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SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES | 12 Months Ended
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Nov. 30, 2016
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES [Text Block] |
3. | SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
| a) | Use of Estimates
The preparation of the accompanying consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions about future events. These estimates and the underlying assumptions affect the amounts of assets and liabilities reported, and reported amount of revenues and expenses. Significant estimates include accruals, valuation allowance for deferred tax assets, estimates for calculation of stock based compensation, estimating the useful life of its plant and equipment and accounting for conversion features on convertible debt transactions. These estimates are based on management’s best estimates and judgment. Management will adjust such estimates and assumptions when facts and circumstances dictate. As future events and their effects cannot be determined with certainty, actual results could differ significantly from these estimates.
| b) | Income Taxes
The Company accounts for income taxes under FASB Codification Topic 740-10-25 (“ASC 740-10- 25”). Under ASC 740-10-25, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. Under ASC 740- 10-25, the effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. The Company provides a valuation allowance for deferred tax assets for which it does not consider realization of such assets is not more than likely. The Company did not incur any material impact to its financial condition or results of operations due to the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return.
| c) | Revenue Recognition
The Company records revenue when it is realized, or realizable and earned. The Company considers revenue to be realized, or realizable and earned, when the following revenue recognition requirements are met: persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; the products have been delivered to the customer; the sales price is fixed or determinable; and collectability is reasonably assured.
| d) | Loss Per Share
Basic loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the year. Diluted loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding plus common stock equivalents (if dilutive) related to stock options and warrants for each year. There were no common equivalent shares outstanding at November 30, 2016 and 2015 that have been included in dilutive loss per share calculation as the effects would have been anti-dilutive. At November 30, 2016, there were 4,625,000 options and 2,484,650 warrants outstanding, which were convertible into equal number of common shares of the Company. At November 30, 2015, there were 4,750,000 options and 2,767,800 warrants outstanding, which were convertible into equal number of common shares of the Company.
| e) | Stock-Based Compensation
All awards granted to employees and non-employees after November 30, 2006 are valued at fair value by using the Black-Scholes option pricing model and recognized on a straight line basis over the service periods of each award. The Company accounts for equity instruments issued in exchange for the receipt of goods or services from other than employees using the estimated fair market value of the consideration received or the estimated fair value of the equity instruments issued, whichever is more reliably measurable. The value of equity instruments issued for consideration other than employee services is determined on the earlier of a performance commitment or completion of performance by the provider of goods or services. If there is a modification of the terms of an award, either by repricing or extending the expiry of the award, the award is re-measured. If the modification results in an increase in the fair value of the new award as compared to the old award immediately prior to the modification, the excess fair value is recognized as compensation expense.
| f) | Foreign Currency
The parent Company maintains its books and records in U.S. dollars which is its functional and reporting currency. The Company’s operating subsidiary is a foreign private company and maintains its books and records in Canadian dollars (the functional currency). The subsidiary’s financial statements are converted to US dollars for consolidation purposes. The translation method used is the current rate method. Under the current rate method all assets and liabilities are translated at the current rate, stockholders’ equity accounts are translated at historical rates and revenues and expenses are translated at average rates for the year. The resulting translation adjustment has been included in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss).
| g) | Comprehensive loss
Comprehensive loss includes all changes in equity (net assets) during a period from non- owner sources. Items included in comprehensive loss, which are excluded from net loss, include foreign currency translation adjustments relating to its Canadian subsidiary.
| h) | Financial Instruments
The carrying amount of accounts and other receivable and accounts payable, approximated their fair value because of the relatively short maturity of these instruments. The Company determines fair value based on its accounting policy fair value measurement i.e. exit price that would be recovered for an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. The Company does not use derivative financial instruments such as forwards to hedge foreign currency exposures.
| i) | Fair Value Measurement
The Company follows ASC 820-10, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” (ASC 820-10), which among other things, defines fair value, establishes a consistent framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosure for each major asset and liability category measured at fair value on either a recurring or nonrecurring basis. Fair value is an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. As a basis for considering such assumptions, a three-tier fair value hierarchy has been established, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows: • Level 1—Inputs are unadjusted, quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities at the measurement date. • Level 2—Inputs (other than quoted prices included in Level 1) are either directly or indirectly observable for the asset or liability through correlation with market data at the measurement date and for the duration of the instrument’s anticipated life. • Level 3—Inputs reflect management’s best estimate of what market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date. Consideration is given to the risk inherent in the valuation technique and the risk inherent in the inputs to the model. Assets and liabilities measured at fair value as of November 30, 2016 and 2015 are classified below based on the three fair value hierarchy tiers described above:
|  |  | Carrying |  |  | Fair Value |
|  |  | Value |  |  |  |
| November 30, 2016: |  |  |  |  |  |
| Cash | $ | 192,826 |  | $ | 192,826 |
| Accounts receivable | $ | 32,534 |  | $ | 32,534 |
| Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | $ | 245,911 |  | $ | 245,911 |
| Convertible debentures | $ | 1,153,540 |  | $ | 1,153,540 |
|  |  | Carrying |  |  | Fair Value |
|  |  | Value |  |  |  |
|  |  | (Restated) |  |  | (Restated) |
| November 30, 2015: |  | (See Note 17) |  |  | (See Note 17) |
| Cash | $ | 1,851,021 |  | $ | 1,851,021 |
| Accounts receivable | $ | 39,676 |  | $ | 39,676 |
| Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | $ | 173,329 |  | $ | 173,329 |
| Convertible debentures | $ | 1,161,750 |  | $ | 1,161,750 |
Cash has been measured using Level 1 of the Fair Value Hierarchy The carrying values of cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities and convertible debentures approximate their fair values because of the short-term nature of these instruments.
