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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
____________________________________________________________
FORM 10-Q
____________________________________________________________

☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 or 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended December 30, 2022
or

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 or 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to
Commission File Number 001-37860
____________________________________________________________
VAREX IMAGING CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
____________________________________________________________

Delaware |  |  | 81-3434516
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)
1678 S. Pioneer Road, Salt Lake City, Utah |  |  | 84104
(Address of principal executive offices) |  |  | (Zip Code)

(801) 972-5000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
____________________________________________________________
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock | VREX | The Nasdaq Global Select Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large Accelerated filer |  | ☒ |  | Accelerated filer |  | ☐
Non-Accelerated filer |  | ☐ |  | Smaller reporting company |  | ☐
|  |  |  | Emerging growth company |  | ☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. |  | ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
As of January 26, 2023, there were 40.1 million shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding.

VAREX IMAGING CORPORATION
FORM 10-Q
For the Quarter Ended December 30, 2022
INDEX

Part I. |  | Financial Information | 2
Item 1. |  | Unaudited Financial Statements | 2
|  | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations | 2
|  | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income | 3
|  | Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets | 4
|  | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity | 5
|  | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows | 6
|  | Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | 7
Item 2. |  | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 27
Item 3. |  | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 35
Item 4. |  | Controls and Procedures | 36
Part II. |  | Other Information | 37
Item 1. |  | Legal Proceedings | 37
Item 1A. |  | Risk Factors | 37
Item 2. |  | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 63
Item 3. |  | Defaults Upon Senior Securities | 63
Item 4. |  | Mine Safety Disclosures | 63
Item 5. |  | Other Information | 63
Item 6. |  | Exhibits | 64
Signatures | 65

1

Table of Contents
PART I
FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
VAREX IMAGING CORPORATION
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(Unaudited)

|  |  | Three Months Ended |  |
(In millions, except per share amounts) |  |  |  |  | December 30, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021 |  |  |  |
Revenues, net |  |  |  |  | $ | 205.6 |  |  | $ | 198.8 |  |  |  |  |
Cost of revenues |  |  |  |  | 142.3 |  |  | 134.0 |  |  |  |  |
Gross profit |  |  |  |  | 63.3 |  |  | 64.8 |  |  |  |  |
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Research and development |  |  |  |  | 20.0 |  |  | 17.7 |  |  |  |  |
Selling, general and administrative |  |  |  |  | 30.3 |  |  | 33.1 |  |  |  |  |
Total operating expenses |  |  |  |  | 50.3 |  |  | 50.8 |  |  |  |  |
Operating income |  |  |  |  | 13.0 |  |  | 14.0 |  |  |  |  |
Interest income |  |  |  |  | 0.5 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense |  |  |  |  | (7.5) |  |  | (9.9) |  |  |  |  |
Other expense, net |  |  |  |  | (0.6) |  |  | (0.8) |  |  |  |  |
Interest and other expense, net |  |  |  |  | (7.6) |  |  | (10.7) |  |  |  |  |
Income before taxes |  |  |  |  | 5.4 |  |  | 3.3 |  |  |  |  |
Income tax expense |  |  |  |  | 2.2 |  |  | 1.7 |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  |  |  |  | 3.2 |  |  | 1.6 |  |  |  |  |
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests |  |  |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | 0.2 |  |  |  |  |
Net income attributable to Varex |  |  |  |  | $ | 3.1 |  |  | $ | 1.4 |  |  |  |  |
Net income per common share attributable to Varex |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  |  |  |  | $ | 0.08 |  |  | $ | 0.04 |  |  |  |  |
Diluted |  |  |  |  | $ | 0.08 |  |  | $ | 0.03 |  |  |  |  |
Weighted average common shares outstanding |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  |  |  |  | 40.1 |  |  | 39.5 |  |  |  |  |
Diluted |  |  |  |  | 40.6 |  |  | 43.9 |  |  |  |  |

See accompanying Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
2

Table of Contents
VAREX IMAGING CORPORATION
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(Unaudited)

| Three Months Ended |  |
(In millions) | December 30, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021 |  |  |  |
Net income | $ | 3.2 |  |  | $ | 1.6 |  |  |  |  |
Other comprehensive loss |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency translation adjustments | — |  |  | (0.5) |  |  |  |  |
Total comprehensive income | 3.2 |  |  | 1.1 |  |  |  |  |
Less: Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests | 0.1 |  |  | 0.2 |  |  |  |  |
Comprehensive income attributable to Varex | $ | 3.1 |  |  | $ | 0.9 |  |  |  |  |

See accompanying Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
3

Table of Contents
VAREX IMAGING CORPORATION
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Unaudited)

(In millions, except share and per share amounts) | December 30, 2022 |  | September 30, 2022
Assets |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 81.5 |  |  | $ | 89.4 |
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses of $0.4 million and $0.6 million at December 30, 2022 and September 30, 2022, respectively | 157.9 |  |  | 173.3 |
Inventories | 320.3 |  |  | 303.2 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 47.6 |  |  | 44.0 |
Total current assets | 607.3 |  |  | 609.9 |
Property, plant, and equipment, net | 142.9 |  |  | 141.3 |
Goodwill | 288.2 |  |  | 284.5 |
Intangible assets, net | 31.7 |  |  | 33.6 |
Investments in privately-held companies | 47.8 |  |  | 46.4 |
Deferred tax assets | 1.9 |  |  | 2.3 |
Operating lease assets | 22.1 |  |  | 23.2 |
Other assets | 39.0 |  |  | 43.2 |
Total assets | $ | 1,180.9 |  |  | $ | 1,184.4 |
Liabilities and stockholders' equity |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |
Accounts payable | $ | 86.2 |  |  | $ | 78.2 |
Accrued liabilities and other current liabilities | 56.0 |  |  | 81.4 |
Current operating lease liabilities | 3.9 |  |  | 4.0 |
Current maturities of long-term debt | 2.1 |  |  | 2.1 |
Deferred revenues | 9.2 |  |  | 7.4 |
Total current liabilities | 157.4 |  |  | 173.1 |
Long-term debt, net | 440.8 |  |  | 412.3 |
Deferred tax liabilities | — |  |  | 0.5 |
Operating lease liabilities | 17.9 |  |  | 18.0 |
Other long-term liabilities | 39.8 |  |  | 33.8 |
Total liabilities | 655.9 |  |  | 637.7 |
Stockholders' equity: |  |  |
Preferred stock, $.01 par value: 20,000,000 shares authorized, none issued | — |  |  | — |
Common stock, $.01 par value: 150,000,000 shares authorized |  |  |
Shares issued and outstanding: 40,087,100 and 40,085,126 at December 30, 2022 and September 30, 2022, respectively | 0.4 |  |  | 0.4 |
Additional paid-in capital | 437.9 |  |  | 469.1 |
Accumulated other comprehensive income | 0.1 |  |  | 0.1 |
Retained earnings | 73.3 |  |  | 63.8 |
Total Varex stockholders' equity | 511.7 |  |  | 533.4 |
Noncontrolling interests | 13.3 |  |  | 13.3 |
Total stockholders' equity | 525.0 |  |  | 546.7 |
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity | $ | 1,180.9 |  |  | $ | 1,184.4 |

See accompanying Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
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VAREX IMAGING CORPORATION
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
(Unaudited)

| Three Months Ended December 30, 2022
| Common Stock |  | Additional Paid-in Capital |  |  |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income |  | Retained Earnings |  | Total Varex Equity |  | Noncontrolling Interests |  | Total Stockholders' Equity
(In millions) | Shares |  | Amount |  |  |  |  |  |  |
September 30, 2022 | 40.1 |  |  | $ | 0.4 |  |  | $ | 469.1 |  |  |  |  | $ | 0.1 |  |  | $ | 63.8 |  |  | $ | 533.4 |  |  | $ | 13.3 |  |  | $ | 546.7 |
Cumulative effect of accounting change | — |  |  | — |  |  | (34.6) |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 6.5 |  |  | (28.1) |  |  | — |  |  | (28.1) |
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 3.1 |  |  | 3.1 |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | 3.2 |
Share-based compensation | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3.3 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3.3 |  |  | — |  |  | 3.3 |
Other | — |  |  | — |  |  | 0.1 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | (0.1) |  |  | — |  |  | (0.1) |  |  | (0.1) |
December 30, 2022 | 40.1 |  |  | $ | 0.4 |  |  | $ | 437.9 |  |  |  |  | $ | 0.1 |  |  | $ | 73.3 |  |  | $ | 511.7 |  |  | $ | 13.3 |  |  | $ | 525.0 |

| Three Months Ended December 31, 2021
| Common Stock |  | Additional Paid-in Capital |  |  |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  | Retained Earnings |  | Total Varex Equity |  | Noncontrolling Interests |  | Total Stockholders' Equity
(In millions) | Shares |  | Amount |  |  |  |  |  |  |
October 1, 2021 | 39.4 |  |  | $ | 0.4 |  |  | $ | 449.4 |  |  |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 33.5 |  |  | $ | 483.3 |  |  | $ | 13.2 |  |  | $ | 496.5 |
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 1.4 |  |  | 1.4 |  |  | 0.2 |  |  | 1.6 |
Exercise of stock options | 0.1 |  |  | — |  |  | 3.5 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3.5 |  |  | — |  |  | 3.5 |
Common stock issued under employee stock purchase plan | 0.1 |  |  | — |  |  | 1.7 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1.7 |  |  | — |  |  | 1.7 |
Share-based compensation | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3.4 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3.4 |  |  | — |  |  | 3.4 |
Foreign currency translation adjustments | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | (0.5) |  |  | — |  |  | (0.5) |  |  | — |  |  | (0.5) |
Other | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (0.1) |  |  | (0.1) |
December 31, 2021 | 39.6 |  |  | $ | 0.4 |  |  | $ | 458.0 |  |  |  |  | $ | (0.5) |  |  | $ | 34.9 |  |  | $ | 492.8 |  |  | $ | 13.3 |  |  | $ | 506.1 |

See accompanying Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
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VAREX IMAGING CORPORATION
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)

| Three Months Ended
(In millions) | December 30, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021
Cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |
Net income | $ | 3.2 |  |  | $ | 1.6 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash (used in) provided by operating activities: |  |  |
Share-based compensation expense | 3.3 |  |  | 3.4 |
Depreciation | 4.6 |  |  | 4.8 |
Amortization of intangible assets | 3.4 |  |  | 3.8 |
Deferred taxes | (0.2) |  |  | 0.2 |
(Income) loss from equity method investments | (1.3) |  |  | 0.5 |
Amortization of deferred loan costs | 0.6 |  |  | 2.6 |
Inventory write-down | 2.0 |  |  | 0.4 |
Loss on operating lease abandonment | — |  |  | 1.9 |
Other, net | — |  |  | 1.1 |
Changes in assets and liabilities: |  |  |
Accounts receivable | 15.6 |  |  | 28.4 |
Inventories | (18.8) |  |  | (23.8) |
Prepaid expenses and other assets | (0.4) |  |  | 3.4 |
Accounts payable | 8.0 |  |  | 13.5 |
Accrued liabilities and other current and long-term liabilities | (25.4) |  |  | (30.5) |
Deferred revenues | 1.7 |  |  | (0.5) |
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities | (3.7) |  |  | 10.8 |
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |
Purchases of property, plant and equipment | (5.5) |  |  | (4.1) |
Loss on settlement of cash flow hedge | (0.3) |  |  | — |
Proceeds from maturities of marketable debt securities | 4.0 |  |  | — |
Purchase of marketable debt securities | (6.3) |  |  | — |
Purchase of marketable equity securities | (2.7) |  |  | — |
Settlement of net investment hedge | 7.0 |  |  | — |
Proceeds from sales of business and assets | — |  |  | 1.7 |
Other, net | 0.1 |  |  | (0.2) |
Net cash used in investing activities | (3.7) |  |  | (2.6) |
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |
Repayments of borrowing under credit agreements | (0.5) |  |  | (0.3) |
Proceeds from exercise of stock options | — |  |  | 3.5 |
Proceeds from shares issued under employee stock purchase plan | — |  |  | 1.7 |
Other, net | 0.1 |  |  | 0.1 |
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities | (0.4) |  |  | 5.0 |
Effects of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash | — |  |  | (0.1) |
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash | (7.8) |  |  | 13.1 |
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period | 90.6 |  |  | 146.1 |
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period | $ | 82.8 |  |  | $ | 159.2 |
Supplemental cash flow information: |  |  |
Cash paid for interest | $ | 13.7 |  |  | $ | 14.8 |
Income taxes paid, net of refunds | 4.5 |  |  | 0.4 |
Supplemental non-cash activities: |  |  |
Purchases of property, plant and equipment financed through accounts payable | $ | 2.0 |  |  | $ | 0.8 |

See accompanying Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
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VAREX IMAGING CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Description of Business
Varex Imaging Corporation (the “Company” or “Varex”) designs, manufactures, sells and services a broad range of medical products, which include X-ray imaging components including X-ray tubes, digital detectors and accessories, ionization chambers and buckys, high voltage connectors, image processing software and workstations, 3D reconstruction software, computer-aided diagnostic software, collimators, automatic exposure control devices, generators, and heat exchangers. The Company sells its products to imaging system original equipment manufacturer (“OEM”) customers for incorporation into new medical diagnostic, radiation therapy, dental, and veterinary equipment, as well as to independent service companies and distributors, and directly to end-users for replacement purposes.
The Company also designs, manufactures, sells and services industrial products, which include Linatron® X-ray linear accelerators, digital detectors, high voltage connectors, coolers, imaging processing software and image detection products for security and inspection purposes, such as cargo screening at ports and borders and nondestructive examination in a variety of applications. The Company generally sells security and inspection products to OEM customers who incorporate Varex’s products into their inspection or irradiation systems and processes. The Company conducts an active research and development program to focus on new technology and applications in both the medical and industrial X-ray imaging markets.
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared by the Company pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) for interim financial information. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, these condensed consolidated financial statements include all adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the results for the interim periods. The Company has consolidated all of its majority owned subsidiaries and entities over which it has control. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated as part of the consolidation.
These condensed consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes are unaudited and should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the fiscal year ended 2022 included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, which was filed with the SEC on November 18, 2022. The Company considers events or transactions that occur after the balance sheet date, but before the financial statements are issued, to provide additional evidence relative to certain estimates or to identify matters that require additional disclosures. Except for the change in certain policies upon adoption of the accounting standard described below, there have been no material changes to the Company's significant accounting policies, compared to the accounting policies described in Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for fiscal year 2022.
Reclassification of Prior Period Presentation
Certain prior period amounts in the notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements have had a change in presentation to conform to current period presentation. This change does not affect previously reported results.
Segment Reporting
The Company has two reportable operating segments; (i) Medical and (ii) Industrial, which aligns with how its Chief Executive Officer, who is the Company's Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”), reviews the Company’s performance. See Note 15, Segment Information, for further information on the Company’s segments.
Fiscal Year
The fiscal years of the Company as reported are the 52 or 53-week period ending on the Friday nearest September 30. Fiscal year 2023 is the 52-week period ending September 29, 2023. Fiscal year 2022 was the 52-week period that ended on September 30, 2022. The fiscal quarters ended December 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 were both 13-week periods.
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Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Such estimates include the valuation of inventories, valuation of goodwill and intangible assets, warranties, contract liabilities, long-lived asset valuations, impairment of investments, valuation of financial instruments, and taxes on income. Actual results could differ from these estimates.
Impact of COVID-19
The coronavirus (“COVID-19”) pandemic, the COVID-19 variants, uneven vaccination rates across the globe, and the mitigation efforts by governments to control its spread have created uncertainties and disruptions in the economic and financial markets. While the impacts of COVID-19 on the Company's business have lessened, the extent to which COVID-19 will continue to impact the Company’s business and financial results depends on numerous evolving factors including: the magnitude and duration of COVID-19, the extent to which it will continue to impact worldwide macroeconomic conditions, including supply chain disruptions, interest rates, unemployment rates, the speed of the economic recovery, and governmental and business reactions to the pandemic. The Company has experienced continuing supply chain disruptions and other issues that are at least partially related to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, while the Company has from time to time taken significant precautions to maintain employee safety, such as implementing mask requirements, encouraging vaccination, and periodically asking non-production related employees to work remotely when possible, the Company has experienced, and may in the future experience, COVID-19 related employee absences that adversely impact its production or business.
The Company assessed certain accounting matters that generally require consideration of forecasted financial information in context with the information reasonably available to the Company, including the estimated future impacts of COVID-19, through the date of filing this report. The accounting matters assessed included, but were not limited to, the Company’s carrying value of goodwill, intangibles, long-lived assets, equity method investments, inventory and related reserves, and the allowance for credit losses. The Company’s assessment of the magnitude and duration of COVID-19, as well as other factors, could result in material negative impacts to the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements in future reporting periods. These future developments are highly uncertain and the outcomes cannot be estimated with certainty. Actual results may differ from those estimates, and such differences may be material to the financial statements.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
The Company considers unrestricted currency on hand, demand deposits, time deposits and all highly-liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less at the date of purchase to be cash and cash equivalents.
Restricted Cash
Restricted cash primarily consists of cash collateral related to certain leases and inventory arrangements. Restricted cash is included in other assets on the Company's Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash as reported within the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows consisted of the following:

| Three Months Ended |  | Three Months Ended
| December 30, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021
(In millions) | Beginning of Period |  | End of Period |  | Beginning of Period |  | End of Period
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 89.4 |  |  | $ | 81.5 |  |  | $ | 144.6 |  |  | $ | 157.8 |
Restricted cash | 1.2 |  |  | 1.3 |  |  | 1.5 |  |  | 1.4 |
Total as presented in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows | $ | 90.6 |  |  | $ | 82.8 |  |  | $ | 146.1 |  |  | $ | 159.2 |

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Concentration of Risk
Financial instruments that potentially expose the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities, certificates of deposit, and trade accounts receivable. Cash held with financial institutions may exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insurance limits or similar limits in foreign jurisdictions. To date, the Company has not realized any losses on its deposits of cash and cash equivalents. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers and, except for government tenders, group purchases and orders with a letter of credit, its industrial customers often provide a down payment. The Company maintains an allowance for credit losses based upon the expected collectability of all accounts receivable. The Company obtains some of the components in its products from a limited group of suppliers or from a single-source supplier. When these suppliers are unable to meet the Company's supply needs, the Company's production is negatively impacted.
Credit is extended to customers based on an evaluation of the customer’s financial condition, and collateral is not required. In certain circumstances, a customer may be required to prepay all or a portion of the contract price prior to transfer of control. During the periods presented, one of the Company's customers accounted for a significant portion of revenues, as set forth below:

| Three Months Ended |  |
| December 30, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021 |  |  |  |
Canon Medical Systems Corporation | 20.1 | % |  | 19.2 | % |  |  |  |

