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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF
THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2020
or
☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For transition period from to

Commission File Number |  | 001-35791

Northfield Bancorp, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware |  | 80-0882592
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

581 Main Street, | Woodbridge, | New Jersey |  | 07095
(Address of principal executive offices) |  |  |  | (Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (732) 499-7200
Not Applicable
(Former name, former address, and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class |  | Trading Symbol |  | Name of exchange on which registered
Common stock, par value $0.01 per share |  | NFBK |  | The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act: |  |  |
Large accelerated filer | ☒ | Accelerated filer | ☐
Non-accelerated filer | ☐ | Smaller reporting company | ☐
Emerging growth company | ☐ |  |

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒.
As of July 31, 2020, the registrant had 53,126,012 shares of Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share, issued and outstanding.

NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Form 10-Q Quarterly Report
Table of Contents

|  | Page
PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION |  |
Item 1. | Financial Statements | 4
Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 45
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 64
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 66
PART II - OTHER INFORMATION |  |
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 67
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 67
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 67
Item 3. | Defaults Upon Senior Securities | 67
Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures | 67
Item 5. | Other Information | 67
Item 6. | Exhibits | 68
| SIGNATURES | 69

3

Table of Contents
PART I
ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Unaudited) (In thousands, except share amounts)

| June 30, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
ASSETS: |  |  |
Cash and due from banks | $ | 13,802 |  |  | $ | 15,409 |
Interest-bearing deposits in other financial institutions | 97,098 |  |  | 132,409 |
Total cash and cash equivalents | 110,900 |  |  | 147,818 |
Trading securities | 10,094 |  |  | 11,222 |
Debt securities available-for-sale, at estimated fair value | 1,037,489 |  |  | 1,138,352 |
Debt securities held-to-maturity, at amortized cost | 8,648 |  |  | 8,762 |
(estimated fair value of $9,018 at June 30, 2020, and $8,886 at December 31, 2019) |  |  |
Equity securities | 1,330 |  |  | 3,341 |
Originated loans held-for-investment, net | 3,213,689 |  |  | 2,987,067 |
Loans acquired | 360,895 |  |  | 432,653 |
Purchased credit-impaired (“PCI”) loans held-for-investment | 14,775 |  |  | 17,365 |
Loans held-for-investment, net | 3,589,359 |  |  | 3,437,085 |
Allowance for loan losses | (38,520) |  |  | (28,707) |
Net loans held-for-investment | 3,550,839 |  |  | 3,408,378 |
Accrued interest receivable | 13,025 |  |  | 14,609 |
Bank owned life insurance | 155,197 |  |  | 153,459 |
Federal Home Loan Bank of New York stock, at cost | 29,462 |  |  | 39,575 |
Premises and equipment, net | 25,270 |  |  | 25,659 |
Goodwill | 38,411 |  |  | 38,411 |
Operating lease right-of-use assets | 40,366 |  |  | 39,504 |
Other assets | 20,544 |  |  | 26,212 |
Total assets | $ | 5,041,575 |  |  | $ | 5,055,302 |
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY: |  |  |
LIABILITIES: |  |  |
Deposits | $ | 3,621,658 |  |  | $ | 3,408,233 |
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase | 75,000 |  |  | 75,000 |
Other borrowings | 541,271 |  |  | 782,004 |
Operating lease liabilities | 44,781 |  |  | 44,069 |
Advance payments by borrowers for taxes and insurance | 19,882 |  |  | 20,045 |
Accrued expenses and other liabilities | 26,407 |  |  | 30,098 |
Total liabilities | 4,328,999 |  |  | 4,359,449 |
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY: |  |  |
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value: 25,000,000 shares authorized, none issued or outstanding | — |  |  | — |
Common stock, $0.01 par value: 150,000,000 shares authorized, 60,933,707 shares issued at |  |  |
June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, 49,263,377 and 49,175,347 outstanding at June 30, 2020, and December 31, 2019, respectively | 609 |  |  | 609 |
Additional paid-in-capital | 548,495 |  |  | 548,486 |
Unallocated common stock held by employee stock ownership plan | (19,244) |  |  | (19,740) |
Retained earnings | 327,606 |  |  | 322,581 |
Accumulated other comprehensive income | 14,675 |  |  | 4,699 |
Treasury stock at cost: 11,670,330 and 11,758,360 shares at June 30, 2020, and December 31, 2019, respectively | (159,565) |  |  | (160,782) |
Total stockholders’ equity | 712,576 |  |  | 695,853 |
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | $ | 5,041,575 |  |  | $ | 5,055,302 |

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.
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NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(Unaudited) (In thousands, except per share data)

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  |  |  | Six Months Ended June 30, |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Interest income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans | $ | 35,343 |  |  | $ | 33,308 |  |  | $ | 70,680 |  |  | $ | 65,898 |
Mortgage-backed securities | 4,304 |  |  | 4,599 |  |  | 9,926 |  |  | 8,673 |
Other securities | 777 |  |  | 1,699 |  |  | 1,801 |  |  | 3,564 |
Federal Home Loan Bank of New York dividends | 456 |  |  | 340 |  |  | 1,033 |  |  | 742 |
Deposits in other financial institutions | 31 |  |  | 247 |  |  | 203 |  |  | 782 |
Total interest income | 40,911 |  |  | 40,193 |  |  | 83,643 |  |  | 79,659 |
Interest expense: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits | 7,473 |  |  | 10,549 |  |  | 16,752 |  |  | 20,796 |
Borrowings | 3,208 |  |  | 2,485 |  |  | 6,728 |  |  | 4,374 |
Total interest expense | 10,681 |  |  | 13,034 |  |  | 23,480 |  |  | 25,170 |
Net interest income | 30,230 |  |  | 27,159 |  |  | 60,163 |  |  | 54,489 |
Provision for loan losses | 1,921 |  |  | 491 |  |  | 10,104 |  |  | 550 |
Net interest income after provision for loan losses | 28,309 |  |  | 26,668 |  |  | 50,059 |  |  | 53,939 |
Non-interest income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fees and service charges for customer services | 666 |  |  | 1,207 |  |  | 1,786 |  |  | 2,347 |
Income on bank owned life insurance | 865 |  |  | 907 |  |  | 1,741 |  |  | 1,804 |
Gains on available-for-sale debt securities, net | 73 |  |  | 59 |  |  | 60 |  |  | 214 |
Gains (losses) on trading securities, net | 1,626 |  |  | 343 |  |  | (366) |  |  | 1,429 |
Gains on sale of loans | 665 |  |  | — |  |  | 665 |  |  | — |
Other | 343 |  |  | 50 |  |  | 460 |  |  | 86 |
Total non-interest income | 4,238 |  |  | 2,566 |  |  | 4,346 |  |  | 5,880 |
Non-interest expense: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Compensation and employee benefits | 10,444 |  |  | 9,837 |  |  | 17,733 |  |  | 20,857 |
Occupancy | 3,018 |  |  | 3,120 |  |  | 6,078 |  |  | 6,402 |
Furniture and equipment | 349 |  |  | 265 |  |  | 682 |  |  | 524 |
Data processing | 1,612 |  |  | 1,437 |  |  | 3,072 |  |  | 2,700 |
Professional fees | 1,045 |  |  | 811 |  |  | 2,154 |  |  | 1,558 |
Advertising | 343 |  |  | 1,331 |  |  | 1,161 |  |  | 2,095 |
FDIC insurance | 216 |  |  | 255 |  |  | 216 |  |  | 532 |
Other | 828 |  |  | 1,694 |  |  | 2,441 |  |  | 3,286 |
Total non-interest expense | 17,855 |  |  | 18,750 |  |  | 33,537 |  |  | 37,954 |
Income before income tax expense | 14,692 |  |  | 10,484 |  |  | 20,868 |  |  | 21,865 |
Income tax expense | 3,899 |  |  | 2,280 |  |  | 5,524 |  |  | 4,890 |
Net income | $ | 10,793 |  |  | $ | 8,204 |  |  | $ | 15,344 |  |  | $ | 16,975 |
Net income per common share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | $ | 0.23 |  |  | $ | 0.18 |  |  | $ | 0.33 |  |  | $ | 0.36 |
Diluted | $ | 0.23 |  |  | $ | 0.17 |  |  | $ | 0.33 |  |  | $ | 0.36 |
See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements. |  |  |  |  |  |  |

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NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME - (Continued) (Unaudited) (In thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Three Months Ended June 30, |  |  |  | Six Months Ended June 30, |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Net Income | $ | 10,793 |  |  | $ | 8,204 |  |  | $ | 15,344 |  |  | $ | 16,975 |
Other comprehensive income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized gains on debt securities available-for-sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net unrealized holding gains | 5,603 |  |  | 9,930 |  |  | 13,913 |  |  | 18,693 |
Less: reclassification adjustment for net gains included in net income | (73) |  |  | (59) |  |  | (60) |  |  | (214) |
Net unrealized gains | 5,530 |  |  | 9,871 |  |  | 13,853 |  |  | 18,479 |
Income tax expense related to net unrealized holding gains on debt securities available-for-sale | (1,568) |  |  | (2,779) |  |  | (3,894) |  |  | (5,232) |
Income tax expense related to reclassification adjustment for gains included in net income | 20 |  |  | 17 |  |  | 17 |  |  | 60 |
Other comprehensive income, net of tax | 3,982 |  |  | 7,109 |  |  | 9,976 |  |  | 13,307 |
Comprehensive income | $ | 14,775 |  |  | $ | 15,313 |  |  | $ | 25,320 |  |  | $ | 30,282 |

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.
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NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Three Months Ended June 30, 2020 and 2019
(Unaudited) (In thousands, except share data)

| Common Stock |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Shares Outstanding |  | Par Value |  | Additional Paid-in Capital |  | Unallocated Common Stock Held by the Employee Stock Ownership Plan |  | Retained Earnings |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (loss) Net of tax |  | Treasury Stock |  | Total Stockholders' Equity
Balance at March 31, 2019 | 49,773,796 |  |  | $ | 609 |  |  | $ | 546,861 |  |  | $ | (20,743) |  |  | $ | 306,588 |  |  | $ | (2,949) |  |  | $ | (150,926) |  |  | $ | 679,440 |
Net income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 8,204 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 8,204 |
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 7,109 |  |  |  |  | 7,109 |
ESOP shares allocated or committed to be released |  |  |  |  | 205 |  |  | 252 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 457 |
Stock compensation expense |  |  |  |  | 1,112 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,112 |
Forfeitures of restricted stock | (8,000) |  |  |  |  | 118 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (118) |  |  | — |
Exercise of stock options, net | 9,838 |  |  |  |  | (99) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 133 |  |  | 34 |
Cash dividends declared and paid $0.11 per common share) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (5,198) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (5,198) |
Repurchase of treasury stock (average cost of $15.16 per share) | (663,495) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (10,065) |  |  | (10,065) |
Balance at June 30, 2019 | 49,112,139 |  |  | $ | 609 |  |  | $ | 548,197 |  |  | $ | (20,491) |  |  | $ | 309,594 |  |  | $ | 4,160 |  |  | $ | (160,976) |  |  | $ | 681,093 |
Balance at March 31, 2020 | 49,291,928 |  |  | $ | 609 |  |  | $ | 547,712 |  |  | $ | (19,492) |  |  | $ | 321,981 |  |  | $ | 10,693 |  |  | $ | (159,187) |  |  | $ | 702,316 |
Net income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 10,793 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 10,793 |
Other comprehensive income, net of tax |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3,982 |  |  |  |  | 3,982 |
ESOP shares allocated or committed to be released |  |  |  |  | 79 |  |  | 248 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 327 |
Stock compensation expense |  |  |  |  | 433 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 433 |
Issuance of restricted stock | (19,837) |  |  |  |  | 271 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (271) |  |  | — |
Cash dividends declared and paid ($0.11 per common share) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (5,168) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (5,168) |
Repurchase of treasury stock (average cost of $12.24 per share) | (8,714) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (107) |  |  | (107) |
Balance at June 30, 2020 | 49,263,377 |  |  | $ | 609 |  |  | $ | 548,495 |  |  | $ | (19,244) |  |  | $ | 327,606 |  |  | $ | 14,675 |  |  | $ | (159,565) |  |  | $ | 712,576 |

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.
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NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Six Months Ended June 30, 2020 and 2019
(Unaudited) (In thousands, except share data)

| Common Stock |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Shares Outstanding |  | Par Value |  | Additional Paid-in Capital |  | Unallocated Common Stock Held by the Employee Stock Ownership Plan |  | Retained Earnings |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (loss) Net of tax |  | Treasury Stock |  | Total Stockholders' Equity
Balance at December 31, 2018 | 49,635,673 |  |  | $ | 609 |  |  | $ | 546,219 |  |  | $ | (20,992) |  |  | $ | 302,544 |  |  | $ | (9,147) |  |  | $ | (152,794) |  |  | $ | 666,439 |
Net income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 16,975 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 16,975 |
Other comprehensive income, net of tax |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 13,307 |  |  |  |  | 13,307 |
ESOP shares allocated or committed to be released |  |  |  |  | 392 |  |  | 501 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 893 |
Stock compensation expense |  |  |  |  | 2,440 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,440 |
Forfeitures of restricted stock | (8,000) |  |  |  |  | 118 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (118) |  |  | — |
Exercise of stock options, net | 147,961 |  |  |  |  | (972) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,001 |  |  | 1,029 |
Cash dividends declared and paid ($0.21 per common share) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (9,925) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (9,925) |
Repurchase of treasury stock (average cost of $15.16 per share) | (663,495) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (10,065) |  |  | (10,065) |
Balance at June 30, 2019 | 49,112,139 |  |  | $ | 609 |  |  | $ | 548,197 |  |  | $ | (20,491) |  |  | $ | 309,594 |  |  | $ | 4,160 |  |  | $ | (160,976) |  |  | $ | 681,093 |
Balance at December 31, 2019 | 49,175,347 |  |  | $ | 609 |  |  | $ | 548,486 |  |  | $ | (19,740) |  |  | $ | 322,581 |  |  | $ | 4,699 |  |  | $ | (160,782) |  |  | $ | 695,853 |
Net income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 15,344 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 15,344 |
Other comprehensive income, net of tax |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 9,976 |  |  |  |  | 9,976 |
ESOP shares allocated or committed to be released |  |  |  |  | 277 |  |  | 496 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 773 |
Stock compensation expense |  |  |  |  | 881 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 881 |
Issuance of restricted stock | 83,744 |  |  |  |  | (1,145) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,145 |  |  | — |
Exercise of stock options, net | 13,000 |  |  |  |  | (4) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 179 |  |  | 175 |
Cash dividends declared and paid ($0.22 per common share) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (10,319) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (10,319) |
Repurchase of treasury stock (average cost of $12.24 per share) | (8,714) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (107) |  |  | (107) |
Balance at June 30, 2020 | 49,263,377 |  |  | $ | 609 |  |  | $ | 548,495 |  |  | $ | (19,244) |  |  | $ | 327,606 |  |  | $ | 14,675 |  |  | $ | (159,565) |  |  | $ | 712,576 |

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.
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NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited) (In thousands)

| Six Months Ended June 30, |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019
Net income | $ | 15,344 |  |  | $ | 16,975 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |
Provision for loan losses | 10,104 |  |  | 550 |
ESOP and stock compensation expense | 1,654 |  |  | 3,333 |
Depreciation | 1,612 |  |  | 1,542 |
Amortization of premiums, and deferred loan costs, net of (accretion) of discounts, and deferred loan fees | 1,900 |  |  | 2,034 |
Amortization of intangible assets | 110 |  |  | 136 |
Amortization of operating lease right-of-use assets | 2,166 |  |  | 2,196 |
Income on bank owned life insurance | (1,741) |  |  | (1,804) |
Net gain on sale of loans held-for-sale | (665) |  |  |
Proceeds from sale of loans held-for-sale | 48,165 |  |  | — |
Origination of loans held-for-sale | (47,500) |  |  | — |
Gains on available-for-sale debt securities, net | (60) |  |  | (214) |
Losses (gains) on trading securities, net | 366 |  |  | (1,429) |
Net sales of trading securities | 762 |  |  | 183 |
Decrease (increase) in accrued interest receivable | 1,584 |  |  | (1,157) |
Increase in other assets | (3,325) |  |  | (2,457) |
Decrease in accrued expenses and other liabilities | (3,691) |  |  | (3,828) |
Net cash provided by operating activities | 26,785 |  |  | 16,060 |
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |
Net increase in loans receivable | (153,113) |  |  | (53,140) |
Purchases of loans | — |  |  | (41,527) |
Purchases of Federal Home Loan Bank of New York stock | (10,497) |  |  | (14,291) |
Redemptions of Federal Home Loan Bank of New York stock | 20,610 |  |  | 4,478 |
Purchases of debt securities available-for-sale | (132,052) |  |  | (366,902) |
Purchases of equity securities | (24) |  |  | (1,048) |
Principal payments and maturities on debt securities available-for-sale | 232,838 |  |  | 108,361 |
Principal payments and maturities on debt securities held-to-maturity | 106 |  |  | 607 |
Proceeds from sale of debt securities available-for-sale | 12,623 |  |  | 34,442 |
Proceeds from sale of equity securities | 2,035 |  |  | — |
Proceeds from bank owned life insurance | 2,716 |  |  | — |
Purchases and improvements of premises and equipment | (1,223) |  |  | (1,637) |
Net cash used in investing activities | (25,981) |  |  | (330,657) |
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |
Net increase in deposits | 213,425 |  |  | 13,679 |
Dividends paid | (10,319) |  |  | (9,925) |
Exercise of stock options | 175 |  |  | 1,029 |
Purchase of treasury stock | (107) |  |  | (10,065) |
Increase in advance payments by borrowers for taxes and insurance | (163) |  |  | 2,810 |
Repayments under capital lease obligations | — |  |  | (44) |
Proceeds from securities sold under agreements to repurchase and other borrowings | 370,267 |  |  | 349,760 |
Repayments related to securities sold under agreements to repurchase and other borrowings | (611,000) |  |  | (63,502) |
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities | (37,722) |  |  | 283,742 |
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents | (36,918) |  |  | (30,855) |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | 147,818 |  |  | 77,762 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | $ | 110,900 |  |  | $ | 46,907 |

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NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - (Continued) (Unaudited) (In thousands) |  |  |
| Six Months Ended June 30, |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019
Supplemental cash flow information: |  |  |
Cash paid during the period for: |  |  |
Interest | $ | 24,845 |  |  | $ | 24,930 |
Income taxes | 7,375 |  |  | 5,732 |
Non-cash transactions: |  |  |
Loan charge-offs, net | 291 |  |  | 215 |
Initial recognition of operating lease right-of use assets | — |  |  | 43,560 |
Initial recognition of operating lease liabilities | — |  |  | 47,328 |
Transfer of originated loans held-for-investment to loans held-for-sale at fair value | 47,500 |  |  | — |

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.
10

NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 1 – Consolidated Financial Statements
Basis of Presentation
The consolidated financial statements are comprised of the accounts of Northfield Bancorp, Inc. (the “Company”) and its wholly owned subsidiaries, Northfield Investments, Inc. and Northfield Bank (the “Bank”), and the Bank’s wholly-owned subsidiaries, NSB Services Corp. and NSB Realty Trust, collectively (the “Company”). All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting solely of normal and recurring adjustments) necessary for the fair presentation of the consolidated balance sheets and the consolidated statements of comprehensive income for the unaudited periods presented have been included. The results of operations and other data presented for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2020 or for any other period. Whenever necessary, certain prior year amounts are reclassified to conform to the current year presentation.
In preparing the unaudited consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”), management has made estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the consolidated balance sheets and the consolidated statements of comprehensive income for the periods indicated. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to change are: the allowance for loan losses, estimated cash flows of our purchased credit-impaired (“PCI”) loans and the valuation allowance against deferred tax assets. Estimates and assumptions are reviewed periodically and the effects of revisions are reflected in the consolidated financial statements in the period they are deemed necessary. While management uses its best judgment, actual amounts or results could differ significantly from those estimates.
Certain information and note disclosures usually included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) for the preparation of interim financial statements. The consolidated financial statements presented should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes to consolidated financial statements included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, as filed with the SEC.
COVID-19
On March 13, 2020, the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic was declared a national emergency by the President of the United States. The spread of COVID-19 has negatively impacted the national and local economy, disrupted supply chains and increased unemployment levels. The resulting temporary closure of many businesses and the implementation of social distancing and stay-at-home policies has and will continue to impact many of the Company’s customers. The Company is committed to supporting its customers, employees and communities during this difficult time and has adapted to the changing environment. The Company has implemented temporary relief assistance to customers, including the consideration of various loan payment deferral and fee waiver options. Branch facilities remained open, but lobbies were temporarily closed for much of the second quarter of 2020, with transactions being conducted through drive-up windows or on-line channels. As of July 6, 2020, bank branches were fully open with additional health, social distancing, and limited capacity measures put in place to meet safety requirements. We have also transitioned the majority of our workforce to work remotely.
On March 27, 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (“CARES”) Act was signed into law. It contains substantial tax and spending provisions intended to address the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The CARES Act includes a range of other provisions designed to support the U.S. economy and mitigate the impact of COVID-19 on financial institutions and their customers, including through the authorization of various relief programs and measures that the U.S. Department of the Treasury, the Small Business Administration, the Federal Reserve Board (“FRB”) and other federal banking agencies have implemented or may implement.
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NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)
Under the CARES Act, financial institutions are permitted to delay the adoption of the Financial Accounting Standards Board's (“FASB”) Accounting Standard Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326) (“CECL”) until the earlier of the termination date of the national emergency declaration or December 31, 2020. The Company has elected to defer the adoption of CECL, with an effective retrospective implementation date of January 1, 2020.
The CARES Act also includes a provision that permits a financial institution to elect to suspend temporarily troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”) accounting under ASC Subtopic 310-40. To be eligible, a loan modification must be: (1) related to COVID-19; (2) executed on a loan that was not more than 30 days past due as of December 31, 2019; and (3) executed between March 1, 2020, and the earlier of (a) 60 days after the date of termination of the national emergency or (b) December 31, 2020. This includes short-term (e.g., up to six months) modifications such as payment deferrals, fee waivers, extensions of repayment terms, or delays in payment that are insignificant. Borrowers considered current are those that are less than 30 days past due on their contractual payments at the time a modification program is implemented. The banking regulators issued similar guidance, which also clarified that a COVID-19-related modification should not be considered a TDR if the borrower was current on payments at the time the underlying loan modification program was implemented and if the modification is considered to be short-term. The Company implemented a short-term loan modification program in late March 2020 to provide temporary payment relief to borrowers impacted by COVID-19. The program allows for a deferral of payments typically for 90 days, which may be extended for an additional 90 days, for a maximum of 180 days on a cumulative basis. See Note 5 - Loans for additional details of the Company's loan modification program.
A provision in the CARES Act includes a $349 billion fund for the creation of the Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) through the Small Business Administration (“SBA”) and Treasury Department. On April 24, 2020, the Paycheck Protection Program and Health Care Enhancement Act was signed into law, adding an additional $310 billion of funding to the PPP. The PPP provides 100% federally guaranteed loans for small businesses to cover payroll, utilities, rent and interest. These small business loans may be forgiven if borrowers maintain their payrolls and satisfy certain other conditions for a period of time during the COVID-19 pandemic. As of June 30, 2020, the Company had funded over 900 PPP loans to new and existing customers, totaling approximately $109.2 million, and benefiting small businesses with over 13,000 employees. PPP provides for lender processing fees that range from 1% to 5% of the final disbursement made to individual borrowers. Based on the Company’s approved disbursements as of June 30, 2020, we estimate our loan processing fees would be approximately $4.0 million which will be recognized in income in future periods over the life of the loans. PPP loans are fully guaranteed by the SBA, unless the lender violated an obligation under the agreement, and are therefore excluded from the allowance for loan and lease losses calculation.
The Company continues to maintain a strong liquidity and capital position, despite the economic uncertainties presented by the COVID-19 pandemic. As of June 30, 2020, both the Company and the Bank's capital ratios were in excess of regulatory requirements and are currently classified as well capitalized. The Company maintains access to multiple sources of liquidity and expects to have sufficient funds available to meet current commitments in the normal course of business.
While, the Company has not incurred any significant disruption to its business activities as a result of COVID-19, the full impact of the pandemic is unknown and rapidly evolving. The outbreak is having a significant adverse impact on certain industries the Company serves, including retail, accommodations, and restaurants and food services. While most states have re-opened, it is under limited capacities and under other social-distancing restrictions, which has resulted in lower commercial activity and consumer spending. This decrease in commercial activity may result in our customers' inability to meet their loan obligations to us. In addition, the economic pressures and uncertainties related to the COVID-19 pandemic have resulted in changes in consumer spending behaviors, which may negatively impact the demand for loans and other services we offer. Because of the significant uncertainties related to the ultimate duration of the COVID-19 pandemic and its effects on our customers and prospects, and on the local and national economy, there can be no assurances as to how the crisis may ultimately affect the Company's loan portfolio, and business as a whole. The extent of such impact will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain, including when the coronavirus can be controlled and abated and when and how the economy may be fully reopened. As such, the Company could be subject to certain risks, any of which could have a material, adverse effect on our business, financial condition, liquidity, and results of operations.
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NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)
Note 2 – Debt Securities Available-for-Sale
The following is a comparative summary of mortgage-backed and other debt securities available-for-sale at June 30, 2020, and December 31, 2019 (in thousands):

| June 30, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  | Gross |  | Gross |  | Estimated
| Amortized |  | unrealized |  | unrealized |  | fair
| cost |  | gains |  | losses |  | value
Mortgage-backed securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass-through certificates: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Government sponsored enterprises (GSE) | $ | 278,065 |  |  | $ | 11,163 |  |  | $ | 75 |  |  | $ | 289,153 |
Real estate mortgage investment conduits (REMICs): |  |  |  |  |  |  |
GSE | 646,257 |  |  | 7,878 |  |  | 126 |  |  | 654,009 |
Non-GSE | 48 |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 47 |
| 924,370 |  |  | 19,041 |  |  | 202 |  |  | 943,209 |
Other debt securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Municipal bonds | 253 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 254 |
Corporate bonds | 92,631 |  |  | 1,395 |  |  | — |  |  | 94,026 |
| 92,884 |  |  | 1,396 |  |  | — |  |  | 94,280 |
Total debt securities available-for-sale | $ | 1,017,254 |  |  | $ | 20,437 |  |  | $ | 202 |  |  | $ | 1,037,489 |

| December 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  | Gross |  | Gross |  | Estimated
| Amortized |  | unrealized |  | unrealized |  | fair
| cost |  | gains |  | losses |  | value
Mortgage-backed securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass-through certificates: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
GSE | $ | 324,080 |  |  | $ | 6,081 |  |  | $ | 754 |  |  | $ | 329,407 |
REMICs: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
GSE | 643,816 |  |  | 2,076 |  |  | 2,225 |  |  | 643,667 |
Non-GSE | 53 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 53 |
| 967,949 |  |  | 8,157 |  |  | 2,979 |  |  | 973,127 |
Other debt securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Municipal bonds | 296 |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | 299 |
Corporate bonds | 163,725 |  |  | 1,214 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 164,926 |
| 164,021 |  |  | 1,217 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 165,225 |
Total debt securities available-for-sale | $ | 1,131,970 |  |  | $ | 9,374 |  |  | $ | 2,992 |  |  | $ | 1,138,352 |

