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Share-based Compensation Expense
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2021
SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION EXPENSE [Abstract]  
Share-based Compensation Expense
5. SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION EXPENSE
Sohu (excluding Sohu Video), Changyou, and Sohu Video have incentive plans for the granting of share-based awards, including share options and restricted share units, to members of the boards of directors, management and other key employees.
Share-based compensation expense was recognized in costs and expenses for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021 as follows (in thousands):
 
    
Year Ended December 31,
  
Share-based compensation expense
   
2019
     
2020
     
2021
  
Cost of revenues
    $ 142      $ 720      $ 277  
Product development expenses
      1,364        7,325        3,904  
Sales and marketing expenses
      (326 )       460        166  
General and administrative expenses
      1,170        5,975        4,231  
    
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
     $ 2,350      $ 14,480      $ 8,578  
    
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
Share-based compensation expense was recognized for share awards of Sohu (excluding Sohu Video), Changyou and Sohu Video as follows (in thousands):
 
 
  
Year Ended December 31,
 
Share-based compensation expense
  
2019
 
  
2020
 
  
2021
 
For Sohu (excluding Sohu Video) share-based awards
  
$
1,940
 
  
$
2,633
 
  
$
1,849
 
For Changyou share-based awards
  
 
1,305
 
  
 
12,545
 
  
 
7,773
 
For Sohu Video share-based awards
  
 
(895
) 
  
 
(698
) 
  
 
(1,044
) 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
$
2,350
 
  
$
14,480
 
  
$
8,578
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
The negative amounts in the tables above resulted from
re-measured
compensation expense based on the then-current fair value of the awards on the reporting date.
There was no capitalized share-based compensation expense for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019.