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SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES | 12 Months Ended
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Nov. 30, 2017
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES [Text Block] |
3. | SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
| a) | Use of Estimates
|  | The preparation of the accompanying consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions about future events. These estimates and the underlying assumptions affect the amounts of assets and liabilities reported and reported amount of revenues and expenses. Significant estimates include accruals, valuation allowance for deferred tax assets, estimates for calculations of stock-based compensation, estimating the useful life of its property and equipment and accounting for conversion features on convertible debt transactions. These estimates are based on management’s best estimates and judgment. Management will adjust such estimates and assumptions when facts and circumstances dictate. As future events and their effects cannot be determined with certainty, actual results could differ significantly from these estimates.
| b) | Income Taxes
|  | The Company accounts for income taxes under FASB Codification Topic 740-10-25 (“ASC 740-10- 25”). Under ASC 740-10-25, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. Under ASC 740- 10-25, the effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. The Company provides a valuation allowance for deferred tax assets for which it does not consider realization of such assets is not more than likely. The Company did not incur any material impact to its financial condition or results of operations due to the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return.
| c) | Revenue Recognition
|  | The Company records revenue when it is realized, or realizable and earned. The Company considers revenue to be realized, or realizable and earned, when the following revenue recognition requirements are met: persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; the products have been shipped to the customer; the sales price is fixed or determinable; and collectability is reasonably assured.
| d) | Loss Per Share
|  | Basic loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the year. Diluted loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding plus common stock equivalents (if dilutive) related to stock options and warrants for each year and the conversion feature of convertible debentures. There were no common equivalent shares outstanding at November 30, 2017 and 2016 that have been included in dilutive loss per share calculation as the effects would have been anti-dilutive. At November 30, 2017, there are 4,866,667 options and 20,941,160 warrants outstanding, which are convertible into equal number of common shares of the Company. At November 30, 2016, there were 4,625,000 options and 2,484,650 warrants outstanding, which were convertible into equal number of common shares of the Company.
| e) | Stock-Based Compensation
|  | All stock option awards granted to employees are valued at fair value by using the Black-Scholes option pricing model and recognized on a straight-line basis over the service periods of each award. The Company accounts for equity instruments issued in exchange for the receipt of goods or services from employees or non- employees using the estimated fair market value of the consideration received or the estimated fair value of the equity instruments issued, whichever is more reliably measurable. The value of equity instruments issued for consideration for employees and non-employee services is determined on the earlier of a performance commitment or completion of performance by the provider of goods or services.
|  | If there is a modification of the terms of an award, either by repricing or extending the expiry of the award, the award is re-measured. If the modification results in an increase in the fair value of the new award as compared to the old award immediately prior to the modification, the excess fair value is recognized as compensation expense.
| f) | Foreign Currency
|  | The parent company maintains its books and records in U.S. dollars which is its functional and reporting currency. The Company’s operating subsidiary is a foreign private company and maintains its books and records in Canadian dollars (the functional currency). The subsidiary’s financial statements are converted to US dollars for consolidation purposes. The translation method used is the current rate method. Under the current rate method, all assets and liabilities are translated at the current rate, stockholders’ equity accounts are translated at historical rates, and revenues and expenses are translated at average rate for the year. The resulting translation adjustment has been included in accumulated other comprehensive loss. Gains or losses resulting from transactions in currencies other than the functional currency are reflected in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss for the reporting periods.
| g) | Comprehensive Loss
|  | Comprehensive loss includes all changes in equity (net assets) during a period from non-owner sources. Items included in comprehensive loss, which are excluded from net loss, include foreign currency translation adjustments relating to its Canadian subsidiary.
| h) | Financial Instruments
|  | The carrying amount of accounts receivable and accounts payable and accrued liabilities, approximated their fair value because of the relatively short maturity of these instruments. The Company determines fair value based on its accounting policy fair value measurement (i.e. exit price that would be recovered for an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date). The Company has not used derivative financial instruments such as forwards to hedge foreign currency exposures.
