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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D. C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2023

or

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission File Number: 0-23837

Surmodics, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Minnesota | 41-1356149
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

9924 West 74th Street, Eden Prairie, Minnesota 55344

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

(952) 500-7000

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class |  | Trading Symbol |  | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.05 par value |  | SRDX |  | Nasdaq Global Select Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer | ☒ | Accelerated filer | ☐ |  |
Non-accelerated filer | ☐ | Smaller reporting company | ☐ | Emerging Growth Company | ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

The number of shares of the registrant’s Common Stock, $0.05 par value per share, as of April 21, 2023 was 14,134,000.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION |
Item 1. | Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | 3
Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 20
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 30
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 30
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION |
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 31
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 31
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 31
Item 3. | Defaults Upon Senior Securities | 31
Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures | 31
Item 5. | Other Information | 31
Item 6. | Exhibits | 32
SIGNATURES |  | 33

2

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I. FINANC IAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Surmodics, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

| March 31, |  |  | September 30, |
| 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
(In thousands, except per share data) | (Unaudited) |
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |
Current Assets: |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 19,180 |  |  | $ | 18,998 |
Accounts receivable, net of allowances of $201 and $81 as of March 31, 2023 and September 30, 2022, respectively |  | 12,120 |  |  |  | 10,452 |
Contract assets — royalties and license fees |  | 7,866 |  |  |  | 7,116 |
Inventories, net |  | 13,767 |  |  |  | 11,819 |
Income tax receivable |  | — |  |  |  | 2,438 |
Prepaids and other |  | 8,311 |  |  |  | 6,764 |
Total Current Assets |  | 61,244 |  |  |  | 57,587 |
Property and equipment, net |  | 27,614 |  |  |  | 27,148 |
Intangible assets, net |  | 28,726 |  |  |  | 28,145 |
Goodwill |  | 43,823 |  |  |  | 40,710 |
Other assets |  | 4,756 |  |  |  | 4,769 |
Total Assets | $ | 166,163 |  |  | $ | 158,359 |
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY |  |  |  |  |
Current Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |
Accounts payable | $ | 3,788 |  |  | $ | 3,136 |
Accrued liabilities: |  |  |  |  |
Compensation |  | 5,533 |  |  |  | 8,929 |
Accrued other |  | 6,463 |  |  |  | 5,854 |
Short-term borrowings |  | — |  |  |  | 10,000 |
Deferred revenue |  | 3,346 |  |  |  | 4,160 |
Total Current Liabilities |  | 19,130 |  |  |  | 32,079 |
Long-term debt, net |  | 29,303 |  |  |  | — |
Deferred revenue, less current portion |  | 3,409 |  |  |  | 5,088 |
Deferred income taxes |  | 2,025 |  |  |  | 2,027 |
Other long-term liabilities |  | 9,742 |  |  |  | 10,773 |
Total Liabilities |  | 63,609 |  |  |  | 49,967 |
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 11) |  |  |  |  |
Stockholders’ Equity: |  |  |  |  |
Series A Preferred stock — $.05 par value, 450 shares authorized; no shares issued and outstanding |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Common stock — $.05 par value, 45,000 shares authorized; 14,134 and 14,029 shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2023 and September 30, 2022, respectively |  | 707 |  |  |  | 701 |
Additional paid-in capital |  | 32,446 |  |  |  | 28,774 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss |  | (3,814 | ) |  |  | (9,874 | )
Retained earnings |  | 73,215 |  |  |  | 88,791 |
Total Stockholders’ Equity |  | 102,554 |  |  |  | 108,392 |
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity | $ | 166,163 |  |  | $ | 158,359 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Surmodics, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  |  | Six Months Ended March 31, |
| 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
(In thousands, except per share data) | (Unaudited) |  | (Unaudited) |
Revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Product sales | $ | 15,350 |  |  | $ | 13,964 |  |  | $ | 29,584 |  |  | $ | 26,308 |
Royalties and license fees |  | 9,429 |  |  |  | 9,844 |  |  |  | 18,194 |  |  |  | 17,943 |
Research, development and other |  | 2,419 |  |  |  | 2,298 |  |  |  | 4,353 |  |  |  | 4,858 |
Total revenue |  | 27,198 |  |  |  | 26,106 |  |  |  | 52,131 |  |  |  | 49,109 |
Operating costs and expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Product costs |  | 5,738 |  |  |  | 5,107 |  |  |  | 11,005 |  |  |  | 9,604 |
Research and development |  | 12,924 |  |  |  | 13,712 |  |  |  | 25,667 |  |  |  | 25,375 |
Selling, general and administrative |  | 12,967 |  |  |  | 11,113 |  |  |  | 26,203 |  |  |  | 20,305 |
Acquired intangible asset amortization |  | 867 |  |  |  | 1,071 |  |  |  | 1,780 |  |  |  | 2,160 |
Restructuring expense |  | 1,282 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,282 |  |  |  | — |
Contingent consideration expense |  | 3 |  |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | 6 |  |  |  | 6 |
Total operating costs and expenses |  | 33,781 |  |  |  | 31,006 |  |  |  | 65,943 |  |  |  | 57,450 |
Operating loss |  | (6,583 | ) |  |  | (4,900 | ) |  |  | (13,812 | ) |  |  | (8,341 | )
Other expense: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense, net |  | (884 | ) |  |  | (129 | ) |  |  | (1,710 | ) |  |  | (265 | )
Foreign exchange (loss) gain |  | (75 | ) |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | (200 | ) |  |  | 35 |
Investment income, net |  | 177 |  |  |  | 25 |  |  |  | 349 |  |  |  | 51 |
Other expense |  | (782 | ) |  |  | (102 | ) |  |  | (1,561 | ) |  |  | (179 | )
Loss before income taxes |  | (7,365 | ) |  |  | (5,002 | ) |  |  | (15,373 | ) |  |  | (8,520 | )
Income tax (expense) benefit |  | (368 | ) |  |  | 919 |  |  |  | (203 | ) |  |  | 1,625 |
Net loss | $ | (7,733 | ) |  | $ | (4,083 | ) |  | $ | (15,576 | ) |  | $ | (6,895 | )
Basic net loss per share | $ | (0.55 | ) |  | $ | (0.29 | ) |  | $ | (1.11 | ) |  | $ | (0.50 | )
Diluted net loss per share | $ | (0.55 | ) |  | $ | (0.29 | ) |  | $ | (1.11 | ) |  | $ | (0.50 | )
Weighted average number of shares outstanding: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  | 14,030 |  |  |  | 13,917 |  |  |  | 14,010 |  |  |  | 13,896 |
Diluted |  | 14,030 |  |  |  | 13,917 |  |  |  | 14,010 |  |  |  | 13,896 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Surmodics, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  |  | Six Months Ended March 31, |
| 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
(In thousands) | (Unaudited) |  | (Unaudited) |
Net loss | $ | (7,733 | ) |  | $ | (4,083 | ) |  | $ | (15,576 | ) |  | $ | (6,895 | )
Other comprehensive income (loss): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivative instruments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized net loss |  | (304 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (748 | ) |  |  | — |
Net (gain) loss reclassified to earnings |  | (11 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 20 |  |  |  | — |
Net changes related to available-for-sale securities, net of tax |  | — |  |  |  | (6 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (11 | )
Foreign currency translation adjustments |  | 1,118 |  |  |  | (1,503 | ) |  |  | 6,788 |  |  |  | (3,150 | )
Other comprehensive income (loss) |  | 803 |  |  |  | (1,509 | ) |  |  | 6,060 |  |  |  | (3,161 | )
Comprehensive loss | $ | (6,930 | ) |  | $ | (5,592 | ) |  | $ | (9,516 | ) |  | $ | (10,056 | )

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Surmodics, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity

| Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 |
| (Unaudited) |  |  |  |  |  | Accumulated |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  | Additional |  |  | Other |  |  |  |  |  | Total |
| Common Stock |  |  | Paid-In |  |  | Comprehensive |  |  | Retained |  |  | Stockholders’ |
(In thousands) | Shares |  |  | Amount |  |  | Capital |  |  | (Loss) Income |  |  | Earnings |  |  | Equity |
Balance at December 31, 2022 |  | 14,126 |  |  | $ | 706 |  |  | $ | 30,224 |  |  | $ | (4,617 | ) |  | $ | 80,948 |  |  | $ | 107,261 |
Net loss |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (7,733 | ) |  |  | (7,733 | )
Other comprehensive income, net of tax |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 803 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 803 |
Issuance of common stock |  | 9 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 452 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 453 |
Common stock options exercised, net |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3 |
Purchase of common stock to pay employee taxes |  | (1 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (15 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (15 | )
Stock-based compensation |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,782 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,782 |
Balance at March 31, 2023 |  | 14,134 |  |  | $ | 707 |  |  | $ | 32,446 |  |  | $ | (3,814 | ) |  | $ | 73,215 |  |  | $ | 102,554 |
Balance at December 31, 2021 |  | 13,975 |  |  | $ | 699 |  |  | $ | 22,644 |  |  | $ | 75 |  |  | $ | 113,253 |  |  | $ | 136,671 |
Net loss |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (4,083 | ) |  |  | (4,083 | )
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1,509 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1,509 | )
Issuance of common stock |  | 10 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 371 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 372 |
Common stock options exercised, net |  | 6 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 139 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 139 |
Purchase of common stock to pay employee taxes |  | (1 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (46 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (46 | )
Stock-based compensation |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,719 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,719 |
Balance at March 31, 2022 |  | 13,990 |  |  | $ | 700 |  |  | $ | 24,827 |  |  | $ | (1,434 | ) |  | $ | 109,170 |  |  | $ | 133,263 |
| Six Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 |
| (Unaudited) |  |  |  |  |  | Accumulated |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  | Additional |  |  | Other |  |  |  |  |  | Total |
| Common Stock |  |  | Paid-In |  |  | Comprehensive |  |  | Retained |  |  | Stockholders’ |
(In thousands) | Shares |  |  | Amount |  |  | Capital |  |  | (Loss) Income |  |  | Earnings |  |  | Equity |
Balance at September 30, 2022 |  | 14,029 |  |  | $ | 701 |  |  | $ | 28,774 |  |  | $ | (9,874 | ) |  | $ | 88,791 |  |  | $ | 108,392 |
Net loss |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (15,576 | ) |  |  | (15,576 | )
Other comprehensive income, net of tax |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 6,060 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 6,060 |
Issuance of common stock |  | 112 |  |  |  | 6 |  |  |  | 447 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 453 |
Common stock options exercised, net |  | 17 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 349 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 350 |
Purchase of common stock to pay employee taxes |  | (24 | ) |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  | (871 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (872 | )
Stock-based compensation |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,747 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,747 |
Balance at March 31, 2023 |  | 14,134 |  |  | $ | 707 |  |  | $ | 32,446 |  |  | $ | (3,814 | ) |  | $ | 73,215 |  |  | $ | 102,554 |
Balance at September 30, 2021 |  | 13,899 |  |  | $ | 695 |  |  | $ | 21,598 |  |  | $ | 1,727 |  |  | $ | 116,065 |  |  | $ | 140,085 |
Net loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  | (6,895 | ) |  |  | (6,895 | )
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  | (3,161 | ) |  | — |  |  |  | (3,161 | )
Issuance of common stock |  | 91 |  |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | 367 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  | 372 |
Common stock options exercised, net |  | 20 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 368 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  | 369 |
Purchase of common stock to pay employee taxes |  | (20 | ) |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  | (905 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  | (906 | )
Stock-based compensation | — |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,399 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,399 |
Balance at March 31, 2022 |  | 13,990 |  |  | $ | 700 |  |  | $ | 24,827 |  |  | $ | (1,434 | ) |  | $ | 109,170 |  |  | $ | 133,263 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Surmodics, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