The following is a summary of the expected maturity distribution of debt securities available-for-sale, other than mortgage-backed securities, at June 30, 2020 (in thousands):

Available-for-sale | Amortized cost |  | Estimated fair value
Due in one year or less | $ | 42,195 |  |  | $ | 42,513 |
Due after one year through five years | 50,689 |  |  | 51,767 |
| $ | 92,884 |  |  | $ | 94,280 |

Contractual maturities for mortgage-backed securities are not included above, as expected maturities on mortgage-backed securities may differ from contractual maturities as borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without penalties.
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NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)
Certain debt securities available-for-sale are pledged or encumbered to secure borrowings under Pledge Agreements and Repurchase Agreements and for other purposes required by law. At June 30, 2020, the fair value of debt securities available-for-sale that were pledged to secure borrowings and deposits was $584.2 million.
For the three months ended June 30, 2020, the Company had gross proceeds of $12.6 million on sales of debt securities available-for-sale, with gross realized gains of $74,000 related to sales of securities and gross realized losses of $1,000 related to calls of securities. For the six months ended June 30, 2020, the Company had gross proceeds of $12.6 million on sales of debt securities available-for-sale, with gross realized gains of $74,000 related to sales of securities and gross realized losses of $14,000 related to calls of securities. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company had gross proceeds of $5.2 million and $34.4 million, respectively, on sales of debt securities available-for-sale, with gross realized gains of $59,000 and $214,000, respectively, and no gross realized losses. The Company recognized net gains of $1.6 million and net losses of $366,000 on its trading securities portfolio during the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively, and net gains of $343,000 and $1.4 million, during the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively.
Gross unrealized losses on mortgage-backed and other debt securities available-for-sale, and the estimated fair value of the related securities, aggregated by security category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, at June 30, 2020, and December 31, 2019, were as follows (in thousands):

| June 30, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Less than 12 months |  |  |  | 12 months or more |  |  |  | Total |  |
| Unrealized |  | Estimated |  | Unrealized |  | Estimated |  | Unrealized |  | Estimated
| losses |  | fair value |  | losses |  | fair value |  | losses |  | fair value
Mortgage-backed securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass-through certificates: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
GSE | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 75 |  |  | $ | 543 |  |  | $ | 75 |  |  | $ | 543 |
REMICs: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
GSE | 112 |  |  | 31,767 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 13,281 |  |  | 126 |  |  | 45,048 |
Non-GSE | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 47 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 47 |
Other debt securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Municipal bonds | — |  |  | 125 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 125 |
Total | $ | 112 |  |  | $ | 31,892 |  |  | $ | 90 |  |  | $ | 13,871 |  |  | $ | 202 |  |  | $ | 45,763 |

| December 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Less than 12 months |  |  |  | 12 months or more |  |  |  | Total |  |
| Unrealized |  | Estimated |  | Unrealized |  | Estimated |  | Unrealized |  | Estimated
| losses |  | fair value |  | losses |  | fair value |  | losses |  | fair value
Mortgage-backed securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass-through certificates: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
GSE | $ | 25 |  |  | $ | 3,404 |  |  | $ | 729 |  |  | $ | 55,184 |  |  | $ | 754 |  |  | $ | 58,588 |
REMICs: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
GSE | 950 |  |  | 197,634 |  |  | 1,275 |  |  | 54,555 |  |  | 2,225 |  |  | 252,189 |
Non-GSE | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 53 |  |  | — |  |  | 53 |
Other debt securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Corporate bonds | — |  |  | — |  |  | 13 |  |  | 15,586 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 15,586 |
Total | $ | 975 |  |  | $ | 201,038 |  |  | $ | 2,017 |  |  | $ | 125,378 |  |  | $ | 2,992 |  |  | $ | 326,416 |

The Company held 12 pass-through mortgage-backed securities issued or guaranteed by GSEs, four REMIC mortgage-backed securities issued or guaranteed by GSEs, and one REMIC mortgage-backed security not issued or guaranteed by a GSE, that were in a continuous unrealized loss position of twelve months or greater at June 30, 2020. There were 10 REMIC mortgage-backed securities issued or guaranteed by GSEs, and two municipal bonds that were in an unrealized loss position of less than twelve months at June 30, 2020. All securities referred to above were rated investment grade at June 30, 2020. Management evaluated these securities and concluded that the declines in fair value relate to the general interest rate environment and are considered temporary. The securities cannot be prepaid in a manner that would result in the Company not
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NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)
receiving substantially all of its amortized cost. The Company neither has an intent to sell, nor is it more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell, the securities before the recovery of their amortized cost basis or, if necessary, maturity.
The fair values of our debt securities available-for-sale could decline in the future if the underlying performance of the collateral for the collateralized mortgage obligations or other securities deteriorates and our credit enhancement levels do not provide sufficient protections to our contractual principal and interest, which may result in other-than-temporary impairment in the future. The Company did not recognize any other-than-temporary impairment charges during the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, or June 30, 2019.
Note 3 – Debt Securities Held-to-Maturity
The following is a summary of debt securities held-to-maturity at June 30, 2020, and December 31, 2019 (in thousands):

| June 30, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |
| Amortized Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Estimated Fair Value
Mortgage-backed securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass-through certificates: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
GSEs | $ | 8,648 |  |  | $ | 370 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 9,018 |
Total securities held-to-maturity | $ | 8,648 |  |  | $ | 370 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 9,018 |

| December 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |
| Amortized Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Estimated Fair Value
Mortgage-backed securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass-through certificates: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
GSEs | $ | 8,762 |  |  | $ | 129 |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 8,886 |
Total securities held-to-maturity | $ | 8,762 |  |  | $ | 129 |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 8,886 |

Contractual maturities for mortgage-backed securities are not presented, as expected maturities on mortgage-backed securities may differ from contractual maturities as borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without penalties. There were no sales of held-to-maturity securities for the six months ended June 30, 2020, or June 30, 2019.
At June 30, 2020, debt securities held-to-maturity with a carrying value of $7.3 million were pledged to secure borrowings and deposits.
At June 30, 2020, there were no debt securities held-to-maturity in an unrealized loss position.
Gross unrealized losses on mortgage-backed securities held-to-maturity, and the estimated fair value of the related securities, aggregated by security category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at December 31, 2019, were as follows (in thousands):

| December 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Less than 12 months |  |  |  | 12 months or more |  |  |  | Total |  |
| Unrealized losses |  | Estimated fair value |  | Unrealized losses |  | Estimated fair value |  | Unrealized losses |  | Estimated fair value
Mortgage-backed securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass-through certificates: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
GSEs | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 378 |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 378 |
Total securities held-to-maturity | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 378 |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 378 |

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NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)
The fair values of our debt securities held-to-maturity could decline in the future if the underlying performance of the collateral for the collateralized mortgage obligations or other securities deteriorates and our credit enhancement levels do not provide sufficient protections to our contractual principal and interest. As a result, there is a risk that significant other-than-temporary impairments may occur in the future given the current economic environment. The Company did not recognize any other-than-temporary impairment charges in earnings on securities held-to-maturity during the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, or June 30, 2019.
Note 4 – Equity Securities
At June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, equity securities totaled $1.3 million and $3.3 million, respectively. Equity securities consist of money market mutual funds, recorded at fair value of $214,000 and $250,000 at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, and an investment in a private Small Business Administration (“SBA”) Loan Fund recorded at net asset value of $1.1 and $3.1 million at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. As the SBA Loan Fund operates as a private fund, its shares are not publicly traded and therefore have no readily determinable market value. The investment in the fund is recorded at net asset value as a practical expedient for reporting fair value.
Note 5 – Loans
Net loans held-for-investment are as follows (in thousands):

| June 30, |  | December 31,
| 2020 |  | 2019
Real estate loans: |  |  |
Multifamily | $ | 2,300,773 |  |  | $ | 2,196,407 |
Commercial mortgage | 535,629 |  |  | 528,681 |
One-to-four family residential mortgage | 82,697 |  |  | 83,742 |
Home equity and lines of credit | 88,105 |  |  | 84,928 |
Construction and land | 46,815 |  |  | 38,284 |
Total real estate loans | 3,054,019 |  |  | 2,932,042 |
Commercial and industrial loans (1) | 152,879 |  |  | 45,328 |
Other loans | 2,411 |  |  | 2,083 |
Total commercial and industrial and other loans | 155,290 |  |  | 47,411 |
Deferred loan cost, net | 4,380 |  |  | 7,614 |
Originated loans held-for-investment, net | 3,213,689 |  |  | 2,987,067 |
PCI Loans | 14,775 |  |  | 17,365 |
Loans acquired: |  |  |
One-to-four family residential mortgage | 147,179 |  |  | 187,975 |
Multifamily | 95,835 |  |  | 108,417 |
Commercial mortgage | 98,281 |  |  | 113,027 |
Home equity and lines of credit | 10,091 |  |  | 12,008 |
Construction and land | 1,475 |  |  | 2,537 |
Total acquired real estate loans | 352,861 |  |  | 423,964 |
Commercial and industrial loans | 8,034 |  |  | 8,689 |
Total loans acquired, net | 360,895 |  |  | 432,653 |
Loans held-for-investment, net | 3,589,359 |  |  | 3,437,085 |
Allowance for loan losses | (38,520) |  |  | (28,707) |
Net loans held-for-investment | $ | 3,550,839 |  |  | $ | 3,408,378 |

(1) Included in originated commercial and industrial loans at June 30, 2020, are PPP loans totaling $105.7 million. There were no PPP loans at December 31, 2019.
There were no loans held-for-sale at June 30, 2020, or December 31, 2019.
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NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)
PCI loans totaled $14.8 million at June 30, 2020, as compared to $17.4 million at December 31, 2019. The majority of the PCI loan balance is attributable to those loans acquired as part of a Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation-assisted transaction. The Company accounts for PCI loans utilizing U.S. GAAP applicable to loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality. At June 30, 2020, PCI loans consisted of approximately 22% commercial real estate loans and 47% commercial and industrial loans, with the remaining balance in residential and home equity loans. At December 31, 2019, PCI loans consisted of approximately 29% commercial real estate loans and 42% commercial and industrial loans, with the remaining balance in residential and home equity loans.
The following table details the accretion of interest income for PCI loans for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and June 30, 2019 (in thousands):

| At or for the three months ended June 30, |  |  |  | At or for the six months ended June 30, |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  |  |  |
Balance at the beginning of period | $ | 16,283 |  |  | $ | 20,797 |  |  | $ | 17,086 |  |  | $ | 21,846 |  |  |  |  |
Accretion into interest income | (717) |  |  | (1,003) |  |  | (1,520) |  |  | (2,052) |  |  |  |  |
Balance at end of period | $ | 15,566 |  |  | $ | 19,794 |  |  | $ | 15,566 |  |  | $ | 19,794 |  |  |  |  |

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NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)
The following tables set forth activity in our allowance for loan losses, by loan type, as of and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, and June 30, 2019 (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended June 30, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Real Estate |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Commercial |  | One-to-Four Family |  | Construction and Land |  | Multifamily |  | Home Equity and Lines of Credit |  | Commercial and Industrial |  | Other |  | Originated Loans Total |  | Purchased Credit-Impaired |  | Acquired Loans |  | Total
Allowance for loan losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance | $ | 5,389 |  |  | $ | 312 |  |  | $ | 671 |  |  | $ | 26,889 |  |  | $ | 574 |  |  | $ | 2,035 |  |  | $ | 86 |  |  | $ | 35,956 |  |  | $ | 789 |  |  | $ | 55 |  |  | $ | 36,800 |
Charge-offs | (164) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (57) |  |  | — |  |  | (221) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (221) |
Recoveries | 13 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | 16 |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |  |  | 20 |
Provisions (credit) | 1,271 |  |  | (40) |  |  | 266 |  |  | 354 |  |  | (16) |  |  | (135) |  |  | 90 |  |  | 1,790 |  |  | — |  |  | 131 |  |  | 1,921 |
Ending balance | $ | 6,509 |  |  | $ | 272 |  |  | $ | 937 |  |  | $ | 27,243 |  |  | $ | 558 |  |  | $ | 1,846 |  |  | $ | 176 |  |  | $ | 37,541 |  |  | $ | 789 |  |  | $ | 190 |  |  | $ | 38,520 |

| Three Months Ended June 30, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Real Estate |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Commercial |  | One-to-Four Family |  | Construction and Land |  | Multifamily |  | Home Equity and Lines of Credit |  | Commercial and Industrial |  | Other |  | Originated Loans Total |  | Purchased Credit-Impaired |  | Acquired Loans |  | Total
Allowance for loan losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance | $ | 5,382 |  |  | $ | 370 |  |  | $ | 574 |  |  | $ | 18,346 |  |  | $ | 336 |  |  | $ | 1,376 |  |  | $ | 92 |  |  | $ | 26,476 |  |  | $ | 1,010 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 27,486 |
Charge-offs | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (57) |  |  | (123) |  |  | (180) |  |  | — |  |  | (53) |  |  | (233) |
Recoveries | 13 |  |  | 72 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 86 |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | 88 |
Provisions (credit) | (64) |  |  | (208) |  |  | 10 |  |  | 38 |  |  | 81 |  |  | 272 |  |  | 176 |  |  | 305 |  |  | — |  |  | 186 |  |  | 491 |
Ending balance | $ | 5,331 |  |  | $ | 234 |  |  | $ | 584 |  |  | $ | 18,384 |  |  | $ | 417 |  |  | $ | 1,591 |  |  | $ | 146 |  |  | $ | 26,687 |  |  | $ | 1,010 |  |  | $ | 135 |  |  | $ | 27,832 |

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NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)

| Six Months Ended June 30, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Real Estate |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Commercial |  | One-to-Four Family |  | Construction and Land |  | Multifamily |  | Home Equity and Lines of Credit |  | Commercial and Industrial |  | Other |  |  |  | Originated Loans Total |  | Purchased Credit-Impaired |  | Acquired Loans |  | Total
Allowance for loan losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance | $ | 4,756 |  |  | $ | 180 |  |  | $ | 536 |  |  | $ | 20,203 |  |  | $ | 317 |  |  | $ | 1,640 |  |  | $ | 151 |  |  |  |  | $ | 27,783 |  |  | $ | 789 |  |  | $ | 135 |  |  | $ | 28,707 |
Charge-offs | (164) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (94) |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | (258) |  |  | — |  |  | (433) |  |  | (691) |
Recoveries | 383 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 388 |  |  | — |  |  | 12 |  |  | 400 |
Provisions (credit) | 1,534 |  |  | 92 |  |  | 401 |  |  | 7,040 |  |  | 241 |  |  | 295 |  |  | 25 |  |  |  |  | 9,628 |  |  | — |  |  | 476 |  |  | 10,104 |
Ending balance | $ | 6,509 |  |  | $ | 272 |  |  | $ | 937 |  |  | $ | 27,243 |  |  | $ | 558 |  |  | $ | 1,846 |  |  | $ | 176 |  |  |  |  | $ | 37,541 |  |  | $ | 789 |  |  | $ | 190 |  |  | $ | 38,520 |

| Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Real Estate |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Commercial |  | One-to-Four Family |  | Construction and Land |  | Multifamily |  | Home Equity and Lines of Credit |  | Commercial and Industrial |  | Other |  |  |  | Originated Loans Total |  | Purchased Credit-Impaired |  | Acquired Loans |  | Total
Allowance for loan losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance | $ | 5,630 |  |  | $ | 342 |  |  | $ | 463 |  |  | $ | 18,084 |  |  | $ | 291 |  |  | $ | 1,569 |  |  | $ | 108 |  |  |  |  | $ | 26,487 |  |  | $ | 1,010 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 27,497 |
Charge-offs | (6) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (83) |  |  | (123) |  |  |  |  | (212) |  |  | — |  |  | (112) |  |  | (324) |
Recoveries | 25 |  |  | 72 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  |  |  | 98 |  |  | — |  |  | 11 |  |  | 109 |
Provisions (credit) | (318) |  |  | (180) |  |  | 121 |  |  | 300 |  |  | 126 |  |  | 105 |  |  | 160 |  |  |  |  | 314 |  |  | — |  |  | 236 |  |  | 550 |
Ending balance | $ | 5,331 |  |  | $ | 234 |  |  | $ | 584 |  |  | $ | 18,384 |  |  | $ | 417 |  |  | $ | 1,591 |  |  | $ | 146 |  |  |  |  | $ | 26,687 |  |  | $ | 1,010 |  |  | $ | 135 |  |  | $ | 27,832 |

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NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)
The following tables detail the amount of loans receivable held-for-investment, net of deferred loan fees and costs, that are evaluated individually, and collectively, for impairment, and the related portion of the allowance for loan losses that is allocated to each loan portfolio segment, at June 30, 2020, and December 31, 2019 (in thousands):

| June 30, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Real Estate |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Commercial |  | One-to-Four Family |  | Construction and Land |  | Multifamily |  | Home Equity and Lines of Credit |  | Commercial and Industrial |  | Other |  |  | Originated Loans Total |  | Purchased Credit-Impaired |  | Acquired Loans |  | Total
Allowance for loan losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment | $ | 117 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  | $ | 129 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 190 |  |  | $ | 319 |
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment | $ | 6,392 |  |  | $ | 268 |  |  | $ | 937 |  |  | $ | 27,243 |  |  | $ | 554 |  |  | $ | 1,842 |  |  | $ | 176 |  |  |  | $ | 37,412 |  |  | $ | 789 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 38,201 |
Loans, net: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Ending balance | $ | 536,245 |  |  | $ | 84,189 |  |  | $ | 46,843 |  |  | $ | 2,304,166 |  |  | $ | 90,110 |  |  | $ | 149,725 |  |  | $ | 2,411 |  |  |  | $ | 3,213,689 |  |  | $ | 14,775 |  |  | $ | 360,895 |  |  | $ | 3,589,359 |
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment | $ | 11,611 |  |  | $ | 1,691 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 634 |  |  | $ | 51 |  |  | $ | 54 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  | $ | 14,041 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5,840 |  |  | $ | 19,881 |
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment | $ | 524,634 |  |  | $ | 82,498 |  |  | $ | 46,843 |  |  | $ | 2,303,532 |  |  | $ | 90,059 |  |  | $ | 149,671 |  |  | $ | 2,411 |  |  |  | $ | 3,199,648 |  |  | $ | 14,775 |  |  | $ | 355,055 |  |  | $ | 3,569,478 |

| December 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Real Estate |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Commercial |  | One-to-Four Family |  | Construction and Land |  | Multifamily |  | Home Equity and Lines of Credit |  | Commercial and Industrial |  | Other |  |  | Originated Loans Total |  | Purchased Credit-Impaired |  | Acquired Loans |  | Total
Allowance for loan losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 135 |  |  | $ | 142 |
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment | $ | 4,756 |  |  | $ | 180 |  |  | $ | 536 |  |  | $ | 20,203 |  |  | $ | 314 |  |  | $ | 1,636 |  |  | $ | 151 |  |  |  | $ | 27,776 |  |  | $ | 789 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 28,565 |
Loans, net: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Ending balance | $ | 529,287 |  |  | $ | 85,355 |  |  | $ | 38,303 |  |  | $ | 2,199,734 |  |  | $ | 86,848 |  |  | $ | 45,456 |  |  | $ | 2,084 |  |  |  | $ | 2,987,067 |  |  | $ | 17,365 |  |  | $ | 432,653 |  |  | $ | 3,437,085 |
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment | $ | 13,226 |  |  | $ | 1,841 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 997 |  |  | $ | 55 |  |  | $ | 58 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  | $ | 16,177 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,780 |  |  | $ | 20,957 |
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment | $ | 516,061 |  |  | $ | 83,514 |  |  | $ | 38,303 |  |  | $ | 2,198,737 |  |  | $ | 86,793 |  |  | $ | 45,398 |  |  | $ | 2,084 |  |  |  | $ | 2,970,890 |  |  | $ | 17,365 |  |  | $ | 427,873 |  |  | $ | 3,416,128 |