| i) | Fair Value Measurement
|  | The Company follows ASC 820-10, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” (ASC 820-10), which among other things, defines fair value, establishes a consistent framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosure for each major asset and liability category measured at fair value on either a recurring or nonrecurring basis. Fair value is an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market- based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. As a basis for considering such assumptions, a three-tier fair value hierarchy has been established, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:
• Level 1—Inputs are unadjusted, quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities at the measurement date. • Level 2—Inputs (other than quoted prices included in Level 1) are either directly or indirectly observable for the asset or liability through correlation with market data at the measurement date and for the duration of the instrument’s anticipated life. • Level 3—Inputs reflect management’s best estimate of what market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date. Consideration is given to the risk inherent in the valuation technique and the risk inherent in the inputs to the model. The carrying values of cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities approximate their fair values because of the short-term nature of these instruments. The subordinate convertible debentures are measured at fair value on a recurring basis using Level 3 inputs, and the fair value is determined using unobservable inputs. The change in fair value of the embedded derivative related to the subordinate convertible debentures of $239,802 for the year ended November 30, 2017 (November 30, 2016 - $Nil) is reflected as Change in fair value of derivative liability in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss (see Note 14(b)).
| j) | Convertible Debt Instruments
|  | When the Company has determined that the embedded conversion options should not be bifurcated from their host instruments the Company accounts for convertible debt instruments in accordance with ASC 470-20 Debt with Conversion and Other Options . The Company records, when necessary, discounts to convertible notes for the intrinsic value of conversion options embedded in debt instruments based upon the differences between the fair value of the underlying common stock at the commitment date of the note transaction and the effective conversion price embedded in the note. The Company amortizes any debt discount over the term of the notes, using the straight-line method, which approximates the effective interest method. The Company records, when necessary, any induced conversion expense, at the time of conversion for the difference between the reduced conversion price per share and the original conversion price per share.
| k) | Intellectual Property
|  | Five patent applications, four non-provisional and one provisional, have been filed by the Company with the U.S. Patent Office. The patents have been granted on the four non-provisional patents.
|  | Non-Provisional (granted patents):
|  | (a) Less-lethal Projectile: This issued patent relates to the Company’s distinctive collapsible ammunition head technology that absorbs kinetic energy of the projectile upon impact. The Corporation’s collapsible head is used in both the BIP and the WEP.
|  | (b) Electronic Circuitry for Incapacitating a Living Target: This issued patent relates to the electronic circuitry incapacitation system which forms part of the WEP. The patent describes an electronic circuit which provides an electrical incapacitation current to a living target.
|  | (c) Less-lethal Wireless Stun Projectile System for Immobilizing a Target by Neuro-Muscular Disruption: This issued patent describes the process by which the WEP operates with its attachment system to halt a target through a neuro-muscular-disruption system.
|  | (d) Autonomous Operation of a Less-lethal Projectile: This patent describes a motion sensing system within the WEP. The sensor will monitor movement of the target and enable the electrical output until the target is subdued. The electrical pulse is programmed for an exact time-frame to specifications of the user.
|  | Provisional Patent:
|  | (e) Payload carrying arrangement for a non-lethal projectile: This Provisional patent relates to the process of carrying liquid and powder payloads in the head of the BIP munitions that upon impact release from the head and are dispersed upon the target.
|  | The Company’s policy has been to write off cost incurred in connection with non-provisional and provisional patent costs as they are incurred as a recoverability of such expenditure is uncertain.