Canon Medical Systems Corporation accounted for 9.2% and 10.3% of the Company’s accounts receivable as of December 30, 2022 and September 30, 2022, respectively.
Investments
The Company accounts for its equity investments in privately-held companies under the equity method of accounting if the Company has the ability to exercise significant influence in these investments. Distributions received from an equity method investment are classified using the cumulative earnings approach, which means that distributions up to the amount of cumulative equity in earnings recognized will be treated as returns on investment and classified as operating cash flows and those in excess of that amount will be treated as returns of investment and classified as investing cash flows. The Company reviews its equity investments in privately-held companies for impairment whenever events or changes in business circumstances are other than temporary and indicate that the carrying amount of the investments may not be fully recoverable. There were no impairments recorded during the three months ended December 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.
Marketable Securities
The Company's marketable securities consist primarily of financial instruments such as U.S. treasury securities, U.S. agency obligations, corporate bonds, commercial paper, money market funds, and equity securities. The Company classifies marketable debt securities as available-for-sale at the time of purchase and reevaluates such classifications as of each balance sheet date. All marketable debt securities are recorded at estimated fair value. Any unrealized gains or losses for marketable debt securities are included in accumulated other comprehensive income within the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Marketable equity securities are stated at fair value as determined by the most recently traded price of each security at the balance sheet date. All unrealized gains and losses on equity securities are recorded as part of other expense, net in the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements. See Note 7, Fair Value, for further details.
When the fair value of a marketable debt security declines below its amortized cost basis, any portion of that decline attributable to credit losses, to the extent expected to be nonrecoverable before the sale of the security, is recognized in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. When the fair value of a marketable debt security declines below its amortized cost basis due to changes in interest rates, such amounts are recorded in other comprehensive loss, and are recognized in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations only if the Company sells or intends to sell the security before recovery of its cost basis. There were no credit losses related to marketable debt securities recorded during the three months ended December 30, 2022.
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Loss Contingencies
From time to time, the Company is involved in legal proceedings, claims and government inspections or investigations, customs and duties audits, other contingency matters, both inside and outside the United States, arising in the ordinary course of its business or otherwise. The Company accrues amounts for probable losses, to the extent they can be reasonably estimated, that it believes are adequate to address any liabilities related to legal proceedings and other loss contingencies that the Company believes will result in a probable loss (including, among other things, probable settlement value). A loss or a range of loss is disclosed when it is reasonably possible that a material loss will be incurred and can be estimated or when it is reasonably possible that the amount of a loss, when material, will exceed the recorded provision. When a loss contingency is probable but not reasonably estimable the nature of the contingency and the fact that an estimate cannot be made is disclosed.
Product Warranty
The Company warrants most of its products for a specific period of time, usually 12 to 24 months from delivery or acceptance, against material defects. The Company provides for the estimated future costs of warranty obligations in cost of revenues when the related revenues are recognized. The accrued warranty costs represent the best estimate at the time of sale of the total costs that the Company will incur to repair or replace product parts that fail while still under warranty.
The amount of the accrued estimated warranty costs obligation for established products is primarily based on historical experience of product failures, adjusted for current information on repair costs. For new products, estimates include the historical experience of similar products, as well as a reasonable allowance for warranty expenses associated with new products. On a quarterly basis, the Company reviews the accrued warranty costs and updates the historical warranty cost trends, if required.
The following table reflects the changes in the Company’s accrued product warranty:

| Three Months Ended
(In millions) | December 30, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021
Accrued product warranty, at beginning of period | $ | 7.9 |  |  | $ | 8.5 |
New accruals charged to cost of revenues | 2.8 |  |  | 1.2 |
Product warranty expenditures | (3.0) |  |  | (2.5) |
Accrued product warranty, at end of period | $ | 7.7 |  |  | $ | 7.2 |

Leases
The Company determines if an arrangement is or contains a lease at the inception of an arrangement. The Company's operating lease right-of-use ("ROU") assets represent the right to use an underlying asset over the lease term and lease liabilities represent its obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. ROU assets may also include initial direct costs incurred and prepaid lease payments, less lease incentives. Lease liabilities and their corresponding ROU assets are recognized based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term, discounted using the Company's incremental borrowing rate. The Company recognizes operating leases with lease terms of more than twelve months in operating lease assets, current operating lease liabilities, and operating lease liabilities on its Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company recognizes finance leases with lease terms of more than twelve months in property, plant, and equipment, net, accrued liabilities and other current liabilities, and other long-term liabilities on its Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. For purposes of calculating lease liabilities and the corresponding ROU assets, the Company's lease term may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that it will exercise that option.
Revenue Recognition
The Company’s revenues are derived primarily from the sale of hardware and services. The Company recognizes its revenues net of any value-added or sales tax and net of sales discounts.
The Company sells a high proportion of its X-ray products to a limited number of OEM customers. X-ray imaging components including X-ray tubes, digital detectors and image-processing tools and security and inspection products are generally sold on a stand-alone basis. However, the Company occasionally sells its digital detectors, X-ray tubes and imaging processing tools as a package that is optimized for digital X-ray imaging and sells its Linatron® X-ray linear accelerators together with its image processing software and image detection products to OEM customers that incorporate them into their inspection or irradiation systems and processes. Service contracts are often sold with certain security and inspection products and computer-aided detection products.
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The Company determines revenue recognition through the following steps:
•Identification of the contract, or contracts, with a customer
•Identification of the performance obligations in the contract
•Determination of the transaction price
•Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract
•Recognition of revenue when, or as, a performance obligation is satisfied
Transaction Price and Allocation to Performance Obligations
Transaction prices of products or services are typically based on contracted rates. To the extent that the transaction price includes variable consideration, the Company estimates the amount of variable consideration that should be included in the transaction price utilizing the expected value method when there is a large number of transactions with similar characteristics or the most likely amount method when there are two possible outcomes, depending on the circumstances of the transaction, to which the Company expects to be entitled. Variable consideration is included in the transaction price if, in the Company’s judgment, it is probable that a significant future reversal of cumulative revenue under the contract will not occur. Estimates of variable consideration and determination of whether to include estimated amounts in the transaction price are based largely on an assessment of the Company’s anticipated performance and all information (historical, current, and forecasted) that is reasonably available.
The Company allows customers to return specific parts of purchased X-ray tubes for a partial refund credit, which is identified as variable consideration. For sales with a right of return, revenue is reduced for expected returns, a liability is recorded for expected returns, and an asset is recorded for the right to recover products from customers on settling the liability. The Company recognizes a reduction to revenue and cost of sales at the time of sale and a corresponding contract liability and contract asset. The Company records this estimate based on the historical volume of product returns and adjusts the estimate on a quarterly basis based on the current quarter sales and current quarter returns.
If a contract contains a single performance obligation, the entire transaction price is allocated to the single performance obligation. Contracts that contain multiple performance obligations require an allocation of the transaction price based on the estimated relative standalone selling prices of the promised products or services underlying each performance obligation. The Company determines standalone selling prices based on the price at which the performance obligation could be sold separately.
Contracts and Performance Obligations
The Company accounts for a contract with a customer when there is an approval and commitment from both parties, the rights of the parties are identified, payment terms are identified, the contract has commercial substance and collectability of the consideration is probable. The Company's performance obligations consist mainly of transferring control of products and services identified in the contracts or purchase orders. For each contract, the Company considers the obligation to transfer products and services to the customer, which are distinct, to be performance obligations.
Recognition of Revenue
Revenue is recognized when, or as, obligations under the terms of a contract are satisfied, which occurs when control of the promised products or services is transferred to customers. Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for transferring products or services to a customer.
Product revenue is generally recognized when the customer obtains control of the Company’s product, which occurs at a point in time, and may be upon shipment or upon delivery based on the contractual shipping terms of a contract.
Service revenue is generally recognized over the term of the service contract. Services are expected to be transferred to the customer throughout the term of the contract, and the Company believes recognizing revenue ratably over the term of the contract best depicts the transfer of value to the customer.
Disaggregation of Revenue
Revenue is disaggregated from contracts between geography and by reportable operating segment, which the Company believes best depicts how the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenues and cash flows are affected by economic factors. Refer to Note 15, Segment Information, included in this report, for the disaggregation of the Company’s revenue based on reportable operating segments and Note 2, Revenue, for the disaggregation of revenue by geographic region.
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Contract Balances
Contract assets are included within the prepaid expenses and other current assets, and other assets balances in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Contract liabilities, which includes refund liabilities and deferred revenue, are included within the accrued liabilities and other current liabilities, deferred revenues, and other long-term liabilities balances in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Deferred revenue represents the Company's obligation to transfer goods and/or services to its customers for which it has already received consideration (or the amount is due) from the customer. The Company's deferred revenue balance primarily relates to contract advances and billings for warranty contracts.
Deferred revenue that is estimated to be recognized during the following twelve-month period is recorded as deferred revenues and the remaining portion is recorded as other long-term liabilities in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Costs to Obtain or Fulfill a Customer Contract
The Company has certain costs to obtain and fulfill a customer contract, such as commissions and shipping costs. The Company recognizes the incremental costs of obtaining contracts as an expense when incurred if the amortization period of the assets that the Company otherwise would have recognized is one year or less. Incremental costs of obtaining contracts that would be recognized over more than one year are not material. The Company accounts for shipping and handling activities related to contracts with customers as costs to fulfill the promise to transfer the associated products. These costs are included as a component of cost of revenues.
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
In August 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Accounting Standard Update ("ASU") 2020-06, Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity. The standard removed certain separation models in ASC 470-20 for convertible instruments, and, as a result, embedded conversion features are no longer separated from the host contract for convertible instruments with conversion features that are not required to be accounted for as derivatives under ASC 815. These convertible debt instruments are accounted for as a single liability measured at amortized cost. This results in the interest expense recognized for convertible debt instruments to be typically closer to the coupon interest rate. Further, the ASU made amendments to the earnings per share (“EPS”) guidance in Topic 260 for convertible instruments, the most significant impact of which was requiring the use of the if-converted method for diluted EPS calculation, and no longer allowing the net share settlement method. The Company adopted this ASU on October 1, 2022, using the modified retrospective method. On the date of adoption, the Company recorded an entry to reduce additional paid-in capital by $34.6 million, increase long-term debt, net by $28.0 million, decrease deferred tax assets by $0.1 million, and increase retained earnings by $6.5 million for the after-tax impact of previously recognized amortization of the debt discount associated with the Company’s Convertible Notes (as defined herein). The unamortized discount on the Company's Convertible Notes (see Note 10, Borrowings) was derecognized in the first quarter of fiscal year 2023 and the interest expense from its Convertible Notes decreased and became closer to the coupon rate of 4.00%. The impact that the adoption of ASU 2020-06 has on the Company's net income per diluted share will depend on the amount of earnings in each period and the Company's share price and could result in additional dilution.
2. REVENUE
Disaggregation of Revenue
Revenue is disaggregated from contracts by geographic region and by reportable operating segment, which the Company believes best depicts how the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenues and cash flows are affected by economic factors.
The following table disaggregates the Company’s revenue by geographic region:

| Three Months Ended |  |
(In millions) | December 30, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021 |  |  |  |
Americas | $ | 74.8 |  |  | $ | 60.5 |  |  |  |  |
EMEA | 64.0 |  |  | 67.4 |  |  |  |  |
APAC | 66.8 |  |  | 70.9 |  |  |  |  |
| $ | 205.6 |  |  | $ | 198.8 |  |  |  |  |

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Revenue in the United States was $74.1 million and $58.8 million for the three months ended December 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.
Our products are sold in three geographic regions: the Americas, EMEA, and APAC. The Americas includes North America (primarily the United States) and Latin America. EMEA includes Europe, Russia, the Middle East, India and Africa. APAC includes Asia (other than India) and Australia. Revenues by region are based on the known final destination of products sold.
Refer to Note 15, Segment Information, for the disaggregation of the Company’s revenue based on reportable operating segments.
Contract Balances
The following table summarizes the changes in the contract assets and refund liabilities for the three months ended December 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:

| Contract Assets |  |  |
| Three Months Ended |  |  |
(In millions) | December 30, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021 |  |  |
Balance at beginning of period | $ | 25.4 |  |  | $ | 24.3 |  |  |  |
Costs recovered from product returns during the period | (1.5) |  |  | (1.5) |  |  |  |
Contract asset from shipments of products, subject to return during the period | 1.5 |  |  | 1.8 |  |  |  |
Balance at end of period | $ | 25.4 |  |  | $ | 24.6 |  |  |  |

| Refund Liabilities |  |  |
| Three Months Ended |  |  |
(In millions) | December 30, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021 |  |  |
Balance at beginning of period | $ | 28.2 |  |  | $ | 27.0 |  |  |  |
Release of refund liability included in beginning of year refund liability | (1.6) |  |  | (1.6) |  |  |  |
Additions to refund liabilities | 1.7 |  |  | 1.9 |  |  |  |
Balance at end of period | $ | 28.3 |  |  | $ | 27.3 |  |  |  |

During the three months ended December 30, 2022, the Company recognized revenue of $4.2 million related to deferred revenues which existed at September 30, 2022. During the three months ended December 31, 2021, the Company recognized revenue of $4.1 million related to deferred revenues that existed at October 1, 2021.
3. LEASES
The Company has operating and finance leases for office space, warehouse and manufacturing space, vehicles and certain equipment. During fiscal year 2022, the Company recorded a loss due to abandonment of $1.9 million, which is included in selling, general and administrative on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. The following table presents supplemental balance sheet information related to the Company's operating and finance leases:

(In millions) | Balance Sheet Location |  | December 30, 2022 |  | September 30, 2022
Assets |  |  |  |  |
Operating lease right-of-use assets | Operating lease assets |  | $ | 22.1 |  |  | $ | 23.2 |
Finance lease right-of-use assets | Property, plant, and equipment, net |  | 0.3 |  |  | 0.3 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |
Operating lease liabilities (current) | Current operating lease liabilities |  | 3.9 |  |  | 4.0 |
Finance lease liabilities (current) | Accrued liabilities and other current liabilities |  | 0.2 |  |  | 0.2 |
Operating lease liabilities (non-current) | Operating lease liabilities |  | 17.9 |  |  | 18.0 |
Finance lease liabilities (non-current) | Other long-term liabilities |  | $ | 0.1 |  |  | $ | 0.1 |

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The following table provides information related to the Company’s operating and finance leases:

| Three Months Ended |  |
(In millions) | December 30, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021 |  |  |  |
Total operating lease costs(1) | $ | 1.5 |  |  | $ | 2.0 |  |  |  |  |
Total finance lease costs | $ | 0.1 |  |  | $ | 0.1 |  |  |  |  |
Operating cash flows from operating leases | $ | 1.6 |  |  | $ | 1.9 |  |  |  |  |
Financing cash flows from finance leases | 0.1 |  |  | 0.1 |  |  |  |  |
Total cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities | $ | 1.7 |  |  | $ | 2.0 |  |  |  |  |
Noncash operating right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new lease liabilities | $ | — |  |  | $ | 0.1 |  |  |  |  |

(1) Includes variable and short-term lease expense, which were immaterial for the three months ended December 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.
4. RELATED-PARTY TRANSACTIONS
Investment in Privately-Held Companies
The Company has a 40% ownership interest in dpiX Holding LLC (“dpiX Holding”), a holding company that has a 100% ownership interest in dpiX LLC (“dpiX”), a supplier of amorphous silicon-based thin film transistor arrays for flat panels used in its digital image detectors. In accordance with the dpiX Holding operating agreement, net profits or losses are allocated to the members in accordance with their ownership interests.
The investment in dpiX Holding is accounted for under the equity method of accounting. When the Company recognizes its share of net profits or losses of dpiX Holding, profits or losses in inventory purchased from dpiX are eliminated. During the three months ended December 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company recorded income (loss) on the equity investment in dpiX Holding of $2.0 million and $(0.7) million, respectively. The income and loss on the equity investment in dpiX Holding are included in other expense, net in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. The carrying value of the equity investment in dpiX Holding was $44.4 million and $42.4 million at December 30, 2022 and September 30, 2022, respectively.
During the three months ended December 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company purchased glass transistor arrays from dpiX totaling $5.0 million and $5.2 million, respectively. These purchases of glass transistor arrays are included as a component of inventories on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets or cost of revenues in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
As of December 30, 2022, and September 30, 2022, the Company had accounts payable to dpiX totaling $3.3 million and $3.1 million, respectively.
The Company has the right to 50% of dpiX’s total manufacturing capacity. In addition, the Company is required to pay for 50% of dpiX's fixed costs, as determined at the beginning of each calendar year. In January 2023, the Company's fixed cost commitment was determined and approved by the dpiX board of directors to be $13.1 million for calendar year 2023. The amended agreement will continue unless the ownership structure of dpiX changes (as defined in the amended agreement).
The Company has determined that dpiX Holding is a variable interest entity because at-risk equity holders, as a group, lack the characteristics of a controlling financial interest. Majority votes are required to direct the manufacturing activities, legal operations and other activities that most significantly affect dpiX’s economic performance. The Company does not have majority voting rights and no power to unilaterally direct the activities of dpiX Holding and therefore is not the primary beneficiary of dpiX Holding. The Company’s exposure to loss as a result of its involvement with dpiX Holding is limited to the carrying value of the Company’s investment of $44.4 million and fixed cost commitments.
In November 2018, the Company (through one of its wholly-owned subsidiaries) and CETTEEN GmbH (“CETTEEN”), formed a German limited liability company that governs the affairs and conduct of the business of VEC Imaging GmbH & Co. KG (“VEC”), a joint venture formed to develop technology for use in X-ray imaging components. In accordance with the VEC agreement, net profits or losses are allocated to the members in accordance with their ownership interest. The Company's investment in VEC is accounted for under the equity method of accounting. The Company has determined that VEC is a variable interest entity.
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During the three months ended December 30, 2022, and December 31, 2021, the Company recorded a loss on the equity investment in VEC of $0.3 million and $0.1 million, respectively. The Company's investment in VEC was $2.2 million and $2.5 million at December 30, 2022 and September 30, 2022, respectively. As of December 30, 2022 and September 30, 2022 the Company had loans outstanding to VEC totaling $0.6 million, and other receivables from VEC of $0.4 million and $0.3 million at December 30, 2022 and September 30, 2022, respectively, which are recorded in prepaid expenses and other current assets in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
5. RESTRUCTURING
In July 2018, the Company committed to relocate the production of amorphous silicon glass for digital detectors from its Santa Clara facility to the dpiX fabrication facility in Colorado. In July 2019, the Company committed to close its Santa Clara facility and to relocate the remaining production to its other existing facilities. The Company ceased all operations at the Santa Clara facility as of October 2, 2020, and all activities related to the closure of the facility were completed by the end of December 2020.
Cash outflows associated with these restructuring charges are limited to employee termination expenses, facility closure and equipment sales and disposals. Below is a detail of restructuring charges incurred during the three months ended December 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, which predominantly relate to the Company's Medical segment:

|  |  | Three Months Ended |  |
(In millions) | Location of Restructuring Charges in Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations |  | December 30, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021 |  |  |  |
Other assets impairment charges | Selling, general and administrative |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1.8 |  |  |  |  |