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NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)
The Company monitors the credit quality of its loan portfolio on a regular basis. Credit quality is monitored by reviewing certain credit quality indicators. Management has determined that loan-to-value ratios (at period end) and internally assigned credit risk ratings by loan type are the key credit quality indicators that best measure the credit quality of the Company’s loan receivables. Loan-to-value (“LTV”) ratios used by management in monitoring credit quality are based on current period loan balances and original appraised values at the time of origination (unless a current appraisal has been obtained as a result of the loan being deemed impaired). In calculating the provision for loan losses, based on past loan loss experience, management has determined that commercial real estate loans and multifamily loans having loan-to-value ratios, as described above, of less than 35%, and one-to-four family loans having loan-to-value ratios, as calculated above, of less than 60%, require less of a loss factor than those with higher loan to value ratios.
The Company maintains a credit risk rating system as part of the risk assessment of its loan portfolio. The Company’s lending officers are required to assign a credit risk rating to each loan in their portfolio at origination. This risk rating is reviewed periodically and adjusted if necessary. Monthly, management presents monitored assets to the loan committee. In addition, the Company engages a third-party independent loan reviewer that performs semi-annual reviews of a sample of loans, validating the credit risk ratings assigned to such loans. The credit risk ratings play an important role in the establishment of the provision for loan losses and the allowance for loan losses for originated loans held-for-investment. After determining the loss factor for each originated portfolio segment held-for-investment, the collectively evaluated for impairment balance of the held-for-investment portfolio is multiplied by the collectively evaluated for impairment loss factor for the respective portfolio segment in order to determine the allowance for loans collectively evaluated for impairment.
When assigning a risk rating to a loan, management utilizes the Bank’s internal nine-point credit risk rating system.
1.Strong
2.Good
3.Acceptable
4.Adequate
5.Watch
6.Special Mention
7.Substandard
8.Doubtful
9.Loss
Loans rated 1 to 5 are considered pass ratings. An asset is classified substandard if it is inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Substandard assets have well defined weaknesses based on objective evidence, and are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Assets classified as doubtful have all of the weaknesses inherent in those classified substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses present make collection or liquidation in full highly questionable and improbable based on current circumstances. Assets classified as loss are those considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as assets is not warranted. Assets which do not currently expose the Company to sufficient risk to warrant classification in one of the aforementioned categories, but possess weaknesses, are required to be designated special mention.
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NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)
The following tables detail the recorded investment of originated loans held-for-investment, net of deferred fees and costs, by loan type and credit quality indicator at June 30, 2020, and December 31, 2019 (in thousands):

| At June 30, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Real Estate |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Multifamily |  |  |  | Commercial |  |  |  | One-to-Four Family |  |  |  | Construction and Land |  | Home Equity and Lines of Credit |  | Commercial and Industrial |  | Other |  | Total
| < 35% LTV |  | => 35% LTV |  | < 35% LTV |  | => 35% LTV |  | < 60% LTV |  | => 60% LTV |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Internal Risk Rating |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | $ | 248,120 |  |  | $ | 2,049,444 |  |  | $ | 90,805 |  |  | $ | 438,479 |  |  | $ | 53,521 |  |  | $ | 28,326 |  |  | $ | 46,843 |  |  | $ | 89,749 |  |  | $ | 149,391 |  |  | $ | 2,411 |  |  | $ | 3,197,089 |
Special Mention | — |  |  | 760 |  |  | — |  |  | 808 |  |  | 590 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 76 |  |  | 297 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,531 |
Substandard | 585 |  |  | 5,257 |  |  | — |  |  | 6,153 |  |  | 1,727 |  |  | 25 |  |  | — |  |  | 285 |  |  | 37 |  |  | — |  |  | 14,069 |
Originated loans held-for-investment, net | $ | 248,705 |  |  | $ | 2,055,461 |  |  | $ | 90,805 |  |  | $ | 445,440 |  |  | $ | 55,838 |  |  | $ | 28,351 |  |  | $ | 46,843 |  |  | $ | 90,110 |  |  | $ | 149,725 |  |  | $ | 2,411 |  |  | $ | 3,213,689 |

| At December 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Real Estate |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Multifamily |  |  |  | Commercial |  |  |  | One-to-Four Family |  |  |  | Construction and Land |  | Home Equity and Lines of Credit |  | Commercial and Industrial |  | Other |  | Total
| < 35% LTV |  | => 35% LTV |  | < 35% LTV |  | => 35% LTV |  | < 60% LTV |  | => 60% LTV |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Internal Risk Rating |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | $ | 232,950 |  |  | $ | 1,960,984 |  |  | $ | 79,485 |  |  | $ | 440,065 |  |  | $ | 52,886 |  |  | $ | 29,967 |  |  | $ | 38,303 |  |  | $ | 86,547 |  |  | $ | 45,075 |  |  | $ | 2,084 |  |  | $ | 2,968,346 |
Special Mention | — |  |  | 296 |  |  | 370 |  |  | 1,092 |  |  | 777 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 14 |  |  | 301 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,850 |
Substandard | 301 |  |  | 5,203 |  |  | — |  |  | 8,275 |  |  | 1,397 |  |  | 328 |  |  | — |  |  | 287 |  |  | 80 |  |  | — |  |  | 15,871 |
Originated loans held-for-investment, net | $ | 233,251 |  |  | $ | 1,966,483 |  |  | $ | 79,855 |  |  | $ | 449,432 |  |  | $ | 55,060 |  |  | $ | 30,295 |  |  | $ | 38,303 |  |  | $ | 86,848 |  |  | $ | 45,456 |  |  | $ | 2,084 |  |  | $ | 2,987,067 |

22

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NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)
Included in loans receivable are loans for which the accrual of interest income has been discontinued due to deterioration in the financial condition of the borrowers. The recorded investment of these non-accrual loans was $8.8 million and $9.4 million at June 30, 2020, and December 31, 2019, respectively. Generally, loans are placed on non-accrual status when they become 90 days or more delinquent, or sooner if considered appropriate by management, and remain on non-accrual status until they are brought current, have six consecutive months of performance under the loan terms, and factors indicating reasonable doubt about the timely collection of payments no longer exist. Therefore, loans may be current in accordance with their loan terms, or may be less than 90 days delinquent and still be on a non-accruing status.
The non-accrual amounts included loans deemed to be impaired of $6.6 million and $6.8 million at June 30, 2020, and December 31, 2019, respectively. Loans on non-accrual status with principal balances less than $500,000, and therefore not meeting the Company’s definition of an impaired loan, amounted to $2.2 million at June 30, 2020 and $2.6 million at December 31, 2019. There were no non-accrual loans held-for-sale at both June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019. Loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing interest were $978,000 at June 30, 2020 and $518,000 at December 31, 2019, and consisted of loans that are considered well-secured and in the process of collection.
23

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NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)
The following tables set forth the detail, and delinquency status, of non-performing loans (non-accrual loans and loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing), net of deferred fees and costs, at June 30, 2020, and December 31, 2019, excluding PCI loans which have been segregated into pools. For PCI loans, each loan pool is accounted for as a single asset with a single composite interest rate and an aggregate expectation of cash flows (in thousands):

| June 30, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Total Non-Performing Loans |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Non-Accruing Loans |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 0-29 Days Past Due |  | 30-89 Days Past Due |  | 90 Days or More Past Due |  | Total |  | 90 Days or More Past Due and Accruing |  | Total Non-Performing Loans
Loans held-for-investment: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
LTV => 35% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Substandard | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 944 |  |  | $ | 944 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 944 |
Total commercial | — |  |  | — |  |  | 944 |  |  | 944 |  |  | — |  |  | 944 |
One-to-four family residential |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
LTV < 60% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Substandard | 405 |  |  | — |  |  | 77 |  |  | 482 |  |  | 171 |  |  | 653 |
Total | 405 |  |  | — |  |  | 77 |  |  | 482 |  |  | 171 |  |  | 653 |
LTV => 60% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Substandard | 24 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 24 |  |  | — |  |  | 24 |
Total one-to-four family residential | 429 |  |  | — |  |  | 77 |  |  | 506 |  |  | 171 |  |  | 677 |
Multifamily |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
LTV < 35% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Substandard | — |  |  | — |  |  | 291 |  |  | 291 |  |  | — |  |  | 291 |
LTV => 35% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Substandard | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 493 |  |  | 493 |
Total multifamily | — |  |  | — |  |  | 291 |  |  | 291 |  |  | 493 |  |  | 784 |
Home equity and lines of credit |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Substandard | — |  |  | 64 |  |  | 89 |  |  | 153 |  |  | 100 |  |  | 253 |
Total home equity and lines of credit | — |  |  | 64 |  |  | 89 |  |  | 153 |  |  | 100 |  |  | 253 |
Total non-performing loans held-for-investment, originated | 429 |  |  | 64 |  |  | 1,401 |  |  | 1,894 |  |  | 764 |  |  | 2,658 |
Loans acquired: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
LTV < 35% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Substandard | 79 |  |  | — |  |  | 187 |  |  | 266 |  |  | — |  |  | 266 |
LTV => 35% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Substandard | 2,852 |  |  | 1,274 |  |  | 1,753 |  |  | 5,879 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,879 |
Total commercial | 2,931 |  |  | 1,274 |  |  | 1,940 |  |  | 6,145 |  |  | — |  |  | 6,145 |
One-to-four family residential |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
LTV < 60% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Substandard | — |  |  | 188 |  |  | 27 |  |  | 215 |  |  | 161 |  |  | 376 |
LTV => 60% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Substandard | — |  |  | — |  |  | 93 |  |  | 93 |  |  | — |  |  | 93 |
Total one-to-four family residential | — |  |  | 188 |  |  | 120 |  |  | 308 |  |  | 161 |  |  | 469 |
Multifamily |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
LTV < 35% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Substandard | 40 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 40 |  |  | — |  |  | 40 |
LTV => 35% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Substandard | — |  |  | 391 |  |  | — |  |  | 391 |  |  | — |  |  | 391 |
Total multifamily | 40 |  |  | 391 |  |  | — |  |  | 431 |  |  | — |  |  | 431 |
Home equity and lines of credit - Substandard | — |  |  | — |  |  | 28 |  |  | 28 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 42 |
Total home equity and lines of credit | — |  |  | — |  |  | 28 |  |  | 28 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 42 |
Commercial and industrial loans |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Substandard | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 39 |  |  | 39 |
Total commercial and industrial loans | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 39 |  |  | 39 |
Total non-performing loans acquired | 2,971 |  |  | 1,853 |  |  | 2,088 |  |  | 6,912 |  |  | 214 |  |  | 7,126 |
Total non-performing loans | $ | 3,400 |  |  | $ | 1,917 |  |  | $ | 3,489 |  |  | $ | 8,806 |  |  | $ | 978 |  |  | $ | 9,784 |

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NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)

| December 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Total Non-Performing Loans |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Non-Accruing Loans |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 0-29 Days Past Due |  | 30-89 Days Past Due |  | 90 Days or More Past Due |  | Total |  | 90 Days or More Past Due and Accruing |  | Total Non-Performing Loans
Loans held-for-investment: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
LTV < 35% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Substandard |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,416 |  |  | $ | 2,416 |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,416 |
Total commercial | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,416 |  |  | 2,416 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,416 |
One-to-four family residential |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
LTV < 60% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Substandard | — |  |  | — |  |  | 493 |  |  | 493 |  |  | 114 |  |  | 607 |
LTV => 60% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Substandard | — |  |  | 29 |  |  | — |  |  | 29 |  |  | — |  |  | 29 |
Total one-to-four family residential | — |  |  | 29 |  |  | 493 |  |  | 522 |  |  | 114 |  |  | 636 |
Home equity and lines of credit |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Substandard | — |  |  | 67 |  |  | 89 |  |  | 156 |  |  | — |  |  | 156 |
Total home equity and lines of credit | — |  |  | 67 |  |  | 89 |  |  | 156 |  |  | — |  |  | 156 |
Total non-performing loans held-for-investment, originated | — |  |  | 96 |  |  | 2,998 |  |  | 3,094 |  |  | 114 |  |  | 3,208 |
Loans acquired: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
LTV < 35% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Substandard | 79 |  |  | — |  |  | 188 |  |  | 267 |  |  | 66 |  |  | 333 |
LTV => 35% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Substandard | 3,530 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,709 |  |  | 5,239 |  |  | 187 |  |  | 5,426 |
Total commercial | 3,609 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,897 |  |  | 5,506 |  |  | 253 |  |  | 5,759 |
One-to-four family residential |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
LTV < 60% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Substandard | 190 |  |  | — |  |  | 85 |  |  | 275 |  |  | 151 |  |  | 426 |
LTV => 60% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Substandard | — |  |  | — |  |  | 93 |  |  | 93 |  |  | — |  |  | 93 |
Total one-to-four family residential | 190 |  |  | — |  |  | 178 |  |  | 368 |  |  | 151 |  |  | 519 |
Multifamily |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
LTV < 35% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Substandard | 40 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 40 |  |  | — |  |  | 40 |
LTV => 35% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Substandard | — |  |  | 397 |  |  | — |  |  | 397 |  |  | — |  |  | 397 |
Total multifamily | 40 |  |  | 397 |  |  | — |  |  | 437 |  |  | — |  |  | 437 |
Home equity and lines of credit |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Substandard | — |  |  | — |  |  | 28 |  |  | 28 |  |  | — |  |  | 28 |
Total home equity and lines of credit | — |  |  | — |  |  | 28 |  |  | 28 |  |  | — |  |  | 28 |
Total non-performing loans acquired | 3,839 |  |  | 397 |  |  | 2,103 |  |  | 6,339 |  |  | 404 |  |  | 6,743 |
Total non-performing loans | $ | 3,839 |  |  | $ | 493 |  |  | $ | 5,101 |  |  | $ | 9,433 |  |  | $ | 518 |  |  | $ | 9,951 |

25

Table of Contents
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)
The following tables set forth the detail and delinquency status of originated and acquired loans held-for-investment, net of deferred fees and costs, by performing and non-performing loans at June 30, 2020, and December 31, 2019 (in thousands):

| June 30, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Performing (Accruing) Loans |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 0-29 Days Past Due |  | 30-89 Days Past Due |  | Total |  | Non-Performing Loans |  | Total Loans Receivable, net
Loans held-for-investment: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
LTV < 35% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | $ | 88,671 |  |  | $ | 2,134 |  |  | $ | 90,805 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 90,805 |
Total | 88,671 |  |  | 2,134 |  |  | 90,805 |  |  | — |  |  | 90,805 |
LTV => 35% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | 430,117 |  |  | 8,362 |  |  | 438,479 |  |  | — |  |  | 438,479 |
Special Mention | 808 |  |  | — |  |  | 808 |  |  | — |  |  | 808 |
Substandard | 5,209 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,209 |  |  | 944 |  |  | 6,153 |
Total | 436,134 |  |  | 8,362 |  |  | 444,496 |  |  | 944 |  |  | 445,440 |
Total commercial | 524,805 |  |  | 10,496 |  |  | 535,301 |  |  | 944 |  |  | 536,245 |
One-to-four family residential |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
LTV < 60% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | 53,077 |  |  | 444 |  |  | 53,521 |  |  | — |  |  | 53,521 |
Special Mention | 80 |  |  | 510 |  |  | 590 |  |  | — |  |  | 590 |
Substandard | 1,074 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,074 |  |  | 653 |  |  | 1,727 |
Total | 54,231 |  |  | 954 |  |  | 55,185 |  |  | 653 |  |  | 55,838 |
LTV => 60% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | 28,326 |  |  | — |  |  | 28,326 |  |  | — |  |  | 28,326 |
Substandard | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 25 |  |  | 25 |
Total | 28,326 |  |  | — |  |  | 28,326 |  |  | 25 |  |  | 28,351 |
Total one-to-four family residential | 82,557 |  |  | 954 |  |  | 83,511 |  |  | 678 |  |  | 84,189 |
Construction and land |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | 46,645 |  |  | 198 |  |  | 46,843 |  |  | — |  |  | 46,843 |
Total construction and land | 46,645 |  |  | 198 |  |  | 46,843 |  |  | — |  |  | 46,843 |
Multifamily |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
LTV < 35% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | 248,120 |  |  | — |  |  | 248,120 |  |  | — |  |  | 248,120 |
Substandard | 294 |  |  | — |  |  | 294 |  |  | 291 |  |  | 585 |
Total | 248,414 |  |  | — |  |  | 248,414 |  |  | 291 |  |  | 248,705 |
LTV => 35% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | 2,049,444 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,049,444 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,049,444 |
Special Mention | 760 |  |  | — |  |  | 760 |  |  | — |  |  | 760 |
Substandard | 4,690 |  |  | 75 |  |  | 4,765 |  |  | 492 |  |  | 5,257 |
Total | 2,054,894 |  |  | 75 |  |  | 2,054,969 |  |  | 492 |  |  | 2,055,461 |
Total multifamily | 2,303,308 |  |  | 75 |  |  | 2,303,383 |  |  | 783 |  |  | 2,304,166 |
Home equity and lines of credit |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | 89,455 |  |  | 294 |  |  | 89,749 |  |  | — |  |  | 89,749 |
Special Mention | 76 |  |  | — |  |  | 76 |  |  | — |  |  | 76 |
Substandard | 32 |  |  | — |  |  | 32 |  |  | 253 |  |  | 285 |
Total home equity and lines of credit | 89,563 |  |  | 294 |  |  | 89,857 |  |  | 253 |  |  | 90,110 |
Commercial and industrial |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | 148,939 |  |  | 452 |  |  | 149,391 |  |  | — |  |  | 149,391 |
Special Mention | 267 |  |  | 30 |  |  | 297 |  |  | — |  |  | 297 |
Substandard | 37 |  |  | — |  |  | 37 |  |  | — |  |  | 37 |
Total commercial and industrial | 149,243 |  |  | 482 |  |  | 149,725 |  |  | — |  |  | 149,725 |

26

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NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)

| June 30, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Performing (Accruing) Loans (Continued) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 0-29 Days Past Due |  | 30-89 Days Past Due |  | Total |  | Non-Performing Loans |  | Total Loans Receivable, net
Other loans |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | 2,411 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,411 |  |  |  |  | 2,411 |
Total originated loans held-for-investment | 3,198,532 |  |  | 12,499 |  |  | 3,211,031 |  |  | 2,658 |  |  | 3,213,689 |
Acquired loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
One-to-four family residential |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
LTV < 60% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | 132,919 |  |  | 834 |  |  | 133,753 |  |  | 155 |  |  | 133,908 |
Special Mention | — |  |  | 378 |  |  | 378 |  |  | — |  |  | 378 |
Substandard | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 221 |  |  | 221 |
Total | 132,919 |  |  | 1,212 |  |  | 134,131 |  |  | 376 |  |  | 134,507 |
LTV => 60% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | 12,579 |  |  | — |  |  | 12,579 |  |  | — |  |  | 12,579 |
Substandard | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 93 |  |  | 93 |
Total | 12,579 |  |  | — |  |  | 12,579 |  |  | 93 |  |  | 12,672 |
Total one-to-four family residential | 145,498 |  |  | 1,212 |  |  | 146,710 |  |  | 469 |  |  | 147,179 |
Commercial |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
LTV < 35% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | 32,999 |  |  | — |  |  | 32,999 |  |  | — |  |  | 32,999 |
Special Mention | 83 |  |  | — |  |  | 83 |  |  | — |  |  | 83 |
Substandard | 591 |  |  | — |  |  | 591 |  |  | 266 |  |  | 857 |
Total | 33,673 |  |  | — |  |  | 33,673 |  |  | 266 |  |  | 33,939 |
LTV => 35% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | 49,705 |  |  | — |  |  | 49,705 |  |  | — |  |  | 49,705 |
Special Mention | — |  |  | 336 |  |  | 336 |  |  | — |  |  | 336 |
Substandard | 6,822 |  |  | 1,601 |  |  | 8,423 |  |  | 5,878 |  |  | 14,301 |
Total | 56,527 |  |  | 1,937 |  |  | 58,464 |  |  | 5,878 |  |  | 64,342 |
Total commercial | 90,200 |  |  | 1,937 |  |  | 92,137 |  |  | 6,144 |  |  | 98,281 |
Construction and land |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | 1,475 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,475 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,475 |
Total construction and land | 1,475 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,475 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,475 |
Multifamily |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
LTV < 35% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | 92,794 |  |  | — |  |  | 92,794 |  |  | — |  |  | 92,794 |
Substandard | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 40 |  |  | 40 |
Total | 92,794 |  |  | — |  |  | 92,794 |  |  | 40 |  |  | 92,834 |
LTV => 35% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | 2,609 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,609 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,609 |
Substandard | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 392 |  |  | 392 |
Total | 2,609 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,609 |  |  | 392 |  |  | 3,001 |
Total multifamily | 95,403 |  |  | — |  |  | 95,403 |  |  | 432 |  |  | 95,835 |
Home equity and lines of credit |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | 9,467 |  |  | 408 |  |  | 9,875 |  |  | — |  |  | 9,875 |
Special Mention | $ | 46 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 46 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 46 |
Substandard | 80 |  |  | 48 |  |  | 128 |  |  | 42 |  |  | 170 |
Total home equity and lines of credit | 9,593 |  |  | 456 |  |  | 10,049 |  |  | 42 |  |  | 10,091 |
Commercial and industrial |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | 7,995 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,995 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,995 |
Substandard | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 39 |  |  | 39 |
Total commercial and industrial | 7,995 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,995 |  |  | 39 |  |  | 8,034 |
Total loans acquired | 350,164 |  |  | 3,605 |  |  | 353,769 |  |  | 7,126 |  |  | 360,895 |
| $ | 3,548,696 |  |  | $ | 16,104 |  |  | $ | 3,564,800 |  |  | $ | 9,784 |  |  | $ | 3,574,584 |

27

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NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)

| December 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Performing (Accruing) Loans |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 0-29 Days Past Due |  | 30-89 Days Past Due |  | Total |  | Non-Performing Loans |  | Total Loans Receivable, net
Loans held-for-investment: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
LTV < 35% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | $ | 79,383 |  |  | $ | 102 |  |  | $ | 79,485 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 79,485 |
Special Mention | 370 |  |  | — |  |  | 370 |  |  | — |  |  | 370 |
Total | 79,753 |  |  | 102 |  |  | 79,855 |  |  | — |  |  | 79,855 |
LTV => 35% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | 439,253 |  |  | 812 |  |  | 440,065 |  |  | — |  |  | 440,065 |
Special Mention | 1,092 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,092 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,092 |
Substandard | 5,228 |  |  | 631 |  |  | 5,859 |  |  | 2,416 |  |  | 8,275 |
Total | 445,573 |  |  | 1,443 |  |  | 447,016 |  |  | 2,416 |  |  | 449,432 |
Total commercial | 525,326 |  |  | 1,545 |  |  | 526,871 |  |  | 2,416 |  |  | 529,287 |
One-to-four family residential |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
LTV < 60% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | 52,757 |  |  | 129 |  |  | 52,886 |  |  | — |  |  | 52,886 |
Special Mention | — |  |  | 777 |  |  | 777 |  |  | — |  |  | 777 |
Substandard | 790 |  |  | — |  |  | 790 |  |  | 607 |  |  | 1,397 |
Total | 53,547 |  |  | 906 |  |  | 54,453 |  |  | 607 |  |  | 55,060 |
LTV => 60% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | 29,741 |  |  | 226 |  |  | 29,967 |  |  | — |  |  | 29,967 |
Substandard | 299 |  |  | — |  |  | 299 |  |  | 29 |  |  | 328 |
Total | 30,040 |  |  | 226 |  |  | 30,266 |  |  | 29 |  |  | 30,295 |
Total one-to-four family residential | 83,587 |  |  | 1,132 |  |  | 84,719 |  |  | 636 |  |  | 85,355 |
Construction and land |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | 38,156 |  |  | 147 |  |  | 38,303 |  |  | — |  |  | 38,303 |
Total construction and land | 38,156 |  |  | 147 |  |  | 38,303 |  |  | — |  |  | 38,303 |
Multifamily |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
LTV < 35% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | 232,658 |  |  | 292 |  |  | 232,950 |  |  | — |  |  | 232,950 |
Substandard | 301 |  |  | — |  |  | 301 |  |  | — |  |  | 301 |
Total | 232,959 |  |  | 292 |  |  | 233,251 |  |  | — |  |  | 233,251 |
LTV => 35% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | 1,960,729 |  |  | 255 |  |  | 1,960,984 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,960,984 |
Special Mention | 296 |  |  | — |  |  | 296 |  |  | — |  |  | 296 |
Substandard | 5,203 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,203 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,203 |
Total | 1,966,228 |  |  | 255 |  |  | 1,966,483 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,966,483 |
Total multifamily | 2,199,187 |  |  | 547 |  |  | 2,199,734 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,199,734 |
Home equity and lines of credit |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | 86,380 |  |  | 167 |  |  | 86,547 |  |  | — |  |  | 86,547 |
Special Mention | 14 |  |  | — |  |  | 14 |  |  | — |  |  | 14 |
Substandard | 131 |  |  | — |  |  | 131 |  |  | 156 |  |  | 287 |
Total home equity and lines of credit | 86,525 |  |  | 167 |  |  | 86,692 |  |  | 156 |  |  | 86,848 |
Commercial and industrial loans |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | 44,886 |  |  | 189 |  |  | 45,075 |  |  | — |  |  | 45,075 |
Special Mention | 301 |  |  | — |  |  | 301 |  |  | — |  |  | 301 |
Substandard | 80 |  |  | — |  |  | 80 |  |  | — |  |  | 80 |
Total commercial and industrial loans | 45,267 |  |  | 189 |  |  | 45,456 |  |  | — |  |  | 45,456 |
Other loans - Pass | 2,058 |  |  | 26 |  |  | 2,084 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,084 |
Total originated loans held-for-investment | 2,980,106 |  |  | 3,753 |  |  | 2,983,859 |  |  | 3,208 |  |  | 2,987,067 |