| l) | Property and Equipment
|  | Property and equipment are recorded at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is provided commencing in the month following acquisition using the following annual rate and method:
| Computer equipment | 30% declining balance method
| Furniture and fixtures | 30% declining balance method
| Leasehold Improvements | Straight line over period of lease
| Molds | 20% straight line over 5 years
| m) | Impairment of Long-lived Assets
|  | Long-lived assets to be held and used are analyzed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the related carrying amounts may not be recoverable. The Company evaluates at each balance sheet date whether events and circumstances have occurred that indicate possible impairment. If there are indications of impairment, the Company uses future undiscounted cash flows of the related asset or asset group over the remaining life in measuring whether the assets are recoverable. In the event such cash flows are not expected to be sufficient to recover the recorded asset values, the assets are written down to their estimated fair value.
| n) | Inventories
|  | Inventories comprise primarily of Blunt Impact Projectiles (finished goods) and are valued at the lower of cost and net realizable value with cost being determined on the first-in, first-out basis. Costs consist of sub- contracted manufacturing costs.
| o) | Consolidation
|  | These consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Security Devices International, Inc. and entities it controls. Control exists when SDI has the power, directly or indirectly, to govern the financial and operating policies of an entity or arrangement to obtain benefit from its activities. In assessing control, potential voting rights that currently are exercisable are considered. The financial statements of the subsidiary are included in the consolidated financial statements from the date that control commences until the date that control ceases. These consolidated financial statements include the results of SDI and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Security Devices International Canada Corp.
| p) | Recent Accounting Pronouncements
|  | In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASU 2014-09”). Subsequently, the FASB issued several updates to ASU 2014-09, which are codified in Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 606 (“ASC 606”). ASC 606 also includes new guidance on costs related to a contract, which is codified in ASC Subtopic 340-40 (“ASC 340-40”). In applying ASC 606, revenue is recognized when control of promised goods or services transfers to a customer and is recognized in an amount that reflects the consideration which the entity expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. The major provisions of the new standard include: the determination of enforceable rights and obligations between parties; the identification of performance obligations including those related to material right obligations; the allocation of consideration based upon relative standalone selling price; accounting for variable consideration; the determination of whether performance obligations are satisfied over time or at a point in time; and enhanced disclosure requirements. ASC 606 will be effective for the Company beginning December 1, 2018 and permits two methods of adoption: retrospectively to each prior reporting period presented (“full retrospective method”) or retrospectively with the cumulative effect of the initial application recognized at the date of initial application (“modified retrospective method”). The Company is in the process of evaluating the amendments to determine if they have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flow.
|  | In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-01, Clarifying the Definition of a Business (“ASU 2017-01”), which requires an evaluation of whether substantially all of the fair value of assets acquired is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or a group of similar identifiable assets. If so, the transaction does not qualify as a business. The guidance also requires an acquired business to include at least one substantive process and narrows the definition of outputs. The Company is required to apply this guidance to annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those periods. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the provisions of ASU 2017-01.
|  | In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-09, "Compensation - Stock Compensation: Scope of Modification Accounting," which provides guidance about which changes to the terms or conditions of a share- based payment award require an entity to apply modification accounting. An entity will account for the effects of a modification unless the fair value of the modified award is the same as the original award, the vesting conditions of the modified award are the same as the original award and the classification of the modified award as an equity instrument or liability instrument is the same as the original award. The update is effective for fiscal year 2019. The update is to be adopted prospectively to an award modified on or after the adoption date. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is in the process of evaluating the amendments to determine if they have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flow.
|  | In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows ( Topic 230): Restricted Cash. This update requires that a statement of cash flows explain the change during the period in the total of cash, cash equivalents, and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. Therefore, amounts generally described as restricted cash would be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. This amendment is effective for public companies for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods. Early adoption is permitted. The adoption of ASU 2016-18 is not expected to have a material impact on the Company.
In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments . ASU 2016-15 provides guidance for targeted changes with respect to how cash receipts and cash payments are classified in the statements of cash flows, with the objective of reducing diversity in practice. ASU 2016-15 is effective for public companies for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted. The adoption of ASU 2016-15 is not expected to have a material impact on the Company.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for all significant accounting policies of the reporting entity. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 235 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2122369 + Details
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