6. FINANCIAL DERIVATIVES AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES
As part of the Company’s overall risk management practices, the Company enters into financial derivatives to manage its financial exposures to foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates.
The Company records all derivatives on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value. The accounting for changes in the fair value of derivatives depends on the intended use of the derivative, whether the Company has elected to designate a derivative in a hedging relationship and apply hedge accounting, and whether the hedging relationship has satisfied the criteria necessary to apply hedge accounting. A qualitative assessment of hedge effectiveness is performed on a quarterly basis, unless facts and circumstances indicate the hedge may no longer be highly effective, in which case the Company would test for effectiveness on a more frequent basis. The changes in fair value for all trades that are not designated for hedge accounting are recognized in current period income. The Company does not offset fair value amounts recognized for derivative instruments in its Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets for presentation purposes.
Credit risk related to derivative transactions reflects the risk that a party to the transaction could fail to meet its obligation under the derivative contracts. Therefore, the Company’s exposure to the counterparty’s credit risk is generally limited to the amounts, if any, by which the counterparty’s obligations to the Company exceed the Company’s obligations to the counterparty. The Company’s policy is to enter into contracts only with financial institutions that meet certain minimum credit ratings to help mitigate counterparty credit risk.
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments - Net Investment Hedges
The Company uses cross currency swap contracts as net investment hedges to manage its risk of variability in foreign currency-denominated net investments in wholly-owned international operations. All changes in fair value of the derivatives designated as net investment hedges are reported in accumulated other comprehensive income along with the foreign currency translation adjustments on those investments. During the three months ended December 30, 2022, the Company terminated all three of its previously outstanding cross currency swap contracts which resulted in cash received upon settlement of $7.3 million. The gain on the swap was recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income where it will remain until such time that substantial liquidation of the international operations should occur. Concurrent with the termination of the previous cross currency swaps, the Company entered into two new cross currency swaps which have been designated as net investment hedges.
As of December 30, 2022, the Company had the following outstanding derivatives designated as net investment hedging instruments:

(In millions, except number of instruments) | Number of Instruments |  | Notional Value
Cross currency swap contracts | 2 |  | $ | 58.7 |

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The following table summarizes the amount of pre-tax income recognized from derivative instruments for the periods indicated and the line items in the accompanying statements of operations where the results are recorded for net investment hedges:

| Amount of (Loss) Gain Recognized in OCI on Derivative Three Months Ended |  | Location of Gain Recognized in Income on Derivative (Amount Excluded from Effectiveness Testing) |  | Amount of Gain Recognized in Income on Derivative (Amount Excluded from Effectiveness Testing) Three Months Ended
(In millions) | December 30, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021 |  |  | December 30, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021
Cross currency swap contracts | $ | (4.0) |  |  | $ | 0.8 |  |  | Interest expense |  | $ | 0.2 |  |  | $ | 0.3 |

These derivative instruments are subject to master netting agreements giving effect to rights of offset with each counterparty. None of the balances were eligible for netting. The following table summarizes the gross fair values of derivative instruments as of the periods indicated and the line items in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets where the instruments are recorded:

(In millions) |  |  |  | Derivative Assets and Liabilities
Derivatives Designated as Net Investment Hedges |  | Balance Sheet Location |  | December 30, 2022 |  | September 30, 2022
Cross currency swap contracts |  | Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  | $ | 1.1 |  |  | $ | 1.2 |
Cross currency swap contracts |  | Other assets |  | — |  |  | 6.3 |
Cross currency swap contracts |  | Other long-term liabilities |  | $ | 4.7 |  |  | $ | — |

7. FAIR VALUE
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
The fair values of certain of the Company’s financial instruments, including bank deposits included in cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, net and accounts payable, approximate their fair values due to their short maturities. As of December 30, 2022, the fair values of the Company's Convertible Notes and Senior Secured Notes, as defined in Note 10, Borrowings and measured using Level 1 inputs, were $229.0 million and $239.3 million, respectively. As of September 30, 2022, the fair values of the Company's Convertible Notes and Senior Secured Notes, measured using Level 1 inputs, were $250.2 million and $241.3 million, respectively. The Company has elected to use the income approach to value its derivative instruments using standard valuation techniques and Level 2 inputs, such as currency spot rates, forward points and credit default swap spreads.
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In the tables below, the Company has segregated all assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis into the most appropriate level within the fair value hierarchy based on the inputs used to determine the fair value at the measurement date.

| Fair Value at December 30, 2022
(In millions) | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets and Liabilities (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |  | Total
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Money market funds | $ | — |  |  | $ | 21.5 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 21.5 |
Commercial paper | — |  |  | 4.9 |  |  | — |  |  | 4.9 |
Corporate notes/bonds | — |  |  | 3.6 |  |  | — |  |  | 3.6 |
Government agencies | — |  |  | 0.3 |  |  | — |  |  | 0.3 |
U.S. Treasury bills | — |  |  | 10.3 |  |  | — |  |  | 10.3 |
Derivative assets | — |  |  | 1.1 |  |  | — |  |  | 1.1 |
Deferred compensation plan(1) | 5.8 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5.8 |
Marketable equity securities | 4.5 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4.5 |
Total assets measured at fair value | $ | 10.3 |  |  | $ | 41.7 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 52.0 |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivative liabilities | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4.7 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4.7 |
Total liabilities measured at fair value | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4.7 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4.7 |

| Fair Value at September 30, 2022
(In millions) | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets and Liabilities (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |  | Total
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Money market funds | $ | — |  |  | $ | 36.6 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 36.6 |
Commercial paper | — |  |  | 5.9 |  |  | — |  |  | 5.9 |
Corporate notes/bonds | — |  |  | 3.6 |  |  | — |  |  | 3.6 |
Government agencies | — |  |  | 0.3 |  |  | — |  |  | 0.3 |
U.S. Treasury bills | — |  |  | 10.2 |  |  | — |  |  | 10.2 |
Derivative assets | — |  |  | 7.5 |  |  | — |  |  | 7.5 |
Deferred compensation plan(1) | 5.4 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5.4 |
Marketable equity securities | 2.5 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2.5 |
Total assets measured at fair value | $ | 7.9 |  |  | $ | 64.1 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 72.0 |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivative liabilities | $ | — |  |  | $ | 0.3 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 0.3 |
Total liabilities measured at fair value | $ | — |  |  | $ | 0.3 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 0.3 |

(1) The assets held under the Company's deferred compensation plan are classified in Level 1 as they relate primarily to publicly traded mutual funds for which there are observable market prices in active markets.
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Marketable Debt Securities
The following tables summarize the Company's marketable debt securities:

| December 30, 2022
(In millions) | Amortized Costs |  |  |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value
Commercial paper | $ | 4.9 |  |  |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4.9 |
Corporate notes/bonds | 3.7 |  |  |  |  | (0.1) |  |  | 3.6 |
U.S. Treasury bills | 10.3 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 10.3 |
Government agencies | 0.3 |  |  |  | — |  |  | 0.3
Total marketable debt securities | $ | 19.2 |  |  |  |  | $ | (0.1) |  |  | $ | 19.1 |

| September 30, 2022
(In millions) | Amortized Costs |  |  |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value
Commercial paper | $ | 5.9 |  |  |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5.9 |
Corporate notes/bonds | 3.7 |  |  |  |  | (0.1) |  |  | 3.6 |
U.S. Treasury bills | 10.2 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 10.2 |
Government agencies | 0.3 |  |  |  | — |  |  | 0.3
Total marketable debt securities | $ | 20.1 |  |  |  |  | $ | (0.1) |  |  | $ | 20.0 |

The contractual maturities of marketable debt securities as of December 30, 2022, are shown in the table below. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations.

| December 30, 2022
(In millions) | Amortized Costs |  | Fair Value
Contractual maturities: |  |  |
Due within one year | $ | 16.8 |  |  | $ | 16.7 |
Due after one year through five years | 2.4 |  |  | 2.4 |
Total marketable debt securities | $ | 19.2 |  |  | $ | 19.1 |

During the three months ended December 30, 2022, there were no gross realized gains or losses from the sale of certain marketable debt securities that were reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income.
The following tables summarize the balance sheet locations for marketable debt securities:

| December 30, 2022
(In millions) | Commercial paper |  | Corporate notes/bonds |  | Government agencies |  | Treasury bills |  | Total
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | $ | 4.9 |  |  | $ | 2.4 |  |  | $ | 0.3 |  |  | $ | 9.1 |  |  | $ | 16.7 |
Other assets | — |  |  | 1.2 |  |  | — |  |  | 1.2 |  |  | 2.4 |
Total marketable debt securities | $ | 4.9 |  |  | $ | 3.6 |  |  | $ | 0.3 |  |  | $ | 10.3 |  |  | $ | 19.1 |

| September 30, 2022
(In millions) | Commercial paper |  | Corporate notes/bonds |  | Government agencies |  | Treasury bills |  | Total
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3.3 |  |  | $ | 3.3 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 5.9 |  |  | 1.9 |  |  | 0.3 |  |  | 6.4 |  |  | 14.5 |
Other assets | — |  |  | 1.7 |  |  | — |  |  | 0.5 |  |  | 2.2 |
Total marketable debt securities | $ | 5.9 |  |  | $ | 3.6 |  |  | $ | 0.3 |  |  | $ | 10.2 |  |  | $ | 20.0 |

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8. INVENTORIES
The following table summarizes the Company’s inventories:

(In millions) | December 30, 2022 |  | September 30, 2022
Raw materials and parts | $ | 247.5 |  |  | $ | 240.3 |
Work-in-process | 25.1 |  |  | 23.2 |
Finished goods | 47.7 |  |  | 39.7 |
Total inventories | $ | 320.3 |  |  | $ | 303.2 |

9. GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS
The following table reflects goodwill by reportable operating segment:

(In millions) | Medical |  | Industrial |  | Total
Balance at September 30, 2022 | $ | 169.4 |  |  | $ | 115.1 |  |  | $ | 284.5 |
Foreign currency translation adjustments | 2.2 |  |  | 1.5 |  |  | 3.7 |
Balance at December 30, 2022 | $ | 171.6 |  |  | $ | 116.6 |  |  | $ | 288.2 |

The following table reflects the gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization of the Company’s finite-lived intangible assets included in other assets in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets:

| December 30, 2022 |  | September 30, 2022
(In millions) | Gross Carrying Amount |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net Carrying Amount |  | Gross Carrying Amount |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net Carrying Amount
Acquired existing technology | $ | 71.5 |  |  | $ | (52.3) |  |  | $ | 19.2 |  |  | $ | 70.0 |  |  | $ | (49.9) |  |  | $ | 20.1 |
Patents, licenses and other | 12.5 |  |  | (11.8) |  |  | 0.7 |  |  | 12.3 |  |  | (11.6) |  |  | 0.7 |
Customer contracts and supplier relationship | 50.3 |  |  | (38.5) |  |  | 11.8 |  |  | 49.6 |  |  | (36.8) |  |  | 12.8 |
Total intangible assets | $ | 134.3 |  |  | $ | (102.6) |  |  | $ | 31.7 |  |  | $ | 131.9 |  |  | $ | (98.3) |  |  | $ | 33.6 |

Amortization expense for intangible assets was $3.4 million and $3.8 million for the three months ended December 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.
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10. BORROWINGS
The following table summarizes the Company's short-term and long-term debt:

| December 30, 2022 |  | September 30, 2022 |  |  |  |
(In millions, except for percentages) | Amount |  | Amount |  | Contractual Interest Rate |  | Effective Interest Rate
Current maturities of long-term debt |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other debt | $ | 2.1 |  |  | $ | 2.1 |  |  |  |  |
Non-current maturities of long-term debt: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Convertible Senior Unsecured Notes | $ | 200.0 |  |  | $ | 200.0 |  |  | 4.0% |  | 4.8%
Senior Secured Notes | 243.0 |  |  | 243.0 |  |  | 7.9% |  | 8.2%
Other debt | 4.6 |  |  | 4.6 |  |  |  |  |
Total non-current maturities of long-term debt: | $ | 447.6 |  |  | $ | 447.6 |  |  |  |  |
Unamortized issuance costs and debt discounts |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Unamortized discount - Convertible Notes(1) | $ | — |  |  | $ | (28.7) |  |  |  |  |
Unamortized issuance costs - Convertible Notes(1) | (3.5) |  |  | (3.1) |  |  |  |  |
Unamortized issuance costs - Senior Secured Notes | (3.3) |  |  | (3.5) |  |  |  |  |
Total | $ | (6.8) |  |  | $ | (35.3) |  |  |  |  |
Total debt outstanding, net | $ | 442.9 |  |  | $ | 414.4 |  |  |  |  |
Equity component of Convertible Senior Unsecured Notes(2) | $ | — |  |  | $ | 49.7 |  |  |  |  |

(1) In connection with the adoption of ASU 2020-06, the unamortized discount related to the Convertible Notes was derecognized and the carrying value of the issuance costs was adjusted in the first quarter of fiscal year 2023. Refer to Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for further details.
(2) Included in additional paid-in capital on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
The following table summarizes the Company's interest expense:

| Three Months Ended |  |
| December 30, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021 |  |  |  |
Contractual interest coupon and other | $ | 6.9 |  |  | $ | 7.3 |  |  |  |  |
Amortization of debt issuance costs | 0.6 |  |  | 0.5 |  |  |  |  |
Amortization of debt discounts | — |  |  | 2.1 |  |  |  |  |
Total interest expense | $ | 7.5 |  |  | $ | 9.9 |  |  |  |  |

Convertible Senior Unsecured Notes
On June 9, 2020, Varex issued $200.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 4.00% Convertible Senior Unsecured Notes due 2025 (“Convertible Notes”). The net proceeds from the issuance of the Convertible Notes, after deducting transaction fees and offering expense payable by the Company, were approximately $193.1 million. The Convertible Notes bear interest at the annual rate of 4.00%, payable semiannually on June 1 and December 1 of each year, beginning on December 1, 2020, and will mature on June 1, 2025, unless earlier converted or repurchased by Varex.
The Convertible Notes are convertible into cash, shares of Varex common stock or a combination thereof, at Varex's election, at an initial conversion rate of 48.048 shares of common stock per $1,000 principal amount of Convertible Notes, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $20.81 per share, subject to adjustment pursuant to the terms of the indenture governing the Convertible Notes. The Convertible Notes may be converted at any time after, and including, December 15, 2024 until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately before the maturity date. The maximum number of shares issuable upon conversion of the Convertible Notes is 9.6 million.
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Call Spread
On June 4, 2020 and June 5, 2020, in connection with the offering of the Convertible Notes, Varex entered into privately negotiated convertible note hedge transactions (collectively, the “Hedge Transactions”). The Hedge Transactions cover, subject to customary anti-dilution adjustments, the number of shares of Varex common stock that were initially covered by the Convertible Notes. The Hedge Transactions are expected generally to reduce the potential dilution and/or offset any cash payments Varex is required to make in excess of the principal amount due upon conversion of the Convertible Notes in the event that the market price of Varex common stock is greater than the strike price of the Hedge Transactions, which was initially $20.81 per share (subject to adjustment under the terms of the Hedge Transactions). The strike price of $20.81 corresponds to the initial conversion price of the Convertible Notes. The number of shares underlying the Hedge Transactions is 9.6 million.
On June 4, 2020 and June 5, 2020, Varex also entered into privately negotiated warrant transactions (collectively, the “Warrant Transactions” and, together with the Hedge Transactions, the “Call Spread Transactions”), whereby the Company sold warrants at a higher strike price relating to the same number of shares of Varex common stock that were initially covered by the Convertible Notes, subject to customary anti-dilution adjustments. The initial strike price of the warrants is $24.975 per share (subject to adjustment under the terms of the Warrant Transactions), which was 50% above the last reported sale price of Varex common stock on June 4, 2020. The Warrant Transactions could have a dilutive effect to the Company's stockholders to the extent that the market price per share of Varex common stock, as measured under the terms of the Warrant Transactions, exceeds the applicable strike price of the warrants. The number of shares underlying the Warrant Transactions is 9.6 million. The number of warrants outstanding as of December 30, 2022 was 9.6 million.
Senior Secured Notes
Varex issued $300.0 million aggregate principal amount of 7.875% Senior Secured Notes due 2027 (the "Senior Secured Notes") pursuant to an indenture dated September 30, 2020. Interest payments are paid semiannually on April 15 and October 15 of each year, beginning on April 15, 2021.
The Senior Secured Notes are secured by a first priority lien on substantially all of the assets of Varex and the assets and capital stock of its subsidiary guarantors (subject to exceptions), except for assets for which a first priority security interest is pledged for the ABL Facility (defined below), in which the Senior Secured Notes will have a second lien security interest. The Senior Secured Notes include negative covenants, subject to certain exceptions, restricting or limiting Varex's ability and the ability of its restricted subsidiaries to, among other things, incur liens on collateral; sell certain assets; incur additional indebtedness; pay dividends; issue preferred shares; consolidate, merge, or sell all or substantially all of its assets; and enter into certain transactions with their affiliates.
Asset-Based Loan
On September 30, 2020, the Company entered into a revolving credit agreement consisting of a $100.0 million asset-based loan revolving credit facility (the “Asset-Based Loan” or "ABL Facility"). Borrowings under the Asset-Based Loan bear interest at floating rates based on the Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR"), or a comparable rate, or a base rate, and an applicable margin based on Average Daily Excess Availability (as defined in the Asset-Based Loan Agreement). In addition, the Company is required to pay a quarterly commitment fee of 0.25%, based on the aggregate unused commitments under the Asset-Based Loan.
The ABL Facility matures on the earlier of September 30, 2025 or 91 days prior to the maturity of the Convertible Notes, at which time all outstanding amounts under the ABL Facility will be due and payable. The maximum availability under the ABL Facility is $100.0 million; however, the borrowing base under the ABL Facility fluctuates from month-to-month depending on the amount of eligible accounts receivable, inventory, and real estate. As of December 30, 2022, the amount available under the ABL Facility was $92.0 million and the ABL Facility remains undrawn.
The ABL Facility includes various restrictive covenants that limit the Company's ability to engage in certain transactions, including the incurrence of debt, payment of dividends and other restrictive payments, existence of restrictions affecting subsidiaries, sales of stock and assets, certain affiliate transactions, modifications of debt documents and organizational documents, changes to line of business and fiscal year, incurrence of liens, making fundamental changes, prepayments of junior indebtedness, and certain other transactions.
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11. NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS
In September 2018, the Company entered into a partnership in Saudi Arabia. The Company has majority voting rights with an approximate 75% interest. Accordingly, the Company has consolidated the operations of the Saudi Arabia partnership in its condensed consolidated financial statements and recorded the noncontrolling interests. The noncontrolling interest related to the partner’s 25% interest in the joint venture is included in noncontrolling interests in the equity section of the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Income representing the noncontrolling partner's share of income from operations is included in the Company's Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
In April 2015, the Company acquired 73.5% of the then outstanding shares of MeVis Medical Solutions AG (“MeVis”), a publicly traded company based in Bremen, Germany that provides image processing software and services for cancer screening. In August 2015, the Company, through one of its German subsidiaries, entered into a Domination and Profit and Loss Transfer Agreement (the “DPLTA”) with MeVis. In fiscal years 2017 and 2018, the Company purchased an additional 0.2% of outstanding shares such that the Company now owns 73.7% of the outstanding shares of common stock of MeVis. Under the DPLTA, MeVis subordinates its management to the Company and undertakes to transfer all its annual profits and losses to the Company. In return, the DPLTA grants the noncontrolling shareholders of MeVis an annual recurring net compensation of €0.95 per MeVis share. At December 30, 2022, noncontrolling shareholders together held approximately 0.5 million shares of MeVis, representing 26.3% of the outstanding shares.
Changes in noncontrolling interests were as follows:

| Three Months Ended
(In millions) | December 30, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021
Noncontrolling interests, at beginning of period | $ | 13.3 |  |  | $ | 13.2 |
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | 0.1 |  |  | 0.2 |
Other | (0.1) |  |  | (0.1) |
Noncontrolling interests, at end of period | $ | 13.3 |  |  | $ | 13.3 |

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12. NET INCOME PER SHARE
Basic net income per common share is computed by dividing the net income for the period by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the reporting period. Diluted net income per common share reflects the effects of potentially dilutive securities, which is computed by dividing net income by the sum of the weighted average number of common shares outstanding and dilutive common shares.
A reconciliation of the numerator and denominator used in the calculation of basic and diluted net income common share is as follows:

| Three Months Ended |  |
(In millions, except per share amounts) | December 30, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021 |  |  |  |
Net income per share - basic |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income attributable to Varex | $ | 3.1 |  |  | $ | 1.4 |  |  |  |  |
Basic weighted average shares outstanding | 40.1 |  |  | 39.5 |  |  |  |  |
Basic net income per share attributable to Varex | $ | 0.08 |  |  | $ | 0.04 |  |  |  |  |
Net income per share - diluted |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income attributable to Varex | $ | 3.1 |  |  | $ | 1.4 |  |  |  |  |
Basic weighted average shares outstanding | 40.1 |  |  | 39.5 |  |  |  |  |
Dilutive effect of Convertible Notes | — |  |  | 2.6 |  |  |  |  |
Dilutive effect of share-based awards and other | 0.5 |  |  | 0.7 |  |  |  |  |
Dilutive effect of warrants | — |  |  | 1.1 |  |  |  |  |
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding | 40.6 |  |  | 43.9 |  |  |  |  |
Diluted net income per share attributable to Varex | $ | 0.08 |  |  | $ | 0.03 |  |  |  |  |
Anti-dilutive share summary |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Restricted stock and options | 3.0 |  |  | 2.5 |  |  |  |  |
Convertible notes | 9.6 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Warrants | 1.9 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Total anti-dilutive shares | 14.5 |  |  | 2.5 |  |  |  |  |

Potentially dilutive shares, which are based on the weighted-average shares of common stock underlying stock options, unvested stock awards, purchase rights granted under the employee stock purchase plan, warrants and Convertible Notes using the treasury stock method or the if-converted method, as applicable, are included when calculating diluted net income per share attributable to Varex when their effect is dilutive. As of October 1, 2022, the Company adopted ASU 2020-06 using the modified retrospective method. The standard requires the Company to apply the if-converted method in relation to the Convertible Notes, which requires the Company to assume that the Convertible Notes were converted using only share settlement at the beginning of the period, resulting in an additional 9.6 million shares outstanding. Using this method, the numerator is affected by adding back interest expense and the denominator is affected by including the effect of potential share settlement, if the effect is dilutive. Prior to the adoption of ASU 2020-06, the Convertible Notes were accounted for using the treasury stock method for the purposes of net income per share. See Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, "Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements" for further details concerning the adoption of ASU 2020-06). Furthermore, in connection with the offering of the Convertible Notes, the Company entered into convertible note hedges and warrants (see Note 10, Borrowings). However, the Company's convertible note hedges are not included when calculating potentially dilutive shares since their effect is always anti-dilutive.
13. EMPLOYEE STOCK PLANS
Share-Based Compensation Expense
Share-based compensation expense recognized in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations is based on awards ultimately expected to vest. Share-based compensation expense includes expenses related to the Company’s direct employees.
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The table below summarizes the effect of recording share-based compensation expense and the option component of the employee stock purchase plan shares:

| Three Months Ended |  |
(In millions) | December 30, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021 |  |  |  |
Cost of revenues | $ | 0.4 |  |  | $ | 0.4 |  |  |  |  |
Research and development | 0.8 |  |  | 0.8 |  |  |  |  |
Selling, general and administrative | 2.1 |  |  | 2.2 |  |  |  |  |
Total share-based compensation expense | $ | 3.3 |  |  | $ | 3.4 |  |  |  |  |

Stock Option Activity
The following table summarizes the activity for stock options under Varex’s employee incentive plans for the Company's employees:

(In thousands, except per share amounts and the remaining term) | Options |  | Price Range |  | Weighted Average Exercise Price |  | Weighted Average Remaining Term (in years) |  | Aggregate Intrinsic Value(1)
Outstanding at September 30, 2022 | 2,902 |  |  | $13.61 - $37.60 |  | $ | 28.97 |  |  | 4.5 |  | $ | 1,361.4 |
Granted | 385 |  |  | $22.13 |  | 22.13 |  |  |  |  |
Canceled, expired or forfeited | (196) |  |  | $25.06 - $37.10 |  | 31.44 |  |  |  |  |
Outstanding at December 30, 2022 | 3,091 |  |  | $13.61 - $37.60 |  | $ | 27.96 |  |  | 5.2 |  | $ | 1,209.5 |
Exercisable at December 30, 2022 | 2,070 |  |  | $13.61 - $37.60 |  | $ | 29.52 |  |  | 3.4 |  | $ | 672.3 |

(1) The aggregate intrinsic value represents the total pre-tax intrinsic value, which is computed based on the difference between the exercise price and the closing price of Varex common stock of $20.30 as of December 30, 2022, the last trading date of the Company's first quarter, and which represents the amount that would have been received by the option holders had all option holders exercised their options and sold the shares received upon exercise as of that date.
Restricted Stock Units, Restricted Stock Awards and Deferred Stock Units
The following table summarizes the activity for restricted stock units, restricted stock awards and deferred stock units under Varex’s 2020 Omnibus Stock Plan and 2017 Omnibus Stock Plan:

(In thousands, except per share amounts) | Number of Shares |  | Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Outstanding at September 30, 2022 | 1,045 |  |  | $ | 24.35 |
Granted | 492 |  |  | 20.12 |
Vested | (3) |  |  | 23.70 |
Canceled or expired | (28) |  |  | 25.50 |
Outstanding at December 30, 2022 | 1,506 |  |  | $ | 22.95 |

14. TAXES ON INCOME
For the three months ended December 30, 2022, the Company recognized income tax expense of $2.2 million on $5.4 million of pre-tax income. For the three months ended December 31, 2021, the Company recognized income tax expense of $1.7 million on $3.3 million of pre-tax income. The Company is unable to recognize a tax benefit for pre-tax book losses in certain foreign jurisdictions but has recognized tax expense for profitable foreign jurisdictions.
The Company's tax expense for the three months ended December 30, 2022 increased, primarily due to increased pre-tax income in certain jurisdictions, valuation allowance positions in the U.S. on deferred tax attributes, and losses in certain foreign jurisdictions for which no benefit can be recorded.
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The Company is maintaining its reinvestment assertion with respect to foreign earnings for the three months ended December 30, 2022, which is that all earnings prior to fiscal year 2018 are permanently reinvested for all countries, and that all earnings for Direct Conversion, located primarily in Sweden and Finland, are also indefinitely reinvested in those countries, but post fiscal year 2017 earnings in all other countries are not permanently reinvested. Due to the level of earnings available for repatriation, the treaty benefits applicable to jurisdictions in which those earnings are located, and the now favorable U.S. tax treatment of repatriated foreign earnings, the amount of deferred tax liability recorded related to the potential repatriation is approximately $0.1 million. This estimated liability is for U.S. state income taxes and foreign withholding taxes that would apply if the foreign earnings were repatriated in the form of a dividend.
15. SEGMENT INFORMATION
The Company has two reportable operating segments: Medical and Industrial, which aligns with how the CODM reviews the Company’s performance and evaluates the business for the allocation of resources. The segments align the Company’s products and service offerings with customer use in medical and industrial markets. The CODM allocates resources to and evaluates the financial performance of each operating segment primarily based on revenues and gross profit. The reportable operating segment structure provides alignment between business strategies and operating results.
Description of Segments
The Medical segment designs, manufactures, sells and services X-ray imaging components, including X-ray tubes, digital detectors, ionization chambers and buckys, high voltage connectors, image-processing software and workstations, 3D reconstruction software, computer-aided diagnostic software, collimators, automatic exposure control devices, generators, and heat exchangers. These components are used in a range of medical imaging applications including CT, mammography, oncology, cardiac, surgery, dental, and other diagnostic radiography uses.
The Industrial segment designs, develops, manufactures, sells and services X-ray imaging products for use in a number of markets, including security applications for cargo screening at ports and borders and baggage screening at airports, and nondestructive testing, irradiation and inspection applications used in a number of other vertical markets. The Company's industrial products include Linatron® X-ray linear accelerators, X-ray tubes, digital detectors, high voltage connectors and coolers. In addition, the Company licenses proprietary image-processing and detection software designed to work with other Varex products to provide packaged sub-assembly solutions to industrial customers.
Accordingly, the following information is provided for purposes of achieving an understanding of operations, but it may not be indicative of the financial results of the reported segments were they independent organizations. In addition, comparisons of the Company’s operations to similar operations of other companies may not be meaningful.
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Information related to the Company’s segments is as follows:

| Three Months Ended |  |
(In millions) | December 30, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021 |  |  |  |
Revenues, net |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Medical | $ | 160.1 |  |  | $ | 155.7 |  |  |  |  |
Industrial | 45.5 |  |  | 43.1 |  |  |  |  |
Total revenues | 205.6 |  |  | 198.8 |  |  |  |  |
Gross profit |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Medical | 46.3 |  |  | 46.0 |  |  |  |  |
Industrial | 17.0 |  |  | 18.8 |  |  |  |  |
Total gross profit | 63.3 |  |  | 64.8 |  |  |  |  |
Total operating expenses | 50.3 |  |  | 50.8 |  |  |  |  |
Interest and other expense, net | (7.6) |  |  | (10.7) |  |  |  |  |
Income before taxes | 5.4 |  |  | 3.3 |  |  |  |  |
Income tax expense | 2.2 |  |  | 1.7 |  |  |  |  |
Net income | 3.2 |  |  | 1.6 |  |  |  |  |
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | 0.1 |  |  | 0.2 |  |  |  |  |
Net income attributable to Varex | $ | 3.1 |  |  | $ | 1.4 |  |  |  |  |