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NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)

| December 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Performing (Accruing) Loans |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 0-29 Days Past Due |  | 30-89 Days Past Due |  | Total |  | Non-Performing Loans |  | Total Loans Receivable, net
Loans Acquired |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
One-to-four family residential |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
LTV < 60% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | 172,882 |  |  | 73 |  |  | 172,955 |  |  | — |  |  | 172,955 |
Special Mention | — |  |  | 385 |  |  | 385 |  |  | — |  |  | 385 |
Substandard | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 426 |  |  | 426 |
Total | 172,882 |  |  | 458 |  |  | 173,340 |  |  | 426 |  |  | 173,766 |
LTV => 60% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | 14,116 |  |  | — |  |  | 14,116 |  |  | — |  |  | 14,116 |
Substandard | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 93 |  |  | 93 |
Total | 14,116 |  |  | — |  |  | 14,116 |  |  | 93 |  |  | 14,209 |
Total one-to-four family residential | 186,998 |  |  | 458 |  |  | 187,456 |  |  | 519 |  |  | 187,975 |
Commercial |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
LTV < 35% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | 35,173 |  |  | 287 |  |  | 35,460 |  |  | — |  |  | 35,460 |
Special Mention | 994 |  |  | 194 |  |  | 1,188 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,188 |
Substandard | 369 |  |  | — |  |  | 369 |  |  | 334 |  |  | 703 |
Total | 36,536 |  |  | 481 |  |  | 37,017 |  |  | 334 |  |  | 37,351 |
LTV => 35% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | 60,311 |  |  | — |  |  | 60,311 |  |  | — |  |  | 60,311 |
Special Mention | 134 |  |  | 464 |  |  | 598 |  |  | — |  |  | 598 |
Substandard | 6,382 |  |  | 2,960 |  |  | 9,342 |  |  | 5,425 |  |  | 14,767 |
Total | 66,827 |  |  | 3,424 |  |  | 70,251 |  |  | 5,425 |  |  | 75,676 |
Total commercial | 103,363 |  |  | 3,905 |  |  | 107,268 |  |  | 5,759 |  |  | 113,027 |
Construction and land |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | 2,537 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,537 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,537 |
Total construction and land | 2,537 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,537 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,537 |
Multifamily |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
LTV < 35% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | 105,327 |  |  | — |  |  | 105,327 |  |  | — |  |  | 105,327 |
Substandard | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 40 |  |  | 40 |
Total | 105,327 |  |  | — |  |  | 105,327 |  |  | 40 |  |  | 105,367 |
LTV => 35% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | 2,653 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,653 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,653 |
Substandard | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 397 |  |  | 397 |
Total | 2,653 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,653 |  |  | 397 |  |  | 3,050 |
Total multifamily | 107,980 |  |  | — |  |  | 107,980 |  |  | 437 |  |  | 108,417 |
Home equity and lines of credit |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | 11,842 |  |  | 50 |  |  | 11,892 |  |  | — |  |  | 11,892 |
Substandard | 88 |  |  | — |  |  | 88 |  |  | 28 |  |  | 116 |
Total home equity and lines of credit | 11,930 |  |  | 50 |  |  | 11,980 |  |  | 28 |  |  | 12,008 |
Commercial and industrial loans |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | 8,649 |  |  | 40 |  |  | 8,689 |  |  | — |  |  | 8,689 |
Total commercial and industrial loans | 8,649 |  |  | 40 |  |  | 8,689 |  |  | — |  |  | 8,689 |
Other | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total loans acquired | 421,457 |  |  | 4,453 |  |  | 425,910 |  |  | 6,743 |  |  | 432,653 |
| $ | 3,401,563 |  |  | $ | 8,206 |  |  | $ | 3,409,769 |  |  | $ | 9,951 |  |  | $ | 3,419,720 |

29

Table of Contents
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)
The following table summarizes originated and acquired impaired loans as of June 30, 2020, and December 31, 2019 (in thousands):

| June 30, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  | December 31, 2019 |  |  |  |
| Recorded Investment |  | Unpaid Principal Balance |  | Related Allowance |  | Recorded Investment |  | Unpaid Principal Balance |  | Related Allowance
With No Allowance Recorded: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
LTV < 35% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Substandard | $ | 79 |  |  | $ | 218 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 139 |  |  | $ | — |
LTV => 35% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | 3,629 |  |  | 4,378 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,582 |  |  | 6,468 |  |  | — |
Special Mention | 511 |  | 648 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Substandard | 8,449 |  |  | 8,655 |  |  | — |  |  | 10,438 |  |  | 11,002 |  |  | — |
One-to-four family residential |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
LTV < 60% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | 1,057 |  |  | 1,145 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,379 |  |  | 1,463 |  |  | — |
Special Mention | 378 |  |  | 378 |  |  | — |  |  | 385 |  |  | 385 |  |  | — |
Substandard | 218 |  |  | 218 |  |  | — |  |  | 564 |  |  | 564 |  |  | — |
LTV => 60% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | 118 |  |  | 153 |  |  | — |  |  | 122 |  |  | 154 |  |  | — |
Substandard | 25 |  |  | 25 |  |  | — |  |  | 29 |  |  | 29 |  |  | — |
Multifamily |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
LTV < 35% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Substandard | 40 |  |  | 40 |  |  | — |  |  | 40 |  |  | 40 |  |  | — |
LTV => 35% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 26 |  |  | 496 |  |  | — |
Special Mention | 22 |  |  | 493 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Substandard | 611 |  |  | 611 |  |  | — |  |  | 972 |  |  | 972 |  |  | — |
Home equity and lines of credit |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | 19 |  |  | 19 |  |  | — |  |  | 22 |  |  | 22 |  |  | — |
Commercial and industrial loans |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Substandard | 37 |  |  | 37 |  |  | — |  |  | 39 |  |  | 39 |  |  | — |
With a Related Allowance Recorded: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
LTV => 35% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | 1,318 |  |  | 1,318 |  |  | (19) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Substandard | 2,799 |  |  | 3,397 |  |  | (288) |  |  | 1,307 |  |  | 1,307 |  |  | (135) |
One-to-four family residential |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
LTV < 60% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Substandard | 522 |  |  | 522 |  |  | (4) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Home equity and lines of credit |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Substandard | 32 |  |  | 32 |  |  | (4) |  |  | 33 |  |  | 33 |  |  | (3) |
Commercial and industrial loans |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Special Mention | 17 |  |  | 17 |  |  | (4) |  |  | 19 |  |  | 19 |  |  | (4) |
Total: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate loans |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial | 16,785 |  |  | 18,614 |  |  | (307) |  |  | 17,327 |  |  | 18,916 |  |  | (135) |
One-to-four family residential | 2,318 |  |  | 2,441 |  |  | (4) |  |  | 2,479 |  |  | 2,595 |  |  | — |
Multifamily | 673 |  |  | 1,144 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,038 |  |  | 1,508 |  |  | — |
Home equity and lines of credit | 51 |  |  | 51 |  |  | (4) |  |  | 55 |  |  | 55 |  |  | (3) |
Commercial and industrial loans | 54 |  |  | 54 |  |  | (4) |  |  | 58 |  |  | 58 |  |  | (4) |
| $ | 19,881 |  |  | $ | 22,304 |  |  | $ | (319) |  |  | $ | 20,957 |  |  | $ | 23,132 |  |  | $ | (142) |

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NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)
Included in the above tables at June 30, 2020, are impaired loans with carrying balances of $12.9 million that were not written down by charge-offs or for which there are no specific reserves in our allowance for loan losses. Included in impaired loans at December 31, 2019, are loans with carrying balances of $15.9 million that were not written down by charge-offs or for which there are no specific reserves in our allowance for loan losses. Loans not written down by charge-offs or specific reserves at June 30, 2020, and December 31, 2019, are considered to have sufficient collateral values, less costs to sell, to support the carrying balances of the loans.
The following table summarizes the average recorded investment in originated and acquired impaired loans (excluding PCI loans) and interest recognized on impaired loans as of, and for, the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, and June 30, 2019 (in thousands):
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NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)

| Three Months Ended |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Six Months Ended |  |  |  |  |  |
| June 30, 2020 |  |  |  | June 30, 2019 |  |  |  | June 30, 2020 |  |  |  | June 30, 2019 |  |
| Average Recorded Investment |  | Interest Income |  | Average Recorded Investment |  | Interest Income |  | Average Recorded Investment |  | Interest Income |  | Average Recorded Investment |  | Interest Income
With No Allowance Recorded: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
LTV < 35% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Substandard | $ | 40 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  | $ | 26 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |
LTV => 35% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | $ | 4,560 |  |  | $ | 60 |  |  | $ | 5,801 |  |  | $ | 79 |  |  | $ | 4,901 |  |  | $ | 108 |  |  | $ | 5,844 |  |  | $ | 158 |
Special Mention | 256 |  |  | 10 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 170 |  |  | 20 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Substandard | 9,666 |  |  | 119 |  |  | 10,979 |  |  | 57 |  |  | 9,923 |  |  | 156 |  |  | 11,373 |  |  | 129 |
Construction and Land |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
One-to-four family residential |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
LTV < 60% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | 1,210 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 1,812 |  |  | 22 |  |  | 1,266 |  |  | 29 |  |  | 1,719 |  |  | 44 |
Special Mention | 380 |  |  | 5 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 382 |  |  | 11 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Substandard | 387 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 238 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 446 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 239 |  |  | 4 |
LTV => 60% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | 119 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 126 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 120 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 127 |  |  | 2 |
Substandard | 26 |  |  | — |  |  | 124 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 27 |  |  | — |  |  | 125 |  |  | 6 |
Multifamily |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
LTV < 35% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Substandard | 40 |  |  | — |  |  | 45 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 40 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 80 |  |  | 1 |
LTV => 35% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | 11 |  |  | — |  |  | 34 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 16 |  |  | — |  |  | 35 |  |  | 8 |
Special Mention | 11 |  |  | 4 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 7 |  |  | 8 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Substandard | 792 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 1,100 |  |  | 16 |  |  | 852 |  |  | 22 |  |  | 1,143 |  |  | 35 |
Home equity and lines of credit |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | 20 |  |  | — |  |  | 26 |  |  | — |  |  | 20 |  |  | — |  |  | 26 |  |  | 1 |
Commercial and industrial loans |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Substandard | 37 |  |  | — |  |  | 46 |  |  |  |  | 38 |  |  | — |  |  | 48 |  |  | — |
With a Related Allowance Recorded: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
LTV => 35% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | 659 |  |  | 17 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 439 |  |  | 33 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Substandard | 1,676 |  |  | 24 |  |  | 1,171 |  |  | 17 |  |  | 1,553 |  |  | 24 |  |  | 781 |  |  | 17 |
One-to-four family residential |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
LTV < 60% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Substandard | 261 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 345 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 174 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 449 |  |  | 10 |
LTV => 60% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Multifamily |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
LTV => 35% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Home equity and lines of credit |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Substandard | 33 |  |  | — |  |  | 33 |  |  |  |  | 33 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 33 |  |  | 1 |
Commercial and industrial loans |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Special Mention | 18 |  |  | — |  |  | 20 |  |  |  |  | 18 |  |  | — |  |  | 20 |  |  | — |
Total: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate loans |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial | 16,857 |  |  | 232 |  |  | 17,951 |  |  | 153 |  |  | 17,012 |  |  | 343 |  |  | 17,998 |  |  | 304 |
One-to-four family residential | 2,383 |  |  | 27 |  |  | 2,645 |  |  | 32 |  |  | 2,415 |  |  | 61 |  |  | 2,659 |  |  | 66 |
Multifamily | 854 |  |  | 18 |  |  | 1,179 |  |  | 21 |  |  | 915 |  |  | 31 |  |  | 1,258 |  |  | 44 |
Home equity and lines of credit | 53 |  |  | — |  |  | 59 |  |  | — |  |  | 53 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 59 |  |  | 2 |
Commercial and industrial loans | 55 |  |  | — |  |  | 66 |  |  | — |  |  | 56 |  |  | — |  |  | 68 |  |  | — |
| $ | 20,202 |  |  | $ | 277 |  |  | $ | 21,900 |  |  | $ | 206 |  |  | $ | 20,451 |  |  | $ | 436 |  |  | $ | 22,042 |  |  | $ | 416 |

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NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)
The following tables summarizes loans that were modified in a TDR during the six months ended June 30, 2020, and June 30, 2019:

| Six Months Ended June 30, 2020 |  |  |  |
| Number of Relationships |  | Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment |  | Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment(1)
| (in thousands) |  |  |  |
Troubled Debt Restructurings |  |  |  |  |
Residential | 1 |  | $ | 187 |  |  | $ | 187 |
Commercial real estate | 2 |  | 544 |  |  | 544 |
Total Troubled Debt Restructurings | 3 |  | $ | 731 |  |  | $ | 731 |
(1) Amounts are at time of modification |  |  |  |  |

| Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 |  |  |  |
| Number of Relationships |  | Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment |  | Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment(1)
| (in thousands) |  |  |  |
Troubled Debt Restructurings |  |  |  |  |
Consumer | 1 |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 2 |
Commercial real estate | 1 |  | 2,834 |  |  | 2,834 |
Total Troubled Debt Restructurings | 2 |  | $ | 2,836 |  |  | $ | 2,836 |
(1) Amounts are at time of modification |  |  |  |  |

There were four loans (to three borrowers) in the first table above, that requested COVID-19 relief and were modified as troubled debt restructurings (TDRs) during the three months ended June 30, 2020, all of which were modified to restructure payment terms. All four of the loans were delinquent and on non-accrual status prior to the implementation of our COVID-19 customer relief program (discussed further below) and were therefore considered to be TDRs. There were no loans modified as TDRs during the three months ended June 30, 2019, and two loans modified as TDRs during the six months ended June 30, 2019, both of which were modified to restructure payment terms.
As of June 30, 2020, the Company had approved or executed 262 loan modifications (excluding PCI loans) with principal and/or interest payment deferrals on outstanding loan balances of $345.9 million in connection with COVID-19 relief provided by Section 4013 of the CARES Act and the Interagency Statement on Loan Modifications and Reporting for Financial Institutions Working with Customer Affected by the Coronavirus. Of these 262 payment deferrals, 60 were principal deferrals totaling $142.5 million, and 202 were principal and interest deferrals totaling $203.4 million. These deferrals were generally no longer than three months in duration and were not considered TDRs (other than those noted above). Loans in deferment status (“COVID-19 Modified Loans”) will continue to accrue interest during the deferment period unless otherwise classified as nonperforming. COVID-19 Modified Loans are required to make escrow payments for real estate taxes and insurance, if applicable. For loans given relief of interest, the deferred interest is generally to be paid back over a period not to exceed 18 months. Principal deferrals may be brought current or recast into outstanding principal at time of rate reset or repaid at the end of the loan's contractual term. COVID-19 Modified Loan agreements generally also include covenants that prohibit distributions, bonuses, or payments of management fees to related entities until all deferred payments are made.
At June 30, 2020, and December 31, 2019, we had TDRs of $17.7 million and $18.5 million, respectively.
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NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)
Management classifies all TDRs as impaired loans. Impaired loans are individually assessed to determine that the loan’s carrying value is not in excess of the estimated fair value of the collateral less cost to sell, if the loan is collateral dependent, or the present value of the expected future cash flows, if the loan is not collateral dependent. Management performs an evaluation of each impaired loan and generally obtains updated appraisals as part of the evaluation. In addition, management adjusts estimated fair values down to appropriately consider recent market conditions, our willingness to accept a lower sales price to effect a quick sale, and costs to dispose of any supporting collateral. Determining the estimated fair value of underlying collateral (and related costs to sell) can be difficult in illiquid real estate markets and is subject to significant assumptions and estimates. Management employs an independent third-party management firm that specializes in appraisal preparation and review to ascertain the reasonableness of updated appraisals. Projecting the expected cash flows under troubled debt restructurings which are not collateral dependent is inherently subjective and requires, among other things, an evaluation of the borrower’s current and projected financial condition. Actual results may be significantly different than our projections and our established allowance for loan losses on these loans, which could have a material effect on our financial results.
At June 30, 2020 or June 30, 2019, there were no TDRs that were restructured during the preceding twelve months that subsequently defaulted.
Note 6 – Deposits
Deposits account balances are summarized as follows (in thousands):

| June 30, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
Non-interest-bearing checking | $ | 517,441 |  |  | $ | 387,409 |
Negotiable orders of withdrawal (NOW) and interest-bearing checking | 685,988 |  |  | 573,927 |
Savings and money market | 1,483,734 |  |  | 1,398,345 |
Certificates of deposit | 934,495 |  |  | 1,048,552 |
Total deposits | $ | 3,621,658 |  |  | $ | 3,408,233 |

Interest expense on deposit accounts is summarized for the periods indicated (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  |  |  | Six Months Ended June 30, |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
NOW and interest-bearing checking, savings, and money market | $ | 2,894 |  |  | $ | 5,377 |  |  | $ | 6,967 |  |  | $ | 10,171 |
Certificates of deposit | 4,579 |  |  | 5,172 |  |  | 9,785 |  |  | 10,625 |
Total interest expense on deposit accounts | $ | 7,473 |  |  | $ | 10,549 |  |  | $ | 16,752 |  |  | $ | 20,796 |

Note 7 – Equity Incentive Plans
On May 22, 2019, the Northfield Bancorp, Inc. 2019 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2019 EIP”) was approved by stockholders of the Company. Under the 2019 EIP, the maximum number of shares of stock that may be delivered to participants in the form of stock options, stock appreciation rights (“SARs”), restricted stock awards, or restricted stock units is 6,000,000. To the extent an equity award is issued in the form of a restricted stock grant or restricted stock unit, the number of stock options/SARs that can be granted is reduced by 4.5. The maximum number of shares of stock that may be delivered to participants in the form of restricted stock awards and restricted stock units is 1,333,333 shares. Prior to May 22, 2019, the Company also maintained the Northfield Bancorp, Inc. 2014 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2014 EIP”). Upon approval of the 2019 EIP, the 2014 EIP was frozen and equity awards that would otherwise have been available for issuance are no longer available for grant. No stock options have been granted under 2019 EIP.
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NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)
The following table is a summary of the Company’s stock options outstanding as of June 30, 2020, and changes therein during the six months then ended.

| Number of Stock Options |  | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value |  | Weighted Average Exercise Price |  | Weighted Average Contractual Life (years)
Outstanding - December 31, 2019 | 2,227,193 |  |  | $ | 4.01 |  |  | $ | 13.93 |  |  | 4.96
Exercised | (13,000) |  |  | 3.93 |  |  | 13.38 |  |  | — |
Outstanding - June 30, 2020 | 2,214,193 |  |  | 4.01 |  |  | 13.94 |  |  | 4.46
Exercisable - June 30, 2020 | 2,189,114 |  |  | 4.00 |  |  | 13.91 |  |  | 4.45

Expected future stock option expense related to the non-vested options outstanding as of June 30, 2020, is $53,000 over a weighted average period of 1.4 years.
On February 17, 2020, the Company granted to directors and employees, under the 2019 EIP, 83,744 restricted stock units with a total grant-date value of $1.3 million. Of these grants, 28,460 vest one year from the date of grant and 55,284 vest in equal installments over a five-year period beginning one year from the date of grant. The Company also issued 19,837 performance based restricted stock units to its executive officers with a total grant date fair-value of $313,623. Vesting of the performance based restricted stock units will be measured on achievement of certain levels of Core Return on Average Assets and will cliff-vest after a three-year measurement period ended December 31, 2022, based on the Company's performance relative to a peer group as determined by the Compensation Committee of the Board. At the end of the performance period, the number of actual shares to be awarded may vary between 0% and 225% of target amounts.
The following is a summary of the status of the Company’s restricted stock awards as of June 30, 2020, and changes therein during the six months then ended.

| Number of Shares Awarded |  | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Non-vested at December 31, 2019 | 71,102 |  |  | $ | 15.36 |
Granted | 103,581 |  |  | 15.81 |
Vested | (58,100) |  |  | 14.85 |
Non-vested at June 30, 2020 | 116,583 |  |  | 16.02 |

Expected future stock award expense related to the non-vested restricted share awards as of June 30, 2020, is $1.4 million over a weighted average period of 3.3 years.
During the three months ended June 30, 2020 and June 30, 2019, the Company recorded $432,000 and $1.1 million, respectively, of stock-based compensation related to the above plans. During the six months ended June 30, 2020, and June 30, 2019, the Company recorded $880,000 and $2.4 million, respectively, of stock-based compensation related to the above plans.
Note 8 – Fair Value Measurements
The following tables present the assets reported on the consolidated balance sheets at their estimated fair value as of June 30, 2020, and December 31, 2019, by level within the fair value hierarchy as required by the Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures Topic of the FASB Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”). Financial assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The fair value hierarchy is as follows:
•Level 1 Inputs – Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity has the ability to access at the measurement date.
•Level 2 Inputs – Inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. These include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability (for example, interest rates, volatilities, prepayment speeds, loss severities, credit risks and default rates) or inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlations or other means.
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NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)
•Level 3 Inputs – Significant unobservable inputs that reflect the Company’s own assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the assets or liabilities.
The methods of determining the fair value of assets and liabilities presented in this note are consistent with our methodologies disclosed in Note 14 to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company’s 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

| Fair Value Measurements at June 30, 2020 Using: |  |  |  |  |  |
| Carrying Value |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
| (in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |
Measured on a recurring basis: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Debt securities available-for-sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage-backed securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass-through certificates: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
GSE | $ | 289,153 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 289,153 |  |  | $ | — |
REMICs: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
GSE | 654,009 |  |  | — |  |  | 654,009 |  |  | — |
Non-GSE | 47 |  |  | — |  |  | 47 |  |  | — |
| 943,209 |  |  | — |  |  | 943,209 |  |  | — |
Other debt securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Municipal bonds | 254 |  |  | — |  |  | 254 |  |  | — |
Corporate bonds | 94,026 |  |  | — |  |  | 94,026 |  |  | — |
| 94,280 |  |  | — |  |  | 94,280 |  |  | — |
Total debt securities available-for-sale | 1,037,489 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,037,489 |  |  | — |
Trading securities | 10,094 |  |  | 10,094 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Equity securities | 214 |  |  | 214 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 1,047,797 |  |  | $ | 10,308 |  |  | $ | 1,037,489 |  |  | $ | — |
Measured on a non-recurring basis: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Impaired loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate | $ | 6,125 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 6,125 |
One-to-four family residential mortgage | 517 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 517 |
Multifamily | 22 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 22 |
Home equity and lines of credit | 28 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 28 |
Total impaired real estate loans | 6,692 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6,692 |
Commercial and industrial loans | 14 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 14 |
Total | $ | 6,706 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 6,706 |