| Six Months Ended March 31, |
| 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
(In thousands) | (Unaudited) |
Operating Activities: |  |  |  |  |
Net loss | $ | (15,576 | ) |  | $ | (6,895 | )
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization |  | 4,214 |  |  |  | 4,696 |
Stock-based compensation |  | 3,747 |  |  |  | 3,399 |
Noncash lease expense |  | 321 |  |  |  | 209 |
Amortization of debt issuance costs |  | 182 |  |  |  | 23 |
Provision for credit losses |  | 121 |  |  |  | 4 |
Deferred taxes |  | (217 | ) |  |  | (1,577 | )
Other |  | 106 |  |  |  | 184 |
Change in operating assets and liabilities: |  |  |  |  |
Accounts receivable and contract assets |  | (2,346 | ) |  |  | (2,097 | )
Inventories |  | (1,948 | ) |  |  | (2,711 | )
Prepaids and other |  | (1,582 | ) |  |  | (1,899 | )
Accounts payable |  | 279 |  |  |  | 487 |
Accrued liabilities |  | (4,064 | ) |  |  | (2,035 | )
Income taxes |  | 2,629 |  |  |  | (508 | )
Deferred revenue |  | (2,493 | ) |  |  | (2,506 | )
Net cash used in operating activities |  | (16,627 | ) |  |  | (11,226 | )
Investing Activities: |  |  |  |  |
Purchases of property and equipment |  | (1,700 | ) |  |  | (1,937 | )
Maturities of available-for-sale securities |  | — |  |  |  | 7,600 |
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities |  | (1,700 | ) |  |  | 5,663 |
Financing Activities: |  |  |  |  |
Payments of short-term borrowings |  | (10,000 | ) |  |  | — |
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt |  | 29,664 |  |  |  | — |
Payments of debt issuance costs |  | (611 | ) |  |  | — |
Issuance of common stock |  | 803 |  |  |  | 741 |
Payments for taxes related to net share settlement of equity awards |  | (872 | ) |  |  | (901 | )
Payments for acquisition of in-process research and development |  | (978 | ) |  |  | (500 | )
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities |  | 18,006 |  |  |  | (660 | )
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash |  | 503 |  |  |  | (218 | )
Net change in cash and cash equivalents |  | 182 |  |  |  | (6,441 | )
Cash and Cash Equivalents: |  |  |  |  |
Beginning of period |  | 18,998 |  |  |  | 31,153 |
End of period | $ | 19,180 |  |  | $ | 24,712 |
Supplemental Information: |  |  |  |  |
Cash paid for income taxes | $ | 10 |  |  | $ | 392 |
Cash paid for interest |  | 1,393 |  |  |  | 163 |
Noncash investing and financing activities: |  |  |  |  |
Acquisition of property and equipment, net of refundable credits in other current assets and liabilities |  | 355 |  |  |  | 105 |
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities |  | — |  |  |  | 1,620 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Surmodics, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Period Ended March 31, 2023

(Unaudited)

1. Organization

Description of Business

Surmodics, Inc. and subsidiaries (referred to as “Surmodics,” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” “our” and other like terms) is a leading provider of performance coating technologies for intravascular medical devices and chemical and biological components for in vitro diagnostic (“IVD”) immunoassay tests and microarrays. Surmodics develops and commercializes highly differentiated vascular intervention medical devices that are designed to address unmet clinical needs and engineered to the most demanding requirements. This key growth strategy leverages the combination of the Company’s expertise in proprietary surface modification and drug-delivery coating technologies, along with its device design, development and manufacturing capabilities. The Company’s mission is to improve the detection and treatment of disease. Surmodics is headquartered in Eden Prairie, Minnesota.

Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include all accounts and wholly-owned subsidiaries and have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. (“GAAP”). All intercompany transactions have been eliminated. The Company operates on a fiscal year ending on September 30. In accordance with the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), the Company has omitted footnote disclosures that would substantially duplicate the disclosures contained in the audited consolidated financial statements of the Company. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read together with the audited consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2022, and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K as filed with the SEC.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Ultimate results could differ from those estimates. The results of operations for the three and six months ended March 31, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the entire 2023 fiscal year.

Certain reclassifications have been made to the prior year's consolidated financial statements to conform to the current year presentation.

New Accounting Pronouncements

No new accounting pronouncement issued or effective has had, or is expected to have, a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

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2. Revenue

The following table presents the Company’s revenues disaggregated by product classification and by reportable segment.

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  |  | Six Months Ended March 31, |
(In thousands) | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Medical Device |  |  |  |  |
Product sales | $ | 7,914 |  |  | $ | 6,441 |  |  | $ | 16,294 |  |  | $ | 13,229 |
Royalties |  | 8,073 |  |  |  | 8,358 |  |  |  | 15,482 |  |  |  | 15,244 |
License fees |  | 1,356 |  |  |  | 1,486 |  |  |  | 2,712 |  |  |  | 2,699 |
Research, development and other |  | 2,364 |  |  |  | 2,168 |  |  |  | 4,237 |  |  |  | 4,189 |
Medical Device Revenue |  | 19,707 |  |  |  | 18,453 |  |  |  | 38,725 |  |  |  | 35,361 |
In Vitro Diagnostics |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Product sales |  | 7,436 |  |  |  | 7,523 |  |  |  | 13,290 |  |  |  | 13,079 |
Research, development and other |  | 55 |  |  |  | 130 |  |  |  | 116 |  |  |  | 669 |
In Vitro Diagnostics Revenue |  | 7,491 |  |  |  | 7,653 |  |  |  | 13,406 |  |  |  | 13,748 |
Total Revenue | $ | 27,198 |  |  | $ | 26,106 |  |  | $ | 52,131 |  |  | $ | 49,109 |

Contract assets totaled $7.9 million and $7.1 million as of March 31, 2023 and September 30, 2022, respectively, on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Fluctuations in the balance of contract assets result primarily from changes in sales-based and minimum royalties earned, but not collected, at each balance sheet date due to payment timing and contractual changes in the normal course of business. For discussion of contract liability (deferred revenue) balances and remaining performance obligations, see Note 3 Collaborative Arrangement.

3. Collaborative Arrangement

On February 26, 2018, the Company entered into an agreement with Abbott Vascular, Inc. (“Abbott”) whereby Abbott has exclusive worldwide commercialization rights for Surmodics' SurVeil TM drug-coated balloon (“DCB”) to treat the superficial femoral artery (the “Abbott Agreement”). In accordance with the Abbott Agreement, the Company has filed a premarket approval (“PMA”) application for the SurVeil DCB with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA” or the “Agency”) as of March 31, 2023. In January 2023, the FDA issued a letter to the Company indicating that the PMA application was not approvable based on the information submitted to the Agency to that time. Following receipt of the letter, the Company has been in communications with the FDA to obtain clarity on the requirements to put the application in approvable form. The Company plans to prepare an amendment to its PMA application based on its communications with the FDA.

Surmodics is responsible for conducting all necessary clinical trials and other activities required to achieve U.S. regulatory clearance for the SurVeil DCB, including completion of the ongoing TRANSCEND pivotal clinical trial. Abbott and Surmodics participate on a joint development committee charged with providing guidance on the Company’s clinical and regulatory activities with regard to the SurVeil DCB product. Upon receipt of U.S. regulatory approval for our SurVeil DCB, Abbott will have the right to purchase commercial units from the Company, and Surmodics will realize revenue from product sales to Abbott at an agreed-upon transfer price, as well as a share of net profits resulting from third-party product sales by Abbott.

As of March 31, 2023, the Company had received payments totaling $60.8 million under the Abbott Agreement, which consist of the following: (i) $25 million upfront fee in fiscal 2018, (ii) $10 million milestone payment in fiscal 2019, (iii) $10.8 million milestone payment in fiscal 2020, and (iv) $15 million milestone payment in fiscal 2021. As of March 31, 2023, the Abbott Agreement provides that the Company may receive an additional contingent milestone payment upon PMA of our SurVeil DCB of $27 million (if PMA is received prior to June 30, 2023) or $24 million (if PMA is received on or after June 30, 2023). As of March 31, 2023, consideration from this potential regulatory milestone was fully excluded from the contract price (i.e., deemed fully constrained) due to the high level of uncertainty of achievement as of March 31, 2023. If PMA is not received by December 31, 2023, Abbott may terminate the Abbott Agreement and would have no further obligation to make the potential regulatory milestone payment after termination. In the period of termination, deferred revenue on the condensed consolidated balance sheets related to payments received under the Abbott Agreement would be recognized as revenue.

Revenue recognized from the Abbott Agreement totaled $1.3 million and $1.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $2.6 million for both the six months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022. The amount of revenue recognized from the Abbott Agreement that was included in the respective beginning of fiscal year balances of deferred revenue on the condensed consolidated balance sheets totaled $2.6 million for both the six months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.

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As of March 31, 2023 and September 30, 2022, deferred revenue on the condensed consolidated balance sheets included $6.6 million and $9.2 million, respectively, related to payments received under the Abbott Agreement. The $6.6 million in deferred revenue as of March 31, 2023, which represents the Company’s performance obligations that are unsatisfied for executed contracts with an original duration of one year, is expected to be recognized as revenue over the next three years through fiscal 2025 as services, principally the TRANSCEND clinical trial, are completed.

4. Fair Value Measurements

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis by level of the fair value hierarchy were as follows:

| March 31, 2023 |
(In thousands) | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Instruments (Level 1) |  |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |  |  | Total Fair Value |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash equivalents (1) | $ | — |  |  | $ | 15,309 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 15,309 |
Total assets | $ | — |  |  | $ | 15,309 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 15,309 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Contingent consideration (2) | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 835 |  |  | $ | 835 |
Interest rate swap (3) |  | — |  |  |  | 728 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 728 |
Total liabilities | $ | — |  |  | $ | 728 |  |  | $ | 835 |  |  | $ | 1,563 |

| September 30, 2022 |
(In thousands) | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Instruments (Level 1) |  |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |  |  | Total Fair Value |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash equivalents (1) | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,035 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,035 |
Total assets | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,035 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,035 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Contingent consideration (2) | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 829 |  |  | $ | 829 |
Total liabilities | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 829 |  |  | $ | 829 |

(1)
Fair value of cash equivalents (money market funds) is based on quoted vendor prices and broker pricing where all significant inputs are observable.
(2)
Fair value of contingent consideration liabilities was determined based on discounted cash flow analyses that included probability and timing of development and regulatory milestone achievements and a discount rate, which are considered significant unobservable inputs as of both March 31, 2023 and September 30, 2022.
(3)
Fair value of interest rate swap is based on forward-looking, one-month term secured overnight financing rate (“Term SOFR”) spot rates and interest rate curves (Note 7).

Contingent consideration liabilities are remeasured to fair value each reporting period using discount rates, probabilities of payment and projected payment dates. Increases or decreases in the fair value of the contingent consideration liability can result from changes in the timing or likelihood of achieving milestones and changes in discount periods and rates. Projected contingent payment amounts are discounted back to the current period using a discount cash flow model. Interest accretion and fair value adjustments associated with contingent consideration liabilities are reported in contingent consideration expense (gain) on the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

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Changes in the contingent consideration liabilities measured at fair value using Level 3 inputs were as follows:

(In thousands) |  |
Contingent consideration liability at September 30, 2022 | $ | 829 |
Additions |  | — |
Fair value adjustments |  | — |
Settlements |  | — |
Interest accretion |  | 6 |
Foreign currency translation |  | — |
Contingent consideration liability at March 31, 2023 | $ | 835 |

Contingent consideration liabilities were associated with the fiscal 2021 acquisition of Vetex Medical Limited ("Vetex") and were included in other long-term liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

5. Supplemental Balance Sheet Information

Inventories

Inventories consisted of the following components:

| March 31, |  |  | September 30, |
(In thousands) | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Raw materials | $ | 8,262 |  |  | $ | 6,102 |
Work-in process |  | 2,083 |  |  |  | 1,595 |
Finished products |  | 3,422 |  |  |  | 4,122 |
Total | $ | 13,767 |  |  | $ | 11,819 |

Prepaids and Other Assets, Current

Prepaids and other current assets consisted of the following:

| March 31, |  |  | September 30, |
(In thousands) | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Prepaid expenses | $ | 4,034 |  |  | $ | 2,570 |
Irish research and development credits receivable |  | 836 |  |  |  | 753 |
CARES Act employee retention credit receivable (1) |  | 3,441 |  |  |  | 3,441 |
Prepaids and other | $ | 8,311 |  |  | $ | 6,764 |

(1)
Receivable consisted of anticipated reimbursement of personnel expenses incurred in fiscal periods prior to fiscal 2023 as a result of our eligibility for the employee retention credit under the provisions of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”).