| j) | Convertible debt instruments
The Company accounts for convertible debt instruments when the Company has determined that the embedded conversion options should not be bifurcated from their host instruments in accordance with ASC 470-20 Debt with Conversion and Other Options . The Company records, when necessary, discounts to convertible notes for the intrinsic value of conversion options embedded in debt instruments based upon the differences between the fair value of the underlying common stock at the commitment date of the note transaction and the effective conversion price embedded in the note. The Company amortizes the respective debt discount over the term of the notes, using the straight-line method, which approximates the effective interest method. The Company records, when necessary, induced conversion expense, at the time of conversion for the difference between the reduced conversion price per share and the original conversion price per share.
| k) | Intellectual Property
Five patent applications, four non-provisional and one provisional, have been filed by the Company with the U.S. Patent Office. The Patents have been granted on the four non-provisional patents. Non-Provisional (granted patents): (a) Less-lethal Projectile: This issued patent relates to the Company’s distinctive collapsible ammunition head technology that absorbs kinetic energy of the projectile upon impact. The Corporation’s collapsible head is used in both the BIP and the WEP. (b) Electronic Circuitry for Incapacitating a Living Target: This issued patent relates to the electronic circuitry incapacitation system which forms part of the WEP. The patent describes an electronic circuit which provides an electrical incapacitation current to a living target. (c) Less-lethal Wireless Stun Projectile System for Immobilizing a Target by Neuro-Muscular Disruption: This issued patent describes the process by which the WEP operates with its attachment system to halt a target through a neuro-muscular-disruption system. (d) Autonomous Operation of a Less-lethal Projectile: This patent describes a motion sensing system within the WEP. The sensor will monitor movement of the target and enable the electrical output until the target is subdued. The electrical pulse is programmed for an exact time-frame to specifications of the user. Provisional Patent: (e) Payload carrying arrangement for a non-lethal projectile: This Provisional patent relates to the process of carrying liquid and powder payloads in the head of the BIP munitions that upon impact release from the head and are dispersed upon the target. The Company’s policy has been to write off cost incurred in connection with non-provisional and provisional patent costs as they are incurred as a recoverability of such expenditure is uncertain.
| l) | Property and Equipment
Property and equipment are recorded at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is provided commencing in the month following acquisition using the following annual rate and method:
| Computer equipment | 30% declining balance method
| Furniture and fixtures | 30% declining balance method
| Leasehold Improvements | straight line over period of lease
| Moulds | 20% Straight line over 5 years
| m) | Impairment of Long-lived Assets
Long-lived assets to be held and used are analyzed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the related carrying amounts may not be recoverable. The Company evaluates at each balance sheet date whether events and circumstances have occurred that indicate possible impairment. If there are indications of impairment, the Company uses future undiscounted cash flows of the related asset or asset group over the remaining life in measuring whether the assets are recoverable. In the event such cash flows are not expected to be sufficient to recover the recorded asset values, the assets are written down to their estimated fair value.
| n) | Inventories
Inventories comprise primarily of Blunt Impact Projectiles (Finished goods) and are valued at the lower of cost and net realizable value with cost being determined on the first-in, first-out basis. Costs consist of sub contracted manufacturing costs.
| o) | Consolidation
These consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Security Devices International Inc. and entities it controls. Control exists when SDI has the power, directly or indirectly, to govern the financial and operating policies of an entity/arrangement to obtain benefit from its activities. In assessing control, potential voting rights that currently are exercisable are considered. The financial statement of subsidiaries is included in the consolidated financial statements from the date that control commences until the date that control ceases. These consolidated financial statements include the results of SDI and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Security Devices International Canada Corp.