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NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)

| Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2019 Using: |  |  |  |  |  |
| Carrying Value |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
| (in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |
Measured on a recurring basis: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Debt securities available-for-sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage-backed securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass-through certificates: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
GSE | $ | 329,407 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 329,407 |  |  | $ | — |
REMICs: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
GSE | 643,667 |  |  | — |  |  | 643,667 |  |  | — |
Non-GSE | 53 |  |  | — |  |  | 53 |  |  | — |
| 973,127 |  |  | — |  |  | 973,127 |  |  | — |
Other debt securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Municipal bonds | 299 |  |  | — |  |  | 299 |  |  | — |
Corporate bonds | 164,926 |  |  | — |  |  | 164,926 |  |  | — |
| 165,225 |  |  | — |  |  | 165,225 |  |  | — |
Total debt securities available-for-sale | 1,138,352 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,138,352 |  |  | — |
Trading securities | 11,222 |  |  | 11,222 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Equity securities | 250 |  |  | 250 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 1,149,824 |  |  | $ | 11,472 |  |  | $ | 1,138,352 |  |  | $ | — |
Measured on a non-recurring basis: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Impaired loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate | $ | 4,871 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,871 |
Multifamily | 26 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 26 |
Home equity and lines of credit | 30 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 30 |
Total impaired real estate loans | 4,927 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,927 |
Commercial and industrial loans | 15 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 15 |
Total | $ | 4,942 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,942 |

The following table presents qualitative information for Level 3 assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis at June 30, 2020, and December 31, 2019 (dollars in thousands):

| Fair Value |  |  |  | Valuation Methodology |  | Unobservable Inputs |  | Range of Inputs |  |  |  |  |  |
| June 30, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  | June 30, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019 |  |  |  |
Impaired loans | $ | 6,706 |  |  | $ | 4,942 |  |  | Appraisals |  | Discount for costs to sell |  | 7.0% |  | 7.0% |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  | Discount for quick sale |  | 10.0% |  | 10.0% |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  | Discounted cash flows |  | Interest rates |  | 4.13% to 6.25% |  | 4.13% to 6.25% |  |  |  |

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NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)
The valuation techniques described below were used to measure fair value of financial instruments in the tables below on a recurring basis and a non-recurring basis as of June 30, 2020, and December 31, 2019.
Debt Securities Available for Sale: The estimated fair values for mortgage-backed securities, corporate, and other debt securities are obtained from an independent nationally recognized third-party pricing service. The estimated fair values are derived primarily from cash flow models, which include assumptions for interest rates, credit losses, and prepayment speeds. Broker/dealer quotes are utilized as well, when such quotes are available and deemed representative of the market. The significant inputs utilized in the cash flow models are based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company (Observable Inputs), and are therefore classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy. There were no transfers of securities between Level 1 and Level 2 during the six months ended June 30, 2020.
Trading Securities: Fair values are derived from quoted market prices in active markets. The assets consist of publicly traded mutual funds.
Equity Securities: Fair values of equity securities consisting of publicly traded mutual funds are derived from quoted market prices in active markets.
Impaired Loans: At June 30, 2020, and December 31, 2019, the Company had impaired loans held-for-investment (excluding PCI loans) with outstanding principal balances of $9.2 million and $7.0 million, respectively, which were recorded at their estimated fair value of $6.7 million and $4.9 million, respectively. The Company recorded a net increase in the specific reserve for impaired loans of $177,000 and $226,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2020, and June 30, 2019, respectively. Net charge-offs of $291,000 and $215,000 were recorded for the six months ended June 30, 2020, and June 30, 2019, respectively, utilizing level 3 inputs. For purposes of estimating the fair value of impaired loans, management utilizes independent appraisals, if the loan is collateral dependent, adjusted downward by management, as necessary, for changes in relevant valuation factors subsequent to the appraisal date, or the present value of expected future cash flows for non-collateral dependent loans and troubled debt restructurings.
In addition, the Company may be required, from time to time, to measure the fair value of certain other financial assets on a nonrecurring basis in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The adjustments to fair value usually result from the application of lower-of-cost-or-market accounting or write downs of individual assets.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The FASB ASC Topic for Financial Instruments requires disclosure of the fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities, including those financial assets and financial liabilities that are not measured and reported at fair value on a recurring or non-recurring basis. The methodologies for estimating the fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring or non-recurring basis are discussed above. The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of other financial assets and financial liabilities not already discussed above:
(a) Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents are short-term in nature with original maturities of three months or less; the carrying amount approximates fair value. Certificates of deposit having original terms of six-months or less; the carrying value generally approximates fair value. Certificates of deposit with an original maturity of six months or greater; the fair value is derived from discounted cash flows.
(b) Debt Securities (Held to Maturity)
The estimated fair values for substantially all of our securities are obtained from an independent nationally recognized pricing service. The independent pricing service utilizes market prices of same or similar securities whenever such prices are available. Prices involving distressed sellers are not utilized in determining fair value. Where necessary, the independent third-party pricing service estimates fair value using models employing techniques such as discounted cash flow analysis. The assumptions used in these models typically include assumptions for interest rates, credit losses, and prepayments, utilizing market observable data where available.
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NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)
(c) Investments in Equity Securities at Net Asset Value Per Share
The Company uses net asset value as a practical expedient to record its investment in a private SBA Loan Fund since the shares in the fund are not publicly traded, do not have a readily determinable fair value and the net asset value per share is calculated in a manner consistent with the measurement principles of an investment company.
(d) Federal Home Loan Bank of New York Stock
The fair value for Federal Home Loan Bank of New York (FHLB) stock is its carrying value, since this is the amount for which it could be redeemed and there is no active market for this stock.
(e) Loans (Held-for-Investment)
Fair values are estimated for portfolios of loans with similar financial characteristics. Loans are segregated by type such as originated and purchased, and further segregated by residential mortgage, construction, land, multifamily, commercial and consumer. Each loan category is further segmented into amortizing and non-amortizing and fixed and adjustable rate interest terms and by performing and nonperforming categories. The fair value of loans is estimated using a discounted cash flow analysis. The discount rates used to determine fair value use interest rate spreads that reflect factors such as liquidity, credit, and nonperformance risk of the loans.
(f) Loans (Held-for-Sale)
Held-for-sale loans are carried at the lower of aggregate cost or estimated fair value, less costs to sell, and therefore fair value is equal to carrying value.
(g) Deposits
The fair value of deposits with no stated maturity, such as non-interest bearing demand deposits, savings, NOW and money market accounts, is equal to the amount payable on demand. The fair value of certificates of deposit is based on the discounted value of contractual cash flows. The discount rate is estimated using the rates currently offered for deposits of similar remaining maturities.
(h) Commitments to Extend Credit and Standby Letters of Credit
The fair value of commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit is estimated using the fees currently charged to enter into similar agreements, taking into account the remaining terms of the agreements and the present creditworthiness of the counterparties. For fixed-rate loan commitments, fair value also considers the difference between current levels of interest rates and the committed rates. The fair value of off-balance sheet commitments is insignificant and therefore not included in the following table.
(i) Borrowings
The fair value of borrowed funds is estimated by discounting future cash flows based on rates currently available for debt with similar terms and remaining maturity.
(j) Advance Payments by Borrowers for Taxes and Insurance
Advance payments by borrowers for taxes and insurance have no stated maturity; the fair value is equal to the amount currently payable.
(k) Derivatives
The fair value of the Company's derivatives is determined using discounted cash flow analysis using observable market-based inputs, which are considered Level 2 inputs.
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NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)
The estimated fair value of the Company’s financial instruments at June 30, 2020, and December 31, 2019, is presented in the following tables (in thousands):

| June 30, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  | Estimated Fair Value |  |  |  |  |  |
| Carrying Value |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
Financial assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 110,900 |  |  | $ | 110,900 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 110,900 |
Trading securities | 10,094 |  |  | 10,094 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 10,094 |
Debt securities available-for-sale | 1,037,489 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,037,489 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,037,489 |
Debt securities held-to-maturity | 8,648 |  |  | — |  |  | 9,018 |  |  | — |  |  | 9,018 |
Equity securities (1) | 214 |  |  | 214 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 214 |
Federal Home Loan Bank of New York stock, at cost | 29,462 |  |  | — |  |  | 29,462 |  |  | — |  |  | 29,462 |
Net loans held-for-investment | 3,550,839 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,573,625 |  |  | 3,573,625 |
Derivative assets | 1,633 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,633 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,633 |
Financial liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits | $ | 3,621,658 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,630,542 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,630,542 |
Borrowed funds | 616,271 |  |  | — |  |  | 637,399 |  |  | — |  |  | 637,399 |
Advance payments by borrowers for taxes and insurance | 19,882 |  |  | — |  |  | 19,882 |  |  | — |  |  | 19,882 |
Derivative liabilities | 1,637 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,637 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,637 |

| December 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  | Estimated Fair Value |  |  |  |  |  |
| Carrying Value |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
Financial assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 147,818 |  |  | $ | 147,818 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 147,818 |
Trading securities | 11,222 |  |  | 11,222 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 11,222 |
Debt securities available-for-sale | 1,138,352 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,138,352 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,138,352 |
Debt securities held-to-maturity | 8,762 |  |  | — |  |  | 8,886 |  |  | — |  |  | 8,886 |
Equity securities (1) | 250 |  |  | 250 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 250 |
Federal Home Loan Bank of New York stock, at cost | 39,575 |  |  | — |  |  | 39,575 |  |  | — |  |  | 39,575 |
Net loans held-for-investment | 3,408,378 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,482,804 |  |  | 3,482,804 |
Derivative assets | 79 |  |  | — |  |  | 79 |  |  | — |  |  | 79 |
Financial liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits | $ | 3,408,233 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,412,414 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,412,414 |
Borrowed funds | 857,004 |  |  | — |  |  | 862,980 |  |  | — |  |  | 862,980 |
Advance payments by borrowers for taxes and insurance | 44,069 |  |  | — |  |  | 44,069 |  |  | — |  |  | 44,069 |
Derivative liabilities | 79 |  |  | — |  |  | 79 |  |  | — |  |  | 79 |

(1) Excludes investments measured at net asset value in the amount of $1.1 million and $3.1 million at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, which have not been classified in the fair value hierarchy.
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NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)
Limitations
Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time, based on relevant market information and information about the financial instrument. These estimates do not reflect any premium or discount that could result from offering for sale at one time the Company’s entire holdings of a particular financial instrument. Because no market exists for a significant portion of the Company’s financial instruments, fair value estimates are based on judgments regarding future expected losses, current economic conditions, risk characteristics of various financial instruments, and other factors. These estimates are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment and, therefore, cannot be determined with precision. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect the estimates. Fair value estimates are based on existing on-and off-balance sheet financial instruments without attempting to estimate the value of anticipated future business and the value of assets and liabilities that are not considered financial instruments. In addition, the tax ramifications related to the realization of the unrealized gains and losses can have a significant effect on fair value estimates and have not been considered in the estimates.
Note 9 – Earnings Per Share
Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period. For purposes of calculating basic earnings per share, weighted average common shares outstanding excludes unallocated employee stock ownership plan (“ESOP”) shares that have not been committed for release and unvested restricted stock.
Diluted earnings per share is computed using the same method as basic earnings per share, but reflects the potential dilution that could occur if stock options and unvested shares of restricted stock were exercised and converted into common stock. These potentially dilutive shares would then be included in the weighted average number of shares outstanding for the period using the treasury stock method. When applying the treasury stock method we added the assumed proceeds from option exercises and the average unamortized compensation costs related to unvested shares of restricted stock and stock options. We then divided this sum by our average stock price for the period to calculate assumed shares repurchased. The excess of the number of shares issuable over the number of shares assumed to be repurchased is added to basic weighted average common shares to calculate diluted earnings per share.
The following is a summary of the Company’s earnings per share calculations and reconciliation of basic to diluted earnings per share for the periods indicated (in thousands, except per share data):

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  |  |  | Six Months Ended June 30, |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Net income available to common stockholders | $ | 10,793 |  |  | $ | 8,204 |  |  | $ | 15,344 |  |  | $ | 16,975 |
Weighted average shares outstanding-basic | 46,837,473 |  |  | 46,855,647 |  |  | 46,814,647 |  |  | 46,897,546 |
Effect of non-vested restricted stock and stock options outstanding | 34,017 |  |  | 416,043 |  |  | 112,857 |  |  | 381,650 |
Weighted average shares outstanding-diluted | 46,871,490 |  |  | 47,271,690 |  |  | 46,927,504 |  |  | 47,279,196 |
Earnings per share-basic | $ | 0.23 |  |  | $ | 0.18 |  |  | $ | 0.33 |  |  | $ | 0.36 |
Earnings per share-diluted | $ | 0.23 |  |  | $ | 0.17 |  |  | $ | 0.33 |  |  | $ | 0.36 |
Anti-dilutive shares | 2,316,695 |  |  | 848,844 |  |  | 1,659,262 |  |  | 962,296 |

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NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)
Note 10 – Leases
The Company’s leases primarily relate to real estate property for branches and office space with terms extending from three months up to 35 years. At June 30, 2020, all of the Company's leases are classified as operating leases.
The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating leases are included in operating lease right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. Right-of-use assets represent the right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities are recorded at the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As the Company's leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate in determining the present value of lease payments. Certain leases include options to renew, with one or more renewal terms ranging from five to ten years. As these extension options are not generally considered reasonably certain of renewal, they are not included in the lease term.
At June 30, 2020, the Company’s operating lease right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities included in the consolidated balance sheet were $40.4 million and $44.8 million, respectively. Operating lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term, while variable lease payments are recognized as incurred. Variable lease payments include common area maintenance charges, real estate taxes, repairs and maintenance costs and utilities. Operating and variable lease expenses are recorded in occupancy expense in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income.
Supplemental lease information at or for the six months ended June 30, 2020, and June 30, 2019 is as follows (dollars in thousands):

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  |  |  | Six Months Ended |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Operating lease cost | $ | 1,423 |  |  | $ | 1,551 |  |  | $ | 2,862 |  |  | $ | 3,017 |
Variable lease cost | 956 |  |  | 711 |  |  | 1,500 |  |  | 1,489 |
Net lease cost | $ | 2,379 |  |  | $ | 2,262 |  |  | $ | 4,362 |  |  | $ | 4,506 |
Cash paid for amounts included in measurement of operating lease liabilities | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,513 |  |  | $ | 3,069 |  |  | $ | 2,840 |
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,028 |  |  | $ | 1,013 |
Weighted average remaining lease term |  |  |  |  | 12.63 years |  | 12.95 years
Weighted average discount rate |  |  |  |  | 3.59 | % |  | 3.61 | %

The following table summarizes lease payment obligations for each of the next five years and thereafter in addition to a reconcilement to the Company's current lease liability (in thousands):

Year | Amount
2020 | $ | 3,157 |
2021 | 5,919 |
2022 | 5,311 |
2023 | 5,272 |
2024 | 4,935 |
Thereafter | 33,230 |
Total lease payments | 57,824 |
Less: imputed interest | 13,043 |
Present value of lease liabilities | $ | 44,781 |

As of June 30, 2020, the Company had not entered into any leases that have not yet commenced.
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NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)
Note 11 – Revenue Recognition
The Company records revenue from contracts with customers in accordance with ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“Topic 606”). The standard’s core principle is that a company will recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. Topic 606 does not apply to revenue associated with financial instruments, including revenue from loans and securities, which comprise the majority of the Company’s revenue.
The Company’s revenue streams that are within the scope of Topic 606 include service charges on deposit accounts, ATM and card interchange fees, investment services fees, and other miscellaneous income. Fees and service charges for customer services include: (i) service charges on deposit accounts, including account maintenance fees, overdraft fees, insufficient funds fees, wire fees, and other deposit related fees; (ii) ATM and card interchange fees, which include fees generated when a Bank cardholder uses a non-Bank ATM or a non-Bank cardholder uses a Bank ATM, and fees earned whenever the Bank's debit cards are processed through card payment networks such as Visa; and (iii) investment services fees earned through partnering with a third party investment and brokerage service firm to provide insurance and investment products to customers. The Company's performance obligation for fees and service charges is satisfied and related revenue recognized immediately or in the month of performance of services. Other income primarily includes rental income from subleasing one of the Company's branches to a third party, which is recognized at the time the transaction occurs.
The following table summarizes non-interest income for the periods indicated (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  |  |  | Six Months Ended June 30, |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Fees and service charges for customer services: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Service charges | $ | 356 |  |  | $ | 812 |  |  | $ | 1,109 |  |  | $ | 1,594 |
ATM and card interchange fees | 275 |  |  | 339 |  |  | 579 |  |  | 640 |
Investment fees | 35 |  |  | 56 |  |  | 98 |  |  | 113 |
Total fees and service charges for customer services | 666 |  |  | 1,207 |  |  | 1,786 |  |  | 2,347 |
Income on bank owned life insurance(1) | 865 |  |  | 907 |  |  | 1,741 |  |  | 1,804 |
Gains on available-for-sale debt securities, net(1) | 73 |  |  | 59 |  |  | 60 |  |  | 214 |
Gains (losses) on trading securities, net(1) | 1,626 |  |  | 343 |  |  | (366) |  |  | 1,429 |
Gains on sale of loans(1) | 665 |  | — |  |  | 665 |  |  | — |
Swap income(1) | 308 |  | — |  |  | 384 |  |  | — |
Other | 35 |  |  | 50 |  |  | 76 |  |  | 86 |
Total non-interest income | $ | 4,238 |  |  | $ | 2,566 |  |  | $ | 4,346 |  |  | $ | 5,880 |