Intangible Assets

Intangible assets consisted of the following:

| March 31, 2023 |
(Dollars in thousands) | Weighted Average Original Life (Years) |  |  | Gross Carrying Amount |  |  | Accumulated Amortization |  |  | Net |
Definite-lived intangible assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Customer lists and relationships |  | 8.9 |  |  | $ | 12,476 |  |  | $ | (10,160 | ) |  | $ | 2,316 |
Developed technology |  | 11.9 |  |  |  | 34,708 |  |  |  | (9,883 | ) |  |  | 24,825 |
Patents and other |  | 14.1 |  |  |  | 3,551 |  |  |  | (2,546 | ) |  |  | 1,005 |
Total definite-lived intangible assets |  |  |  |  | 50,735 |  |  |  | (22,589 | ) |  |  | 28,146 |
Unamortized intangible assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Trademarks and trade names |  |  |  |  | 580 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 580 |
Total intangible assets |  |  |  | $ | 51,315 |  |  | $ | (22,589 | ) |  | $ | 28,726 |

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| September 30, 2022 |
(Dollars in thousands) | Weighted Average Original Life (Years) |  |  | Gross Carrying Amount |  |  | Accumulated Amortization |  |  | Net |
Definite-lived intangible assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Customer lists and relationships |  | 8.9 |  |  | $ | 11,354 |  |  | $ | (8,827 | ) |  | $ | 2,527 |
Developed technology |  | 11.9 |  |  |  | 31,943 |  |  |  | (7,994 | ) |  |  | 23,949 |
Patents and other |  | 14.1 |  |  |  | 3,551 |  |  |  | (2,462 | ) |  |  | 1,089 |
Total definite-lived intangible assets |  |  |  |  | 46,848 |  |  |  | (19,283 | ) |  |  | 27,565 |
Unamortized intangible assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Trademarks and trade names |  |  |  |  | 580 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 580 |
Total intangible assets |  |  |  | $ | 47,428 |  |  | $ | (19,283 | ) |  | $ | 28,145 |

Intangible asset amortization expense was $0.9 million and $1.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $1.9 million and $2.3 million for the six months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Based on the intangible assets in service as of March 31, 2023, estimated amortization expense for future fiscal years was as follows:

(In thousands) |  |
Remainder of 2023 | $ | 1,888 |
2024 |  | 3,777 |
2025 |  | 3,741 |
2026 |  | 2,844 |
2027 |  | 2,593 |
2028 |  | 2,582 |
Thereafter |  | 10,721 |
Definite-lived intangible assets | $ | 28,146 |

Future amortization amounts presented above are estimates. Actual future amortization expense may be different as a result of future acquisitions, impairments, changes in amortization periods, foreign currency translation rates, or other factors.

Goodwill

Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by segment were as follows:

(In thousands) | In Vitro Diagnostics |  |  | Medical Device |  |  | Total |
Goodwill as of September 30, 2022 | $ | 8,010 |  |  | $ | 32,700 |  |  | $ | 40,710 |
Currency translation adjustment |  | — |  |  |  | 3,113 |  |  |  | 3,113 |
Goodwill as of March 31, 2023 | $ | 8,010 |  |  | $ | 35,813 |  |  | $ | 43,823 |

Other Assets, Noncurrent

Other noncurrent assets consisted of the following:

| March 31, |  |  | September 30, |
(In thousands) | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Operating lease right-of-use assets | $ | 3,319 |  |  | $ | 3,633 |
Other |  | 1,437 |  |  |  | 1,136 |
Other assets | $ | 4,756 |  |  | $ | 4,769 |

Other noncurrent assets consisted primarily of prepaid expenses and receivables related to refundable Irish research and development tax credits.

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Accrued Other Liabilities

Accrued other liabilities consisted of the following:

| March 31, |  |  | September 30, |
(In thousands) | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Accrued professional fees | $ | 413 |  |  | $ | 279 |
Accrued clinical study expense |  | 1,896 |  |  |  | 1,425 |
Accrued purchases |  | 1,297 |  |  |  | 1,655 |
Acquisition of in-process research and development (1) |  | 967 |  |  |  | 981 |
Income tax payable |  | 36 |  |  |  | — |
Restructuring (2) |  | 308 |  |  |  | — |
Operating lease liability, current portion |  | 1,044 |  |  |  | 963 |
Other |  | 502 |  |  |  | 551 |
Total accrued other liabilities | $ | 6,463 |  |  | $ | 5,854 |

(1)
Acquisition of in-process research and development consisted of the present value of guaranteed payments to be made (current portion) in connection with an asset acquisition in fiscal 2018 (Note 11).
(2)
Restructuring consisted of accrued severance and related expenses associated with a workforce restructuring initiated in the second quarter of fiscal 2023 (Note 12).

Other Long-term Liabilities

Other long-term liabilities consisted of the following:

| March 31, |  |  | September 30, |
(In thousands) | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Deferred consideration (1) | $ | 3,404 |  |  | $ | 4,260 |
Contingent consideration (2) |  | 835 |  |  |  | 829 |
Unrecognized tax benefits (3) |  | 1,997 |  |  |  | 1,841 |
Operating lease liabilities (4) |  | 3,317 |  |  |  | 3,843 |
Other |  | 189 |  |  |  | — |
Other long-term liabilities | $ | 9,742 |  |  | $ | 10,773 |

(1)
Deferred consideration consisted of the present value of guaranteed payments to be made (noncurrent portion) in connection with the fiscal 2021 Vetex acquisition and with an asset acquisition in fiscal 2018 (Note 11).
(2)
Contingent consideration consisted of the fair value of contingent consideration liabilities associated with the fiscal 2021 Vetex acquisition (Note 11).
(3)
Balance of unrecognized tax benefits (Note 10) includes accrued interest and penalties, if applicable.
(4)
Operating lease liabilities consisted of the non-current portion of the net present value of future minimum lease payments, reduced by the discounted value of leasehold improvement incentives paid or payable to the Company.

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6. Debt

Debt consisted of the following:

| March 31, |  |  | September 30, |
(In thousands) | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Short-term borrowings (1) | $ | — |  |  | $ | 10,000 |
Revolving Credit Facility, Term SOFR + 3.00%, maturing October 1, 2027 | $ | 5,000 |  |  | $ | — |
Tranche 1 Term Loans, Term SOFR +5.75%, maturing October 1, 2027 |  | 25,000 |  |  |  | — |
Long-term debt, gross |  | 30,000 |  |  |  | — |
Less: Unamortized debt issuance costs |  | (697 | ) |  |  | — |
Long-term debt, net | $ | 29,303 |  |  | $ | — |

(1)
Consisted of the outstanding balance on the secured revolving credit facility with Bridgewater Bank; this balance was repaid and the credit agreement terminated on October 14, 2022. For further information, refer to the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2022.

On October 14, 2022, the Company entered into a secured revolving credit facility and secured term loan facilities pursuant to a Credit, Security and Guaranty Agreement (the “MidCap Credit Agreement”) with Mid Cap Funding IV Trust, as agent, and MidCap Financial Trust, as term loan servicer and the lenders from time to time party thereto. The MidCap Credit Agreement provides for availability under a secured revolving line of credit of up to $25.0 million (the “Revolving Credit Facility”), and proceeds may be used for transaction fees and for working capital needs and general corporate purposes. Availability under the Revolving Credit Facility is subject to a borrowing base.

The MidCap Credit Agreement also provides for up to $75.0 million in term loans (the “Term Loans”), consisting of a $25.0 million Tranche 1 (“Tranche 1”) and a $50.0 million Tranche 2 (“Tranche 2”), which may be drawn in increments of at least $10.0 million. In addition, after the closing and prior to December 31, 2024, the Term Loan lenders may, in their sole discretion, fund an additional tranche of Term Loans of up to $25.0 million upon the written request of the Company. Upon closing, the Company borrowed $25.0 million of Tranche 1, borrowed $5.0 million on the Revolving Credit Facility, and used approximately $10.0 million of the proceeds to repay borrowings under the revolving credit facility with Bridgewater Bank, and intends to use the remaining proceeds to fund working capital needs and other general corporate purposes. Until December 31, 2024, the Company will be eligible to borrow Tranche 2 at the Company’s option upon meeting certain conditions set forth in the MidCap Credit Agreement, including having no less than $60.0 million of rolling-four-quarter core net revenue as of the end of the prior fiscal quarter. Core net revenue is defined in the MidCap Credit Agreement as the sum of revenue from our In Vitro Diagnostics segment and revenues from performance coating technologies in our Medical Device segment.

Pursuant to the MidCap Credit Agreement, the Company provided a first priority security interest in all existing and future acquired assets, including intellectual property and real estate, owned by the Company. The MidCap Credit Agreement contains certain covenants that limit the Company’s ability to engage in certain transactions. Subject to certain limited exceptions, these covenants limit the Company’s ability to, among other things:

•
create, incur, assume or permit to exist any additional indebtedness, or create, incur, allow or permit to exist any additional liens;
•
enter into any amendment or other modification of certain agreements;
•
effect certain changes in the Company’s business, fiscal year, management, entity name or business locations;
•
liquidate or dissolve, merge with or into, or consolidate with, any other company;
•
pay cash dividends on, make any other distributions in respect of, or redeem, retire or repurchase, any shares of the Company’s capital stock;
•
make certain investments, other than limited permitted acquisitions; and
•
enter into transactions with the Company’s affiliates.

The MidCap Credit Agreement also contains customary indemnification obligations and customary events of default, including, among other things, (i) non-payment, (ii) breach of warranty, (iii) non-performance of covenants and obligations, (iv) default on other indebtedness, (v) judgments, (vi) change of control, (vii) bankruptcy and insolvency, (viii) impairment of security, (ix) termination of a pension plan, (x) regulatory matters, and (xi) material adverse effect.

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In addition, the Company must maintain minimum core net revenue levels tested quarterly to the extent that Term Loans advanced under the MidCap Credit Agreement exceed $25.0 million. In the event of default under the MidCap Credit Agreement, the Company would be required to pay interest on principal and all other due and unpaid obligations at the current rate in effect plus 2%.

Borrowings under the MidCap Credit Agreement bear interest at the forward-looking, one-month secured overnight financing rate (“Term SOFR”) as published by CME Group Benchmark Administration Limited plus 0.10% (“Adjusted Term SOFR”). The Revolving Credit Facility bears interest at an annual rate equal to 3.00% plus the greater of Adjusted Term SOFR or 1.50%, and the Term Loans bear interest at an annual rate equal to 5.75% plus the greater of Adjusted Term SOFR or 1.50%. The Company is required to make monthly interest payments on the Revolving Credit Facility with the entire principal payment due at maturity. The Company is required to make 48 monthly interest payments on the Term Loans beginning on November 1, 2022 (the “Interest-Only Period”). If the Company is in covenant compliance at the end of the Interest-Only Period, the Company will have the option to extend the Interest-Only Period through maturity with the entire principal payment due at maturity. If the Company is not in covenant compliance at the end of the Interest-Only Period, the Company is required to make 12 months of straight-line amortization payments with the entire principal amount due at maturity.

Subject to certain limitations, the Term Loans have a prepayment fee for payments made prior to the maturity date equal to 3.0% of the prepaid principal amount for the first year following the closing date of the MidCap Credit Agreement, 2.0% of the prepaid principal amount for the second year following the closing date and 1.0% of the prepaid principal amount for the third year following the closing date and thereafter. In addition, if the Revolving Credit Facility is terminated in whole or in part prior to the maturity date, the Company must pay a prepayment fee equal to 3.0% of the terminated commitment amount for the first year following the closing date of the MidCap Credit Agreement, 2.0% of the terminated commitment amount for the second year following the closing date of the MidCap Credit Agreement and 1.0% of the terminated commitment amount for the third year following the closing date and thereafter. The Company is also required to pay a full exit fee at the time of maturity or full prepayment event equal to 2.5% of the aggregate principal amount of the Term Loans made pursuant to the MidCap Credit Agreement and a partial exit fee at the time of any partial prepayment event equal to 2.5% of the amount prepaid. This exit fee is accreted over the remaining term of the Term Loans. The Company also is obligated to pay customary origination fees at the time of each funding of the Term Loans and a customary annual administrative fee based on the amount borrowed under the Term Loan, due on an annual basis. The customary fees on the Revolving Credit Facility include (i) an origination fee based on the commitment amount, which was paid on the closing date, (ii) an annual collateral management fee of 0.50% per annum based on the outstanding balance of the Revolving Credit Facility, payable monthly in arrears and (iii) an unused line fee of 0.50% per annum based on the average unused portion of the Revolving Credit Facility, payable monthly in arrears. The Company must also maintain a minimum balance of no less than 20% of availability under the Revolving Credit Facility or a minimum balance fee applies of 0.50% per annum. Expenses recognized for fees for the Revolving Credit Facility and Term Loans are reported in interest expense, net on the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

7. Derivative Financial Instruments

We periodically enter into interest rate swaps with major financial institutions of high credit quality to mitigate exposure to changes in interest rates on our floating-rate indebtedness. Since the fair value of these interest rate swaps is derived from current market rates, they are classified as derivative financial instruments. We do not use derivatives for speculative or trading purposes.