| p) | Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In January 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-01, "Income Statement - Extraordinary and Unusual Items (Subtopic 225-20) Simplifying Income Statement Presentation by Eliminating the Concept of Extraordinary Items" (ASU 2015-01). The amendments in ASU 2015-01 eliminate the GAAP concept of extraordinary items and no longer requires that transactions that met the criteria for classification as extraordinary items be separately classified and reported in the financial statements. ASU 2015-01 retains the presentation and disclosure guidance for items that are unusual in nature or occur infrequently and expands them to include items that are both unusual in nature and infrequently occurring. ASU 2015-01 will become effective in fiscal 2017. The Company is in the process of evaluating the amendments to determine if they have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flow. In February, 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-02, Consolidation (Topic 810): Amendments to the Consolidation Analysis. ASU No. 2015-02 provides guidance on the consolidation evaluation for reporting organizations that are required to evaluate whether they should consolidate certain legal entities such as limited partnerships, limited liability corporations, and securitization structures (collateralized debt obligations, collateralized loan obligations, and mortgage-backed security transactions). ASU No. 2015-02 is effective for periods beginning after December 15, 2015, with early adoption permitted. The Company is in the process of evaluating the amendments to determine if they have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flow. In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-03, Interest—Imputation of Interest (Subtopic 835-30): Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs. ASU No. 2015-03 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2015 with early adoption permitted. The Company is in the process of evaluating the amendments to determine if they have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flow. In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-17, “Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes,” as part of its simplification initiative. Under the ASU, organizations that present a classified balance sheet are required to classify all deferred taxes as noncurrent assets or noncurrent liabilities. ASU No. 2015-17 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within those annual periods. The Company is in the process of evaluating the amendments to determine if they have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flow. In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, which makes limited amendments to the guidance in U.S. GAAP on the classification and measurement of financial instruments. The new standard significantly revises an entity’s accounting related to (1) the classification and measurement of investments in equity securities and (2) the presentation of certain fair value changes for financial liabilities measured at fair value. It also amends certain disclosure requirements associated with the fair value of financial instruments. ASU No. 2016-01 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those annual periods. The Company is in the process of evaluating the amendments to determine if they have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flow. In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) (ASU 2016-02). The FASB issued the update to require the recognition of lease assets and liabilities on the balance sheet of lessees. ASU 2016-02is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. ASU 2016-02 requires a modified retrospective transition method with the option to elect a package of practical expedients. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is evaluating the effect that ASU 2016-02 will have on its financial statements and related disclosures. In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-08, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net) (ASU 2016-08). The FASB issued the amendment to clarify the implementation guidance on principal versus agent considerations. The effective date and transition requirements for the amendments in this update is for annual reporting period beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company is evaluating the effect that ASU 2016-08 will have on its financial statements and related disclosures. In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting (ASU 2016-09). The FASB issued the amendment to simplify several aspects of the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, and classification on the statement of cash flows. Some of the areas for simplification apply only to nonpublic entities. ASU 2016-09 is effective for the Company for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016, with early adoption permitted. The adoption of ASU 2016-09 is not expected to have a material impact on the financial statements of the Company. In April 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-10, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing (ASU 2016-10). The FASB issued the amendment to clarify the following two aspects of Topic 606: identifying performance obligations and the licensing implementation guidance, while retaining the related principles for those areas. The effective date and transition requirements for the amendments in this update is for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company is evaluating the effect that ASU 2016-10 will have on its financial statements and related disclosures. In May 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-12, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients (ASU 2016-12). The FASB issued the amendment to improve Topic 606 by reducing the potential for diversity in practice at initial application and reducing the cost and complexity of applying Topic 606 both at transition and on an ongoing basis. The effective date and transition requirements for the amendments in this update are the same as the effective date and transition requirements of ASU 2014-09. The Company is evaluating the effect that ASU 2016-12 will have on its financial statements and related disclosures. In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (ASU 2016-13). The FASB issued the amendment to require a financial asset (or a group of financial assets) measured at amortized cost basis to be presented at the net amount expected to be collected. The updates will be effective for the Company for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company is evaluating the effect that ASU 2016-13 will have on its financial statements and related disclosures. In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, "Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230) Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments" (ASU 2016-15. The new guidance clarifies eight cash flow classification issues where current GAAP was either unclear or has no specific guidance. The new standard is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017 and interim periods within those fiscal years. All entities may elect to early adopt ASU 2016-15 in any interim period. If an entity early adopts it must adopt all eight of the amendments in the same period and if early adopted in an interim period any adjustments should be reflected as of the beginning of the year. The amendments in ASU 2016-15 will be applied using the modified retrospective transition method for each period presented. The Company is evaluating the impact the adoption of this guidance will have on the classification of certain items on its consolidated statements of cash flows. In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-01 Business Combinations (Topic 805) - Clarifying the Definition of a Business. This update clarifies the definition of a business with the objective of adding guidance to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses. The amendments provide a screen to determine when a set of assets and activities is not a business. If the screen is not met, the amendments require further consideration of inputs, substantive processes and outputs to determine whether the transaction is an acquisition of a business. The new update is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The amendments in ASU 2017-01 will be implemented on a prospective basis.

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