The Company does not disclose total assets by segment as this information is not provided to the CODM.
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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion and analysis of the financial condition and results should be read together with the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto that are contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this "Quarterly Report") as well as our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2022 and our other filings, including the Current Reports on Form 8-K, that have been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (" SEC") through the date of this report.
In this Quarterly Report, unless otherwise specified or the context otherwise requires, the "Company," "Varex," "we," "us," and "our" refer to Varex Imaging Corporation.
Forward-Looking Statements
This Quarterly Report contains “forward-looking” statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, which provides a “safe harbor” for statements about future events, products and future financial performance that are based on the beliefs of, estimates made by, and information currently available to the management of Varex. Actual results and the outcome or timing of certain events described in these forward-looking statements are subject to risk and uncertainties and may differ significantly from those projected in these forward-looking statements. Important factors that could cause our actual results and financial condition to differ significantly from those projections or expectations include, among other things, the risks outlined in the Summary of Principal Risk Factors and further described in the Risk Factors listed in Part II, Item 1A –"Risk Factors" of this Quarterly Report.
Statements concerning: supply chain and logistics challenges; cost increases; the continuing impact of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic on the global economy or the Company; the effects of inflation; industry or market segment outlook; market acceptance of or transition to new products or technology such as advanced X-ray tube and digital flat panel detector products; growth drivers; future orders, revenues, backlog, earnings or other financial results; and any statements using the terms “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “can,” “should,” “would,” “could,” “estimate,” “may,” “intended,” “potential,” and “possible” or similar statements are forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results and the outcome and timing of certain events to differ materially from those projected or management’s current expectations.
Any forward-looking statement made in this Quarterly Report (including in any exhibits or documents incorporated by reference) is based only on information currently available to Varex and its management and speaks only as of the date on which it is made. We have not assumed any obligation to, and you should not expect us to, update or revise those statements because of new information, future events or otherwise.
Overview
Varex Imaging Corporation is a leading innovator, designer and manufacturer of X-ray imaging components including tubes, digital detectors, linear accelerators, image software processing solutions and stand-alone X-ray based systems in select application areas. Our components are used in medical diagnostic imaging, security inspection systems, and industrial quality inspection systems, as well as for analysis and measurement applications in industrial manufacturing applications. Global original equipment manufacturers (“OEMs”) incorporate our X-ray imaging components into their systems to detect, diagnose, protect, irradiate and inspect. Varex has approximately 2,300 full-time equivalent employees, located at engineering, manufacturing and service center sites in North America, Europe, and Asia.
Our products are sold in three geographic regions: the Americas, EMEA, and APAC. The Americas includes North America (primarily the United States) and Latin America. EMEA includes Europe, Russia, the Middle East, India and Africa. APAC includes Asia (other than India) and Australia. Revenues by region are based on the known final destination of products sold.
Our success depends, among other things, on our ability to anticipate and respond to changes in our markets, the direction of technological innovation and the demand from our customers. We continually invest in research and development and employ approximately 300 individuals in product development related activities. Our focus on innovation and product performance along with strong and long-term customer relationships allows us to collaborate with our customers to bring industry-leading products to the X-ray imaging market. We continue to work to improve the life and quality of our imaging components and leverage our scale as one of the largest independent X-ray imaging component suppliers to provide cost-effective solutions for our customers.
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Impact of COVID-19, Inflation and the General Economic Environment
The unprecedented nature of the COVID-19 pandemic and its effect on the global economy began to significantly disrupt our business in fiscal year 2020 by initially reducing demand for our products followed by strong recovery in demand but increasing variability in supply of raw materials and manufacturing productivity.
During fiscal year 2022, demand for many of our products recovered to pre-pandemic levels and our business grew. We believe that demand for our products has increased due to increased investments in healthcare and diagnostics coupled with end-users (such as hospitals) making capital purchases that were previously deferred due to the uncertainty surrounding COVID-19. While we are encouraged by the recovery that we have seen, we remain cautious as many factors remain unpredictable and recent high rates of inflation have increased our costs and could negatively affect our future profit margins. The existence of inflation in the economy has resulted in, and may continue to result in, higher interest rates and capital costs, increased shipping costs, supply shortages, increased costs of labor and materials, weakening exchange rates and other similar effects.
We continue to experience supply chain, manufacturing, and logistics challenges that we expect will continue into 2023. As economies around the world continue to recover, shortages in raw materials have become more widespread. During the latter half of fiscal year 2021 and throughout fiscal year 2022, we experienced shortages of certain materials and used more of our inventory on hand than we have used historically. Shortages of materials, particularly micro-controller chips and associated electronic components, have caused and may continue to cause, delays in manufacturing products for our customers. In some cases, raw material shortages and delivery delays from our suppliers are communicated to us with very little advanced warning, which has caused operational and customer order fulfillment challenges. While we are dedicating significant resources to manage, mitigate, and resolve these issues, we currently expect supply chain, manufacturing, and logistics challenges to continue to impact our ability to deliver products to our customers over the next several quarters. Increased freight charges and shipping delays have also become more common and are expected to continue into the foreseeable future. Due to the rising cost environment, in addition to ongoing expense management, we began to raise prices on certain products in fiscal year 2022 and anticipate making further pricing adjustments throughout fiscal year 2023.
During the three months ended December 30, 2022, our manufacturing facilities continued to operate with minimal disruption. Notwithstanding the foregoing, local government lockdowns, particularly in China, have impacted, and could continue to impact, our manufacturing operations in affected countries.
The full extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic and ensuing supply chain, manufacturing and logistics challenges have and will directly or indirectly impact us, including our business, financial condition, and results of operations, will depend on future developments that are highly uncertain and cannot be accurately predicted. We will continue to actively monitor the situation and may take further actions we believe are in the best interest of the Company and our stockholders, which may include altering our business operations or other actions to benefit or protect our employees, customers or suppliers. For additional information on risks related to the pandemic and other supply chain risks that could impact our results, see Part II, Item 1A – "Risk Factors".
Operating Segments and Products
We have two reportable operating segments: Medical and Industrial. The segments align our products and service offerings with customer use in medical and industrial markets.
Medical
In our Medical segment, we design, manufacture, sell and service X-ray imaging components, including X-ray tubes, digital detectors and accessories, ionization chambers and buckys, high voltage connectors, image-processing software and workstations, 3D reconstruction software, computer-aided diagnostic software, collimators, automatic exposure control devices, generators, and heat exchangers. These components are used in a range of medical imaging applications including CT, mammography, oncology, cardiac, surgery, dental, and other diagnostic radiography uses.
Our X-ray imaging components are primarily sold to OEM customers. These OEM customers then design-in our products into their X-ray imaging systems for a variety of medical modalities. A substantial majority of medical X-ray imaging OEMs globally are our customers, and many of these have been our customers for over 25 years. We believe one of the reasons for customer loyalty is that our hardware and software products are tightly integrated with our customers' systems. We work very closely with our customers to create custom built components for their systems based on technology platforms that we have developed. Because our products are often customized for our customers' specific equipment, it can be costly and complex for our customers to switch to another provider. Once our components are designed into our customers' equipment, our customers will typically continue to buy from us for any replacement components and for service and support for that equipment. Some of our products are also included in product registrations for our customers' equipment that require regulatory approval to change. In addition to sales to OEM customers, we sell our products to independent service companies and distributors as well as directly to end-users for replacement purposes.
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We are one of the largest global manufacturers of X-ray imaging components and each year we produce over 28,000 X-ray tubes and 20,000 X-ray detectors. We estimate that our world-wide installed base of products includes more than 160,000 X-ray tubes, 170,000 X-ray detectors, 600,000 connect and control components and 16,000 software instances. Replacement and service of our existing installed base makes up a significant portion of our revenue. Many of our components need to be replaced regularly depending upon usage and other factors. For example, CT X-ray tubes generally need to be replaced every 2 to 6 years, in comparison to a general radiography tube which can last up to 10 years, depending on utilization. In China, the replacement cycle for CT X-ray tubes currently can be as frequent as every 10 to 20 months due to high utilization of imaging equipment. Other products such as X-ray detectors have a useful life of as much as 7 years or more, but can require more frequent service and repairs during their useful life. In addition, our detector customers often elect to upgrade products to newer technology before the end of a current product’s useful life. X-ray imaging software is a relatively small part of our business and includes maintenance revenue for software licenses.
The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant effect on hospitals, clinics and outpatient imaging centers as they encountered declines in elective procedures volume. As a result, they reduced the capital purchases of imaging equipment from OEMs, which led to lower demand for X-ray imaging components for us. Additionally, equipment installations were delayed, due to reduced access to healthcare institutions. Partially offsetting this was an increased demand for imaging equipment used to diagnose respiratory diseases, such as radiographic X-ray imaging systems and CT imaging systems. We have experienced growth in demand for our products as health systems globally have continued to address healthcare services gaps. However, we have not been able to convert all the demand into sales due to on-going supply chain related interruptions and uncertainties, particularly with the availability of micro-controller chips and other electronic components. As a result, uncertainty in overall sales volume is expected to continue at least through the fiscal year 2023.
In China, the government is broadening the availability of healthcare services. As a result, the number of diagnostic X-ray imaging systems, including CT, has grown significantly. We are developing CT X-ray tubes and related subsystems for Chinese OEMs as they introduce new systems in China. Over the long-term, our objective is to become the partner of choice both for OEMs and in the replacement market as CT systems become more widely adopted throughout the Chinese market.
In recent years our business in China has been impacted by the trade war with the United States in three principal ways: (1) importing raw materials from China to the United States has become more expensive, (2) importing raw materials and sub-assemblies from the United States to China has become more expensive, and (3) importing finished U.S. manufactured products into China has become more difficult and expensive. While the governments of both the United States and China have granted tariff exclusions that temporarily eliminate the additional duties payable for specific commodities, providing partial relief, these exclusions are temporary and/or must be solicited and approved on a shipment-by-shipment basis. There is no guarantee that such exclusions will be granted or extended by either government. In order to mitigate the impact of tariffs on materials imported from China, we have implemented changes to secure more non-China sources of materials used to manufacture our X-ray imaging products. To help mitigate the impact of tariffs on materials imported to China, and to be closer to our global customer base, we continue to expand manufacturing capabilities at our facilities in China, Germany, the Netherlands and the Philippines. We have also implemented local sourcing strategies to offer local content. This local-for-local strategy has been well received by both our local customers as well as global OEMs, and acts as a natural hedge against trade wars and other potential supply chain disruptions. Our mitigation efforts could prove less effective than anticipated if rising tensions between China and Taiwan lead to worsening trade relations between China and the United States.
Industrial
In our Industrial segment, we design, develop, manufacture, sell and service X-ray imaging products for use in a number of markets, including security applications for cargo screening at ports and borders and baggage screening at airports, and nondestructive testing, irradiation and inspection applications used in a number of other vertical markets. Our industrial products include Linatron® X-ray linear accelerators, X-ray tubes, digital detectors, high voltage connectors and coolers. In addition, we license proprietary image-processing and detection software designed to work with other Varex products to provide packaged sub-assembly solutions to our industrial customers. Our Industrial business benefits from the research and development investment and manufacturing economies of scale on the Medical side of our business, as we continue to find new applications for our technology. Along with more favorable pricing dynamics, this allows us to generally achieve higher gross profit for industrial products relative to our Medical business. In addition, our Industrial business benefits from our long-term service agreements for our Linatron® products.
The security market primarily consists of cargo security for the screening of trucks, trains, and cargo containers at ports and borders as well as airport security for carry-on baggage, checked baggage and palletized cargo. The end customers for border protection systems are typically government agencies, many of which are in oil-based economies and war zones where there can be significant variation in buying patterns.
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Non-destructive testing and inspection verticals utilize X-ray imaging to scan items for inspection of manufacturing defects and product integrity in a wide range of industries including the aerospace, automotive, electronics, oil and gas, food packaging, metal castings and 3D printing industries. In addition, new applications for X-ray sources are being developed, such as sterilization of food and its packaging. We provide X-ray sources, digital detectors, high voltage connectors and image processing software to OEM customers, system integrators and manufacturers in a variety of these verticals. We believe that the non-destructive testing market represents a significant growth opportunity for our business, and we are actively pursuing new potential applications for our products.
The economic downturn triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic reduced the demand for X-ray imaging equipment utilized in the non-destructive testing and security markets as manufacturers and end users focused on cash preservation and reduced spending for capital equipment. However, we have seen improved conditions in these markets, which continued during the three months ended December 30, 2022.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
The preparation of our condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures in conformity with GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses. These estimates and assumptions are based on historical experience and on various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances. Our critical accounting policies that are affected by accounting estimates require us to use judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates and assumptions regarding matters that are inherently uncertain, and actual results could differ materially from these estimates.
We periodically review our accounting policies, estimates and assumptions and make adjustments when facts and circumstances dictate. Refer to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2022 filed with the SEC on November 18, 2022 and Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, of the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of this report for further details. Our critical accounting policies that are affected by accounting estimates include valuation of inventories, assessment of recoverability of goodwill and intangible assets, and income taxes. Such accounting policies require us to use judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates and assumptions regarding matters that are inherently uncertain, and actual results could differ materially from these estimates. Except for the change in certain policies upon adoption of the accounting standard described in Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies of the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of this report, there have been no material changes to the Company's significant accounting policies, compared to the accounting policies described in Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for fiscal year 2022.
Fiscal Year
The fiscal years of the Company as reported are the 52 or 53-week period ending on the Friday nearest September 30. Fiscal year 2023 is the 52-week period ending September 29, 2023. Fiscal year 2022 was the 52-week period that ended on September 30, 2022. The fiscal quarters ended December 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 were both 13-week periods.
Discussion of Results of Operations for the Three Months Ended December 30, 2022 Compared to the Three Months Ended December 31, 2021
Revenues, net

| Three Months Ended |  |  |  |
(In millions) | December 30, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021 |  | $ Change |  | % Change
Medical | $ | 160.1 |  |  | $ | 155.7 |  |  | $ | 4.4 |  |  | 2.8 | %
Industrial | 45.5 |  |  | 43.1 |  |  | 2.4 |  |  | 5.6 | %
Total revenues | $ | 205.6 |  |  | $ | 198.8 |  |  | $ | 6.8 |  |  | 3.4 | %
Medical as a percentage of total revenues | 77.9 | % |  | 78.3 | % |  |  |  |
Industrial as a percentage of total revenues | 22.1 | % |  | 21.7 | % |  |  |  |

Medical revenues increased $4.4 million, primarily due to increased sales of digital detectors for dental, radiographic, and fluoroscopic modalities, partially offset by lower oncology sales.
Industrial revenues increased $2.4 million, primarily due to increased sales of digital detectors for dynamic imaging applications, partially offset by lower sales of security inspection products.
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Gross Profit

| Three Months Ended |  |  |  |
(In millions) | December 30, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021 |  | $ Change |  | % Change
Medical | $ | 46.3 |  |  | $ | 46.0 |  |  | $ | 0.3 |  |  | 0.7 | %
Industrial | 17.0 |  |  | 18.8 |  |  | (1.8) |  |  | (9.6) | %
Total gross profit | $ | 63.3 |  |  | $ | 64.8 |  |  | $ | (1.5) |  |  | (2.3) | %
Medical gross margin | 28.9 | % |  | 29.5 | % |  |  |  |
Industrial gross margin | 37.4 | % |  | 43.6 | % |  |  |  |
Total gross margin | 30.8 | % |  | 32.6 | % |  |  |  |

The increase in Medical segment gross profit was primarily due to the increased sales of digital detectors for dental, radiographic, and fluoroscopic modalities, partially offset by increased material costs.
The Industrial segment gross profit decreased primarily as a result of increased material costs, lower service revenue, and an unfavorable shift in product sales mix.
During the first quarter of fiscal year 2023, we experienced a more balanced operating environment driven by good demand for certain products, an improved supply chain, and our internal supply chain initiatives. Our product sales mix for both segments, however, shifted during the quarter and we experienced a decrease in sales of higher margin, higher-end CT tubes and certain medical detectors, coupled with lower service revenue from Industrial, which typically also carries a higher margin profile. We believe this shift was a result of our customers being cautious in response to an uncertain economic environment and difficulty in fulfilling backlog due to ongoing supply chain challenges they face for certain components. These factors contributed to our lower total gross margin during the quarter.
Operating Expenses

| Three Months Ended |  |  |  |
(In millions) | December 30, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021 |  | $ Change |  | % Change
Research and development | $ | 20.0 |  |  | $ | 17.7 |  |  | $ | 2.3 |  |  | 13.0 | %
As a percentage of total revenues | 9.7 | % |  | 8.9 | % |  |  |  |
Selling, general and administrative | $ | 30.3 |  |  | $ | 33.1 |  |  | $ | (2.8) |  |  | (8.5) | %
As a percentage of total revenues | 14.7 | % |  | 16.6 | % |  |  |  |
Operating expenses | $ | 50.3 |  |  | $ | 50.8 |  |  | $ | (0.5) |  |  | (1.0) | %
As a percentage of total revenues | 24.5 | % |  | 25.6 | % |  |  |  |

Research and Development
We are committed to investing in the business to support long-term growth and believe long-term research and development expenses of approximately 8% to 10% of annual revenues is the appropriate range that will allow us to innovate and bring new products to market for our global OEM customers. Research and development costs increased to 9.7% of revenues for the first quarter of fiscal year 2023, primarily due to increased spending on labor and material costs supporting research and development initiatives.
Selling, General and Administrative
Selling, general and administrative expenses for the first quarter of fiscal year 2023 decreased $2.8 million and decreased to 14.7% of total revenues, primarily due to decreased restructuring costs and incentive compensation compared to the prior year.
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Interest and Other Expense, Net
The following table summarizes the Company’s interest and other expense, net:

| Three Months Ended |  |  |  |
(In millions) | December 30, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021 |  | $ Change |  |
Interest income | $ | 0.5 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 0.5 |  |  |
Interest expense | (7.5) |  |  | (9.9) |  |  | 2.4 |  |  |
Other expense, net | (0.6) |  |  | (0.8) |  |  | 0.2 |  |  |
Interest and other expense, net | $ | (7.6) |  |  | $ | (10.7) |  |  | $ | 3.1 |  |  |

Interest and other expense, net decreased in the first quarter of fiscal year 2023 compared to the first quarter of 2022. Interest expense decreased due to the redemption of $27 million of our Senior Secured Notes in March 2022, reduced fees on the ABL Facility agreement, and reduced interest expense due to the adoption of ASU 2020-06. See Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, "Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements" for further details concerning the adoption of ASU 2020-06. Other expense, net decreased due to increased income in certain investments in privately-held companies and equity investments, partially offset by increased foreign exchange expense. Interest income increased primarily due to an increase in investments made into marketable debt securities.
Taxes on Income
For the three months ended December 30, 2022 we recognized income tax expense of $2.2 million on $5.4 million of pre-tax income. For the three months ended December 31, 2021 we recognized income tax expense of $1.7 million on $3.3 million of pre-tax income. Our tax expense for the three months ended December 30, 2022 increased primarily due to increased pre-tax income in certain jurisdictions, valuation allowance positions in the United States on deferred tax attributes, and losses in certain foreign jurisdictions for which no benefit can be recorded.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
We assess our liquidity in terms of our ability to generate cash to fund our operations, including working capital and investing activities. We believe that our operating cash flow, cash on our balance sheet and availability under our ABL Facility are sufficient to meet our anticipated operating cash needs for at least the next 12 months and will be sufficient to allow us to continue to invest in our existing businesses, consummate strategic acquisitions and manage our capital structure on a short and long-term basis. We are currently not aware of any trends or demands, commitments, events, or uncertainties that will result in or that are reasonably likely to result in our liquidity increasing or decreasing in any material way that will impact our capital needs during or beyond the next 12 months. The maximum availability under our ABL Facility is $100.0 million; however, the borrowing base under the ABL Facility fluctuates from month-to-month depending on the amount of eligible accounts receivable, inventory, and real estate. As of December 30, 2022 the amount available under our ABL Facility was $92.0 million, and the ABL Facility remains undrawn. See Part II, Item 1A – “Risk Factors” for a further discussion. At December 30, 2022 we had total debt of $442.9 million net of discounts and deferred issuance costs of $6.8 million.
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Certificates of Deposit and Marketable Securities
The following table summarizes our cash and cash equivalents, certificates of deposit and marketable securities:

(In millions) | December 30, 2022 |  | September 30, 2022 |  | $ Change
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 81.5 |  |  | $ | 89.4 |  |  | $ | (7.9) |
Certificates of deposit not included in cash and cash equivalents | 7.1 |  |  | 7.2 |  |  | (0.1) |
Marketable securities not included in cash and cash equivalents | 19.1 |  |  | 16.7 |  |  | 2.4 |
Total | $ | 107.7 |  |  | $ | 113.3 |  |  | $ | (5.6) |

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Borrowings
The following table summarizes the changes in our debt outstanding:

| December 30, 2022 |  | September 30, 2022 |  |  |  |  |  |
(In millions, except for percentages) | Amount |  | Amount |  | $ Change |  |  |  |
Current maturities of long-term debt |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other debt | $ | 2.1 |  |  | $ | 2.1 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  |
Non-current maturities of long-term debt: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Convertible Senior Unsecured Notes | $ | 200.0 |  |  | $ | 200.0 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  |
Senior Secured Notes | 243.0 |  |  | 243.0 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Other debt | 4.6 |  |  | 4.6 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Total non-current maturities of long-term debt: | $ | 447.6 |  |  | $ | 447.6 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  |
Unamortized issuance costs and debt discounts |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Unamortized discount - Convertible Notes(1) | $ | — |  |  | $ | (28.7) |  |  | $ | 28.7 |  |  |  |  |
Unamortized issuance costs - Convertible Notes(1) | (3.5) |  |  | (3.1) |  |  | (0.4) |  |  |  |  |
Unamortized issuance costs - Senior Secured Notes | (3.3) |  |  | (3.5) |  |  | 0.2 |  |  |  |  |
Total | $ | (6.8) |  |  | $ | (35.3) |  |  | $ | 28.5 |  |  |  |  |
Total debt outstanding, net | $ | 442.9 |  |  | $ | 414.4 |  |  | $ | 28.5 |  |  |  |  |

(1) In connection with the adoption of ASU 2020-06, the unamortized discount related to the Convertible Notes was derecognized and the carrying value of the issuance costs was adjusted in the first quarter of fiscal year 2023. Refer to Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for further details.
Cash Flows

| Three Months Ended
(In millions) | December 30, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021
Net cash flow (used in) provided by: |  |  |
Operating activities | $ | (3.7) |  |  | $ | 10.8 |
Investing activities | (3.7) |  |  | (2.6) |
Financing activities | (0.4) |  |  | 5.0 |
Effects of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash | — |  |  | (0.1) |
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash | $ | (7.8) |  |  | $ | 13.1 |

Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities. Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities was $(3.7) million and $10.8 million for the three months ended December 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. The decrease in cash provided by operating activities was primarily due to reduced collections from accounts receivable in the quarter and reduced payments for accounts payable, partially offset by decreased purchases of inventory when compared to the three months ended December 31, 2021.
Net cash used in investing activities. Net cash used in investing activities was $3.7 million and $2.6 million for the three months ended December 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. The increase in cash used in investing activities was primarily due to the purchase of marketable equity and debt securities during the three months ended December 30, 2022, partially offset by the settlement of net investment hedges.
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities. Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities was $(0.4) million and $5.0 million for the three months ended December 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. The increase in cash used in financing activities was primarily due to no proceeds from the exercise of stock options during the three months ended December 30, 2022 when compared to the three months ended December 31, 2021.
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Contractual Obligations
In October 2013, we entered into an amended agreement with dpiX and other parties that, among other things, provides us with the right to 50% of dpiX’s total manufacturing capacity produced after January 1, 2014. The amended agreement requires us to pay for 50% of the fixed costs (as defined in the amended agreement), as determined at the beginning of each calendar year. In January 2023, the fixed cost commitment was determined to be $13.1 million through the remainder of calendar year 2023. The amended agreement will continue unless the ownership structure of dpiX changes (as defined in the amended agreement).
In October 2015, pursuant to a Domination and Profit and Loss Transfer Agreement (the “MeVis Agreement”), we committed to pay the noncontrolling shareholders of MeVis an annual recurring net compensation of €0.95 per MeVis share. The annual net payment will continue for the life of the MeVis Agreement, which we anticipate will continue for as long as we remain as the controlling shareholder of MeVis. As of December 30, 2022, noncontrolling shareholders together held approximately 0.5 million shares of MeVis, representing 26.3% of the outstanding shares.
During the third quarter of fiscal year 2020, we entered into a purchase agreement with a supplier to acquire certain equipment and intellectual property from the supplier that is utilized to manufacture X-ray cables utilized in our products. The total consideration to be paid by us for the acquired assets is expected to be ¥1,084.7 million, subject to potential decreases for costs incurred by the Company. On April 14, 2022, we entered into a foreign currency hedge related to this Japanese Yen payment, which is expected to fix the purchase price of these assets at approximately $7.9 million. As of December 30, 2022, the Company has made payments totaling $6.4 million and estimates that our remaining cash payments to be made total $1.5 million.
In fiscal year 2022, the Company entered into several agreements with a third-party company, whose stock is publicly traded on a foreign exchange. Under these agreements, the Company will make certain milestone payments of up to $5.0 million upon achievement of specified milestones. During fiscal year 2022, the first of these milestones was achieved and the Company paid $1.0 million to the third-party company, which was recorded in research and development in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. The remaining milestones are expected to be achieved in fiscal year 2023.
In addition, the Company agreed to acquire, through two separate purchases, a fixed number of shares for approximately $5.0 million, representing 9.9% of the shares of the third-party company outstanding on the date the agreements were signed. The Company completed the acquisition of the first tranche of shares during fiscal year 2022 for approximately $2.4 million and the second tranche of shares during the first quarter of fiscal year 2023 for approximately $2.7 million. The Company has recorded this investment as marketable equity securities, which is included in other assets on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Contingencies
From time to time, we are a party to or otherwise involved in legal proceedings, government inspections, investigations, customs and duty audits, and other claims and contingency matters, both inside and outside the United States, arising in the ordinary course of our business or otherwise. We accrue amounts for probable losses, to the extent they can be reasonably estimated, that we believe are adequate to address any liabilities related to legal proceedings as well as other loss contingencies that we believe will result in a probable loss (including, among other things, probable settlement value). A loss or a range of loss is disclosed when it is reasonably possible that a material loss will be incurred and can be estimated or when it is reasonably possible that the amount of a loss, when material, will exceed the recorded provision. We did not have any material contingent liabilities as of December 30, 2022 and September 30, 2022. Legal expenses are expensed as incurred.
Days Sales Outstanding
Trade accounts receivable days sales outstanding (“DSO”) was 70 days at December 30, 2022 and 68 days at September 30, 2022. Our accounts receivable and DSO are impacted by a number of factors, including the timing of product shipments, collections performance, payment terms, the mix of revenues from different regions and the effects of economic instability.
Recent Accounting Standards or Updates Not Yet Effective
See Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, of the accompanying Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for a description of recent accounting standards, including the expected dates of adoption and the estimated effects on our condensed consolidated financial statements.
Backlog
Backlog is the accumulation of all orders for which revenues have not been recognized and are still considered valid. Backlog also includes a small portion of billed service contracts that are included in deferred revenue. Our estimated total backlog at December 30, 2022 was approximately $405 million.
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Orders may be revised or canceled, either according to their terms or as customers' needs change. Consequently, it is difficult to predict with certainty the amount of backlog that will result in revenues. We perform a quarterly review to verify that outstanding orders in the backlog remain valid. Aged orders that are not expected to be converted to revenues are deemed dormant and are reflected as a reduction in the backlog amounts in the period identified.
In addition to orders for which revenues have not been recognized and are still considered valid, we have pricing agreements with many of our established customers that span multi-year periods. These pricing agreements include volume ranges under which orders are placed.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risks
We are exposed to four primary types of market risks: foreign currency exchange rate risk, credit and counterparty risk, interest rate risk and commodity price risk.
Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk
A significant portion of our customers are outside the United States, while our financial statements are denominated, and our products are generally priced in U.S. Dollars. A strong U.S. Dollar may result in pricing pressure for our customers that are located outside the United States and that conduct their businesses in currencies other than the U.S. Dollar. Such pricing pressure has caused, and could continue to cause, some of our customers to ask for discounted prices, delay purchasing decisions, or consider moving to in-sourcing supply of components or migrating to lower cost alternatives. In addition, because our business is global and some payments may be made in local currency, fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates can impact our revenues and expenses and/or the profitability in U.S. Dollars of products and services that we provide or purchase in foreign markets.
We may enter into foreign currency forward and option contracts with financial institutions to protect against foreign exchange risks associated with certain existing assets and liabilities, net investments in foreign subsidiaries, and forecast purchases denominated in foreign currencies. We may hedge portions of forecasted foreign currency exposure, typically for one to three months. In addition, we hold cross-currency swaps between the Euro and U.S. Dollar as a net investment hedge of our acquisition of Direct Conversion. Depending on the spot rate between the Euro and U.S. Dollar at the time of settlement and whether we have sufficient Euros available, we may have to borrow incrementally in U.S. Dollars to settle this obligation. Additionally, we may choose not to hedge certain foreign exchange exposures for a variety of reasons including, but not limited to, accounting considerations, the prohibitive economic cost of hedging particular exposures, or due to natural offsets among the different exposures. See Note 6, Financial Derivatives and Hedging Activities, of the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further information.
Credit and Counterparty Risk
We use a centralized approach to manage substantially all of our cash and to finance our operations. Our cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities may be exposed to a concentration of credit risk, and we may also be exposed to credit risk and interest rate risk to the extent that we enter into credit facilities.
We perform ongoing credit evaluations of our customers and we maintain what we believe to be strong credit controls in evaluating and granting customer credit, including performing ongoing evaluations of our customers’ financial condition and creditworthiness and often using letters of credit or requiring certain customers to provide a down payment.
Interest Rate Risk
Borrowings under our ABL Facility bear interest at floating interest rates. At December 30, 2022, we had no borrowings subject to floating interest rates. See Note 10, Borrowings, of the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further information.
Our exposure to interest rate risk also relates to our interest-bearing assets, primarily our cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities. Fixed rate securities may have their market value adversely affected due to a rise in interest rates, while floating rate securities may produce less income than expected if interest rates fall. Due in part to these factors, our future investment income may fluctuate due to changes in interest rates or we may suffer losses in principal if we are forced to sell securities that decline in market value due to changes in interest rates.
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Commodity Price Risk
We are exposed to market risks related to volatility in the prices of raw materials used in our products. The prices of these raw materials fluctuate in response to changes in supply and demand fundamentals and our product margins and level of profitability tend to fluctuate with changes in these raw materials prices. We try to protect against such volatility through various business strategies. During the three months ended December 30, 2022, we did not have any commodity derivative instruments in place to manage our exposure to price changes.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act")) are designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including our principal executive and financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding disclosure. Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluation the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of December 30, 2022.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended December 30, 2022, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act).
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PART II
OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
We are subject to various claims, complaints and legal actions in the normal course of business from time to time. We are not aware of any currently pending litigation for which the outcome could have a material adverse effect on our operations or financial position.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
Summary of Principal Risk Factors
Investing in Varex Imaging Corporation ("we," "our," "us," the "Company," "Varex," or "Varex Imaging") common stock involves risks. See below and Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risks for a discussion of the following principal risks and other risks that make an investment in Varex speculative or risky:
•The global economy has been adversely impacted by economic instability and geopolitical tensions that have in the past adversely affected, and could in the future continue to adversely affect, our business, financial condition, operating results, cash flows and stock price.
•We sell our products and services to a limited number of original equipment manufacturer (“OEM”) customers, many of which are also our competitors, and a reduction in or loss of business of one or more of these customers may materially reduce our sales.
•We may not be able to accurately predict customer demand or delivery schedules for our products.
•We compete in highly competitive markets, and we may lose business to our customers or other companies with greater resources or with greater abilities to develop more effective technologies, or we could be forced to reduce our prices.
•Our success depends on the successful acquisition, development, introduction, and commercialization of new lines of business, new technologies, new generations of products and enhancements to or simplifications of existing product lines.
•More than half our revenue is generated from customers located outside the United States and is subject to global, regional, and country-specific economic instability, shifting political environments, changing tax treatment, and other risks associated with international operations and sales that could materially and adversely impact our business and financial results.
•COVID-19 has adversely impacted our operations, cash flow, and financial position, and in the future we could continue to be adversely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic and continuing economic disruptions.
•It has become more difficult to attract and retain employees, which has impacted, and is likely to continue to impact, our ability to develop and manufacture products and operate our business.
•We may be unable to complete future acquisitions or realize expected benefits from acquisitions of or investments in new business, products, or technologies, which could harm our business.
•Warranty claims may materially and adversely affect our business.
•Product defects or misuse may result in material product liability or professional errors and omissions claims, litigation, investigation by regulatory authorities, or product recalls that could harm our future revenues and require us to pay material uninsured claims.
•We are exposed to credit risk and fluctuations in the values of our investment portfolio.
•Our business is subject to evolving Environmental, Social, and Governance (“ESG”) requirements and stakeholder expectations that could expose us to numerous risks.
•A disruption at our manufacturing facilities, as well as fluctuating manufacturing costs, could materially and adversely affect our business.
•Our competitive position would be harmed if we are not able to maintain our intellectual property rights and protecting our intellectual property and defending against infringement claims can be costly.
•Disruption of critical information systems or material breaches in the security of our systems may materially and adversely affect our business and customer relations.
•Changes in import/export regulatory regimes, tariffs, and national policies could continue to negatively impact our business.
•Compliance with laws, regulations, certifications and registrations across the globe applicable to the marketing, manufacturing, sale, and distribution of our products and to our operations generally, may be costly, and failure to comply may result in our inability to sell products, unfavorable legal proceedings, significant penalties and other harm to our business.
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•Initiation of legal proceedings, defense against legal proceedings and unfavorable results of legal proceedings could materially and adversely affect our financial results.
•We have significant debt obligations and could incur additional debt that could adversely affect our business, profitability, liquidity, credit rating, and ability to meet our obligations.
•Conversion of the Convertible Notes may dilute the ownership interest of our stockholders or may otherwise depress the market price of our common stock or may adversely affect our financial condition and operating results, and certain hedging positions we entered may affect the value of the Convertible Notes and the volatility and value of our common stock.
•Our Asset-Based Loan credit facility and the indenture governing our Senior Secured Notes impose significant operating and financial restrictions that may limit current and future operating flexibility, and make it difficult to respond to economic or industry changes or to take certain actions, which could harm our long-term interest.
•Liabilities related to our operations when we were part of Varian Medical Systems, Inc., a Siemens Healthineers Company ("Varian"), or liabilities associated with the spin-off from Varian, could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.
The following risk factors and other information included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this "Quarterly Report") should be carefully considered. Although the risk factors described below are the ones management deems significant, additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we presently deem not material may also adversely affect our business operations. If any of the following risks or additional risks and uncertainties actually occur, our business, operating results, and financial condition could be adversely affected.
Risks Relating to Our Business
The global economy has been adversely impacted by economic instability and geopolitical tensions that have in the past adversely affected, and could in the future continue to adversely affect, our business, financial condition, operating results, cash flows and stock price.
In many markets where we operate, global economic instability and geopolitical tensions have contributed to volatility in commodity prices, and in the credit and capital markets; market, supply chain, and inventory disruptions; sustained inflation; exchange rate volatility; the imposition of sanctions and countermeasures; an energy crisis in Europe; and increased likelihood of new and unfavorable trade regulations. These conditions have shrunk capital equipment budgets, slowed decision-making and made it difficult for our customers and vendors to accurately forecast and plan future business activities. This, in turn, has caused our customers to be more cautious with, and sometimes freeze, delay, or dramatically reduce purchases and capital project expenditures. Some countries have adopted and may in the future adopt austerity or stimulus programs that could negatively affect our results from period to period. We have experienced, and continue to experience, difficulties in obtaining materials used to build our products and these difficulties have in the past impacted, and could in the future impact, our ability to deliver finished products to our customers. We believe that it will continue to be difficult to obtain certain materials throughout fiscal year 2023. We have used more of our inventory on hand than we have used historically and are purchasing materials that are critical to our processes, often at higher costs. Shortages of materials, particularly micro-controller chips and associated electronic components, have caused and may continue to cause, delays in manufacturing products for our customers. In some cases, raw material shortages and delivery delays from our suppliers are communicated to us with very little advanced warning, which has caused operational and customer order fulfillment challenges. During fiscal year 2022 and the first quarter of fiscal year 2023, inventory levels increased, however, uneven component flow and delayed deliveries impacted our ability to finish products resulting in higher inventory count. If our actions to mitigate such challenges are not successful, material shortages could slow or cause us to temporarily stop production of certain products. Production delays have had and could continue to have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations. For example, if we are unable to deliver products to our customers without unreasonable delay, those customers may seek alternative suppliers or decide to in-source certain products. Further, our competitors with greater financial resources may be better able to restructure their manufacturing and supply chains in response to geopolitical and economic trends and thereby have a competitive advantage over us.
In addition to material shortages, supply chain logistics have become more challenging, could remain challenging, and result in higher costs and efforts. Our ability to move unfinished goods and finished products around the world has been and continues to be impacted by the decreased availability of global transportation networks. We have been and continue to be subject to price increases on both the components used to make our products, and for moving unfinished goods and finished products across the globe. Increased freight charges and shipping delays have also become more common during the pandemic and are expected to continue into the foreseeable future. If we are not able to mitigate these price increases and/or raise prices for our products, our operations, cash flow, and financial position could continue to be adversely impacted. See Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations for more information regarding the risks related to supply chain disruptions and logistical challenges on our business.
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Inflation has the potential to increase our overall cost structure, particularly if we are unable to achieve commensurate increases in the prices we charge our customers. The existence of sustained inflation in the economy has resulted in, and may continue to result in, higher interest rates and capital costs, increased shipping costs, supply shortages, increased costs of labor, weakening exchange rates and other similar effects. As interest rates rise to address inflation or otherwise, we may experience further increases in capital and other costs.
Changes in monetary or other policies in the United States and abroad, including efforts to combat inflation, economic and/or political instability, or in reaction thereto, could affect foreign currency exchange rates. Furthermore, if one or more European countries were to replace the Euro with another currency, our sales in these countries, or in Europe generally, would likely be materially and adversely affected until stable exchange rates are established. Our products are generally priced in U.S. Dollars. Because our business is global and some payments may be made in local currency, fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates can impact our results by affecting product demand and purchasing decisions, revenues and expenses, and/or the profitability in U.S. Dollars of products and services that we provide in foreign markets.
Although we may take measures to mitigate the impact of inflation and exchange rate fluctuation, if these measures are not effective, our business, financial condition, results of operations and liquidity could be materially adversely affected. Even if such measures are effective, the benefits of such measures may not be realized until after the costs of inflation have been incurred.
Additionally, fluctuations in commodities prices could materially and adversely affect our performance. Rising commodities prices have in the past increased, and may in the future increase, our costs and those of our medical OEM customers, which could in turn result in reduced demand for our products or impact our financial results. Further, our security product revenues from oil-producing countries, in which we have a significant customer base, have in the past suffered as a result of volatility in oil prices and remain sensitive to fluctuations in the future.
The uncertain economic environment has also impacted, and may in the future continue to impact, our service business, as customers’ constrained budgets may result in pricing pressure, extended warranty provisions, and even cancellation of service contracts. In addition, concerns over continued economic instability could make it more difficult for us to collect outstanding receivables. A weak or deteriorating healthcare market would inevitably materially and adversely affect our business, financial conditions, and results of operations.
We sell our products and services to a limited number of OEM customers, many of which are also our competitors, and a reduction in or loss of business of one or more of these customers may materially reduce our sales.
We sell our products to a limited number of OEM customers, many of which are also our competitors with in-house X-ray component manufacturing operations. We had one customer during the three months ended December 30, 2022 that accounted for 20% of our revenue. Our ten largest customers as a group accounted for approximately 55% and 50% of our revenue for the three months ended December 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. Although we seek to broaden our customer base, we will continue to depend on sales to a relatively small number of major customers. Because we often take significant time to replace lost business, it is likely that our operating results would be materially and adversely affected if one or more of our major OEM customers were to cancel, delay, or reduce orders in the future.
Furthermore, we generate significant accounts receivables from the sale of our products and the provision of services directly to our major customers. We had one customer during the three months ended December 30, 2022 that accounted for 9.2% of our accounts receivable. If one or more of these customers were to cancel a product order or service contract (whether in accordance with its terms or otherwise), become insolvent or otherwise be unable or fail to pay for our products and/or services, our operating results and financial condition could be materially and adversely affected.
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We may not be able to accurately predict the demand or delivery schedules for our products.