When the Company has multiple derivative financial instruments with the same counterparty subject to a master netting arrangement, we have elected to offset the amounts: (i) recorded as assets and liabilities and (ii) amounts recognized for the right to reclaim cash collateral we have deposited with the counterparty (i.e., cash collateral receivable). Such offset amounts are presented as either a net asset or liability by counterparty on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Cash Flow Hedge — Interest Rate Swap

On October 14, 2022, we entered into a floating-to-fixed interest rate swap agreement to mitigate exposure to interest rate increases related to our Term Loans. See Note 6 Debt for further information on our financing arrangements. The total notional amount of the interest rate swap was $25 million as of March 31, 2023. The interest rate swap agreement expires October 1, 2027. As a result of this agreement, every month we pay fixed interest at 4.455% in exchange for interest received at Term SOFR, and the fixed interest rate per annum on the first $25 million of notional value of the Term Loans will be 10.205% through its maturity. The interest rate swap agreement requires the Company to make deposits of cash collateral, which may increase or be refunded commensurate with fluctuations in current and forecasted interest rates. We have the contractual right to reclaim this cash collateral receivable.

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The interest rate swap has been designated as a cash flow hedge. Consequently, changes in the fair value of the interest rate swap are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss ("AOCL") within stockholders' equity on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The unrealized (losses) gains on the interest rate swap associated with the interest payments on the Term Loans that are still forecasted to occur are included in AOCL. These (losses) gains will be reclassified into interest expense on the condensed consolidated statements of operations over the life of the swap agreement as the hedged interest payments occur. Upon termination of the derivative instrument or a change in the hedged item, any remaining fair value recorded on the condensed consolidated balance sheets will be recorded as interest expense consistent with the cash flows associated with the underlying hedged item. Cash flows associated with the interest rate swap are included in cash flows from operating activities on the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.

The net fair value of designated hedge derivatives subject to master netting arrangements reported on the condensed consolidated balance sheets was as follows:

| Asset (Liability)
(In thousands) | Gross Recognized Amount |  |  | Gross Offset Amount |  |  | Net Amount Presented |  |  | Cash Collateral Receivable |  |  | Net Amount Reported |  |  | Balance Sheet Location
March 31, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate swap | $ | (728 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (728 | ) |  | $ | 539 |  |  | $ | (189 | ) |  | Other long-term liabilities
September 30, 2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
— | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | —

The pretax amounts recognized in AOCL on the interest rate swap were as follows:

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  |  | Six Months Ended March 31, |
(In thousands) | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Beginning unrealized net loss in AOCL | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Net loss recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) |  | (304 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (748 | ) |  |  | — |
Net loss reclassified into interest expense |  | (11 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 20 |  |  |  | — |
Ending unrealized net loss in AOCL | $ | (315 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (728 | ) |  | $ | — |

8. Stock-based Compensation Plans

The Company has stock-based compensation plans approved by its shareholders under which it grants stock options, restricted stock awards, restricted stock units and deferred stock units to officers, directors and key employees. Stock-based compensation expense was reported as follows in the condensed consolidated statements of operations:

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  |  | Six Months Ended March 31, |
(In thousands) | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Product costs | $ | 72 |  |  | $ | 78 |  |  | $ | 139 |  |  | $ | 108 |
Research and development |  | 329 |  |  |  | 296 |  |  |  | 703 |  |  |  | 731 |
Selling, general and administrative |  | 1,381 |  |  |  | 1,345 |  |  |  | 2,905 |  |  |  | 2,560 |
Total | $ | 1,782 |  |  | $ | 1,719 |  |  | $ | 3,747 |  |  | $ | 3,399 |

As of March 31, 2023, unrecognized compensation costs related to non-vested awards totaled approximately $14.3 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 2.5 years.

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Stock Option Awards

T he Company awards stock options to officers, directors and key employees and uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to determine the fair value of stock options as of the date of each grant. Stock option grant activity was as follows:

| Six Months Ended March 31, |
| 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Stock option grant activity: |  |  |  |  |
Stock options granted |  | 293,000 |  |  |  | 283,000 |
Weighted average grant date fair value | $ | 15.27 |  |  | $ | 16.36 |
Weighted average exercise price | $ | 35.40 |  |  | $ | 43.72 |

Restricted Stock Awards

During the six months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company awarded 99,000 and 83,000 restricted stock shares, respectively, to certain key employees and officers with a weighted average grant date fair value per share of $36.05 and $43.87, respectively. Restricted Stock is valued based on the market value of the shares as of the date of grant.

Restricted Stock Unit Awards

During each of the six months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company awarded 16,000 and 14,000 restricted stock units (“RSUs”) to directors and to key employees in foreign jurisdictions with a weighted average grant date fair value per unit of $31.72 and $42.79, respectively. RSUs are valued based on the market value of the shares as of the date of grant.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

Our U.S. employees are eligible to participate in the amended 1999 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”) approved by our shareholders. During the six months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, 23,000 and 10,000 shares were issued under the ESPP, respectively.

9. Net Loss Per Share Data

Basic net loss per common share is calculated by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of common and common equivalent shares outstanding during the period. The Company’s potentially dilutive common shares are those that result from dilutive common stock options and non-vested stock relating to restricted stock awards and restricted stock units. The calculation of diluted loss per share excluded 0.1 million in weighted-average shares for each of the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 and 0.1 million and 0.2 million weighted-average shares for the six months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, as their effect was anti-dilutive as a result of the net loss incurred for those periods. Therefore, diluted weighted average number of shares outstanding and diluted net loss per share were the same as basic weighted average number of shares outstanding and net loss per share for the three and six months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.

The following table presents the denominator for the computation of diluted weighted average shares outstanding:

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  |  | Six Months Ended March 31, |
(In thousands) | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Basic weighted average shares outstanding |  | 14,030 |  |  |  | 13,917 |  |  |  | 14,010 |  |  |  | 13,896 |
Dilutive effect of outstanding stock options, non-vested restricted stock, and non-vested restricted stock units |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding |  | 14,030 |  |  |  | 13,917 |  |  |  | 14,010 |  |  |  | 13,896 |

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10. Income Taxes

For interim income tax reporting, the Company estimates its annual effective tax rate and applies it to fiscal year-to-date pretax loss, excluding unusual or infrequently occurring discrete items. Tax jurisdictions with losses for which tax benefits cannot be realized are excluded. The Company reported an income tax expense of $(0.4) million and income tax benefit of $0.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. For the six months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company reported income tax expense of $(0.2) million and income tax benefit of $1.6 million, respectively.

Each reporting period, we evaluate the realizability of our net deferred tax assets and perform an assessment of both positive and negative evidence. Based on our evaluation of all available positive and negative evidence, and by placing greater weight on the objective negative evidence associated with our three-year cumulative U.S. pre-tax loss adjusted for permanent adjustments, we determined, as of March 31, 2023 and September 30, 2022, that it is more likely than not that our net U.S. deferred tax assets will not be realized. Accordingly, a full valuation allowance is recorded against our net U.S. deferred tax assets as of March 31, 2023 and September 30, 2022. Due to significant estimates used to establish the valuation allowance and the potential for changes in facts and circumstances, it is reasonably possible that we will be required to record additional adjustments to the valuation allowance in future reporting periods that could have a material effect on our results of operations.

In addition to the impact of the valuation allowance against our U.S. deferred tax assets, recurring items cause our effective tax rate to differ from the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21%, including U.S. federal and Irish R&D credits, Irish and U.S. state tax rates, and excess tax benefits associated with stock-based compensation.

Beginning in our fiscal 2023, certain research and development costs are required to be capitalized and amortized over a five-year period under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act enacted in December 2017. This change will impact the expected U.S. federal and state income tax expense and cash taxes to be paid for our fiscal 2023.

The Company recognized discrete tax benefits related to stock-based compensation awards vested, expired, canceled and exercised of less than $0.1 million for each of the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 and less than $0.1 million and $0.1 million for the six months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The total amount of unrecognized tax benefits, excluding interest and penalties that, if recognized, would affect the effective tax rate was $2.9 million and $2.5 million as of March 31, 2023 and September 30, 2022, respectively. Interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits are recorded in the income tax (expense) benefit.

The Company files income tax returns, including returns for its subsidiaries, in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and in various state jurisdictions, as well as several non-U.S. jurisdictions. Uncertain tax positions are related to tax years that remain subject to examination. The Internal Revenue Service commenced an examination of the Company’s fiscal 2019 U.S. federal tax return in fiscal 2022; the examination has not been completed. U.S. federal income tax returns for years prior to fiscal 2019 are no longer subject to examination by federal tax authorities. For tax returns for U.S. state and local jurisdictions, the Company is no longer subject to examination for tax years generally before fiscal 2012. For tax returns for non-U.S. jurisdictions, the Company is no longer subject to income tax examination for years prior to 2018. Additionally, the Company has been indemnified of liability for any taxes relating to Creagh Medical, Ltd.; NorMedix, Inc.; and Vetex for periods prior to the respective acquisition dates, pursuant to the terms of the related share purchase agreements. There were no undistributed earnings in foreign subsidiaries as of March 31, 2023 and September 30, 2022.

11. Commitments and Contingencies

Clinical Trials. The Company has engaged clinical trial clinical research organization (“CRO”) consultants to assist with the administration of its ongoing clinical trials. The Company executed separate contracts with two CROs for services in connection with the TRANSCEND pivotal clinical trial for the SurVeil DCB, including pass-through expenses paid by the CROs, of up to approximately $30 million in the aggregate. As of March 31, 2023, an estimated $2 million remains to be paid on one of these contracts, which may vary depending on actual pass-through expenses incurred to execute the trial. The Company estimates that the total cost of the TRANSCEND clinical trial will be in the range of $37 million to $40 million from inception to completion. In the event the Company were to terminate any trial, it may incur certain financial penalties which would become payable to the CRO for costs to wind down the terminated trial.

Asset Acquisitions. In fiscal 2018, the Company acquired certain intellectual property assets of Embolitech, LLC (the “Embolitech Transaction”). As part of the Embolitech Transaction, the Company paid the sellers $5.0 million in fiscal 2018, $1.0 million in fiscal 2020, $1.0 million in fiscal 2021, $0.5 million in fiscal 2022, and $1.0 million in the second quarter of fiscal 2023. The Company is obligated to pay an additional installment of $1.0 million in fiscal 2024, which may be accelerated upon the occurrence of certain sales and regulatory milestones. An additional $1.0 million payment is contingent upon the achievement of certain regulatory milestones within a contingency period ending in 2033.

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Vetex Acquisition. In fiscal 2021, Surmodics acquired all of the outstanding shares of Vetex with an upfront cash payment of $39.9 million. The Company is obligated to pay additional installments totaling $3.5 million in fiscal 2024 through fiscal 2027. These payments may be accelerated upon the occurrence of certain product development and regulatory milestones. An additional $3.5 million in payments is contingent upon the achievement of certain product development and regulatory milestones within a contingency period ending in fiscal 2027.

12. Restructuring

In the second quarter of fiscal 2023, we initiated a spending reduction plan intended to preserve capital and more closely align our capital allocation priorities with our strategic objectives, which included a workforce restructuring in our Medical Device segment. As a result, for the three and six months ended March 31, 2023, we recorded $1.3 million in severance and related charges in restructuring expense on our condensed consolidated statements of operations, which represented the total estimated expense as of March 31, 2023 expected to be incurred associated with the workforce restructuring. Restructuring expense accruals included in accrued other liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets was as follows:

(In thousands) |  |
Restructuring expense accruals as of September 30, 2022 | $ | — |
Restructuring expense |  | 1,282 |
Payments |  | (974 | )
Other adjustments |  | — |
Currency translation |  | — |
Restructuring expense accruals as of March 31, 2023 | $ | 308 |

Restructuring expense accruals as of March 31, 2023 are expected to be paid during the second half of fiscal 2023.