(1) Not in scope of Topic 606
Note 12 – Derivatives
The Company has interest rate derivatives resulting from a service provided to certain qualified borrowers in a loan-related transaction and, therefore, are not used to manage interest rate risk in the Company’s assets or liabilities. The interest rate swap agreement which the Company executes with the commercial borrower is collateralized by the borrower’s commercial real estate financed by the Company. The collateral exceeds the maximum potential amount of future payments under the credit derivative. As these interest rate swaps do not meet the hedge accounting requirements, changes in the fair value of both the customer swaps and the offsetting swaps are recognized directly in earnings.
During the fourth quarter of 2019, the Company entered into its first derivative transaction. At June 30, 2020, the Company had four interest rate swaps with a notional amount of $24.8 million, and the fair value of the asset and liability derivative was $1.6 million. At December 31, 2019, the Company had one interest rate swap with a notional amount of $12.0 million, and the fair value of the asset and liability derivative was $79,000. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, the Company recorded net fee income of approximately $308,000 and $384,000, respectively.
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NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)
Note 13 – Recent Accounting Pronouncements Adopted
ASU No. 2018-15. In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-15, “Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That is a Service Contract.” This guidance aligns the accounting for implementation costs related to a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the guidance on capitalizing costs associated with developing or obtaining internal-use software. Specifically, where a cloud computing arrangement includes a license to internal-use software, the software license is accounted for by the customer in accordance with Subtopic 350-40, “Intangibles - Goodwill and Other-Internal-Use Software”. ASU No. 2018-15 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted ASU No. 2018-15 on January 1, 2020, and it did not have an impact on the Company's financial condition or results of operation.
ASU No. 2018-13. In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework-Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement.” This ASU updates the disclosure requirements on Fair Value measurements by 1) removing: the disclosures for transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, the policy for timing of transfers between levels, and the valuation processes for Level 3 fair value measurements; 2) modifying: disclosures for timing of liquidation of an investee’s assets and disclosures for uncertainty in measurement as of reporting date; and 3) adding: disclosures for changes in unrealized gains and losses included in other comprehensive income for recurring level 3 fair value measurements and disclosures for the range and weighted average of the significant unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 fair value measurements. ASU No. 2018-13 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. With the exception of the following, which should be applied prospectively, disclosures relating to changes in unrealized gains and losses, the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 fair value measurements, and the disclosures for uncertainty measurement, all other changes should be applied retrospectively to all periods presented upon the effective date. The Company adopted ASU No. 2018-13 on January 1, 2020, and it did not have an impact on the Company's financial condition or results of operation.
ASU No 2017-04. In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, “Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment.” The ASU eliminates Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test and also eliminates the requirements for any reporting unit with a zero or negative carrying amount to perform a qualitative assessment and, if it fails that qualitative test, to perform Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test. An entity still has the option to perform the qualitative assessment for a reporting unit to determine if the quantitative impairment test is necessary. The ASU is effective for annual or any interim goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company adopted ASU No. 2017-04 on January 1, 2020, and it did not have an impact on the Company's financial condition or results of operation.
During the six months ended June 30, 2020, the Company qualitatively assessed the current economic environment, including the estimated impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on macroeconomic variables and economic forecasts, and on the Company's stock price which has experienced a recent decline in value, and how these might impact the fair value of its reporting unit. After consideration of the items above, the results for the six months ended June 30, 2020, as well as the results of the annual 2019 impairment test which resulted in an excess of reporting unit fair value over book value of approximately 27%, the Company determined that it was more-likely-than-not that the fair value of its reporting unit was above its book value as of June 30, 2020. For additional information regarding the Company's goodwill impairment testing process, see Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.
Note 14 – Subsequent Event
On July 1, 2020, the Company completed its acquisition of VSB Bancorp, Inc. (“Victory”), parent company of Victory State Bank, in a stock transaction. Under the terms of the merger agreement, each share of Victory common stock was exchanged for 2.0463 shares of Northfield common stock with fractional shares paid out in cash. At June 30, 2020, Victory had approximately $403.3 million in total assets, $186.2 million in loans, and $362.5 million in deposits, and operated six branches in Staten Island, New York.
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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
This Quarterly Report contains certain “forward-looking statements,” which can be identified by the use of such words as “estimate,” “project,” “believe,” “intend,” “anticipate,” “plan,” “seek,” “expect,” “annualized,” “could,” “may,” “should,” “will,” and words of similar meaning. These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to:
•statements of our goals, intentions, and expectations;
•statements regarding our business plans, prospects, growth and operating strategies;
•statements regarding the quality of our loan and investment portfolios; and
•estimates of our risks and future costs and benefits.
These forward-looking statements are based on the current beliefs and expectations of our management and are inherently subject to significant business, economic and competitive uncertainties and contingencies, many of which are beyond our control. In addition, these forward-looking statements are subject to assumptions with respect to future business strategies and decisions that are subject to change.
The following factors, among others, could cause actual results to differ materially from the anticipated results or other expectations expressed in the forward-looking statements:
•the disruption to local, regional, national and global economic activity caused by infectious disease outbreaks, including the recent outbreak of COVID-19, and the significant impact that such outbreak has had and may have on our growth, operations, earnings and asset quality;
•general economic conditions, either nationally or in our market areas, including employment prospects, real estate values and conditions, that are worse than expected;
•competition among depository and other financial institutions;
•inflation and changes in the interest rate environment that reduce our margins and yields or reduce the fair value of financial instruments;
•adverse changes in the securities or credit markets;
•changes in laws, tax policies, or government regulations or policies affecting financial institutions, including changes in regulatory fees and capital requirements;
•our ability to enter new markets successfully and capitalize on growth opportunities;
•our ability to access cost-effective funding;
•our ability to successfully integrate acquired entities, including our proposed acquisition of VSB Bancorp, Inc.;
•changes in consumer demand, spending, borrowing and savings habits;
•changes in accounting policies and practices, as may be adopted by the bank regulatory agencies, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board;
•cyber attacks, computer viruses and other technological risks that may breach the security of our websites or other systems to obtain unauthorized access to confidential information and destroy data or disable our systems;
•technological changes that may be more difficult or expensive than expected;
•changes in our organization, compensation, and benefit plans;
•our ability to retain key employees;
•changes in the level of government support for housing finance;
•changes in monetary or fiscal policies of the U.S. Government, including policies of the U.S. Treasury and the FRB;
•the ability of third-party providers to perform their obligations to us;
•the ability of the U.S. Government to manage federal debt limits;
•the effects of any U.S. Government shutdowns;
•significant increases in our loan losses, including increases that may result from the new authoritative accounting guidance (known as CECL) model which may increase the required level of our allowance for loan losses after adoption; and
•changes in the financial condition, results of operations, or future prospects of issuers of securities that we own.
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Given the ongoing and dynamic nature of current economic circumstances, it is difficult to predict the full impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on our business. The extent of such impact will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain, including when the coronavirus can be controlled and abated and when and how the economy may be reopened (i.e. stay-at-home orders are lifted). As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and the related adverse local and national economic consequences, we could be subject to any of the following risks, any of which could have a material, adverse effect on our business, financial condition, liquidity, and results of operations:
•demand for our products and services may decline, making it difficult to execute on our strategic initiatives related to growing assets and earnings;
•if the economy is unable to substantially reopen, and high levels of unemployment continue for an extended period of time, loan delinquencies, problem assets, and foreclosures may increase, resulting in increased charge-offs and reduced income;
•a worsening of business and economic conditions or a further downturn in the financial markets could result in an impairment of certain intangible assets, such as goodwill or our servicing assets;
•litigation, regulatory enforcement risk and reputation risk regarding our participation in the PPP and the risk that the SBA may not fund some or all PPP loan guaranties;
•disruptions in the businesses or the unavailability of the services of third parties we use in our operations such as property appraisers, loan servicers, providers of electronic payment and settlement systems, and local and federal government agencies and courthouses, could negatively affect our operations;
•collateral for loans, especially real estate, may decline in value, which could cause loan losses to increase;
•our allowance for loan losses may have to be increased if borrowers experience financial difficulties beyond forbearance periods, which will adversely affect our net income;
•the net worth and liquidity of loan guarantors may decline, impairing their ability to honor commitments to us;
•as the result of the decline in the FRB's target federal funds rate, the yield on our assets may decline to a greater extent than the decline in our cost of interest-bearing liabilities, reducing our net interest margin and spread and reducing net income;
•a material decrease in net income or a net loss over several quarters could result in a decrease or elimination of our quarterly cash dividend;
•potential goodwill impairment charges if acquired assets and operations are adversely affected and remain at reduced levels;
•our cyber security risks are increased as the result of an increase in the number of employees working remotely;
•Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) premiums may increase if the agency experience additional resolution costs;
•Internal controls as designed may not prove effective, to the extent procedures are modified as a result of remote work locations; and
•the unanticipated loss or unavailability of key employees due to the outbreak, which could harm our ability to operate our business or execute our business strategy, especially as we may not be successful in finding and integrating suitable successors.
Because of these and other uncertainties, our actual future results may be materially different from the results indicated by these forward-looking statements. Accordingly, you should not place undue reliance on such statements. Except as required by law, we disclaim any intention or obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements after the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
Critical Accounting Policies
Note 1 to the Company’s Audited Consolidated Financial Statements for the year ended December 31, 2019, included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, as supplemented by this report, contains a summary of significant accounting policies. Various elements of these accounting policies, by their nature, are inherently subject to estimation techniques, valuation assumptions and other subjective assessments. Certain assets are carried in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at estimated fair value or the lower of cost or estimated fair value. Policies with respect to the methodologies used to determine the allowance for loan losses, estimated cash flows of our purchased credit-impaired (“PCI”) loans, and judgments regarding the valuation allowance against deferred tax assets are the most critical accounting policies because they are important to the presentation of the Company’s financial condition and results of operations, involve a higher degree of complexity, and require management to make subjective judgments which often require assumptions or estimates about highly uncertain matters. The use of different judgments, assumptions, and estimates could result in material differences in the results of operations or financial condition. These critical accounting policies and their application are reviewed periodically and, at least annually, with the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors. For a further discussion of the critical accounting policies of the Company, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in the Company’s Annual Report
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on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.
Overview
This overview highlights selected information and may not contain all the information that is important to you in understanding our performance during the period. For a more complete understanding of trends, events, commitments, uncertainties, liquidity, capital resources, and critical accounting estimates, you should read this entire document carefully, as well as our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.
Net income was $15.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020, as compared to $17.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019. Basic and diluted earnings per common share were $0.33 for the six months ended June 30, 2020, compared to basic and diluted earnings per common share of $0.36 for the six months ended June 30, 2019. For the six months ended June 30, 2020, our return on average assets was 0.61%, as compared to 0.75% for the six months ended June 30, 2019. For the six months ended June 30, 2020, our return on average stockholders’ equity was 4.37% as compared to 5.06% for the six months ended June 30, 2019. The most significant impact on our results of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2020, was the increase in our provision for loan losses. The provision for loan losses increased by $9.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020, compared to $550,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2019. The increase in the provision for loan losses was primarily due to increases in qualitative factors used in determining the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses related to unemployment and loan risk rating changes related to loan modification requests, and to a lesser extent delinquencies, resulting from economic uncertainty attributable to the COVID-19 pandemic. Earnings for the six months ended June 30, 2020, included a gain on sale of loans of $665,000, a reduction in loan loss provisions of $618,000 related to the sale of loans in the quarter ended June 30, 2020, and merger-related expenses of $384,000.
Assets decreased by $13.7 million, or 0.3%, to $5.04 billion at June 30, 2020, from $5.06 billion at December 31, 2019. Liabilities decreased $30.5 million, or 0.7%, to $4.33 billion at June 30, 2020, from $4.36 billion at December 31, 2019.
Comparison of Financial Condition at June 30, 2020, and December 31, 2019
Total assets decreased $13.7 million, or 0.3%, to $5.04 billion at June 30, 2020, from $5.06 billion at December 31, 2019. The decrease was primarily due to decreases in available-for sale debt securities of $100.9 million, or 8.9%, cash and cash equivalents of $36.9 million, or 25.0%, Federal Home Loan Bank of New York (“FHLBNY”) stock of $10.1 million, or 25.6%, other assets of $5.7 million, and an increase in the allowance for loan losses of $9.8 million, or 34.2%. Partially offsetting these decreases, was an increase in loans held-for-investment, net (prior to the allowance for loan losses), of $152.3 million, or 4.4%.
The Company’s available-for-sale debt securities portfolio decreased by $100.9 million, or 8.9%, to $1.04 billion at June 30, 2020, from $1.14 billion at December 31, 2019. The decrease was primarily attributable to paydowns, maturities and calls, partially offset by purchases. At June 30, 2020, $943.2 million of the portfolio consisted of residential mortgage-backed securities issued or guaranteed by Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, or Ginnie Mae. In addition, the Company held $94.0 million in corporate bonds, all of which were considered investment grade at June 30, 2020, and $254,000 in municipal bonds. The effective duration of the securities portfolio at June 30, 2020 was 1.39 years.
As of June 30, 2020, we estimate that our non-owner occupied commercial real estate concentration (as defined by applicable regulatory guidance) to total risk-based capital was approximately 458%. Management believes that Northfield Bank (the “Bank”) has implemented appropriate risk management practices including risk assessments, board-approved underwriting policies and related procedures which include monitoring Bank portfolio performance, performing market analysis (economic and real estate), and stressing of the Bank’s commercial real estate portfolio under severe, adverse economic conditions. Although management believes the Bank has implemented appropriate policies and procedures to manage our commercial real estate concentration risk, the Bank’s regulators could require us to implement additional policies and procedures or could require us to maintain higher levels of regulatory capital, which might adversely affect our loan originations, ability to pay dividends, and profitability.
Loans held-for-investment, net, increased $152.3 million to $3.59 billion at June 30, 2020, from $3.44 billion at December 31, 2019, primarily due to an increase in originated loans held-for-investment of $226.6 million, partially offset by decreases in acquired loans of $71.8 million. Originated loans held-for-investment, net, totaled $3.21 billion at June 30, 2020, as compared to $2.99 billion at December 31, 2019. The increase was primarily due to an increase in PPP loans of $105.7 million, and an increase in multifamily real estate loans of $104.4 million, or 4.8%, to $2.30 billion at June 30, 2020, from $2.20 billion at December 31, 2019. The PPP loans are administered by the SBA, which provides 100% federally guaranteed loans for small businesses to cover payroll, utilities, rent and interest. These small business loans may be forgiven if
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borrowers maintain their payrolls and satisfy certain other conditions for a period of time during the COVID-19 pandemic. During the three months ended June 30, 2020, the Company originated over 900 PPP loans, totaling approximately $109.2 million, and benefiting small businesses with over 13,000 employees. PPP provides for lender processing fees that range from 1% to 5% of the final disbursement made to individual borrowers. Based on the Company’s approved disbursements as of June 30, 2020, we estimate our loan processing fees would be approximately $4.0 million, which will be recognized in income in future periods over the life of the loans.
On June 14, 2019, the New York State legislature passed the Housing Stability and Tenant Protection Act of 2019, impacting about one million rent-regulated apartment units. Among other things, the legislation: (i) curtails rent increases from Material Capital Improvements and Individual Apartment Improvements; (ii) all but eliminates the ability for apartments to exit rent regulation; (iii) does away with vacancy decontrol and high-income deregulation; and (iv) repealed the 20% vacancy bonus. At June 30, 2020, the Company has approximately $423.1 million in multifamily loans in New York City with tenants that have some form of rent stabilization or rent control. The weighted average loan to value (“LTV”) was 44.2% based on the current balance and the collateral value at date of origination on this portfolio. The highest LTV in this portfolio is 72.9%. While it is too early to measure the full impact of the legislation, it generally limits a landlord’s ability to increase rents on rent-regulated apartments and makes it more difficult to convert rent-regulated apartments to market rate apartments. As a result, the value of the collateral located in New York State securing the Company’s multifamily loans or the future net operating income of such properties could potentially become impaired. Management will continue to evaluate the effect of rent regulations on the collateral values.
The following tables detail our multifamily real estate originations for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 (in thousands):

For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Multifamily Originations |  | Weighted Average Interest Rate |  | Weighted Average LTV Ratio |  | Weighted Average Months to Next Rate Change or Maturity for Fixed Rate Loans |  | (F)ixed or (V)ariable |  | Amortization Term
$ | 258,084 |  |  | 3.66% |  | 60% |  | 92 |  | V |  | 30 Years
1,500 |  |  | 4.40% |  | 47% |  | 180 |  | F |  | 15 Years
$ | 259,584 |  |  | 3.66% |  | 60% |  |  |  |  |  |
For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Multifamily Originations |  | Weighted Average Interest Rate |  | Weighted Average LTV Ratio |  | Weighted Average Months to Next Rate Change or Maturity for Fixed Rate Loans |  | (F)ixed or (V)ariable |  | Amortization Term
$ | 161,117 |  |  | 4.27% |  | 56% |  | 74 |  | V |  | 10 to 30 Years
28,838 |  |  | 4.43 |  | 60 |  | 267 |  | F |  | 15 to 30 Years
$ | 189,955 |  |  | 4.29% |  | 57% |  |  |  |  |  |

Acquired loans decreased by $71.8 million to $360.9 million at June 30, 2020, from $432.7 million at December 31, 2019, primarily due to paydowns of one-to-four family residential loans and commercial real estate loans.
Purchased credit-impaired (“PCI”) loans totaled $14.8 million at June 30, 2020, as compared to $17.4 million at December 31, 2019. The majority of the PCI loan balance consists of loans acquired as part of a Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation-assisted transaction. The Company accreted interest income of $717,000 and $1.5 million attributable to PCI loans for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively, as compared to $1.0 million and $2.1 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively.
Cash and cash equivalents decreased by $36.9 million, or 25.0%, to $110.9 million at June 30, 2020, from $147.8 million at December 31, 2019, primarily due to a decrease in cash balances held at the Federal Reserve Bank. Balances fluctuate based on the timing of receipt of security and loan repayments and the redeployment of cash into higher-yielding assets such as loans and securities, or the funding of deposit outflows or borrowing maturities.
FHLBNY stock decreased by $10.1 million, or 25.6%, to $29.5 million at June 30, 2020, from $39.6 million at December 31, 2019. The decrease in FHLBNY stock directly correlates with lower short-term borrowings balances at June 30, 2020, as compared to December 31, 2019.
Total liabilities decreased $30.5 million, or 0.7%, to $4.33 billion at June 30, 2020, from $4.36 billion at December 31, 2019. The decrease was primarily attributable to a decrease in other borrowings of $240.7 million, partially offset by an
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increase in deposits of $213.4 million.
Deposits increased $213.4 million, or 6.3%, to $3.62 billion at June 30, 2020, as compared to $3.41 billion at December 31, 2019. The increase in deposits is related to the excess liquidity in the market created by the PPP and customer behavior changes related to the COVID-19 pandemic. The increase was attributable to increases of $242.1 million in transaction accounts and $101.6 million in savings accounts, partially offset by decreases of $16.2 million in money market accounts and $114.1 million in certificates of deposit.
Borrowings and securities sold under agreements to repurchase decreased to $616.3 million at June 30, 2020, from $857.0 million at December 31, 2019. Management utilizes borrowings to mitigate interest rate risk, for short-term liquidity, and to a lesser extent as part of leverage strategies.
The following is a table of term borrowing maturities (excluding overnight borrowings and floating rate advances) and the weighted average rate by year at June 30, 2020 (in thousands):

Year |  | Amount |  | Weighted Average Rate
2020 |  | $25,000 |  | 1.95%
2021 |  | 170,000 |  | 1.98%
2022 |  | 120,000 |  | 2.29%
2023 |  | 87,500 |  | 2.89%
2024 |  | 50,000 |  | 2.47%
Thereafter |  | 157,500 |  | 1.47%
|  | $610,000 |  | 2.08%

Total stockholders’ equity increased by $16.7 million to $712.6 million at June 30, 2020, from $695.9 million at December 31, 2019. The increase was primarily attributable to a $10.0 million increase in accumulated other comprehensive income associated with unrealized gains on our debt securities available-for-sale portfolio, net income of $15.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020, and a $1.7 million increase in equity award activity. The increase was partially offset by $10.3 million in dividend payments.
Comparison of Operating Results for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2020 and 2019
Net income was $15.3 million and $17.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and June 30, 2019, respectively. Significant variances from the comparable prior year period are as follows: a $5.7 million increase in net interest income, a $9.6 million increase in the provision for loan losses, a $1.5 million decrease in non-interest income, a $4.4 million decrease in non-interest expense, and a $634,000 increase in income tax expense.
Interest Income. Interest income increased $4.0 million, or 5.0%, to $83.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020, from $79.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019, due to an increase in the average balance of interest-earning assets of $498.3 million, or 11.7%, partially offset by a 24 basis point decrease in the yields earned. Interest income on loans increased by $4.8 million, primarily attributable to an increase in the average loan balances of $290.0 million, partially offset by a decrease in yields earned of seven basis points. The decrease in earning asset yields was due to decreases in market interest rates coupled with PPP loan originations which have lower yields than other loans. The Company accreted interest income related to its PCI loans of $1.5 million and $2.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and June 30, 2019, respectively. Interest income for the six months ended June 30, 2020, included loan prepayment income of $992,000 as compared to $594,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2019. Interest income includes interest accrued on loans in deferment due to COVID-19.
Interest Expense. Interest expense decreased $1.7 million, or 6.7%, to $23.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020, as compared to $25.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019. The decrease was due to a decrease in interest expense on deposits of $4.0 million, or 19.4%, partially offset by an increase in interest expense on borrowings of $2.4 million, or 53.8%. The decrease in interest expense on deposits was attributable to a 35 basis point decrease in the cost of interest-bearing deposits to 1.07% for the six months ended June 30, 2020, partially offset by a $191.7 million, or 6.5%, increase in the average balance of interest-bearing deposit accounts. The decrease in the cost of interest-bearing deposits is primarily due to the Federal Reserve's reductions in the targeted federal funds rate. The increase in interest expense on borrowings was attributable to a $237.8 million, or 54.1%, increase in average borrowings, partially offset by a one basis point decrease in the cost of borrowings to 2.00% for the six months ended June 30, 2020.
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Net Interest Income. Net interest income for the six months ended June 30, 2020, increased $5.7 million, or 10.4%, to $60.2 million, from $54.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019, primarily due to a $498.3 million, or 11.7%, increase in our average interest-earning assets, partially offset by a four basis point decrease in our net interest margin to 2.55% from 2.59% for the six months ended June 30, 2019. The increase in our average interest-earning assets was due to increases in average loans outstanding of $290.0 million, average mortgage-backed securities of $262.7 million, average interest-earning deposits in financial institutions of $33.1 million, and average FHLBNY stock of $7.0 million, partially offset by decreases in average other securities of $94.6 million. The decrease in net interest margin was due to lower yields on interest-earning assets which decreased 24 basis points to 3.55% for the six months ended June 30, 2020, from 3.79% for the six months ended June 30, 2019, partially offset by a 26 basis point decrease in the cost of our interest-bearing liabilities to 1.24% for the six months ended June 30, 2020, from 1.50% for the six months ended June 30, 2019, due to the lower interest rate environment.
Provision for Loan Losses. The provision for loan losses increased by $9.6 million to $10.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020, compared to $550,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2019. The increase in the provision for loan losses was primarily due to increases in the qualitative factors used in determining the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses related to unemployment and loan risk rating changes related to loan modification requests, and to a lesser extent delinquencies, resulting from economic uncertainty attributable to the COVID-19 pandemic. Year-over-year loan growth also contributed to the increase in the provision. Net charge-offs were $291,000 and $215,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2020, and June 30, 2019, respectively.
Non-interest Income. Non-interest income decreased $1.5 million, or 26.1%, to $4.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020, from $5.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019, primarily due to decreases of $561,000 in fees and service charges for customer services and $1.8 million in gains on trading securities, net, partially offset by a $665,000 gain on the sale of a $47.5 million portfolio of multifamily loans, and an increase in other income of $373,000. The decrease in fees and service charges for customer services was primarily due to a decline in overdraft charges, attributable to fees waived due to the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as a decline in overdrafts due to lower consumer spending. For the six months ended June 30, 2020, losses on trading securities were $366,000 as compared to gains of $1.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019. The trading portfolio is utilized to fund the Company’s deferred compensation obligation to certain employees and directors of the Company's deferred compensation plan (the “Plan”). The participants of this Plan, at their election, defer a portion of their compensation. Gains and losses on trading securities have no effect on net income since participants benefit from, and bear the full risk of, changes in the trading securities market values. Therefore, the Company records an equal and offsetting amount in compensation expense, reflecting the change in the Company’s obligations under the Plan. The increase in other income was primarily attributable to an increase in swap fee income.
Non-interest Expense. Non-interest expense decreased $4.4 million, or 11.6%, to $33.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020, compared to $38.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019. This was due primarily to: (i) a $3.1 million decrease in employee compensation and benefits, $1.8 million of which is related to the Company's deferred compensation plan, which is described above and has no effect on net income, coupled with a $1.1 million decrease in equity award expense related to equity awards that fully vested in June 2019; (ii) a $324,000 decrease in occupancy expense primarily due to lower rent and leasehold amortization expense related to the closing of three branches effective December 31, 2019; (iii) a $934,000 decrease in advertising expense, primarily due to fewer marketing campaigns in 2020; (iv) a $316,000 decrease in FDIC insurance premiums due to a reduction in our deposit insurance assessment as a result of the utilization of credits received. The credits were provided by the FDIC to banks with total consolidated assets of less than $10.0 billion for the portion of their assessments that contributed to the growth in the FDIC’s reserve ratio; and (v) an $845,000 decrease in other non-interest expense, largely related to a decrease in directors' equity award expense associated with awards that fully vested in June 2019. Partially offsetting the decreases was an increase in professional fees of $596,000, primarily merger-related costs associated with our recent acquisition of Victory, which closed on July 1, 2020, and an increase of $372,000 in data processing costs.
Income Tax Expense. The Company recorded income tax expense of $5.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020, compared to $4.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019. The effective tax rate for the six months ended June 30, 2020, was 26.5% compared to 22.4% for the six months ended June 30, 2019. The higher effective tax rate for the six months ended June 30, 2020, was primarily attributable to lower excess tax benefits and non-deductible merger-related expenses. Non-deductible merger-related expenses were $384,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2020, as compared to $0 for the same period in 2019. There were no excess tax benefits for the six months ended June 30, 2020, as compared to excess tax benefits of $286,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2019.
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The following table sets forth average balances, average yields and costs, and certain other information for the periods indicated.

| ANALYSIS OF NET INTEREST INCOME (Dollars in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| For the Six Months Ended |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| June 30, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  | June 30, 2019 |  |  |  |
| Average Outstanding Balance |  | Interest |  | Average Yield/ Rate (1) |  | Average Outstanding Balance |  | Interest |  | Average Yield/ Rate (1)
Interest-earning assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans (2) | $ | 3,529,569 |  |  | $ | 70,680 |  |  | 4.03 | % |  | $ | 3,239,530 |  |  | $ | 65,898 |  |  | 4.10 | %
Mortgage-backed securities (3) | 934,114 |  |  | 9,926 |  |  | 2.14 |  |  | 671,395 |  |  | 8,673 |  |  | 2.60 |
Other securities (3) | 142,446 |  |  | 1,801 |  |  | 2.54 |  |  | 237,037 |  |  | 3,564 |  |  | 3.03 |
Federal Home Loan Bank of New York stock | 30,371 |  |  | 1,033 |  |  | 6.84 |  |  | 23,357 |  |  | 742 |  |  | 6.41 |
Interest-earning deposits in financial institutions | 103,673 |  |  | 203 |  |  | 0.39 |  |  | 70,591 |  |  | 782 |  |  | 2.23 |
Total interest-earning assets | 4,740,173 |  |  | 83,643 |  |  | 3.55 |  |  | 4,241,910 |  |  | 79,659 |  |  | 3.79 |
Non-interest-earning assets | 295,218 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 292,301 |  |  |  |  |
Total assets | $ | 5,035,391 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 4,534,211 |  |  |  |  |
Interest-bearing liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Savings, NOW, and money market accounts | $ | 2,067,140 |  |  | $ | 6,967 |  |  | 0.68 | % |  | $ | 1,888,401 |  |  | $ | 10,171 |  |  | 1.09 | %
Certificates of deposit | 1,068,660 |  |  | 9,785 |  |  | 1.84 |  |  | 1,055,701 |  |  | 10,625 |  |  | 2.03 |
Total interest-bearing deposits | 3,135,800 |  |  | 16,752 |  |  | 1.07 |  |  | 2,944,102 |  |  | 20,796 |  |  | 1.42 |
Borrowed funds | 677,293 |  |  | 6,728 |  |  | 2.00 |  |  | 439,505 |  |  | 4,374 |  |  | 2.01 |
Total interest-bearing liabilities | $ | 3,813,093 |  |  | 23,480 |  |  | 1.24 |  |  | $ | 3,383,607 |  |  | 25,170 |  |  | 1.50 |
Non-interest bearing deposits | 423,563 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 382,748 |  |  |  |  |
Accrued expenses and other liabilities | 92,543 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 91,603 |  |  |  |  |
Total liabilities | 4,329,199 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3,857,958 |  |  |  |  |
Stockholders' equity | 706,192 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 676,253 |  |  |  |  |
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity | $ | 5,035,391 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 4,534,211 |  |  |  |  |
Net interest income |  |  | $ | 60,163 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 54,489 |  |  |
Net interest rate spread (4) |  |  |  |  | 2.31 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 2.29 | %
Net interest-earning assets (5) | $ | 927,080 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 858,303 |  |  |  |  |
Net interest margin (6) |  |  |  |  | 2.55 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 2.59 | %
Average interest-earning assets to interest-bearing liabilities |  |  |  |  | 124.31 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 125.37 | %

