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Income taxes
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Income taxes  
Income taxes

19. Income taxes:

The current and deferred amounts of the provision for income taxes expense for each of the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 are summarized as follows:

 

(Dollars in thousands)

    

2024

    

2023

    

2022

 

Current tax provision

Federal

$

3,299

$

3,853

$

6,665

State

320

Total current tax provision

3,619

3,853

6,665

Deferred tax (benefit) provision

Federal

(3,449)

1,268

611

State

(200)

Total deferred tax (benefit) provision

 

(3,649)

1,268

611

Total income tax (benefit) expense

$

(30)

$

5,121

$

7,276

The components of the net deferred tax asset at December 31, 2024 and 2023 are summarized as follows:

 

(Dollars in thousands)

    

2024

    

2023

 

Deferred tax assets:

Allowance for credit losses

$

9,217

$

4,789

Lease liability

2,774

2,397

Defined benefit plan

 

1,280

 

1,635

Deferred compensation

 

1,046

 

694

Investment securities available for sale

10,681

11,270

Purchase accounting

9,084

Built-in loss carryforward

7,331

Other

 

1,285

 

339

Total

 

42,698

 

21,124

Deferred tax liabilities:

Lease right-of-use assets

2,684

2,313

Premises and equipment, net

 

1,974

 

2,109

Purchase accounting

 

474

Deferred loan costs

467

92

Accrued compensation

 

803

 

1,912

Other

 

1,082

 

454

Total

 

7,010

 

7,354

Net deferred tax asset

$

35,688

$

13,770

The acquisition of FNCB triggered a change in ownership, as defined under Internal Revenue Code (IRC) Section 382. As a result, the Company determined that at the date of the ownership change, it had a net unrealized built-in loss (“NUBIL”). Under IRC Section 382, the Company’s net built-in losses that existed prior to the ownership change are limited in their utilization based on the fair market value of the Company’s assets at the time of the change and the applicable federal long-term tax-exempt rate. Due to the limitation, the Company has reassessed its deferred tax assets and liabilities, including the realizability of any built-in losses. The impact of these limitations has been reflected in the Company’s tax provision for the period. As of December 31, 2024, the Company is limited to an approximate $4.8 million annual limitation on its ability to utilize its built-in losses and has built-in loss carryforward of approximately $33.6 million that do not expire and can be utilized to offset future taxable income. Based on the Company’s projections of future taxable income, it is more likely than not the Company will fully utilize these carryforwards in the future years.

A reconciliation between the amount of the effective income tax expense and the income tax expense that would have been provided at the federal statutory rate of 21.0 percent for the years ended December 31, 2024, December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 is summarized as follows:

2024

2023

2022

(Dollars in thousands, except percents)

    

Amount

    

%

    

Amount

    

%

    

Amount

%

 

Provision for income tax at statutory rate

$

1,778

21.00

%

$

6,825

21.00

%

$

9,527

21.00

%

Increase (decrease) resulting from:

State tax, net of federal benefit

95

1.16

397

1.22

216

0.63

Tax exempt interest

 

(1,237)

(14.61)

 

(1,057)

(3.25)

 

(1,400)

(3.09)

Bank owned life insurance income

 

(360)

(4.25)

 

(221)

(0.68)

 

(205)

(0.45)

Residential housing program tax credits

 

(631)

(7.45)

(755)

(2.32)

(911)

(2.01)

Nondeductible transaction costs

206

2.43

 

179

0.55

 

Other, net

 

119

1.36

 

(247)

(0.76)

 

49

(0.04)

Total

$

(30)

(0.36)

%

$

5,121

15.76

%

$

7,276

16.04

%

The Company computes deferred income taxes under the asset and liability method. Deferred incomes taxes are recognized for tax consequences of “temporary differences” by applying enacted statutory tax rates to differences between the financial reporting and the tax basis of existing assets and liabilities. A deferred tax liability is recognized for all temporary differences that result in future taxable income. A deferred tax asset is recognized for all temporary differences that will result in future tax deductions subject to reduction of the asset by a valuation allowance.

The Company follows FASB ASC Topic 740 “Income Taxes,” which prescribes a threshold for the financial statement recognition of income taxes and provides criteria for the measurement of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. ASC 740 also includes guidance on derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure and transition of income taxes. The Company did not recognize or accrue any interest or penalties related to income taxes during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022. The Company does not have an accrual for uncertain tax positions as of December 31, 2024, 2023 or 2022, as deductions taken or benefits accrued are based on widely understood administrative practices and procedures and are based on clear and unambiguous tax law. Tax returns for all years 2021 and thereafter are subject to examination by tax authorities.