End-user product demand, economic uncertainties, the COVID-19 pandemic, natural disasters, armed conflict, geopolitical tensions, and other matters beyond our control make it difficult for our customers to accurately forecast and plan future business activities; which makes it difficult for us to accurately predict the demand for our products. Because the manufacture of our products requires some lead-time, changes in customer purchasing forecasts have previously impacted our business, resulting in excess inventory and slowdowns in sales. Similar inventory adjustments and slowdowns in sales are likely to occur in the future. Changes to customer forecasts can occur on short notice. Our customers also face inherent competitive issues and new product introduction delays which can result in changes in forecasts. The market and regulatory risks faced by our customers also ultimately impact our ability to forecast future business. Our agreements for imaging components contain purchasing estimates that are typically based on our customers’ forward-looking forecasts rather than firm commitments, and actual purchasing volumes under the agreements may vary significantly from these estimates. The variation from forecasted purchasing volume may be due, in part, to the increasing life of X-ray tubes, which can result in reduced demand for replacement X-ray tubes in ways we may not be able to accurately forecast. Reductions in purchasing patterns have in the past and may in the future materially and adversely affect our operating results. In the past, decreased economic activity associated with the COVID-19 pandemic had a significant negative impact on the demand for our industrial products and a similar impact could occur again.
We compete in highly competitive markets, and we may lose business to our customers or other companies with greater resources or with greater abilities to develop more effective technologies, or we could be forced to reduce our prices.
We compete in markets characterized by rapidly-evolving technology, intense competition and pricing pressure. We often compete with companies that have greater financial, marketing and other resources than us. Some of the major diagnostic imaging systems companies, which are the primary OEM customers for our X-ray imaging components, also manufacture X-ray imaging components, including X-ray tubes, for use in their own imaging systems products. We must compete with these in-house manufacturing operations for business. If these customers manufacture a greater percentage of their components in-house or otherwise decrease purchases from external sources, which may occur for a number of reasons, including a strong U.S. Dollar, rising interest rates or a general economic slowdown, we could experience reductions in purchasing volume by, or loss of, one or more of these customers. Such a reduction or loss may have a material and adverse effect on our business. In addition, we compete against other stand-alone, independent X-ray tube manufacturers for both the OEM business of major diagnostic imaging equipment manufacturers and the independent servicing business for X-ray tubes.
The market for flat panel detectors is also very competitive, and we face intense competition from over a dozen smaller competitors. As a result of these competitive dynamics, to effectively retain the business of our customers and compete with our competitors we must have an advantage in one or more significant areas, such as lower product cost, better product quality and/or superior technology and/or performance. We have made price concessions to maintain existing customers and attract new customers, and may have to make additional price concessions in the future.
In our Industrial segment, we compete with other OEM suppliers primarily outside of the United States. The market for our X-ray tube and flat panel products used for nondestructive testing in industrial applications is small and highly fragmented. Some of our competitors outside of the United States may have resources and support from their governments that we do not, such as preferences for local manufacturers, and may not be subject to the same trade compliance regulations as us. Therefore, our ability to compete in certain high-growth markets may be limited compared to our competitors.
Our competitors could develop technologies and products that are more effective than those we currently use or produce or that could render our products obsolete or noncompetitive. In addition, the timing of our competitors’ introduction of products into the market could affect the market acceptance and sales of our products. Some competitors offer specialized products that provide, or may be perceived by customers to provide, an advantage over our products. Also, some of our non-U.S. competitors may not be subject to the same standards, regulatory and/or other legal requirements to which we are subject and, therefore, they could have a competitive advantage in developing, manufacturing and marketing products and services. Any inability to develop, gain regulatory approval for and supply commercial quantities of competitive products to the market as quickly and effectively as our competitors could limit market acceptance of our products and reduce our sales. Any of these competitive factors could negatively and materially affect our pricing, sales, revenues, market share and gross margins and our ability to maintain or increase our operating margins.
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Our success depends on the successful development, introduction, and commercialization of new generations of products and enhancements to or simplifications of existing product lines.
We operate in a market characterized by rapid change and technological innovation, particularly with respect to flat panel technology. Our customers use our products in their medical diagnostic, security, and industrial imaging systems, and we must continually introduce new products at competitive costs while also improving existing products with higher quality, lower costs, and increased features. To be successful, we must anticipate our customers’ needs and demands, as well as potential shifts in market preferences. Our failure to do so has in the past resulted, and may in the future result, in the loss of customers and an adverse impact to our financial performance. When the U.S. Dollar is strong compared to the operating currencies of our international customers, our ability to meet such customers’ pricing expectations is particularly challenging and may result in erosion of product margin and market share.
We have in the past spent, and in the future may need to spend, more time and money than we expect to develop, market and introduce new products or enhancements, and, even if we succeed, we may not be able to recover all or a meaningful part of our investment. Once introduced, new products may materially and adversely impact sales of our existing products or make them less desirable or even obsolete, which could materially and adversely impact our revenues and operating results. In addition, certain costs, including installation and warranty costs, associated with new products may be proportionately greater than the costs associated with other products and may therefore disproportionately, materially, and adversely affect our gross and operating margins. If we are unable to lower these costs over time, our operating results could be materially and adversely affected. Some of the electronic components and integrated circuits used in our flat panel detectors are susceptible to discontinuance and obsolescence risks, which may force us to incorporate newer generations of these components, resulting in unplanned additional R&D expenses, delays in the launch of new products, supply disruptions, or inventory write downs.
Our ability to successfully develop and introduce new products and product enhancements and simplifications, and the revenues and costs associated with these efforts, are affected by our ability to, among other things:
•properly identify customer needs or long-term customer demands;
•prove the feasibility of new products;
•identify complementary technologies or intellectual property and, where appropriate, negotiate and maintain related licensing agreements or other arrangements to facilitate development of new products and product enhancements and simplifications;
•properly manage and control research and development costs;
•limit the time required from proof of feasibility to routine production;
•timely and efficiently comply with internal quality assurance systems and processes;
•limit the timing and cost of regulatory approvals;
•adequately protect the underlying intellectual property and, where licensed or jointly developed, ensure the continuity of our use of such intellectual property for the manufacture, sale and distribution of new products and product enhancements or simplifications;
•accurately predict and control costs associated with inventory overruns caused by the phase-in of new products and the phase-out of old products;
•price our products competitively and profitably, which can be particularly difficult with a strong U.S. Dollar;
•manufacture, deliver, and install our products in sufficient volumes on time and accurately predict and control costs associated with manufacturing installation, warranty, and maintenance of the products;
•appropriately manage our supply chain;
•manage customer acceptance and payment for products; and
•anticipate, respond to, and compete successfully with competitors.
Furthermore, as discussed in greater detail elsewhere in this “Risk Factors” section, we cannot be sure that we will be able to successfully develop, manufacture, or introduce new products or enhancements, the roll-out of which involves compliance with complex quality assurance processes, including the Quality System Regulation of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”). Failure to complete these processes timely and efficiently could result in delays that could affect our ability to attract and retain customers or cause customers to delay or cancel orders, which would materially and adversely affect our revenues and operating results.
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More than half of our revenue is generated from customers located outside the United States, and is subject to global, regional, and country-specific economic instability, shifting political environments, changing tax treatment, and other risks associated with international operations and sales that could materially and adversely affect our business and financial results.
We conduct business globally. Revenues generated from customers located outside the United States accounted for approximately 64% and 70% of our total revenues for the three months ended December 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. As a result, we must provide significant service and support globally. We intend to continue to expand our presence in international markets and expect to expend significant resources in doing so. We cannot be sure that we will be able to meet our sales, service, and support objectives or obligations in these international markets or recover our investment in these international markets. Our future results could be harmed by a variety of factors, including:
•currency fluctuations, and in particular the strength of the U.S. Dollar (which is our functional and reporting currency) relative to many currencies, which have adversely affected, and may in the future adversely affect our financial results and cause some customers to delay purchasing decisions, move to in-sourcing supply, migrate to lower cost alternatives, or ask for discounts;
•the longer payment cycles associated with many customers located outside the United States;
•difficulties in interpreting or enforcing agreements and collecting receivables through many foreign countries’ legal systems;
•changes in restrictions on trade between the United States and other countries or unstable regional political and economic conditions;
•changes in the political, regulatory, safety or economic conditions in a country or region;
•the imposition by governments of additional taxes, tariffs, global economic sanctions programs, or other restrictions on foreign trade such as the tariffs put into place by both China and the United States;
•conflicts between countries, including the current military conflict between Russia and Ukraine, and related sanctions;
•any inability to obtain required export or import licenses or approvals, including the inability to obtain required export licenses during a U.S. government shutdown;
•natural disasters and pandemics;
•failure to comply with export laws and requirements, which may result in civil or criminal penalties and restrictions on our ability to export our products, particularly our industrial linear accelerator products;
•risks unique to the Chinese market, including import barriers and preferences for local manufacturers;
•failure to obtain proper business licenses or other documentation or to otherwise comply with local laws and requirements regarding marketing, sales, service, or any other business we conduct in a foreign jurisdiction, which may result in civil or criminal penalties and restrictions on our ability to conduct business in that jurisdiction; and
•difficulties in protecting our intellectual property in foreign countries.
Although our sales fluctuate from period to period, in recent years our international operations have represented a larger share of our business. The more we depend on international sales, the more vulnerable we become to these factors.
COVID-19 has adversely impacted our operations, cash flow, and financial position, and in the future we could continue to be adversely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic and continuing economic disruptions.
The pandemic caused by the spread of COVID-19 adversely impacted our operations, cash flow, and financial position. The pandemic created significant volatility, uncertainty and economic disruption that could continue into the future. In addition, in part due to the COVID-19 pandemic, we have observed an overall tightening and increasingly competitive labor market, which has resulted in increased wages offered by other employers and voluntary attrition of employees in the industry, making it more difficult to recruit, hire, and retain talent. New or continuing outbreaks of COVID-19 could have a negative impact on our business, future operating results, cash flows and financial condition. Local government lockdowns or prohibitions on travel could adversely affect our ability to manufacture or sell our products or to provide service to our customers or to meet and build relationships with customers, suppliers, or other third parties. For example, the Chinese government has in the past closed, and, in light of surging infection and morbidity rates in China from the easing of China’s zero COVID-19 policy, may in the future close, our factory in China for extended periods of time to combat COVID-19 infection rates in the region. Even though the effects of COVID-19 have been lessening worldwide, a resurgence of COVID-19 or other infections variants could have an adverse impact on our operating results, cash flows and financial condition. See Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations for more information regarding the risks related to COVID-19 on our business.
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It has become more difficult to attract and retain employees, which has impacted, and is likely to continue to impact, our ability to develop and manufacture products and operate our business.
Our future success depends, to a great degree, on our ability to retain, attract, expand, integrate, and train our management team and other key personnel, such as qualified engineering, service, sales, marketing, manufacturing and other staff. We compete for key personnel with other medical equipment and software manufacturers and technology companies, as well as universities and research institutions. Competition for qualified personnel has increased over the past years. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, we have observed an overall tightening and increasingly competitive labor market, which has resulted in increased wages offered by other employers and voluntary attrition of employees in the industry, making it more difficult to recruit, hire, and retain talent. Because competition is intense, particularly in Utah, where unemployment rates are relatively low, compensation-related costs have and could continue to increase significantly. If we are unable to hire and train qualified personnel, we may not be able to maintain or expand our business.
Additionally, our U.S.-based employees, including our senior management team, work for us on an at-will basis and there is no assurance that any such employee will remain with us. Replacing key employees, including our Chief Executive Officer, and management personnel may be difficult or costly and may take an extended period of time because of the limited number of individuals in our industry and where we are located with the breadth of skills and experience that we require. Further, in 2021 and into 2022, the labor market in the U.S. experienced significant increases in workers leaving their positions (often referred to as the "Great Resignation"), which made the market to replace these individuals competitive and resulted in significant wage inflation in response to labor shortages. During the Great Resignation, we have faced and may continue to face increased challenges of employee attraction and retention. To the extent we hire employees from competitors, we also may be subject to allegations that they have been improperly solicited or divulged proprietary or other confidential information.
We may face additional risks from the acquisition or development of new lines of business.
From time to time, we may acquire or develop new lines of business. There are substantial risks and uncertainties associated with new lines of business, particularly in instances where the markets are not fully developed or are ones we have not operated in before. Risks include developing knowledge of and experience in the new business, recruiting market professionals, new types or greater levels of liability exposure, increasing research and development expenditures, and developing and capitalizing on new relationships with experienced market participants. This may mean significant investment and involvement of our senior management to acquire or develop, then integrate, the business into our operations. Timelines for integration of new businesses may not be achieved, and price and profitability targets may not prove feasible, as new products can carry lower gross margins than existing products. External factors, such as compliance with regulations (including in the case of some evolving end-markets, fast-changing regulatory developments and legal uncertainties), competitive alternatives, and shifting market preferences may also impact whether implementation of a new business will be successful. Failure to manage these risks could have a material and adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and/or financial condition.
In addition, some of our products are multi-purpose products designed and intended to be used by OEMs and end users for a wide range of imaging and irradiation purposes including for use in new and emerging industries. Certain of these industries may be subject to varying, inconsistent, and rapidly changing laws, regulations, administrative practices, enforcement approaches, judicial interpretations, and consumer perceptions. The demand for our products may be negatively impacted depending on how laws, regulations, administrative practices, enforcement approaches, judicial interpretations, and consumer perceptions develop, and we cannot reasonably predict the nature of these developments or the effect, if any, that these developments could have on our business.
We may be unable to complete future acquisitions or realize expected benefits from acquisitions of or investments in new businesses, products, or technologies, which could harm our business.
Our ability to identify and take advantage of attractive acquisitions or other business development opportunities is an important component in implementing our overall business strategy. We must grow our business in response to changing technologies, customer demands, and competitive pressures. In some circumstances, we may decide to grow our business through the acquisition of complementary businesses, products, or technologies, rather than through internal development; however, there is no guarantee that these acquisitions will be successful or that we will realize a return on our investment.
Identifying suitable acquisition candidates can be difficult, time consuming, and costly, and we may not be able to identify suitable candidates or successfully complete or finance identified acquisitions, including as a result of failing to obtain regulatory or competition clearances, which could impair our growth and ability to compete. In addition, completing an acquisition can divert our management and key personnel from our current business operations, which could harm our business and affect our financial results. Even if we complete an acquisition, we may not be able to successfully integrate newly-acquired organizations, products, technologies, or employees into our operations or may not fully realize some of the expected synergies.
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Integrating an acquisition can also be expensive and time consuming and may strain our resources. It may cost us more to commercialize new products than originally anticipated or cause us to increase our expenses related to research and development, either of which could materially and adversely impact our results of operations. In many instances, integrating a new business will also involve implementing or improving internal controls appropriate for a public company into a business that lacks them. It is also possible that an acquisition could increase our risk of litigation, as a third party may be more likely to assert a legal claim following an acquisition because of perceived deeper pockets or a perceived greater value of a claim. In addition, we may be unable to retain the employees of acquired companies or the acquired company’s customers, suppliers, distributors, or other partners for a variety of reasons, including the fact that these entities may be our competitors or may have close relationships with our competitors.
Further, we may find that we need to restructure or divest acquired businesses or assets of those businesses. Completed acquisitions may not produce the full efficiencies, growth, or benefits that were expected. If we decide to sell assets or a business, it may be difficult to identify buyers or alternative exit strategies on acceptable terms, in a timely manner, or at all, which could delay the accomplishment of our strategic objectives. We may be required to dispose of a business at a lower price or on less advantageous terms, or to recognize greater losses than we had anticipated.
If we acquire a business, we allocate the total purchase price to the acquired business’ tangible assets and liabilities, identifiable intangible assets, and liabilities based on their fair values as of the date of the acquisition and record the excess of the purchase price over those values as goodwill. If we fail to achieve the anticipated growth from an acquisition, or if we decide to sell assets or a business, we may be required to recognize an impairment loss on the write down of our assets and goodwill, which could materially and adversely affect our financial results. In addition, acquisitions can result in potentially dilutive issuances of equity securities or the incurrence of debt, contingent liabilities or expenses, or other charges, any of which could harm our business and affect our financial results.
We participate in joint ventures and other investments in privately-held and publicly traded companies. For example, we hold a 40% ownership interest in dpiX LLC, our major supplier of our amorphous silicon-based thin film transistor arrays for flat panels used in our digital image detectors, and a 50% interest in VEC Imaging GmbH & Co. KG, a joint venture formed to develop technology for use in X-ray imaging components and we recently invested in another X-ray imaging components technology company. These and other investments are subject to risk of loss of investment capital as well as losses associated with contributed or jointly developed intellectual property. These types of investments are inherently risky, in some instances because the markets for the technologies or products these companies have under development may never materialize or may underperform relative to our expectations. If these companies do not succeed, we could lose some or all of our investment in these companies. In addition, we may incur significant costs and management resources to enforce our rights, protect our intellectual property and other assets, address disputes that have arisen or may arise, and/or unwind, dispose of or terminate our arrangements with respect to these investments. There is no guarantee that the time and money invested by us in these projects, or jointly developed intellectual property or product or product enhancements will yield the expected returns.
Warranty claims may materially and adversely affect our business.
We could experience an increase in warranty claims as a result of issues with product quality or product failures as a direct result of our design, manufacturing, or issues in our supply chain. Such an occurrence may damage our market reputation, cause sales to decline, or require repairs or voluntary remedial measures to enhance customer satisfaction, which could materially and adversely impact our financial results. Increased warranty claims on any given product could cause us to halt production on that product and significantly impair our liquidity and profitability, and could cause reputational harm to us. Because some categories of products tend to experience higher numbers of warranty claims than others, a shift in the types of products that our customers purchase could lead to an increase in warranty claims. If actual levels of warranty claims are greater than the level of claims we estimate, cost of sales could increase, and our financial condition could be materially and adversely affected. In addition, product quality issues could result in significant follow-on effects for us, including, among other things, reputational harm to us and our customers, loss of customers, and liability as a result of product quality issues. These outcomes would materially and adversely affect our business and financial condition.
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Product defects or misuse may result in material product liability or professional errors and omissions claims, litigation, investigation by regulatory authorities, or product recalls that could harm our future revenues and require us to pay material uninsured claims.
Our business exposes us to potential product liability claims that are inherent in the manufacture, sale, installation, servicing, and support of components that are used in medical devices and other devices that deliver radiation. Because our products, through incorporation into OEMs’ systems, are involved in the intentional delivery of radiation to the human body and other situations where people may come into contact with radiation (for example, when our security and inspection products are being used to scan cargo or in the diagnosis of medical problems), the possibility for significant personal injury or loss of life exists. Although our products are incorporated into OEMs’ systems, and thus only perform pursuant to the design and operating systems of OEMs, we may also be subject to claims for property damage, personal injury, or economic loss related to or resulting from any errors or defects in our products or the installation, servicing, or support of our products. Any accident or mistreatment could subject us to legal costs, litigation, adverse publicity, and damage to our reputation, whether or not our products or services were a factor.