13. Segment Information

Segment revenue, operating loss, and depreciation and amortization were as follows:

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  |  | Six Months Ended March 31, |
(In thousands) | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Medical Device | $ | 19,707 |  |  | $ | 18,453 |  |  | $ | 38,725 |  |  | $ | 35,361 |
In Vitro Diagnostics |  | 7,491 |  |  |  | 7,653 |  |  |  | 13,406 |  |  |  | 13,748 |
Total revenue | $ | 27,198 |  |  | $ | 26,106 |  |  | $ | 52,131 |  |  | $ | 49,109 |
Operating (loss) income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Medical Device | $ | (7,059 | ) |  | $ | (5,612 | ) |  | $ | (14,294 | ) |  | $ | (9,404 | )
In Vitro Diagnostics |  | 3,636 |  |  |  | 3,720 |  |  |  | 6,584 |  |  |  | 6,875 |
Total segment operating (loss) income |  | (3,423 | ) |  |  | (1,892 | ) |  |  | (7,710 | ) |  |  | (2,529 | )
Corporate |  | (3,160 | ) |  |  | (3,008 | ) |  |  | (6,102 | ) |  |  | (5,812 | )
Total operating (loss) income | $ | (6,583 | ) |  | $ | (4,900 | ) |  | $ | (13,812 | ) |  | $ | (8,341 | )
Depreciation and amortization: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Medical Device | $ | 1,933 |  |  | $ | 2,133 |  |  | $ | 3,886 |  |  | $ | 4,327 |
In Vitro Diagnostics |  | 75 |  |  |  | 86 |  |  |  | 152 |  |  |  | 172 |
Corporate |  | 84 |  |  |  | 101 |  |  |  | 176 |  |  |  | 197 |
Total depreciation and amortization | $ | 2,092 |  |  | $ | 2,320 |  |  | $ | 4,214 |  |  | $ | 4,696 |

The Corporate category includes expenses that are not fully allocated to the Medical Device and In Vitro Diagnostics segments. These Corporate costs are related to administrative corporate functions, such as executive management, corporate accounting, information technology, legal, human resources and Board of Directors. Corporate may also include expenses, such as acquisition-related costs and litigation, which are not specific to a segment and thus not allocated to the reportable segments.

Asset information by segment is not presented because the Company does not provide its chief operating decision maker assets by segment, as the data is not readily available.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis provides information management believes is useful in understanding the operating results, cash flows and financial condition of Surmodics. The discussion should be read in conjunction with both the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and our audited consolidated financial statements and related notes and Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, each included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2022. This discussion contains various “Forward-Looking Statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. We refer readers to the statement entitled “Forward-Looking Statements” located at the end of this Item 2.

Overview

Surmodics, Inc. (referred to as “Surmodics,” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” “our” and other like terms) is a leading provider of performance coating technologies for intravascular medical devices and chemical and biological components for in vitro diagnostic (“IVD”) immunoassay tests and microarrays. Surmodics develops and commercializes highly differentiated vascular intervention medical devices that are designed to address unmet clinical needs and engineered to the most demanding requirements. This key growth strategy leverages the combination of the Company’s expertise in proprietary surface modification and drug-delivery coating technologies, along with its device design, development and manufacturing capabilities. The Company’s mission is to improve the detection and treatment of disease. Surmodics is headquartered in Eden Prairie, Minnesota.

Vascular Intervention Medical Device Platforms

Within our Medical Device segment, we develop and manufacture our own proprietary vascular intervention medical device products, which leverage our expertise in performance coating technologies, product design and engineering capabilities. We believe our strategy of developing our own medical device products has increased, and will continue to increase, our relevance in the medical device industry. This strategy is key to our future growth and profitability, providing us with the opportunity to capture more revenue and operating margin with vascular intervention device products than we would by licensing our device-enabling technologies.

Highlighted below are select medical device products within our development pipeline that are a focus for development and commercialization efforts. For both our thrombectomy and radial access platforms, we are pursuing commercialization via a direct sales strategy leveraging a small team of experienced sales professionals and clinical specialists. Beginning in fiscal 2022, we began to see modest, but meaningful and growing revenue associated with the adoption, utilization and sales of our Pounce™ and Sublime™ platform products.

Pounce TM Thrombectomy Platform

We have successfully developed, internally and through acquisitions, two U.S. Food and Drug Administration ("FDA" or the "Agency") 510(k)-cleared mechanical thrombectomy devices for the non-surgical removal of thrombi and emboli (clots) from the peripheral vasculature (legs). In addition to FDA clearance, our Pounce Venous Thrombectomy System has received the Conformité Européenne Mark (“CE Mark”) approval prerequisite for commercialization in the European Union (”E.U.”). We believe that the ease of use, intuitive design and efficient performance of our thrombectomy products make these devices viable first-line treatment options for interventionalists. These devices include:

•
Pounce Arterial Thrombectomy System for removal of clots from arteries in the legs associated with peripheral arterial disease (“PAD”). Commercial sales began in the first quarter of fiscal 2022.
•
Pounce Venous Thrombectomy System for removal of clots from veins in the legs generally associated with venous thromboembolism (”VTE”). Limited market evaluations began in fiscal 2023 and are expected to continue in fiscal 2023 to obtain physician feedback across a variety of cases and clinical conditions.

Sublime Radial Access Platform

We have successfully developed and secured FDA 510(k) regulatory clearance for a suite of devices that enable vascular intervention via radial (wrist) access for which commercial sales began in the first quarter of fiscal 2022. These devices include:

•
Sublime guide sheath to provide the conduit for peripheral intervention with an access point at the wrist that enables treatment all the way to the pedal loop of the foot;
•
Sublime .014 RX PTA dilatation catheter for treatment of lesions in arteries below the knee all the way to the patient’s foot and around the pedal loop; and
•
Sublime .018 RX PTA dilatation catheter for treatment of lesions in arteries above and below the knee.

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•
Sublime microcatheter peripheral crossing catheters with multiple configurations (compatible with .014, .018 and .035 guidewires) for access to arterial lesions above and below the knee using radial, femoral, or alternate access site approaches. Limited market evaluations of the Sublime microcatheter began in the third quarter of fiscal 2023 and are expected to continue in fiscal 2023.

Drug-coated Balloon Platform

Surmodics’ drug-coated balloons (“DCBs”) are designed for vascular interventions to treat PAD, a condition that causes a narrowing of the blood vessels supplying the extremities.

•
SurVeil TM DCB is a paclitaxel-coated DCB to treat PAD in the upper leg (superficial femoral artery). In fiscal 2018, we entered into an agreement (the “Abbott Agreement”) with Abbott Vascular, Inc. (“Abbott”) that provides Abbott with exclusive worldwide commercialization rights to the SurVeil DCB product. Our SurVeil DCB utilizes a proprietary paclitaxel drug-excipient formulation for a durable balloon coating and is manufactured using an innovative process to improve coating uniformity.

The SurVeil DCB has the necessary regulatory approval for commercialization in the E.U., and timing of commercialization in the E.U. is at the discretion of our exclusive distribution partner, Abbott. In fiscal 2021, the TRANSCEND pivotal clinical trial of our SurVeil DCB met both the primary safety and primary efficacy endpoints and was found to be non-inferior to the control device in those endpoints.

In the third quarter of fiscal 2021, we submitted the fourth and final module of our application to the FDA for premarket approval (“PMA”) of our SurVeil DCB, including data from the TRANSCEND trial as requested by the Agency. In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2021, the FDA provided us with comments on the PMA application and requested additional data to support its review of the application. In October 2022, we submitted a complete response to the FDA's comments, including certain additional data requested by the Agency. In January 2023, the FDA issued a letter to us indicating that the PMA application was not approvable based on the information submitted to the Agency to that time. The letter provided specific guidance on information, including additional testing and analysis, that would be required to put the application in approvable form. Following receipt of the letter, we have been in communications with the FDA to obtain clarity on the requirements to put the application in an approvable form. We plan to prepare an amendment to the PMA application based on our communications with the FDA. Unless and until FDA approval has been obtained, our SurVeil DCB may not be offered for commercial sale in the U.S.

•
Sundance TM DCB is a sirolimus-coated DCB used for the treatment of below-the-knee PAD. We completed six-month patient follow-up visits in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2021 for the SWING first-in-human, 35-patient clinical study of our Sundance DCB. In fiscal 2022, we finalized the clinical report for the SWING trial, which demonstrated promising early safety data and performance insights. We plan to evaluate our strategy for further clinical investment in the Sundance DCB based on the experience we gain from the PMA application process for the SurVeil DCB.

For more information regarding our vascular intervention medical devices, see Part I, Item 1 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2022.

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Results of Operations

Three and Six Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022

Revenue. Revenue in the second quarter of fiscal 2023 was $27.2 million, a $1.1 million or 4% increase compared to the prior-year quarter. Revenue in the first six months of fiscal 2023 was $52.1 million, a $3.0 million or 6% increase compared to the same prior-year period. The following is a summary of revenue streams within each reportable segment.

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Six Months Ended March 31,
(Dollars in thousands) |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | Increase/(Decrease) |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | Increase/(Decrease)
Medical Device |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Product sales |  | $ | 7,914 |  |  | $ | 6,441 |  |  | $ | 1,473 |  |  | 23 |  | % |  | $ | 16,294 |  |  | $ | 13,229 |  |  | $ | 3,065 |  |  | 23 |  | %
Royalties |  |  | 8,073 |  |  |  | 8,358 |  |  |  | (285 | ) |  | (3 | ) | % |  |  | 15,482 |  |  |  | 15,244 |  |  |  | 238 |  |  | 2 |  | %
License fees |  |  | 1,356 |  |  |  | 1,486 |  |  |  | (130 | ) |  | (9 | ) | % |  |  | 2,712 |  |  |  | 2,699 |  |  |  | 13 |  |  | — |  | %
R&D and other |  |  | 2,364 |  |  |  | 2,168 |  |  |  | 196 |  |  | 9 |  | % |  |  | 4,237 |  |  |  | 4,189 |  |  |  | 48 |  |  | 1 |  | %
Medical Device Revenue |  |  | 19,707 |  |  |  | 18,453 |  |  |  | 1,254 |  |  | 7 |  | % |  |  | 38,725 |  |  |  | 35,361 |  |  |  | 3,364 |  |  | 10 |  | %
In Vitro Diagnostics |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Product sales |  |  | 7,436 |  |  |  | 7,523 |  |  |  | (87 | ) |  | (1 | ) | % |  |  | 13,290 |  |  |  | 13,079 |  |  |  | 211 |  |  | 2 |  | %
R&D and other |  |  | 55 |  |  |  | 130 |  |  |  | (75 | ) |  | (58 | ) | % |  |  | 116 |  |  |  | 669 |  |  |  | (553 | ) |  | (83 | ) | %
In Vitro Diagnostics Revenue |  |  | 7,491 |  |  |  | 7,653 |  |  |  | (162 | ) |  | (2 | ) | % |  |  | 13,406 |  |  |  | 13,748 |  |  |  | (342 | ) |  | (2 | ) | %
Total Revenue |  | $ | 27,198 |  |  | $ | 26,106 |  |  | $ | 1,092 |  |  | 4 |  | % |  | $ | 52,131 |  |  | $ | 49,109 |  |  | $ | 3,022 |  |  | 6 |  | %

Medical Device. Revenue in our Medical Device segment was $19.7 million in the second quarter of fiscal 2023, a 7% increase from $18.5 million in the prior-year quarter. Revenue in our Medical Device segment was $38.7 million in the first six months of fiscal 2023, a 10% increase from $35.4 million in the same prior-year period.

•
Medical Device product sales increased 23% to $7.9 million in the second quarter of fiscal 2023, compared to $6.4 million in the prior-year quarter. For the first six months of fiscal 2023, Medical Device product sales increased 23% to $16.3 million, compared to $13.2 million in the same prior-year period. Product sales growth year-over-year in the second quarter and first six months of fiscal 2023 was primarily driven by increased sales of our Pounce thrombectomy and Sublime radial access device products, which were commercialized in fiscal 2022. Increased sales of performance coating reagent products and increased sales of contract-manufactured balloon catheters also contributed to the growth in product sales year-over-year in the second quarter and first six months of fiscal 2023. This growth was offset, in part, by a year-over-year decline in sales of proprietary specialty catheters distributed by strategic partners.
•
Medical Device performance coating royalties revenue declined 3% to $8.1 million in the second quarter of fiscal 2023, compared to $8.4 million in the prior-year quarter. For the first six months of fiscal 2023, Medical Device performance coating royalties revenue increased 2% to $15.5 million, compared to $15.2 million in the same prior-year period. The second quarter of fiscal 2022 provides a challenging comparable as the period benefited from customer-reported royalties in excess of estimated royalties. For the first six months of fiscal 2023, year-over-year growth was driven by customers utilizing our Serene TM coating. In addition, performance coating royalties revenue for the first six months of fiscal 2023 was impacted by macroeconomic factors to a lesser degree relative to the same prior-year period. Macroeconomic factors include pressure on procedure volumes from hospital capacity constraints and customer supply chain disruptions, as well as customer devices maturing through their product life cycle.
•
License fee revenue from the Abbott Agreement for our SurVeil DCB was $1.3 million and $1.4 million in the second quarter of fiscal 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $2.6 million in both the first six months of fiscal 2023 and 2022.

