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes Income Taxes
The components of income tax expense for the years ended December 31 are summarized as follows:
(in thousands)20242023
Current:
Federal$7,371 $8,389 
State395 389 
Total current7,766 8,778 
Deferred:
Federal555 (4,150)
State69 (84)
Total deferred624 (4,234)
Total$8,390 $4,544 
For state income tax purposes, ITIC and NITIC generally pay only a gross premium tax found in other expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

At December 31, the approximate tax effect of each component of deferred income tax assets and liabilities is summarized as follows:
(in thousands)20242023
Deferred income tax assets:
Accrued benefits and retirement services$4,132 $3,990 
Net operating loss carryforward210 246 
Impairment of assets135 186 
Reinsurance and commission payable23 62 
Allowance for doubtful accounts6 29 
Lease assets1,335 1,354 
Other559 563 
Total6,400 6,430 
Deferred income tax liabilities:
Net unrealized gain on investments3,015 3,157 
Recorded statutory premium reserve, net of reserves for claims2,508 2,223 
Intangible assets730 797 
Excess of tax over book depreciation721 657 
Lease liabilities1,293 1,324 
1031 gain933 935 
Other1,295 883 
Total10,495 9,976 
Net deferred income tax liabilities$(4,095)$(3,546)

At December 31, 2024 and 2023, there were no valuation allowances recorded. Based upon the Company’s historical results of operations, the existing financial condition of the Company and management’s assessment of all other available information, management believes that it is more likely than not that the benefit of these deferred income tax assets will be realized.

A reconciliation of the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate of 21.0% for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, to income tax expense, is as follows:
(in thousands)20242023
Anticipated income tax expense$8,287 $5,508 
Increase (decrease) related to:
State income taxes, net of federal income tax benefit312 307 
Tax-exempt interest income, net of amortization(986)(525)
Other, net777 (746)
Provision for income taxes$8,390 $4,544 

In accounting for uncertainty in income taxes, the Company is required to recognize in its Consolidated Financial Statements the impact of a tax position if that position is more likely than not of being sustained on an audit, based on the technical merits of the position. In this regard, an uncertain tax position represents the Company’s expected treatment of a tax position taken in a filed tax return, or planned to be taken in a future tax return, that has not been reflected in measuring income tax expense for financial reporting purposes. There were no unrecognized tax benefits or liabilities as of December 31, 2024.

The amount of unrecognized tax benefit or liability may increase or decrease in the future for various reasons, including adding amounts for current tax year positions, expiration of open income tax returns due to the expiration of the applicable statute of limitations, changes in management’s judgment about the level of uncertainty, status of examinations, litigation and legislative activity and the additions or eliminations of uncertain tax positions.
The Company’s policy is to report interest and penalties related to income taxes in the other expenses line item in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and various states. With few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal or state and local examinations by taxing authorities for years before 2020.