(1) | Average yields and rates are annualized. |
(2) | Includes non-accruing loans. |
(3) | Securities available-for-sale are reported at amortized cost. |
(4) | Net interest rate spread represents the difference between the weighted average yield on interest-earning assets and the weighted average cost of interest-bearing liabilities. |
(5) | Net interest-earning assets represent total interest-earning assets less total interest-bearing liabilities. |
(6) | Net interest margin represents net interest income divided by average total interest-earning assets. |

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Comparison of Operating Results for the Three Months Ended June 30, 2020 and 2019
Net Income. Net income was $10.8 million and $8.2 million for the quarters ended June 30, 2020, and June 30, 2019, respectively. Significant variances from the comparable prior year quarter are as follows: a $3.1 million increase in net interest income, a $1.4 million increase in the provision for loan losses, a $1.7 million increase in non-interest income, an $895,000 decrease in non-interest expense, and a $1.6 million increase in income tax expense.
Interest Income. Interest income increased $718,000, or 1.8%, to $40.9 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2020, from $40.2 million for the quarter June 30, 2019, due to an increase in the average balance of interest-earning assets of $519.7 million, or 12.2%, partially offset by a 34 basis point decrease in the yields earned. Interest income on loans increased by $2.0 million, primarily attributable to an increase in the average loan balances of $327.2 million, partially offset by a 14 basis point decrease in the yield earned. Interest income on securities decreased by $1.2 million, primarily attributable to a 72 basis point decrease in yields earned, partially offset by an increase in the average securities balances of $99.7 million. The decrease in earning asset yields was due to decreases in market interest rates coupled with PPP loan originations which have lower yields than other loans. The Company accreted interest income related to its PCI loans of $717,000 for the quarter ended June 30, 2020, as compared to $1.0 million, for the quarter ended June 30, 2019. Interest income on loans for the quarter ended June 30, 2020, included loan prepayment income of $365,000, as compared to $174,000 for the quarter ended June 30, 2019. Interest income includes interest accrued on loans in deferment due to COVID-19.
Interest Expense. Interest expense decreased $2.4 million, or 18.1%, to $10.7 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2020, from $13.0 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2019. The decrease was due to a decrease in interest expense on deposits of $3.1 million, or 29.2%, partially offset by an increase in interest expense on borrowings of $723,000, or 29.1%. The decrease in interest expense on deposits was attributable to a 49 basis point decrease in the cost of interest-bearing deposits to 0.95% for the quarter ended June 30, 2020, partially offset by a $226.6 million, or 7.7%, increase in the average balance of interest-bearing deposit accounts. The increase in borrowings was attributable to a $188.0 million, or 38.6%, increase in average borrowings, partially offset by a 14 basis point decrease in the cost of borrowings to 1.91% for the quarter ended June 30, 2020. The decreases are reflective of the lower interest rate environment attributable to the Federal Reserve's reductions in the targeted federal funds rate.
Net Interest Income. Net interest income for the quarter ended June 30, 2020, increased $3.1 million, or 11.3%, primarily due to a $519.7 million, or 12.2%, increase in our average interest-earning assets, partially offset by a two basis point decrease in our net interest margin to 2.53% from 2.55% for the quarter ended June 30, 2019. The increase in average interest-earning assets was due to increases in average loans outstanding of $327.2 million, average mortgage-backed securities of $198.3 million, average FHLBNY stock of $4.5 million, and average interest-earning deposits in financial institutions of $88.2 million, partially offset by a decrease of $98.6 million in average other securities. The decrease in net interest margin was primarily due to lower yields on interest-earning assets which decreased by 34 basis points to 3.43% for the quarter ended June 30, 2020, from 3.77% for the quarter ended June 30, 2019, partially offset by a decrease in the cost of our interest-bearing liabilities, which decreased 41 basis points to 1.12% for the quarter ended June 30, 2020, from 1.53% for the quarter ended June 30, 2019, reflective of the lower interest rate environment.
Provision for Loan Losses. The provision for loan losses increased by $1.4 million to $1.9 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2020, from a provision of $491,000 for the quarter ended June 30, 2019. The increase in the provision for loan losses was primarily due to increases in the qualitative factors used in determining the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses related to unemployment and loan risk rating changes related to loan modification requests, and to a lesser extent delinquencies, resulting from economic uncertainty attributable to the COVID-19 pandemic. Year-over-year loan growth also contributed to the increase in the provision. Net charge-offs were $201,000 for the quarter ended June 30, 2020, compared to net charge-offs of $145,000 for the quarter ended June 30, 2019.
Non-interest Income. Non-interest income increased $1.7 million, or 65.2%, to $4.2 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2020, from $2.6 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2019, primarily due to an increase of $1.3 million in gains on trading securities, net, a $665,000 gain on the sale of a $47.5 million portfolio of multifamily loans, and a $293,000 increase in other income, partially offset by a $541,000 decrease in fees and service charges for customer services. For the quarter ended June 30, 2020, gains on trading securities, net, included gains of $1.6 million related to the Company’s trading portfolio, compared to gains of $343,000 in the comparative prior year quarter. As previously noted, the trading portfolio is utilized to fund the Company’s deferred compensation obligation to certain employees and directors of the Company's deferred compensation plan, and gains and losses on trading securities have no effect on net income since participants benefit from, and bear the full risk of, changes in the trading securities market values. The increase in other income was primarily attributable to an increase in swap fee income. The decrease in fees and service charges for customer services was primarily due to a decline in
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overdraft charges, attributable to fees waived due to the COVID-19 pandemic as well as a decline in overdrafts due to lower consumer spending.
Non-interest Expense. Non-interest expense decreased by $895,000, or 4.8%, to $17.9 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2020, from $18.8 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2019. The decrease was due primarily to decreases of $988,000 in advertising costs, primarily due to fewer marketing campaigns in 2020, and $866,000 in other non-interest expense, attributable to a decrease in reserves for commitments and a decrease in directors' equity award expense associated with awards that fully vested in June 2019. Partially offsetting the decreases were increases in compensation and employee benefits of $607,000, data processing fees of $175,000, and professional fees of $234,000.
Income Tax Expense. The Company recorded income tax expense of $3.9 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2020, compared to $2.3 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2019. The effective tax rate for the quarter ended June 30, 2020, was 26.5% compared to 21.7% for the quarter ended June 30, 2019. The higher rate was due primarily to lower excess tax benefits and non-deductible merger-related expenses. Non-deductible merger-related expenses were $205,000 for the quarter ended June 30, 2020, as compared to $0 for the comparable prior year quarter. There were no excess tax benefits for the quarter ended June 30, 2020, as compared to excess tax benefits of $193,000 for the quarter ended June 30, 2019.
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The following table sets forth average balances, average yields and costs, and certain other information for the periods indicated.

| ANALYSIS OF NET INTEREST INCOME (Dollars in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| For the Three Months Ended |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| June 30, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  | June 30, 2019 |  |  |  |
| Average Outstanding Balance |  | Interest |  | Average Yield/ Rate (1) |  | Average Outstanding Balance |  | Interest |  | Average Yield/ Rate (1)
Interest-earning assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans (2) | $ | 3,587,772 |  |  | $ | 35,343 |  |  | 3.96 | % |  | $ | 3,260,550 |  |  | $ | 33,308 |  |  | 4.10 | %
Mortgage-backed securities (3) | 913,203 |  |  | 4,304 |  |  | 1.90 |  |  | 714,930 |  |  | 4,599 |  |  | 2.58 |
Other securities (3) | 128,818 |  |  | 777 |  |  | 2.43 |  |  | 227,379 |  |  | 1,699 |  |  | 3.00 |
Federal Home Loan Bank of New York stock | 29,478 |  |  | 456 |  |  | 6.22 |  |  | 24,966 |  |  | 340 |  |  | 5.46 |
Interest-earning deposits in financial institutions | 137,120 |  |  | 31 |  |  | 0.09 |  |  | 48,885 |  |  | 247 |  |  | 2.03 |
Total interest-earning assets | 4,796,391 |  |  | 40,911 |  |  | 3.43 |  |  | 4,276,710 |  |  | 40,193 |  |  | 3.77 |
Non-interest-earning assets | 300,511 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 298,223 |  |  |  |  |
Total assets | $ | 5,096,902 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 4,574,933 |  |  |  |  |
Interest-bearing liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Savings, NOW, and money market accounts | $ | 2,132,213 |  |  | $ | 2,894 |  |  | 0.55 | % |  | $ | 1,918,810 |  |  | $ | 5,377 |  |  | 1.12 | %
Certificates of deposit | 1,023,276 |  |  | 4,579 |  |  | 1.80 |  |  | 1,010,045 |  |  | 5,172 |  |  | 2.05 |
Total interest-bearing deposits | 3,155,489 |  |  | 7,473 |  |  | 0.95 |  |  | 2,928,855 |  |  | 10,549 |  |  | 1.44 |
Borrowed funds | 675,109 |  |  | 3,208 |  |  | 1.91 |  |  | 487,115 |  |  | 2,485 |  |  | 2.05 |
Total interest-bearing liabilities | 3,830,598 |  |  | 10,681 |  |  | 1.12 |  |  | 3,415,970 |  |  | 13,034 |  |  | 1.53 |
Non-interest bearing deposits | 465,082 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 385,820 |  |  |  |  |
Accrued expenses and other liabilities | 91,957 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 93,176 |  |  |  |  |
Total liabilities | 4,387,637 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3,894,966 |  |  |  |  |
Stockholders' equity | 709,265 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 679,967 |  |  |  |  |
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity | $ | 5,096,902 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 4,574,933 |  |  |  |  |
Net interest income |  |  | $ | 30,230 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 27,159 |  |  |
Net interest rate spread (4) |  |  |  |  | 2.31 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 2.24 | %
Net interest-earning assets (5) | $ | 965,793 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 860,740 |  |  |  |  |
Net interest margin (6) |  |  |  |  | 2.53 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 2.55 | %
Average interest-earning assets to interest-bearing liabilities |  |  |  |  | 125.21 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 125.20 | %

(1) | Average yields and rates are annualized. |
(2) | Includes non-accruing loans. |
(3) | Securities available-for-sale are reported at amortized cost. |
(4) | Net interest rate spread represents the difference between the weighted average yield on interest-earning assets and the weighted average cost of interest-bearing liabilities. |
(5) | Net interest-earning assets represent total interest-earning assets less total interest-bearing liabilities. |
(6) | Net interest margin represents net interest income divided by average total interest-earning assets. |

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Asset Quality
Purchased Credit Impaired Loans
PCI loans are recorded at estimated fair value using discounted expected future cash flows deemed to be collectible on the date acquired. Based on its detailed review of PCI loans and experience in loan workouts, management believes it has a reasonable expectation about the amount and timing of future cash flows and accordingly has classified PCI loans ($14.8 million at June 30, 2020 and $17.4 million at December 31, 2019) as accruing, even though they may be contractually past due. At June 30, 2020, 18.1% of PCI loans were past due 30 to 89 days, and 26.1% were past due 90 days or more, as compared to 20.9% and 24.3%, respectively, at December 31, 2019.
Originated and Acquired loans
The following table details total originated and acquired (including held-for-sale, but excluding PCI) non-accruing loans, non-performing loans, non-performing assets, troubled debt restructurings (TDRs) on which interest is accruing, and accruing loans 30 to 89 days delinquent at June 30, 2020, and December 31, 2019 ( in thousands):

| June 30, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
Non-accrual loans: |  |  |
Held-for-investment |  |  |
Real estate loans: |  |  |
Commercial | $ | 7,089 |  |  | $ | 7,922 |
One-to-four family residential | 814 |  |  | 889 |
Multifamily | 722 |  |  | 437 |
Home equity and lines of credit | 181 |  |  | 185 |
Total non-accrual loans | 8,806 |  |  | 9,433 |
Loans delinquent 90 days or more and still accruing: |  |  |
Held-for-investment |  |  |
Real estate loans: |  |  |
Commercial | 39 |  |  | 253 |
One-to-four family residential | 332 |  |  | 265 |
Multifamily | 492 |  |  | — |
Home equity and lines of credit | 115 |  |  | — |
Total loans delinquent 90 days or more and still accruing | 978 |  |  | 518 |
Total non-performing assets | $ | 9,784 |  |  | $ | 9,951 |
Non-performing loans to total loans | 0.27 | % |  | 0.29 | %
Non-performing assets to total assets | 0.19 | % |  | 0.20 | %
Loans subject to restructuring agreements and still accruing | $ | 13,295 |  |  | $ | 14,143 |
Accruing loans 30 to 89 days delinquent | $ | 16,104 |  |  | $ | 8,206 |

Included in non-accrual loans at June 30, 2020, is a commercial real estate loan with a balance of approximately $2.8 million, where the related collateral property is under contract for sale. No impairment reserve was required on this loan as of June 30, 2020, and the loan is expected to be repaid in full upon sale of the collateral property.
Accruing Loans 30 to 89 Days Delinquent
Loans 30 to 89 days delinquent and on accrual status totaled $16.1 and $8.2 million at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. The following table sets forth delinquencies for accruing loans by type and by amount at
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June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 (in thousands):

| June 30, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
Held-for-investment |  |  |
Real estate loans: |  |  |
Commercial | $ | 12,433 |  |  | $ | 5,450 |
One-to-four family residential | 2,166 |  |  | 1,590 |
Multifamily | 75 |  |  | 547 |
Construction and land | 198 |  |  | 147 |
Home equity and lines of credit | 750 |  |  | 217 |
Commercial and industrial loans | 482 |  |  | 229 |
Other loans | — |  |  | 26 |
Total delinquent accruing loans | $ | 16,104 |  |  | $ | 8,206 |

The increase in accruing loans 30-89 days delinquent from December 31, 2019, is due primarily to an increase in delinquent commercial real estate loans, attributable to a deterioration of economic conditions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Three loans totaling $4.6 million have requested forbearance relief, and another loan totaling $2.9 million, which has not sought forbearance relief, is collateralized by a mixed use property comprised of apartments and a restaurant, and has been impacted by slower rent collections.
Loans Subject to TDR Agreements
Included in non-accruing loans are loans subject to TDR agreements totaling $3.8 million and $4.4 million at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. The decrease in non-accruing TDR loans was primarily due to one loan with a balance of $1.3 million, settled in full during the quarter ended March 31, 2020. There were four loans modified as TDRs during the quarter ended June 30, 2020, totaling $730,000, where the borrowers have requested relief due to COVID-19 related challenges. All four loans were delinquent and on non-accrual status prior to the implementation of our COVID-19 customer relief program. At December 31, 2019, two of the non-accruing troubled debt restructurings totaling $255,000 were not performing in accordance with their restructured terms, and were collateralized by real estate with an aggregate estimated fair value of $946,000.
The Company also holds loans subject to TDR agreements that are on accrual status totaling $13.3 million and $14.1 million at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. At June 30, 2020, $12.9 million, or 97.2%, of the $13.3 million of accruing loans subject to TDR agreements were performing in accordance with their restructured terms. At December 31, 2019, $13.8 million, or 97.3%, of the $14.1 million of accruing loans subject to TDR agreements were performing in accordance with their restructured terms. Generally, the types of concessions that we make to troubled borrowers include both temporary and permanent reductions to interest rates, extensions of payment terms, and, to a lesser extent, forgiveness of principal and interest.
The following table details the amounts and categories of the loans subject to restructuring agreements by loan type as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 (in thousands):

| June 30, 2020 |  |  |  | December 31, 2019 |  |
| Non-Accruing |  | Accruing |  | Non-Accruing |  | Accruing
Real estate loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial | $ | 3,318 |  |  | $ | 10,667 |  |  | $ | 4,102 |  |  | $ | 10,810 |
One-to-four family residential | 429 |  |  | 1,889 |  |  | 255 |  |  | 2,224 |
Multifamily | 40 |  |  | 634 |  |  | 40 |  |  | 997 |
Home equity and lines of credit | — |  |  | 51 |  |  | — |  |  | 54 |
Commercial and industrial loans | — |  |  | 54 |  |  | — |  |  | 58 |
| $ | 3,787 |  |  | $ | 13,295 |  |  | $ | 4,397 |  |  | $ | 14,143 |
Performing in accordance with restructured terms | 89.8 | % |  | 97.2 | % |  | 64.5 | % |  | 97.3 | %

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Management continues to evaluate the Company's exposure to increased loan losses related to the COVID-19 pandemic, in particular the commercial real estate and multifamily loan portfolios. The Company has implemented a customer relief program to assist borrowers that may be experiencing financial hardship due to COVID-19 related challenges. The relief program grants principal and/or interest payment deferrals typically for a period of 90 days, which may be extended for an additional 90 days, for a maximum of 180 days on a cumulative basis. Through June 30, 2020, the Company had executed or approved requests for payment deferral from 262 borrowers (excluding PCI loans), representing $345.9 million, or approximately 9.7% of the Company’s outstanding originated and acquired loan portfolio as of that date. Loans in deferment status (“COVID-19 Modified Loans”) will continue to accrue interest during the deferment period unless otherwise classified as nonperforming. COVID-19 Modified Loans are required to make escrow payments for real estate taxes and insurance, if applicable. For loans given relief of interest, the deferred interest is generally to be paid back over a period not to exceed 18 months. Principal deferrals may be brought current or recast into outstanding principal at time of rate reset or repaid at the end of the loan's contractual term. COVID-19 Modified Loan agreements generally also include covenants that prohibit distributions, bonuses, or payments of management fees to related entities until all deferred payments are made. Consistent with industry regulatory guidance, borrowers that were otherwise current on loan payments that were granted COVID-19 related financial hardship payment deferrals will continue to be reported as current loans throughout the agreed upon deferral period. Borrowers, which were delinquent in their payments to the Bank, prior to requesting a COVID-19 related financial hardship payment deferral are reviewed on a case-by-case basis for TDR classification and non-performing loan status.
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The following table sets forth the property types collateralizing our originated and acquired (excluding PCI) loans and loans approved for/executed forbearance as of June 30, 2020 (in thousands):

| Loan Portfolio by Property Type at June 30, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Loans Approved for/Executed Forbearance Agreements for COVID Relief through June 30, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Number of Loans |  | Amount |  | Average Loan Size |  | Weighted Average LTV Ratio |  | % of Total Loans |  | Number of Loans |  |  |  | Amount |  | Average Loan Size |  | Weighted Average LTV Ratio |  | % of Portfolio by Property Type |  |
Commercial Real Estate |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Multifamily(1) | 1,070 |  | $ | 2,400,001 |  |  | $ | 2,243 |  |  | 54 | % |  | 67.1 | % |  | 88 |  |  |  | $ | 173,170 |  |  | $ | 1,968 |  |  | 47 | % |  | 7.2 | % |  |
Mixed use (majority of space is non-residential) | 204 |  | 150,088 |  |  | 736 |  |  | 45 | % |  | 4.2 | % |  | 44 |  |  |  | 52,865 |  |  | 1,201 |  |  | 49 | % |  | 35.2 | % |  |
Retail | 83 |  | 130,306 |  |  | 1,570 |  |  | 49 | % |  | 3.7 | % |  | 23 |  |  |  | 41,833 |  |  | 1,819 |  |  | 49 | % |  | 32.1 | % |  |
Office buildings | 107 |  | 102,780 |  |  | 961 |  |  | 50 | % |  | 2.9 | % |  | 18 |  |  |  | 10,066 |  |  | 559 |  |  | 50 | % |  | 9.8 | % |  |
Accommodations | 13 |  | 66,118 |  |  | 5,086 |  |  | 41 | % |  | 1.9 | % |  | 10 |  |  |  | 35,270 |  |  | 3,527 |  |  | 35 | % |  | 53.3 | % |  |
Nursing Home | 5 |  | 27,915 |  |  | 5,583 |  |  | 58 | % |  | 0.8 | % |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — | % |  | — | % |  |
Medical Office Buildings | 19 |  | 25,225 |  |  | 1,328 |  |  | 67 | % |  | 0.7 | % |  | 1 |  |  |  | 1,250 |  |  | 1,250 |  |  | 54 | % |  | 5.0 | % |  |
Industrial and Manufacturing (Office and Plant) | 24 |  | 21,335 |  |  | 889 |  |  | 45 | % |  | 0.6 | % |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — | % |  | — | % |  |
Warehousing | 20 |  | 18,259 |  |  | 913 |  |  | 48 | % |  | 0.5 | % |  | 2 |  |  |  | 814 |  |  | 407 |  |  | 39 | % |  | 4.5 | % |  |
Restaurant | 19 |  | 12,510 |  |  | 658 |  |  | 53 | % |  | 0.3 | % |  | 12 |  |  |  | 9,915 |  |  | 826 |  |  | 46 | % |  | 79.3 | % |  |
Religious | 16 |  | 11,109 |  |  | 694 |  |  | 40 | % |  | 0.3 | % |  | 3 |  |  |  | 1,643 |  |  | 548 |  |  | 46 | % |  | 14.8 | % |  |
Bank Branch | 7 |  | 6,494 |  |  | 928 |  |  | 47 | % |  | 0.2 | % |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — | % |  | — | % |  |
Schools/Child Day care | 5 |  | 5,230 |  |  | 1,046 |  |  | 38 | % |  | 0.1 | % |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — | % |  | — | % |  |
Automobile | 14 |  | 4,951 |  |  | 354 |  |  | 52 | % |  | 0.1 | % |  | 1 |  |  |  | 179 |  |  | 179 |  |  | 14 | % |  | 3.6 | % |  |
Funeral Home | 3 |  | 2,756 |  |  | 919 |  |  | 66 | % |  | 0.1 | % |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — | % |  | — | % |  |
Leisure | 3 |  | 2,869 |  |  | 956 |  |  | 61 | % |  | 0.1 | % |  | 3 |  |  |  | 2,869 |  |  | 956 |  |  | 61 | % |  | 100.0 | % |  |
Car Wash | 3 |  | 1,254 |  |  | 418 |  |  | 39 | % |  | — | % |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — | % |  | — | % |  |
Other | 77 |  | 45,328 |  |  | 589 |  |  | 45 | % |  | 1.2 | % |  | 5 |  |  |  | 2,431 |  |  | 486 |  |  | 50 | % |  | 5.4 | % |  |
Total commercial real estate (including multifamily) | 1,692 |  | 3,034,528 |  |  | 1,793 |  |  | 53 | % |  | 84.8 | % |  | 210 |  |  |  | 332,305 |  |  | 1,582 |  |  | 46 | % |  | 11.0 | % |  |
One-to-four family residential | 708 |  | 231,368 |  |  | 327 |  |  | 55 | % |  | 6.5 | % |  | 23 |  |  |  | 8,625 |  |  | 375 |  |  | 48 | % |  | 3.7 | % |  |
Home equity and lines of credit | 1,793 |  | 100,200 |  |  | 56 |  |  | 48 | % |  | 2.8 | % |  | 6 |  |  |  | 703 |  |  | 117 |  |  | 49 | % |  | 0.7 | % |  |
Construction and land | 35 |  | 48,319 |  |  | 1,381 |  |  | 42 | % |  | 1.4 | % |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — | % |  | — | % |  |
Commercial and industrial loans | 1,375 |  | 157,758 |  |  | 115 |  |  | NM |  | 4.4 | % |  | 23 |  |  |  | 4,219 |  |  | 183 |  |  | NM |  | 2.7 | % |  |
Other | 31 |  | 2,411 |  |  | 78 |  |  | NM |  | 0.1 | % |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — | % |  | — | % |  |
Total loans (excluding PCI) | 5,634 |  | $ | 3,574,584 |  |  | 634 |  |  |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | 262 |  |  |  | $ | 345,852 |  |  | 1,320 |  |  |  |  | 9.7 | % |  |

(1) Property type is apartment units equal or greater than five units.
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As of August 7, 2020, loans reported in the table above were in the following status ($ in millions):

|  | Number of Loans |  | Amount |  | Percentage of Total
Returned to contractual monthly payments |  | 118 |  | $ | 143.4 |  |  | 41.5 | %
Requested or approved for a second 90-day period |  | 47 |  | 63.1 |  |  | 18.2 | %
Delinquent less than 30 days |  | 37 |  | 49.0 |  |  | 14.2 | %
Delinquent 30 days or more |  | 17 |  | 21.5 |  |  | 6.2 | %
In original forbearance(1) |  | 43 |  | 68.8 |  |  | 19.9 | %
|  | 262 |  | $ | 345.8 |  |  | 100.0 | %
(1) Forbearance set to expire between August 8, 2020 and January 1, 2021. |  |  |  |  |  |