Future license fee revenue related to the Abbott Agreement will depend extensively on whether and when we receive the milestone payment of up to $27 million associated with receipt of the PMA of the SurVeil DCB. Approximately $25 million of a $27 million milestone payment would be recognized as license fee revenue in the period in which it is received. If PMA is received after June 30, 2023, the milestone payment is reduced to $24 million pursuant to the terms of the Abbott Agreement. Approximately $22 million of a $24 million milestone payment would be recognized as license fee revenue in the period in which it is received. If PMA is not received by December 31, 2023, Abbott may terminate the Abbott Agreement and would have no further obligation to make the potential regulatory milestone payment after termination.

•
Medical Device research and development (“R&D”) and other revenue increased $0.2 million in the second quarter of fiscal 2023, compared to the prior-year quarter, driven by performance coating services. Medical Device R&D and other revenue was relatively flat for the first six months of fiscal 2023, compared to the same prior-year period.

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In Vitro Diagnostics. Revenue in our In Vitro Diagnostics (“IVD”) segment was $7.5 million in the second quarter of fiscal 2023, a 2% decrease from $7.7 million in the prior-year quarter. Revenue in our In Vitro Diagnostics segment was $13.4 million in the first six months of fiscal 2023, a 2% decrease from $13.7 million in the same prior-year period.

•
IVD product sales declined 1% to $7.4 million in the second quarter of fiscal 2023, compared to $7.5 million in the prior-year quarter. For the first six months of fiscal 2023, IVD products sales increased 2% to $13.3 million, compared to $13.1 million in the same prior-year period. For the second quarter of fiscal 2023, year-over-year growth in sales of our microarray slide/surface products and favorable order timing for our distributed antigen products was more than offset by a year-over-year decline in sales of protein stabilization products, driven in part by active management of inventory levels by certain customers. For the first six months of fiscal 2023, year-over-year growth in sales of our microarray slide/surface products was partly offset by a year-over-year decline in sales of our distributed antigen products, which fluctuate due to order timing.
•
IVD R&D and other revenue declined $0.1 million in the second quarter of fiscal 2023, compared to the prior-year quarter. For the first six months of fiscal 2023, IVD R&D and other revenue declined $0.6 million, compared to the same prior-year period, due to the completion of a customer development program.

Product sales, product costs, product gross profit, product gross margin, and operating costs were as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Six Months Ended March 31,
(Dollars in thousands) |  | 2023 |  |  |  | 2022 |  | Increase/(Decrease) |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | Increase/(Decrease)
Product sales |  | $ | 15,350 |  |  |  | $ | 13,964 |  |  |  | $ | 1,386 |  |  | 10 |  | % |  | $ | 29,584 |  |  |  | $ | 26,308 |  |  |  | $ | 3,276 |  |  | 12 |  | %
Product costs |  |  | 5,738 |  |  |  |  | 5,107 |  |  |  |  | 631 |  |  | 12 |  | % |  |  | 11,005 |  |  |  |  | 9,604 |  |  |  |  | 1,401 |  |  | 15 |  | %
Product gross profit (1) |  |  | 9,612 |  |  |  |  | 8,857 |  |  |  |  | 755 |  |  | 9 |  | % |  |  | 18,579 |  |  |  |  | 16,704 |  |  |  |  | 1,875 |  |  | 11 |  | %
% Product gross margin (2) |  |  | 62.6 |  | % |  |  | 63.4 |  | % |  |  | (0.8 | ) | ppt |  |  | 62.8 |  | % |  |  | 63.5 |  | % |  |  | (0.7 | ) | ppt
R&D expense |  |  | 12,924 |  |  |  |  | 13,712 |  |  |  |  | (788 | ) |  | (6 | ) | % |  |  | 25,667 |  |  |  |  | 25,375 |  |  |  |  | 292 |  |  | 1 |  | %
% Total revenue |  |  | 48 |  | % |  |  | 53 |  | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 49 |  | % |  |  | 52 |  | % |  |  |  |  |  |
SG&A expense |  |  | 12,967 |  |  |  |  | 11,113 |  |  |  |  | 1,854 |  |  | 17 |  | % |  |  | 26,203 |  |  |  |  | 20,305 |  |  |  |  | 5,898 |  |  | 29 |  | %
% Total revenue |  |  | 48 |  | % |  |  | 43 |  | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 50 |  | % |  |  | 41 |  | % |  |  |  |  |  |
Acquired intangible asset amortization |  |  | 867 |  |  |  |  | 1,071 |  |  |  |  | (204 | ) |  | (19 | ) | % |  |  | 1,780 |  |  |  |  | 2,160 |  |  |  |  | (380 | ) |  | (18 | ) | %
Restructuring expense |  |  | 1,282 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 1,282 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,282 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 1,282 |  |  |  |
Contingent consideration expense |  |  | 3 |  |  |  |  | 3 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6 |  |  |  |  | 6 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |

(1)
Product gross profit is defined as product sales less related product costs.
(2)
Product gross margin is defined as product gross profit as a percentage of product sales.

Product gross margins. Product gross margins were 62.6% and 63.4% in the second quarter of fiscal 2023 and 2022, respectively, and 62.8% and 63.5% in the first six months of fiscal 2023 and 2022, respectively. Product gross margins in the second quarter and first six months of fiscal 2023 were impacted by certain manufacturing inefficiencies associated with ramp up of production of new products, which was partly offset by the favorable impact of product mix primarily driven by increased sales of performance coating reagents and decreased sales of proprietary specialty catheters distributed by strategic partners.

R&D expense. R&D expense declined 6% in the second quarter of fiscal 2023, or $0.8 million, compared to the prior-year quarter. For the first six months of fiscal 2023, R&D expense increased 1%, or $0.3 million, compared to the same prior-year period. R&D expense as a percentage of revenue was 48% and 53% in the second quarter of fiscal 2023 and 2022, respectively, and 49% and 52% in the first six months of fiscal 2023 and 2022, respectively. In the second quarter of fiscal 2023, we initiated a spending reduction plan, including a workforce restructuring, to refocus our investments in product development to prioritize progress primarily on our near-term growth opportunities. For the second quarter and first six months of fiscal 2023, R&D expense reflects continued investment in medical device product development, including in our Pounce thrombectomy and Sublime radial access product platforms and costs associated with our SurVeil DCB.

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Selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) expense. SG&A expense increased 17% in the second quarter of fiscal 2023, or $1.9 million, compared to the prior-year quarter. For the first six months of fiscal 2023, SG&A expense increased 29%, or $5.9 million, compared to the same prior-year period. SG&A expense as a percentage of revenue was 48% and 43% in the second quarter of fiscal 2023 and 2022, respectively, and 50% and 41% in the first six months of fiscal 2023 and 2023, respectively. The increase in SG&A expense was primarily driven by a year-over-year increase in headcount. Throughout fiscal 2022, we invested in a medical device direct salesforce to support the fiscal 2022 commercialization of our Pounce and Sublime product platforms. We expect SG&A expense for full-year fiscal 2023 to increase between $5.5 million and $6.5 million, compared to fiscal 2022, primarily due to higher average SG&A headcount levels in fiscal 2023 than in fiscal 2022.

Acquired intangible asset amortization. We have previously acquired certain intangible assets through business combinations, which are amortized over periods ranging from six to 14 years.

Restructuring expense. In the second quarter of fiscal 2023, we initiated a spending reduction plan intended to preserve capital and more closely align our capital allocation priorities with our strategic objectives, which included a workforce restructuring in our Medical Device segment. As a result, for the three and six months ended March 31, 2023, we recorded $1.3 million in severance and related charges in restructuring expense, which represented the total estimated expense as of March 31, 2023 associated with the workforce restructuring.

Contingent consideration expense. We have contingent consideration obligations related to business combinations. Expense (gain) recognized is related to changes in the probability and timing of achieving certain contractual milestones, as well as accretion expense for the passage of time. In fiscal 2023 and 2022, contingent consideration expense consisted of accretion for liabilities associated with the fiscal 2021 acquisition of Vetex Medical Limited.

Other expense. Major classifications of other expense were as follows:

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  |  | Six Months Ended March 31, |
(In thousands) | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Interest expense, net | $ | (884 | ) |  | $ | (129 | ) |  | $ | (1,710 | ) |  | $ | (265 | )
Foreign exchange (loss) gain |  | (75 | ) |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | (200 | ) |  |  | 35 |
Investment income, net |  | 177 |  |  |  | 25 |  |  |  | 349 |  |  |  | 51 |
Other expense | $ | (782 | ) |  | $ | (102 | ) |  | $ | (1,561 | ) |  | $ | (179 | )

Interest expense, net increased in the second quarter and first six months of fiscal 2023, compared to the same respective prior-year periods, due to increased borrowing and higher interest rates. Refer to “Liquidity and Capital Resources” for further discussion of financing arrangements and expectations for fiscal 2023 interest expense. Foreign currency exchange (losses) gains result primarily from the impact of U.S. dollar to Euro exchange rate fluctuations on certain intercompany transactions and balances. Investment income, net increased in the second quarter and first six months of fiscal 2023, compared to the same respective prior-year periods, due to higher interest rates.

Income taxes. We reported income tax expense of $(0.4) million and income tax benefit of $0.9 million in the second quarter of fiscal 2023 and 2022, respectively. For the first six months of fiscal 2023 and 2022, we reported income tax expense of $(0.2) million and income tax benefit of $1.6 million, respectively. Our effective tax rate was 5% and 18% for the second quarter of fiscal 2023 and 2022, respectively, and 1% and 19% for the first six months of fiscal 2023 and 2022, respectively.

•
In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2022, we established a full valuation allowance against U.S. net deferred tax assets as of September 30, 2022. As a result, in fiscal 2023, we are no longer recording a tax benefit for U.S. pretax losses. A valuation allowance is required to be recognized against deferred tax assets if, based on the available evidence, it is more likely than not (defined as a likelihood of more than 50%) that all or a portion of such assets will not be realized. The relevant guidance weighs available evidence such as historical cumulative taxable losses more heavily than future profitability. The valuation allowance has no impact on the availability of U.S. net deferred tax assets to offset future tax liabilities.
•
Recurring items cause our effective tax rate to differ from the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21%, including U.S. federal and Irish R&D credits, Irish and U.S. state tax rates, and excess tax benefits associated with stock-based compensation.
•
Beginning in our fiscal 2023, certain R&D costs are required to be capitalized and amortized over a five-year period under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act enacted in December 2017. This change will impact the expected U.S. federal and state income tax expense and cash taxes to be paid for our fiscal 2023.

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Segment Operating Results

Operating results for each of our reportable segments were as follows:

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  |  | Six Months Ended March 31, |
(In thousands) | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | $ Change |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | $ Change |
Operating (loss) income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Medical Device | $ | (7,059 | ) |  | $ | (5,612 | ) |  | $ | (1,447 | ) |  | $ | (14,294 | ) |  | $ | (9,404 | ) |  | $ | (4,890 | )
In Vitro Diagnostics |  | 3,636 |  |  |  | 3,720 |  |  |  | (84 | ) |  |  | 6,584 |  |  |  | 6,875 |  |  |  | (291 | )
Total segment operating (loss) income |  | (3,423 | ) |  |  | (1,892 | ) |  |  | (1,531 | ) |  |  | (7,710 | ) |  |  | (2,529 | ) |  |  | (5,181 | )
Corporate |  | (3,160 | ) |  |  | (3,008 | ) |  |  | (152 | ) |  |  | (6,102 | ) |  |  | (5,812 | ) |  |  | (290 | )
Total operating (loss) income | $ | (6,583 | ) |  | $ | (4,900 | ) |  | $ | (1,683 | ) |  | $ | (13,812 | ) |  | $ | (8,341 | ) |  | $ | (5,471 | )

Medical Device. Our Medical Device business reported operating losses of $(7.1) million and $(5.6) million in the second quarter of fiscal 2023 and 2022, respectively, representing (36)% and (30)% of revenue, respectively. For the first six months of fiscal 2023 and 2022, our Medical Device business reported operating losses of $(14.3) million and $(9.4) million, respectively, representing (37)% and (27)% of revenue, respectively.

•
Medical Device operating expenses, excluding product costs, increased $2.1 million and $7.1 million year-over-year in the second quarter and first six months of fiscal 2023, respectively. The second quarter and first six months of fiscal 2023 included $1.3 million in severance-related restructuring expense as the result of a workforce restructuring.

SG&A expense in our Medical Device business increased year-over-year in both the second quarter and first six months of fiscal 2023 primarily related to increased headcount. Throughout fiscal 2022, we invested in a medical device direct salesforce to support the fiscal 2022 commercialization of our Pounce and Sublime product platforms.

R&D expenditures in our Medical Device segment declined year-over-year in the second quarter of fiscal 2023 and increased year-over-year in the first six months of fiscal 2023. During the second quarter of fiscal 2023, we initiated a spending reduction plan, including a workforce restructuring, to refocus our investments in product development to prioritize progress primarily on our near-term growth opportunities. For the second quarter and first six months of fiscal 2023, R&D expense reflects continued investment in medical device product development, including in our Pounce thrombectomy and Sublime radial access product platforms and costs associated with our SurVeil DCB.

•
Royalties and license fee revenue declined $(0.4) million year-over-year in the second quarter of fiscal 2023 and increased $0.3 million year-over-year in the first six months of fiscal 2023. The second quarter of fiscal 2022 provides a challenging comparable as the period benefited from customer-reported royalties in excess of estimated royalties. For the first six months of fiscal 2023, year-over-year growth was driven by customers utilizing our Serene TM coating. In addition, performance coating royalties revenue for the first six months of fiscal 2023 was impacted by macroeconomic factors to a lesser degree relative to the same prior-year period.
•
Medical Device product gross profit increased $0.9 million and $1.9 million year-over-year in the second quarter and first six months of fiscal 2023, respectively, driven by growth in sales of performance coating reagents and devices. Product gross margins were 59.7% and 60.1% in the second quarter of fiscal 2023 and 2022, respectively, and 59.1% and 58.6% in the first six months of fiscal 2023 and 2022, respectively. Product gross margins in the second quarter and first six months of fiscal 2023 benefited from the favorable mix impact of growth in sales of performance coating reagents and decreased sales of proprietary specialty catheters distributed by strategic partners, which was partly offset by the impact of certain manufacturing inefficiencies associated with ramp up of production of new products.

In Vitro Diagnostics. Our In Vitro Diagnostics business reported operating income of $3.6 million and $3.7 million in the second quarter of fiscal 2023 and 2022, respectively, representing 49% of revenue in both periods. For the first six months of fiscal 2023 and 2022, our In Vitro Diagnostics business reported operating income of $6.6 million and $6.9 million, respectively, representing 49% and 50% of revenue, respectively.

•
IVD R&D and other revenue declined $0.1 million and $0.6 million year-over-year in the second quarter and first six months of fiscal 2023, respectively. For the first six months of fiscal 2023, the decline was related to the completion of a customer development program.

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•
IVD product gross profit declined $0.1 million year-over-year in the second quarter of fiscal 2023. For the first six months of fiscal 2023, IVD product gross profit was flat compared to the same prior-year period. IVD product gross margins were 65.7% and 66.3% in the second quarter fiscal 2023 and 2022, respectively, and 67.3% and 68.4% in the first six months of fiscal 2023 and 2022, respectively. Product gross margins in the second quarter and first six months of fiscal 2023 were impacted by higher absorption of fixed costs relative to the prior year, which was partly offset in the first six months of fiscal 2023 by the favorable mix impact from a year-over-year decline in sales of relatively lower margin distributed antigen products.

Corporate. The Corporate category includes expenses for administrative corporate functions, such as executive management, corporate accounting, information technology, legal, human resources and Board of Directors related fees and expenses, which we do not fully allocate to the Medical Device and IVD segments. Corporate also includes expenses, such as acquisition-related costs and litigation, which are not specific to a segment and thus not allocated to our reportable segments. The unallocated Corporate expense operating loss was $(3.2) million and $(3.0) million in the second quarter of fiscal 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $(6.1) million and $(5.8) million in the first six months of fiscal 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Cash Flow Operating Results

The following is a summary of cash flow results:

| Six Months Ended March 31, |
(In thousands) | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Cash provided by (used in): |  |  |  |  |
Operating activities | $ | (16,627 | ) |  | $ | (11,226 | )
Investing activities |  | (1,700 | ) |  |  | 5,663 |
Financing activities |  | 18,006 |  |  |  | (660 | )
Effect of exchange rates on changes in cash and cash equivalents |  | 503 |  |  |  | (218 | )
Net change in cash and cash equivalents | $ | 182 |  |  | $ | (6,441 | )

Operating Activities. Cash used in operating activities totaled $(16.6) million and $(11.2) million in the first six months of fiscal 2023 and 2022, respectively. Net loss was $(15.6) million and $(6.9) million in the first six months of fiscal 2023 and 2022, respectively. Net changes in operating assets and liabilities reduced cash flows from operating activities by $(9.5) million and $(11.3) million in the first six months of fiscal 2023 and 2022, respectively. Significant changes in operating assets and liabilities affecting cash flows during these periods included:

•
Cash used in accrued liabilities was $(4.1) million in the first six months of fiscal 2023, compared to cash used of $(2.0) million in the same prior-year period, primarily due to routine fluctuations in the timing of expense and compensation accruals.
•
Cash provided by income taxes was $2.6 million in the first six months of fiscal 2023, compared to cash used of $(0.5) million in the same prior-year period, primarily as the result of the fiscal 2023 receipt of an income tax refund under the net operating loss carryback provisions of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (the "CARES Act").
•
Cash used in inventories was $(1.9) million for the first six months of fiscal 2023, compared to cash used of $(2.7) million in the same prior-year period. The relative decline in cash used was primarily due to the fiscal 2022 commercialization of Pounce and Sublime platforms in our Medical Device business.

Investing Activities. Cash used in investing activities totaled $(1.7) million for the first six months of fiscal 2023, compared to cash provided of $5.7 million in the same prior-year period. Capital expenditures for property and equipment totaled $1.7 million and $1.9 million in the first six months of fiscal 2023 and 2022, respectively. In the prior-year period, maturities of available-for-sale investments were a source of cash of $7.6 million.

Financing Activities. Cash provided by financing activities totaled $18.0 million in the first six months of fiscal 2023, compared to cash used of $(0.7) million in the same prior-year period. In the first quarter of fiscal 2023, the Company entered into a new, five-year secured credit agreement with MidCap Funding IV Trust, as agent, and MidCap Financial Trust, as term loan servicer and the lenders from time to time party thereto (together “MidCap”). The Company drew $25 million on the term loan and $5 million on the revolving credit facility at close. These proceeds were partially used to retire the Company’s existing revolving credit facility with Bridgewater Bank, of which $10 million was outstanding, as well as to pay a total of $0.9 million in debt issuance costs, including fees to MidCap and legal and other expenses directly associated with the financing transaction.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of March 31, 2023, working capital totaled $42.1 million, an increase of $16.6 million from September 30, 2022. We define working capital as current assets minus current liabilities. Cash and cash equivalents totaled $19.2 million as of March 31, 2023, an increase of $0.2 million from $19.0 million as of September 30, 2022.

The Abbott Agreement provides that the Company will receive a milestone payment if the SurVeil DCB receives PMA with the amount of the milestone payment of $27 million (if PMA is received prior to June 30, 2023) or $24 million (if PMA is received on or after June 30, 2023). Abbott may terminate the Abbott Agreement, and would not have an obligation to make an additional milestone payment after termination, if PMA for the SurVeil DCB is not obtained by December 31, 2023.

Following receipt of the FDA letter that we announced on January 19, 2023, related to our SurVeil DCB, we initiated a spending reduction plan intended to preserve capital and more closely align our capital allocation priorities with our strategic objectives, which included a workforce restructuring that reduced our workforce by approximately 12%. As a result, we reported $1.3 million in restructuring expense for severance and related charges in the second quarter of fiscal 2023, which represented the total estimated expense expected to be incurred associated with the workforce restructuring as of March 31, 2023.

The Company proactively manages its access to capital to support liquidity and continued growth. Surmodics has access to a revolving credit facility, which provides for maximum availability of $25 million, subject to a borrowing base. As of March 31, 2023, the outstanding balance on the revolving credit facility was $5 million. As of March 31, 2023, additional, incremental availability on the revolving credit facility was approximately $11 million, based on borrowing base eligibility requirements. The maturity date of the revolving credit facility is October 1, 2027.

On October 14, 2022, Surmodics entered into a new, five-year secured credit agreement with MidCap, consisting of up to $100 million in term loans ($25 million of which is at the sole discretion of MidCap) and a $25 million revolving credit facility. The Company drew $25 million on the term loan and $5 million on the revolving credit facility at close. These proceeds were partially used to retire the Company’s existing $25 million revolving credit facility with Bridgewater Bank, of which $10 million was outstanding. Upon closing, the Company’s cash balance increased by $19.5 million. Additional draws on the term loan may be made in increments of at least $10 million, up to a total of $50 million through December 31, 2024 subject to certain conditions, including having no less than $60 million of core net revenue on a rolling four-quarter basis. A second tranche of up to $25 million may be available through December 31, 2024 at MidCap’s sole discretion. Availability to draw on the five-year, $25 million revolving credit facility is based on a borrowing base consisting primarily of the Company’s inventory and receivable balances. The credit agreement calls for interest-only payments on the term loan over the first four years, which can be extended to five years if certain criteria are met. The revolving credit facility matures in five years. The Company has also entered into an interest rate swap arrangement with Wells Fargo, whereby the initial borrowing on term loan’s variable base rate was fixed at 10.205% per annum for the five-year loan term. The revolving credit facility has an annual interest rate equal to 3.00% plus the greater of Term SOFR (as defined in the credit agreement) or 1.50%. The Company expects total interest expense under the credit agreement to be approximately $3.4 million in fiscal 2023.

As of March 31, 2023, the Company’s shelf registration statement with the SEC allows the Company to offer potentially up to $200 million in debt securities, common stock, preferred stock, warrants, and other securities or any such combination of such securities in amounts, at prices, and on terms announced if and when the securities are ever offered. This shelf registration statement expires in May 2023, and the Company intends to file a replacement before expiration to preserve the flexibility it provides.

In fiscal 2023, we anticipate a year-over-year increase in SG&A expenditures of between $5.5 million and $6.5 million. We expect that increasing SG&A expenditures in fiscal 2023 will exceed any associated increases in revenues, and therefore will reduce our cash flow from operations. We also anticipate R&D expenses will continue to be significant in fiscal 2023, primarily related to medical device product development, including continued investments to pursue PMA for our SurVeil DCB and in our Pounce and Sublime product platforms. We believe that our existing cash and cash equivalents, which totaled $19.2 million as of March 31, 2023, together with cash flow from operations and our revolving credit facility and term loans, will provide liquidity sufficient to meet our cash needs and fund our operations and planned capital expenditures for fiscal 2023. There can be no assurance, however, that our business will continue to generate cash flows at historic levels.

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Beyond fiscal 2023, our cash requirements will depend extensively on the timing of market introduction and extent of market acceptance of products in our medical device product portfolio, including our SurVeil DCB if PMA is received. Our long-term cash requirements also will be significantly impacted by the level of our investment in commercialization of our vascular intervention device products and whether we make future corporate transactions. We cannot accurately predict our long-term cash requirements at this time. We may seek additional sources of liquidity and capital resources, including through borrowing, debt or equity financing or corporate transactions to generate cash flow. There can be no assurance that such transactions will be available to us on favorable terms, if at all.

Customer Concentrations

We have agreements with a diverse base of customers and certain customers have multiple products using our technology. Abbott and Medtronic are our largest customers, comprising 11% and 13%, respectively, of our consolidated revenue for fiscal 2022. These same customers, Abbott and Medtronic, each comprised 10% and 12%, respectively, of our consolidated revenue for the six months ended March 31, 2023. Revenue generated under our SurVeil DCB license agreement with Abbott represented 5% of total revenue for the six months ended March 31, 2023. Apart from the SurVeil DCB license, Abbott has several separately licensed products which generate revenue for Surmodics, none of which represented more than 4% of total revenue for the six months ended March 31, 2023. Medtronic has several separately licensed products that generate revenue for Surmodics, none of which represented more than 3% of our total revenue for the six months ended March 31, 2023.

Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Estimates

Critical accounting policies are those policies that require the application of management’s most challenging subjective or complex judgment, often as a result of the need to make estimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain and may change in subsequent periods. Critical accounting policies involve judgments and uncertainties that are sufficiently likely to result in materially different results under different assumptions and conditions. For the six months ended March 31, 2023, there were no significant changes in our critical accounting policies. For a detailed description of our other critical accounting policies and significant estimates, see Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations under Item 7 in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2022.

Forward-looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in Item 2, contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements include, but are not limited to, our strategies for growth, including our ability to sign new license agreements, conduct clinical evaluations, and bring new products to market; the expected duration of limited market evaluations for our products; the development of future products and their anticipated attributes; regulatory submissions and approvals; our intent to pursue certain regulatory actions; our plans to prepare an amended premarket approval application for our SurVeil DCB; our initiations for product evaluation activities; potential future milestone payments related to our SurVeil DCB; future license fee revenue related to the Abbott Agreement; the period over which deferred revenue is expected to be recognized; the potential consequence to deferred revenue of Abbott terminating the Abbott Agreement; implementation of organizational changes, their timing, and their expected impact on our use of cash; revenue potential related to the potential commercial launch of the SurVeil DCB; our plans to evaluate our strategy for further clinical investment in the Sundance DCB; future revenue growth, our longer-term valuation-creation strategy, and our future potential; information about our product pipeline; future gross margins and operating expenses; estimated future amortization expense; expectations regarding operating expenses, including restructuring expense for severance and related charges, and interest expense, and their impact on our cash flows; when restructuring accruals are expected to be paid; the period over which unrecognized compensation costs is expected to be recognized; research and development plans and expenses; the estimated amount remaining to be paid on contracts with clinical research organization consultants; the estimated total cost for the TRANSCEND clinical trial; anticipated cash requirements; the intended use of remaining proceeds of our borrowing under the MidCap Credit Agreement; future cash flows and sources of funding, and their ability together with existing cash, and cash equivalents, to provide liquidity sufficient to meet our cash needs and fund our operations and planned capital expenditures for fiscal 2023; statements regarding cash requirements beyond fiscal 2023; expectations regarding capital available under our secured revolving credit facility and secured term loan facilities; expectations regarding the maturity of debt; the Company’s intention to file a shelf registration statement with the SEC; future impacts of our interest rate swap transactions; the impact of potential lawsuits or claims; the potential impact of interest rate fluctuations on our results of operations and cash flows; the impact of potential change in raw material prices, sources of raw materials and our ability to manufacture raw materials ourselves; the potential impact on the Company of currency fluctuations; future income tax (expense) benefit; our future ability to realize the benefits of our deferred tax assets; and the impact of the adoption of new accounting pronouncements. Without limiting the foregoing, words or phrases such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “forecast,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “possible,” “project,” “will” and similar terminology, generally identify forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements may also represent challenging goals for us. These statements, which represent our

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expectations or beliefs concerning various future events, are based on current expectations that involve a number of risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those of such forward-looking statements. We caution that undue reliance should not be placed on such forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date made. Some of the factors which could cause results to differ from those expressed in any forward-looking statement are set forth under “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2022 and in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three months ended December 31, 2022. We disclaim any intent or obligation to update publicly these forward-looking statements, whether because of new information, future events or otherwise.

Although it is not possible to create a comprehensive list of all factors that may cause actual results to differ from our forward-looking statements, such factors include, among others:

1.
ongoing operating losses, increased interest expense, and failure to generate cash flows from operations, which could impact expected expenditures and investments in growth initiatives;
2.
our reliance on a small number of significant customers, including our largest customers, Abbott and Medtronic, which causes our financial results and stock price to be subject to factors affecting those significant customers and their products, the timing of market introduction of their or competing products, product safety or efficacy concerns and intellectual property litigation impacting such customers, which could adversely affect our growth strategy and the royalties revenue we derive;
3.
clinical and regulatory developments relating to the evaluation of risks associated with paclitaxel-coated products, which developments may adversely impact our ability to complete our TRANSCEND clinical trial on any particular time frame, obtain marketing approval (or the timing of any such approval) for our SurVeil DCB and other paclitaxel-coated products, to treat peripheral artery disease in the femoral and/or popliteal arteries;
4.
our ability to successfully develop, obtain regulatory approval for, commercialize, and manufacture at commercial volumes our SurVeil and other DCB products, including our reliance on clinical research organizations to manage the TRANSCEND clinical trial and uncertainty related to the impacts of any clinical research relative to drug-coated balloons, including our Avess™ DCB, other DCB products and other catheter and balloon-based products, which will impact our ability to receive additional milestone payments under our agreement with Abbott;
5.
general economic conditions that are beyond our control, such as the impact of recession, inflation, rising interest rates, customer mergers and acquisitions, business investment, changes in consumer confidence, and medical epidemics or pandemics such as the COVID-19 pandemic, which has negatively impacted, and will likely continue to negatively impact, our business and results from operations;
6.
our ability to successfully and profitably commercialize our vascular intervention products, including our Pounce Venous Thrombectomy System, through our direct salesforce, or otherwise;
7.
our ability to comply with the terms of our secured revolving credit facility and secured term loan facilities;
8.
the difficulties and uncertainties associated with the lengthy and costly new product development and foreign and domestic regulatory approval processes, such as delays, difficulties or failures in achieving acceptable clinical results or obtaining foreign or FDA marketing clearances or approvals, which may result in lost market opportunities, failure to bring new products to market or postpone or preclude product commercialization by licensees or ourselves;
9.
whether operating expenses that we incur related to the development and commercialization of new technologies and products are effective;
10.
our ability to successfully perform product development activities, the related research and development expense impact, and governmental and regulatory compliance activities, which we have not previously undertaken in any significant manner;
11.
impairment of goodwill and intangible assets or the establishment of reserves against other assets on our balance sheet;
12.
disruptions to our business from our plan to reduce our use of cash announced in the second quarter of fiscal 2023, the failure of such plan to achieve its objectives, or cost and expenses associated with such plan; and
13.
other factors described under “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2022 and under "Risk Factors" in Part II, Item 1A of our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2022, which you are encouraged to read carefully.

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Many of these factors are outside our control and knowledge and could result in increased volatility in period-to-period results. Investors are advised not to place undue reliance upon our forward-looking statements and to consult any further disclosures by us on this subject in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitat ive Disclosures About Market Risk

Our investment policy requires investments with high credit quality issuers and limits the amount of credit exposure to any one issuer. Our investments consist principally of interest-bearing corporate debt securities with varying maturity dates, which generally are less than one year. Because of the credit criteria of our investment policies, the primary market risk associated with these investments is interest rate risk. As of March 31, 2023, we did not hold any available-for-sale debt securities. Therefore, interest rate fluctuations relating to investments would have an insignificant impact on our results of operations or cash flows. Our policy also allows the Company to hold a substantial portion of funds in cash and cash equivalents, which are defined as financial instruments with original maturities of three months or less and may include money market instruments, certificates of deposit, repurchase agreements and commercial paper instruments.

Loans under the Midcap credit agreement bear interest at floating rates tied to Term SOFR. As a result, changes in Term SOFR can affect our results of operation and cash flows to the extent we do not have effective interest rate swap arrangements in place. On October 14, 2022, we entered into a five-year interest rate swap transaction with Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. with respect to $25.0 million of notional value of the term loans funded under the MidCap credit agreement. The interest rate swap transaction fixes at 4.455% the one-month Term SOFR portion of interest rate under the $25.0 million initial Term Loan funded such that the interest rate on the initial Term Loan will be 10.205% through its maturity. We have no other swap arrangements in place for any other loans under the Midcap credit agreement.

Management believes that a reasonable change in raw material prices would not have a material impact on future earnings or cash flows because the Company’s inventory exposure is not material.

We are exposed to increasing Euro currency risk with respect to our manufacturing operations in Ireland. In a period where the U.S. dollar is strengthening or weakening relative to the Euro, our revenue and expenses denominated in Euro currency are translated into U.S. dollars at a lower or higher value than they would be in an otherwise constant currency exchange rate environment. All sales transactions are denominated in U.S. dollars or Euros. We generate royalties revenue from the sale of customer products in foreign jurisdictions. Royalties generated in foreign jurisdictions by customers are converted and paid in U.S. dollars per contractual terms. Substantially all of our purchasing transactions are denominated in U.S. dollars or Euros. To date, we have not entered into any foreign currency forward exchange contracts or other derivative financial instruments to hedge the effects of adverse fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The Company maintains disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). The Company’s management, under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, referred to collectively herein as the Certifying Officers, carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures as of March 31, 2023. Based on that evaluation, the Company’s Certifying Officers concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this report, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act) were effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports that it files under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time period specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms, and to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports the Company files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including its Certifying Officers, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.

Changes in Internal Controls over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) during the three months ended March 31, 2023 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II — OTHE R INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

From time to time, the Company has been involved in various legal actions involving its operations, products and technologies, including intellectual property and employment disputes.

Item 1A. Ri sk Factors

The risks identified in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2022, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 23, 2022, under Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” and the risks identified in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2022, filed with the SEC on February 6, 2023, under Part II, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” could affect our financial performance and could cause our actual results for future periods to differ materially from our anticipated results or other expectations, including those expressed in any forward-looking statements made in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equi ty Securities and Use of Proceeds

The following table presents the information with respect to purchases made by or on behalf of Surmodics, Inc. or any “affiliated purchaser” (as defined in Rule 10b-18(a)(3) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934), of our common stock during the three months ended March 31, 2023.

|  | Total Number of Shares Purchased (1) |  |  | Average Price Paid Per Share |  |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Programs |  |  | Maximum Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Programs |
Period: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
January 1 – 31, 2023 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 25,300,000 |
February 1 – 28, 2023 |  |  | 503 |  |  |  | 28.97 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 25,300,000 |
March 1 – 31, 2023 |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 25,300,000 |
Total |  |  | 503 |  |  |  | 28.97 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |

(1)
All shares reported were delivered by employees in connection with the satisfaction of tax withholding obligations related to the vesting of shares of restricted stock.

The Company has an aggregate of $25.3 million available for future common stock purchases under the current authorizations. The MidCap credit agreement restricts our ability to repurchase our common stock.

Item 3. Defaults Upo n Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Saf ety Disclosures

Not Applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

None.

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Item 6. Exhibits | EXHIBIT INDEX
Exhibit |  | Description
2.1 |  | Agreement of Merger dated January 18, 2005 among Surmodics, Inc., SIRx, InnoRx, et al. — incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated January 24, 2005.
2.2 |  | Share Purchase Agreement by and among Surmodics, Inc. and the shareholders of Creagh Medical Ltd. dated as of November 20, 2015 — incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated November 27, 2015.
2.3 |  | Stock Purchase Agreement, dated January 8, 2016, among Surmodics, Inc. and the shareholders of NorMedix, Inc. and Gregg Sutton as Seller’s Agent — incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Form Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 13, 2016.
2.4 |  | Share Purchase Agreement by and among Surmodics, Inc., SurModics MD, LLC, and the shareholders of Vetex Medical Limited named therein dated as of July 2, 2021 — incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated July 2, 2021.
2.5 |  | Put and Call Option Agreement by and among SurModics MD, LLC and the shareholders of Vetex Medical Limited named therein dated as of July 2, 2021 — incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated July 2, 2021.
3.1 |  | Restated Articles of Incorporation, as amended — incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on July 29, 2016.
3.2 |  | Restated Bylaws of Surmodics, Inc., as amended December 18, 2015 — incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 23, 2015.
10.1* |  | Lease Agreement by and among Surmodics, Inc., MN Golden 1, LLC and MN Golden 2, LLC, as amended March 1, 2023.
31.1* |  | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Sec. 1350 as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2* |  | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Sec. 1350 as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1* |  | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Sec. 1350 as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2* |  | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Sec. 1350 as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS* |  | Inline XBRL Instance Document – the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File as its XBRL tags are embedded within the inline XBRL document.
101.SCH* |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema.
101.CAL* |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase.
101.DEF* |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase.
101.LAB* |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase.
101.PRE* |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase.
104* |  | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).

* Filed herewith

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SIGNAT URES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

April 26, 2023 | Surmodics, Inc.
| By: | /s/ Timothy J. Arens
|  | Timothy J. Arens
|  | Senior Vice President of Finance and Chief Financial Officer
|  | (duly authorized signatory and principal financial officer)

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