Of the 47 loans that requested or were approved for a second 90-day forbearance period, $29.7 million were loans secured by accommodations (hotels or motels), $14.2 million were loans secured by mixed-use properties (majority of space is non-residential), and $10.4 million were in the retail industry. Loans delinquent 30 days or more include $14.4 million secured by mixed-use properties, with the majority of the remainder in the retail, restaurant and leisure industries. In addition, four loans totaling $5.9 million, were granted initial forbearance subsequent to June 30, 2020, through August 7, 2020.
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Liquidity and Capital Resources
Liquidity. The objective of our liquidity management is to ensure the availability of sufficient funds to meet financial commitments and to take advantage of lending and investment opportunities. The Bank manages liquidity in order to meet deposit withdrawals on demand or at contractual maturity, to repay borrowings as they mature, and to fund new loans and investments as opportunities arise.
The Bank's primary sources of funds are deposits, principal and interest payments on loans and securities, borrowed funds, the proceeds from maturing securities and short-term investments, and to a lesser extent, proceeds from the sales of loans and securities and wholesale borrowings. The scheduled amortization of loans and securities, as well as proceeds from borrowed funds, are predictable sources of funds. Other funding sources, however, such as deposit inflows and loan prepayments are greatly influenced by market interest rates, economic conditions, and competition. The Bank is a member of the FHLBNY, which provides an additional source of short-term and long-term funding. The Bank also has short-term borrowing capabilities with the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. The Bank’s borrowed funds, excluding lease obligations floating rate advances and overnight line of credit, were $610.0 million at June 30, 2020, and had a weighted average interest rate of 2.08%. A total of $146.7 million of these borrowings will mature in less than one year. Borrowed funds, excluding floating rate advances and overnight line of credit, were $851.0 million at December 31, 2019. The Bank has the ability to obtain additional funding from the FHLB of approximately $1.49 billion utilizing unencumbered securities of $422.4 million, loans of $1.06 billion, and encumbered securities of $2.2 million at June 30, 2020. Additionally, the Bank has remaining borrowing capacity utilizing encumbered securities through the FRB Discount Window of $201.0 million. The Bank also has a Letter of Credit (“LOC”) of up to $50.0 million with the FHLBNY for the purpose of collateralizing municipal deposits. Any amount pledged for such deposits under the LOC reduces the Bank's available borrowing amount under the FHLB advance agreement. The Bank expects to have sufficient funds available to meet current commitments in the normal course of business.
Northfield Bancorp, Inc. (standalone) is a separate legal entity from the Bank and must provide for its own liquidity to pay dividends, repurchase its stock, and for other corporate purposes. Northfield Bancorp, Inc.'s primary source of liquidity is dividend payments from the Bank. At June 30, 2020, Northfield Bancorp, Inc. (standalone) had liquid assets of $37.3 million.
Capital Resources. Federal regulations require federally insured depository institutions to meet several minimum capital standards: a common equity Tier 1 capital to risk-based assets ratio of 4.5%, a Tier 1 capital to risk-based assets ratio of 6.0%, a total capital to risk-based assets of 8.0%, and a 4.0% Tier 1 capital to total assets leverage ratio. In addition to establishing the minimum regulatory capital requirements, the regulations limit capital distributions and certain discretionary bonus payments to management if the institution does not hold a “capital conservation buffer” consisting of 2.5% of common equity Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets in addition to the amount necessary to meet its minimum risk-based capital requirements.
As a result of the recently enacted Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief, and Consumer Protection Act, the federal banking agencies were required to develop a “Community Bank Leverage Ratio” (“CBLR”) (the ratio of a bank’s tangible equity capital to average total consolidated assets) for financial institutions with assets of less than $10 billion. A qualifying community bank that exceeds this ratio will be deemed to be in compliance with all other capital and leverage requirements, including the capital requirements to be considered “well capitalized” under Prompt Corrective Action statutes. The federal banking agencies approved 9% as the minimum capital for the CBLR. Effective March 31, 2020, a financial institution can elect to be subject to this new definition. Northfield Bank and Northfield Bancorp have elected to opt into the “CBLR” framework, beginning with the Call Reports filed for the first quarter of 2020. The CBLR replaced the risk-based and leverage capital requirements in the generally applicable capital rules. On April 6, 2020, the federal banking regulators, implementing the applicable provisions of the CARES Act, modified the CBLR framework so that: (i) beginning in the second quarter of 2020 and until the end of the year, a banking organization that has a leverage ratio of 8% or greater and meets certain other criteria may elect to use the CBLR framework; and (ii) community banking organizations will have until January 1, 2022 before the CBLR requirement is re-established at greater than 9%. Under the interim rules, the minimum CBLR will be 8% beginning in the second quarter and for the remainder of calendar year 2020, 8.5% for calendar year 2021, and 9% thereafter.
At June 30, 2020, and December 31, 2019, as set forth in the following table, both Northfield Bank and Northfield Bancorp, Inc. exceeded all of the regulatory capital requirements to which they were subject at such dates.
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| Northfield Bank |  | Northfield Bancorp, Inc. |  | For Capital Adequacy Purposes (1) |  | For Well Capitalized Under Prompt Corrective Action Provisions
As of June 30, 2020: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
CBLR | 11.86% |  | 13.03% |  | 8.00% |  | 8.00%
As of December 31, 2019: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Common equity Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets) | 14.99% |  | 16.35% |  | 4.50% |  | 6.50%
Tier 1 leverage | 12.28% |  | 13.37% |  | 4.00% |  | 5.00%
Tier I capital (to risk-weighted assets) | 14.99% |  | 16.35% |  | 6.00% |  | 8.00%
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets) | 15.73% |  | 17.09% |  | 8.00% |  | 10.00%
(1) Includes capital conservation buffer at December 31, 2019. The CBLR does not include a capital conservation buffer. |  |  |  |  |  |  |

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements and Contractual Obligations
In the normal course of operations, the Company engages in a variety of financial transactions that, in accordance with U.S. GAAP, are not recorded in the financial statements. These transactions primarily relate to lending commitments. These arrangements are not expected to have a material impact on the Company's results of operations or financial condition.
The following table shows the contractual obligations of the Company by expected payment period as of June 30, 2020 (in thousands):

Contractual Obligations |  | Total |  | Less than One Year |  | One to less than Three Years |  | Three to less than Five Years |  | More than Five Years
Borrowings |  | $ | 610,000 |  |  | $ | 146,725 |  |  | $ | 230,775 |  |  | $ | 187,500 |  |  | $ | 45,000 |
Operating lease liabilities |  | 57,824 |  |  | 6,270 |  |  | 10,732 |  |  | 10,051 |  |  | 30,771 |
Commitments to originate loans |  | 34,997 |  |  | 34,997 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Commitments to fund unused lines of credit |  | 151,586 |  |  | 151,586 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |

Commitments to fund unused lines of credit are agreements to lend additional funds to customers as long as there have been no violations of any of the conditions established in the agreements (original or restructured). Commitments to originate loans generally have a fixed expiration or other termination clauses, which may or may not require payment of a fee. Since some of these loan commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, total commitments do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. At June 30, 2020, the reserve for commitments to fund unused lines of credit recorded in accrued expenses and other liabilities was $720,000.
For further information regarding our off-balance sheet arrangements and contractual obligations, see "Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.
Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted
ASU No. 2020-04. On March 12, 2020, FASB issued ASU No. 2020-04, “Reference Rate Reform ("ASC 848"): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting”, which provides temporary optional guidance to ease the potential burden in accounting for reference rate reform. The ASU provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying generally accepted accounting principles to contract modifications and hedging relationships, subject to meeting certain criteria, that reference the London Inter-Bank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) or another reference rate expected to be discontinued. It is intended to help stakeholders during the global market-wide reference rate transition period. The guidance is effective for all entities as of March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2022. The Company is implementing a transition plan to identify and modify its loans and other financial instruments that are either directly or indirectly influenced by LIBOR. The Company is in the process of evaluating ASU No. 2020-04 and its impact on the Company’s transition away from LIBOR for its loan and other financial instruments, with no material expected impact on the Company's financial condition or results of operation at this time.
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ASU No. 2019-12. In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes.” ASU No. 2019-12 simplifies accounting for income taxes by removing specific technical exceptions in ASC 740 related to the incremental approach for intra-period tax allocation, the methodology for calculating income taxes in an interim period and the recognition for deferred tax liabilities for outside basis differences. ASU No. 2019-12 also simplifies aspects of the accounting for franchise taxes and enacted changes in tax laws or rates and clarifies the accounting for transactions that result in a step-up in the tax basis of goodwill. The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2020. ASU No. 2019-12 is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial condition or results of operations.
ASU No. 2018-14. In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-14, “Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans.” This ASU makes minor changes to the disclosure requirements for employers that sponsor defined benefit pension and/or other postretirement benefit plans. ASU 2018-14 is effective for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2020, with early adoption permitted. As ASU 2018-14 only revises disclosure requirements, it will not have an impact on the Company’s financial condition or results of operations.
ASU 2016-13. In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): “Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments” (“ASU 2016-13”). This guidance was subsequently amended by ASU No. 2019-04, “Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses, Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and Topic 825, Financial Instruments”; ASU No. 2019-05, “Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Targeted Transition Relief”; and ASU No. 2019-11, “Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses”. ASU No. 2016-13 and its subsequent updates are collectively known as “CECL”. CECL replaces the current incurred loss impairment model that recognizes losses when a probable threshold is met with a requirement to recognize lifetime expected credit losses immediately when a financial asset is originated or purchased. For available-for-sale debt securities where fair value is less than cost, credit-related impairment would be recognized in an allowance for credit losses and adjusted in each subsequent period for changes in credit risk. CECL also expands the disclosure requirements regarding an entity’s assumptions, models, and methods for estimating the allowance for credit losses.
ASU 2016-13 and its subsequent updates became effective for the Company on January 1, 2020. However, the CARES Act, which became law on March 27, 2020, included an option for financial institutions to delay the implementation of ASU 2016-13 until the earlier of the termination date of the national emergency concerning the COVID-19 pandemic or December 31, 2020. The Company has elected to delay its implementation of ASU 2016-13 and has calculated and recorded its provision for credit losses under the incurred loss model that existed prior to ASU 2016-13.
Our CECL implementation process included assessment and documentation of governance and reporting processes and related internal controls; model development, documentation and validation; and the incorporation of qualitative adjustments for model limitations, among other things. We contracted with a third-party vendor to assist us in the application of CECL. ASU 2016-13 lists several credit loss methods that are acceptable such as a discounted cash flow method, loss-rate method and probability of default/loss given default (“PD/LGD”) method. The Company will utilize the PD/LGD methodology to estimate its allowance for loan losses.
Our CECL model includes the following major items:
•a historical loss period, which represents a full economic credit cycle utilizing internal loss experience, as well as peer historical loss data;
•three economic scenarios - history continues, history moderately worsens, and history severely worsens;
•a reasonable and supportable forecast period of two years, based on management’s current review of macroeconomic factors and the reliability of extended economic forecasts based on forecast data from Moody's;
•a reversion period (after the reasonable and supportable forecast period) using a straight-line approach;
•expected prepayment rates based on our historical experience; and
•incorporation of qualitative factors not captured within the modeled results.
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CECL parallel comparisons were performed at June 30, 2020, and the Company expects that upon adoption of ASU 2016-13, with an effective retrospective date of January 1, 2020, the Company would increase its allowance for credit losses by approximately 15% to 25%, excluding any reclassification related to purchased credit-impaired loans. T his increase will be reflected as a cumulative-effect adjustment that decreases beginning retained earnings, net of income taxes. The expected increase in the allowance for credit losses is a result of changing from an incurred loss model, which encompasses allowances for current known and inherent losses within the portfolio, to a CECL model, which encompasses allowances for losses expected to be incurred over the life of the portfolio. Furthermore, ASU 2016-13 necessitates that the Company establish an allowance for expected credit losses for certain debt securities and other financial assets; however, the Company does not expect to record any allowances on debt securities available-for sale. The adoption of ASU 2016-13 is not expected to have a significant impact on our regulatory capital ratios.
See Note 13 of the Notes to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements for information about recent accounting pronouncements adopted.
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ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Management of Market Risk
General. A majority of our assets and liabilities are monetary in nature. Consequently, our most significant form of market risk is interest rate risk. Our assets, consisting primarily of mortgage-related securities and loans, generally have longer maturities than our liabilities, which consist primarily of deposits and wholesale borrowings. As a result, a principal part of our business strategy involves managing interest rate risk and limiting the exposure of our net interest income to changes in market interest rates. Accordingly, our Board of Directors has established a Management Asset-Liability Committee, comprised of our SVP & Chief Investment Officer and Treasurer, who chairs this Committee, our President and Chief Executive Officer, our EVP & Chief Administrative Officer, EVP & Chief Financial Officer, EVP & Chief Lending Officer, EVP Operations, EVP Branch Administration and Business Development, SVP and Chief Risk Officer, and SVP & Director of Marketing, and other officers and staff as necessary or appropriate. This committee is responsible for, among other things, evaluating the interest rate risk inherent in our assets and liabilities, for recommending to the risk management committee of our Board of Directors the level of risk that is appropriate given our business strategy, operating environment, capital, liquidity and performance objectives, and for managing this risk consistent with the guidelines approved by the Board of Directors.
We seek to manage our interest rate risk in order to minimize the exposure of our earnings and capital to changes in interest rates. As part of our ongoing asset-liability management, we currently use the following strategies to manage our interest rate risk:
•originating multifamily loans and commercial real estate loans that generally have shorter maturities than one-to-four family residential real estate loans and have higher interest rates that generally reset from five to ten years;
•investing in investment grade corporate securities and mortgage-backed securities; and
•obtaining general financing through lower-cost core deposits, brokered deposits, and longer-term FHLB advances and repurchase agreements.
Shortening the average term of our interest-earning assets by increasing our investments in shorter-term assets, as well as originating loans with variable interest rates, helps to match the maturities and interest rates of our assets and liabilities better, thereby reducing the exposure of our net interest income to changes in market interest rates.
Net Portfolio Value Analysis. We compute amounts by which the net present value of our assets and liabilities (net portfolio value or NPV) would change in the event market interest rates changed over an assumed range of rates. Our simulation model uses a discounted cash flow analysis to measure the interest rate sensitivity of NPV. Depending on current market interest rates, we estimate the economic value of these assets and liabilities under the assumption that interest rates experience an instantaneous and sustained increase of 100, 200, 300, or 400 basis points, or a decrease of 100 and 200 basis points, which is based on the current interest rate environment. A basis point equals one-hundredth of one percent, and 100 basis points equals one percent. An increase in interest rates from 3% to 4% would mean, for example, a 100 basis point increase in the “Change in Interest Rates” column below.
Net Interest Income Analysis. In addition to NPV calculations, we analyze our sensitivity to changes in interest rates through our net interest income model. Net interest income is the difference between the interest income we earn on our interest-earning assets, such as loans and securities, and the interest we pay on our interest-bearing liabilities, such as deposits and borrowings. In our model, we estimate what our net interest income would be for a twelve-month period. Depending on current market interest rates we then calculate what the net interest income would be for the same period under the assumption that interest rates experience an instantaneous and sustained increase or decrease of 100, 200, 300, or 400 basis points, or a decrease of 100 and 200 basis points, which is based on the current interest rate environment.
The following tables set forth, as of June 30, 2020, and December 31, 2019, our calculation of the estimated changes in our NPV, NPV ratio, and percent change in net interest income that would result from the designated instantaneous and sustained changes in interest rates (dollars in thousands). Computations of prospective effects of hypothetical interest rate changes are based on numerous assumptions, including relative levels of market interest rates, loan prepayments and deposit repricing characteristics including decay rates, and correlations to movements in interest rates, and should not be relied on as indicative of actual results.
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|  | NPV at June 30, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Change in Interest Rates (basis points) |  | Estimated Present Value of Assets |  | Estimated Present Value of Liabilities |  | Estimated NPV |  | Estimated Change In NPV |  | Estimated Change in NPV % |  | Estimated NPV/Present Value of Assets Ratio |  | Next 12 Months Net Interest Income Percent Change |  | Months 13-24 Net Interest Income Percent Change
+400 |  | $ | 4,613,813 |  |  | $ | 3,944,297 |  |  | $ | 669,516 |  |  | $ | (99,668) |  |  | (12.96) | % |  | 14.51 | % |  | (7.04) | % |  | 8.69 | %
+300 |  | 4,710,327 |  |  | 4,025,711 |  |  | 684,616 |  |  | (84,568) |  |  | (10.99) |  |  | 14.53 |  |  | (4.98) |  |  | 6.85 |
+200 |  | 4,820,023 |  |  | 4,110,676 |  |  | 709,347 |  |  | (59,837) |  |  | (7.78) |  |  | 14.72 |  |  | (2.82) |  |  | 5.48 |
+100 |  | 4,935,224 |  |  | 4,199,840 |  |  | 735,384 |  |  | (33,800) |  |  | (4.39) |  |  | 14.90 |  |  | (1.16) |  |  | 3.40 |
— |  | 5,063,012 |  |  | 4,293,828 |  |  | 769,184 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 15.19 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
(100) |  | 5,220,920 |  |  | 4,376,593 |  |  | 844,327 |  |  | 75,143 |  |  | 9.77 |  |  | 16.17 |  |  | (0.66) |  |  | (5.02) |
(200) |  | 5,393,595 |  |  | 4,379,207 |  |  | 1,014,388 |  |  | 245,204 |  |  | 31.88 |  |  | 18.81 |  |  | (0.43) |  |  | (5.05) |

|  | NPV at December 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Change in Interest Rates (basis points) |  | Estimated Present Value of Assets |  | Estimated Present Value of Liabilities |  | Estimated NPV |  | Estimated Change In NPV |  | Estimated Change in NPV % |  | Estimated NPV/Present Value of Assets Ratio |  | Next 12 Months Net Interest Income Percent Change |  | Months 13-24 Net Interest Income Percent Change
+400 |  | $ | 4,692,640 |  |  | $ | 3,974,209 |  |  | $ | 718,431 |  |  | $ | (156,728) |  |  | (17.91) | % |  | 15.31 | % |  | (17.51) | % |  | (3.90) | %
+300 |  | 4,797,256 |  |  | 4,039,976 |  |  | 757,280 |  |  | (117,879) |  |  | (13.47) |  |  | 15.79 |  |  | (12.79) |  |  | (2.47) |
+200 |  | 4,907,606 |  |  | 4,108,235 |  |  | 799,371 |  |  | (75,788) |  |  | (8.66) |  |  | 16.29 |  |  | (7.99) |  |  | (0.70) |
+100 |  | 5,018,245 |  |  | 4,179,543 |  |  | 838,702 |  |  | (36,457) |  |  | (4.17) |  |  | 16.71 |  |  | (3.71) |  |  | 0.42 |
— |  | 5,129,680 |  |  | 4,254,521 |  |  | 875,159 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 17.06 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
(100) |  | 5,249,067 |  |  | 4,339,402 |  |  | 909,665 |  |  | 34,506 |  |  | 3.94 |  |  | 17.33 |  |  | 0.36 |  |  | (3.15) |
(200) |  | 5,414,518 |  |  | 4,422,975 |  |  | 991,543 |  |  | 116,384 |  |  | 13.30 |  |  | 18.31 |  |  | 0.63 |  |  | (4.18) |

At June 30, 2020, in the event of a 200 basis point decrease in interest rates, we would experience a 31.88% increase in estimated net portfolio value and a 0.43% decrease in net interest income in year one and a 5.05% decrease in net interest income in year two. In the event of a 400 basis point increase in interest rates, we would experience a 12.96% decrease in estimated net portfolio value and a 7.04% decrease in net interest income in year one and an 8.69% increase in net interest income in year two. Our policies provide that, in the event of a 200 basis point decrease or less in interest rates, our net present value ratio should decrease by no more than 300 basis points and 10%, and in the event of a 400 basis point increase or less, our net present value should decrease by no more than 475 basis points and 35%. In the event of a 200 basis point decrease or less, our projected net interest income should decrease by no more than 10% in year one and 25% in year two, and in the event of a 400 basis point increase or less, our projected net interest income should decrease by no more than 30% in year one and 20% in year two. However, when the federal funds rate is low and negative rate shocks do not produce meaningful results, management may temporarily suspend use of guidelines for negative interest rate shocks. At June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, we were in compliance with all Board-approved policies with respect to interest rate risk management.
Certain shortcomings are inherent in the methodologies used in determining interest rate risk through changes in net portfolio value and net interest income. Our model requires us to make certain assumptions that may or may not reflect the manner in which actual yields and costs respond to changes in market interest rates. However, we also apply consistent parallel yield curve shifts (in both directions) to determine possible changes in net interest income if the theoretical yield curve shifts occurred gradually. Net interest income analysis also adjusts the asset and liability repricing analysis based on changes in prepayment rates resulting from the parallel yield curve shifts. In addition, the net portfolio value and net interest income information presented assume that the composition of our interest-sensitive assets and liabilities existing at the beginning of a period remains constant over the period being measured and assume that a particular change in interest rates is reflected uniformly across the yield curve regardless of the duration or repricing of specific assets and liabilities. Accordingly, although interest rate risk calculations provide an indication of our interest rate risk exposure at a particular point in time, such measurements are not intended to and do not provide a precise forecast of the effect of changes in market interest rates on our net portfolio value or net interest income and will differ from actual results.
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ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
An evaluation was performed under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including the President and Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) as of June 30, 2020. Based on that evaluation, the Company’s management, including the President and Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective.
During the three months ended June 30, 2020, there were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
The Company and subsidiaries are subject to various legal actions arising in the normal course of business. In the opinion of management, the resolution of these legal actions is not expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial condition or results of operations.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
During the quarter ended June 30, 2020, there have been no material changes to the risk factors as previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019, and in our quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2020, each as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, except as previously disclosed in our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
(a)Unregistered Sale of Equity Securities. There were no sales of unregistered securities during the period covered by this report.
(b)Use of Proceeds. Not applicable.
(c)Repurchases of Our Equity Securities.
The Company did not repurchase any of its common stock during the three months or six months ended June 30, 2020. The previously adopted repurchase program permitted $37.2 million of shares of common stock to be repurchased in open market or private transactions, through block trades, and pursuant to any trading plan that may be adopted in accordance with Rule 10b5-1 of the Securities and Exchange Commission. The timing of the repurchases will depend on certain factors, including but not limited to, market conditions and prices, the Company’s liquidity and capital requirements, and alternative uses of capital. Any repurchased shares will be held as treasury stock and will be available for general corporate purposes. The repurchases may be suspended, terminated or modified at any time for any reason, including market conditions, the cost of repurchasing shares, the availability of alternative investment opportunities, liquidity, and other factors deemed appropriate. On April 29, 2020, the Company temporarily suspended its share repurchase program in light of the COVID-19 pandemic and surrounding events. At June 30, 2020, approximately $21.5 million of shares may be repurchased under the repurchase program.
ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
None
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable
ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION
None
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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS
The following exhibits required by Item 601 of Regulation S-K are included with this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Exhibit Number |  | Description
31.1 |  | Certification of Steven M. Klein, President and Chief Executive Officer, Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a)
31.2 |  | Certification of William R. Jacobs, Chief Financial Officer, Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a)
32 |  | Certification of Steven M. Klein, President and Chief Executive Officer, and William R. Jacobs, Chief Financial Officer, Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101.INS |  | XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language) Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
104 |  | Cover page information from the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed August 10, 2020, formatted in Inline XBRL

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
(Registrant)
Date: August 10, 2020

/s/ Steven M. Klein
Steven M. Klein
President and Chief Executive Officer

/s/ William R. Jacobs
William R. Jacobs
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

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