If our X-ray inspection systems fail to detect the presence of bombs, explosives, weapons, contraband, or other threats to personal safety, we could be subject to product and other liability claims or negative publicity, which could result in increased costs, reduced sales, and a decline in the market price of our common stock. There are many factors beyond our control that could result in the failure of our products to detect the presence of bombs, explosives, weapons, contraband, or other threats to personal safety, including operator error and misuse of or malfunction of our equipment. The failure of our systems to detect the presence of these dangerous materials may lead to personal injury, loss of life, and extensive property damage and may result in potential claims against us.
Product liability actions are subject to uncertainty and may be expensive, time consuming, and disruptive to our operations. For these and other reasons, we may choose to settle product liability claims against us regardless of their actual merit. A product liability action determined against us could result in adverse publicity or significant damages, including the possibility of punitive damages, and our combined financial position, results of operations, or cash flows could be materially and adversely affected.
If a product we design or manufacture were defective (whether due to design, labeling or manufacturing defects, improper use of the product, or other reasons), we may be required to correct or recall the product and notify regulatory authorities. The adverse publicity resulting from a correction or recall could damage our reputation and cause customers to review and potentially terminate their relationships with us. A product correction or recall could consume management time and have an adverse financial impact on our business, including incurring substantial costs, losing revenues, and accruing losses.
We maintain limited product liability insurance coverage. Our product liability insurance policies are expensive and have high deductible amounts and self-insured retentions. Our insurance coverage may prove to be inadequate, and future policies may not be available on acceptable terms or in sufficient amounts, if at all. If a material claim is not insured or is in excess of our insurance coverage, we could have to pay substantial damages, which could have a material and adverse effect on our financial position and/or results of operations.
We are exposed to credit risk and fluctuations in the values of our investment portfolio.
Our investments can be negatively affected by liquidity, credit deterioration, financial results, market and economic conditions, political risk, sovereign risk, interest rate fluctuations or other factors. As a result, the value and liquidity of our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities may fluctuate substantially. Therefore, although we have not realized any significant losses on our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities, future fluctuations in their value could result in significant losses and could have a material adverse impact on our financial condition and operating results. See Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risks for more information regarding the risks related to credit risks and fluctuations on our business.
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Our business is subject to evolving ESG requirements and stakeholder expectations that could expose us to numerous risks.
Regulators, customers, consumers, investors, and other stakeholders are increasingly focusing on ESG issues and related disclosures. Changing ESG requirements and stakeholder expectations, including ESG requirements set forth in customer procurement policies, have resulted in, and are likely to continue to result in, increased general and administrative expenses and increased management time and attention spent complying with or meeting such regulations and expectations. For example, developing and acting on ESG initiatives, and collecting, measuring, and reporting ESG information and metrics can be costly, difficult and time consuming and is subject to evolving reporting standards, including the SEC’s proposed climate-related reporting requirements. We may also communicate certain ESG initiatives and goals in our SEC filings or in other public disclosures. These initiatives and goals could be difficult and expensive to implement, the technologies needed to implement them may not be cost effective and may not advance at a sufficient pace, and we could be criticized for the accuracy, adequacy, or completeness of the disclosure of our ESG initiatives. Further, statements about our ESG initiatives and goals, and progress against those goals, may be based on standards for measuring progress that are still developing, internal controls and processes that continue to evolve, and assumptions that are subject to change in the future. In addition, we could be criticized for the scope or nature of such initiatives or goals, or for any revisions to these goals. If our ESG-related data, processes and reporting are incomplete or inaccurate, or if we fail to achieve progress with respect to our ESG goals on a timely basis, or at all, our reputation, business, financial performance and growth could be adversely affected.
In addition, our customers have adopted, and may continue to adopt, procurement policies that require us to comply with social, and environmental responsibility provisions. An increasing number of investors have adopted, and may continue to adopt, ESG policies for their portfolio companies, and various voluntarily sustainability initiatives and organizations have promulgated different social and environmental responsibility and sustainability guidelines. These practices, policies, provisions, and initiatives are under active development, subject to change, can be unpredictable and conflicting, and may prove difficult and expensive for us to comply with and could negatively affect our reputation, business, or financial condition.
Risks Relating to the Manufacture of our Products
Supply chain disruptions, including the loss of a supplier, and any inability to obtain supplies of important components have impacted our ability to manufacture products, have caused delays in our ability to deliver products, and have increased our costs and may continue to do so.
As discussed under the heading "Risks Relating to Our Business" above, supply chain disruptions have had, and will likely continue to have, an impact on our ability to manufacture our products. We have experienced delays in receiving materials used to make our products due both to material shortages and shipping delays. These delays are likely to continue.
Material shortages have caused, and could continue to cause, us to temporarily stop production of certain products or miss opportunities to pursue additional product sales. If we are unable to obtain the materials necessary to make our products or if we must pay more for those materials, it could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial results.
We obtain some of the components included in our products from a limited group of suppliers or from sole-source suppliers, such as wave guides for industrial linear accelerators, transistor arrays, cesium iodide coatings and specialized integrated circuits for flat panel detectors, X-ray tube targets, housings, glass frames, high-voltage cable, bearings and various other components. For example, our major supplier of our amorphous silicon-based thin film transistor arrays for flat panels used in our digital image detectors is dpiX LLC. Although we hold a 40% ownership interest in dpiX, we do not have majority voting rights or the power to direct the activities of dpiX. In addition, Varian is our sole source supplier for a key component in linear accelerators used in our security and inspection products subsystems, which are specially made for us. If current suppliers cease producing these or other components, there can be no assurance that the components will be available from other suppliers on reasonable terms or at all.
If we lose any of these limited- or sole-source suppliers, if their operations are substantially interrupted, or if any of them fail to meet performance or quality specifications or delivery deadlines, we may be required to obtain and qualify one or more replacement suppliers or to manufacture the components internally. Such an event (1) may then also require us to redesign or modify our products to incorporate new parts and/or further require us to obtain clearance, qualification, or certification of these products, including by the FDA, or obtain other applicable regulatory approvals in other countries, or (2) could significantly increase costs for the affected products and cause material delays in delivery of those and other related products. In addition, manufacturing capacity limitations of any of our suppliers or other inability of these suppliers to meet increasing demand or delivery deadlines could limit growth opportunities for the affected product lines and damage customer relationships. Shortage of, and greater demand for, components and subassemblies could also increase manufacturing costs if the supply/demand imbalance increases the price of the components and subassemblies. Any of these events could materially and adversely affect our business and financial results. If we decide to manufacture a component that was previously purchased from an external supplier, we may not be able to manufacture the component as efficiently as the external supplier and may experience delays or problems in successfully manufacturing the component, which could materially and adversely affect our ability to manufacture and supply products to customers.
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Shortages, changes in source of, and increases in prices for, raw materials have negatively impacted our ability to manufacture products, have caused delays, and have increased our cost of goods.
We rely on the supplies of certain raw materials such as tungsten, lead, iridium, and copper for security and inspection products and copper, lead, tungsten, rhenium, molybdenum zirconium, and various high grades of steel alloy for X-ray tubes. Worldwide demand, availability, and pricing of these raw materials have been volatile. We have experienced and expect that we will continue to experience increases in raw material costs due to inflation and other market constraints. We expect that availability and pricing will continue to fluctuate in the future. If supplies are restricted or become unavailable or if prices increase further, this could constrain our manufacturing of affected products, reduce our profit margins, or otherwise materially and adversely affect our business.
We are required to disclose (1) the presence in our products of certain metals known as “conflict minerals,” which are metals mined from the Democratic Republic of the Congo and adjoining countries, and (2) procedures regarding our efforts to identify the sourcing of those minerals from this region. Our complex supply chain may inhibit our ability to sufficiently verify the origins of the relevant minerals used in our products through the due diligence procedures that we implement, which may harm our reputation. In addition, we may encounter challenges in satisfying customers who require that all of the components of our products are certified as conflict-free, which could place us at a competitive disadvantage if we are unable to do so. Moreover, complying with these rules requires investigative efforts, which has and will continue to cause us to incur associated costs and could materially and adversely affect the sourcing, supply, and pricing of materials used in our products or result in process or manufacturing modifications, all of which could materially and adversely affect our results of operations.
If we are not able to match our manufacturing capacity with demand for our products, our financial results may suffer.
Many of our products have a long production cycle, and we must anticipate demand for our products to ensure adequate manufacturing and testing capacity. If we are unable to anticipate demand, and our manufacturing or testing capacity does not keep pace with product demand, we will not be able to fulfill orders in a timely manner, which may negatively impact our financial results and overall business. Conversely, if demand for our products decreases, the fixed costs associated with excess manufacturing capacity may harm our financial results, including by decreasing gross margins and increasing research and development costs as a percentage of revenue.
A disruption at our manufacturing facilities, as well as fluctuating manufacturing costs, could materially and adversely affect our business.
The majority of our products are manufactured at our facility in Salt Lake City, Utah. Our manufacturing operations are subject to potential power failures, the breakdown, failure, or substandard performance of equipment, the improper installation or operation of equipment, pandemics, and natural or other disasters. Loss or damage to our manufacturing facility due to any of these factors or otherwise could materially and adversely affect our ability to manufacture sufficient quantities of our products or otherwise deliver products to meet customer demand or contractual requirements, which may result in a loss of revenue and other adverse business consequences. Because of the time required to obtain regulatory approval and licensing of a manufacturing facility, we may not be able to replace any lost manufacturing capacity on a timely basis. The occurrence of these or any other operational issues at our manufacturing facilities could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Some of our products are manufactured in Wuxi, China; Walluf, Germany; Doetinchem, the Netherlands; and Calamba City, Philippines, which are subject to similar risks but may also face additional regulatory and political risks, which could impact our ability to manufacture and ship products in a timely manner or at all. We also manufacture security products in Las Vegas, Nevada, and these operations are also subject to potential power failures, the breakdown, failure, or substandard performance of equipment, the improper installation or operation of equipment, earthquakes, and other disasters, all of which could materially and adversely affect our ability to deliver products to meet customer demand. In addition, our costs associated with manufacturing our products can vary significantly from quarter to quarter, and fluctuations thereof may adversely affect our business, operating results, and/or financial condition.
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Delivery schedules for our security, industrial, and inspection products tend to be unpredictable.
We design, manufacture, sell, and service Linatron® X-ray linear accelerators, image-processing software, and image detection products for security and inspection, such as cargo screening at ports and borders and nondestructive examination for a variety of applications, as well as industrial applications. We generally sell security and inspection products to OEMs who incorporate our products into their inspection or irradiation systems and processes, which are then sold to customs and other government agencies, as well as to commercial organizations in the casting, power, aerospace, chemical, petrochemical, and automotive industries. We believe growth in our security and inspection products will be driven by security cargo screening and border protection needs, as well as by the needs of customs agencies to verify shipments for assessing duties and taxes. This business is heavily influenced by domestic and international government policies on border and port security, political change, and government budgets. Orders for our security and inspection products have been and may continue to be unpredictable, as governmental agencies may place large orders with us or our OEM customers in a short time period and then may not place any orders for a long time period thereafter. Because it is difficult to predict our OEM customer delivery, the actual timing of sales and revenue recognition varies significantly.
The demand for our security and inspection products is heavily influenced by U.S. and foreign governmental policies on national and homeland security, border protection, and customs activities, which depend upon government budgets and appropriations that are subject to economic conditions, as well as political changes and oil prices. We have seen customers freeze or dramatically reduce purchases and capital project expenditures, delay projects, or act cautiously as governments around the world wrestle with spending priorities. As economic growth remains sluggish in various jurisdictions and appears to be deteriorating in others, and as concerns about levels of government employment and government debt continue, we expect that these effects will also continue. Bid awards in this business may be subject to challenge by third parties. These factors make this business more unpredictable and could cause volatility in our revenues and earnings.
Our international manufacturing operations subject us to volatility and other risks, including high security risks, which could result in harm to our employees and contractors or substantial costs.
We conduct certain manufacturing operations internationally to reduce costs and streamline our manufacturing operations. There are administrative, legal, and governmental risks to operating internationally that could increase operating expenses or hamper the development of these operations. The risks from operating internationally that could increase our operating expenses and materially and adversely affect our operating results, financial condition, and ability to deliver our products and grow our business include, among others:
•difficulties in staffing and managing employee relations and foreign operations, particularly in attracting and retaining personnel qualified to design, sell, test, and support our products;
•fluctuations in currency exchange rates;
•difficulties in coordinating our operations globally and in maintaining uniform standards, controls, procedures, and policies across our operations;
•difficulties in enforcing contracts and protecting intellectual property, including in connection with our joint ventures;
•diversion of management attention;
•imposition of burdensome governmental regulations, including changing laws and regulations with respect to collection and maintenance of personally identifiable data;
•regional and country-specific political and economic instability, as discussed in greater detail below; and
•inadequacy of the local infrastructure to support our operations.
Our international locations expose us to higher security risks compared to our U.S. locations, which could result in both harm to our employees and contractors or substantial costs. Some of our services are performed in or adjacent to high-risk locations where the country or location and surrounding area is suffering from political, social, or economic turmoil, war or civil unrest, or has a high level of criminal or terrorist activity. In those locations where we have employees or operations, we may incur substantial costs to maintain the safety of our personnel. Despite these precautions, the safety of our personnel in these locations may continue to be at risk, and we may in the future suffer the loss of employees and contractors, which could harm our business reputation and operating results.
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Our operations are vulnerable to interruption or loss due to natural or other disasters, the effects of climate change, power loss, strikes, and other events beyond our control.
We conduct some of our activities, including manufacturing, research and development, administration, and data processing at facilities located in areas that have in the past experienced or may in the future experience natural disasters. Our insurance coverage for such disasters may not be adequate or continue to be available at commercially-reasonable terms, or at all. A major disaster (such as a major fire, hurricane, earthquake, flood, tsunami, volcanic eruption or terrorist attack) or a climate change-related event affecting our facilities, or those of our suppliers, could significantly disrupt our operations and delay or prevent product manufacture and shipment during the time required to repair, rebuild, or replace our or our suppliers’ damaged manufacturing facilities. These delays could be lengthy and costly. If any of our customers’ facilities are adversely affected by such a disaster or event, shipments of our products could be delayed. Additionally, customers may delay purchases of our products until our operations return to normal. For example, following the earthquake and tsunami disasters in Japan in 2011, the operations of Canon Medical Systems Corporation, our largest customer, were impacted, and, as a consequence, orders to and product shipment from our business were delayed for several months. Even if our suppliers or customers are able to quickly respond to such a disaster or event, the ongoing effects of such a disaster or event could create some uncertainty in the operations of our business. In addition, our facilities may be subject to a shortage of available electrical power and other energy supplies. Any shortages may increase our costs for power and energy supplies or could result in blackouts, which could disrupt the operations of our affected facilities and harm our business. Further, our products are typically shipped from a limited number of ports, and any disaster, strike, or other event blocking shipment from these ports could delay or prevent shipments and harm our business. In addition, concerns about terrorism, the effects of a terrorist attack, political turmoil, or an outbreak of epidemic diseases could have a negative effect on our business operations, those of our suppliers and customers, and the ability to travel, resulting in adverse consequences on our revenues and financial performance.
Risks Relating to our Intellectual Property and Information Systems
Our competitive position would be harmed if we are not able to maintain our intellectual property rights and protecting our intellectual property and defending against infringement claims can be costly.
We file applications as appropriate for patents covering new products and manufacturing processes. We cannot be sure, however, that patents will be issued from any of our pending or future patent applications. We also cannot be sure that our current patents, the claims allowed under our current patents, or patents for technologies licensed to us will be sufficiently broad to protect our technology position against competitors. We also jointly develop intellectual property with third parties and seek to protect our rights to such intellectual property through licenses and other contractual arrangements. Issued patents owned by, or licensed to, us may be challenged, invalidated, or circumvented, and the rights granted under the patents, licenses or other contractual arrangements may not provide us with competitive advantages or otherwise protect our interests. Asserting our patent rights against others in litigation or other legal proceedings is costly and diverts managerial resources. An adverse finding in patent infringement litigation could adversely impact our competitive position. In addition, we may not be able to detect patent infringement by others or may lose our competitive position in the market before we are able to do so.
We also rely on a combination of copyright, trade secret, and other laws, and contractual restrictions on disclosure, copying and transferring title (including confidentiality agreements with vendors, strategic partners, co-developers, employees, consultants, and other third parties), to protect our proprietary, and other confidential rights. These protections may prove to be inadequate, since agreements may still be breached, and we may not have adequate remedies for a breach. Our trade secrets may become known to or be independently developed by others, including as a result of misappropriation by unauthorized access to our technology systems. If our proprietary or confidential information is misappropriated, our business and financial results could be materially and adversely impacted. We have trademarks, both registered and unregistered, that are maintained and enforced to provide customer recognition for our products in the marketplace, but unauthorized parties may still use them. We also license certain patented or proprietary technologies from others. In some cases, products with substantial revenues may depend on these license rights. If we were to lose the rights to license these technologies, or our costs to license these technologies were to materially increase, our business would suffer. As we expand our manufacturing capabilities outside of the United States, more of our intellectual property may be held in jurisdictions that do not have robust intellectual property protections, which may make it harder for us to adequately protect our intellectual property.
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Third parties may claim that we are infringing upon their intellectual property, and we could suffer significant litigation or licensing expenses or be prevented from selling our products.
There is a substantial amount of litigation over patent and other intellectual property rights in the industries in which we compete. Our competitors, like companies in many high technology businesses, continually review other companies’ activities for possible conflicts with their own intellectual property rights. In addition, non-practicing entities may review our activities for conflicts with their patent rights. Determining whether a product infringes on a party’s intellectual property rights involves complex legal and factual issues, and the outcome of this type of litigation is often uncertain. Parties may claim that we are infringing upon their intellectual property rights or that we are in breach of related licensing agreements or other contractual arrangements. We may not be aware of intellectual property rights of others that relate to our products, services, or technologies. From time to time, we have received notices from parties asserting infringement, and we have been subject to lawsuits alleging infringement of patent or other intellectual property rights. Any dispute regarding patents or other intellectual property, including with respect to breaches of licensing agreements or other contractual arrangements, could be costly and time consuming and could divert our management and key personnel from our business operations. We may not prevail in a dispute. We do not maintain insurance for intellectual property infringement, so costs of defense, whether or not we are successful in defending an infringement claim, will be borne by us and could be significant. If we are unsuccessful in defending or appealing an infringement claim or claims alleging other contractual breaches, we may be subject to significant damages, and our combined financial position, results of operations, or cash flows could be materially and adversely affected. We may also be subject to injunctions against development and sale of our products, the effect of which could be to materially reduce our revenues. Furthermore, a third party claiming infringement may not be willing to license our rights to us, and even if a third-party rights holder is willing to do so, the amounts we might be required to pay under the associated royalty or license agreement could be significant. We could decide to alter our business strategy or voluntarily cease the allegedly infringing actions rather than face litigation or pay a royalty, which could materially and adversely impact our business and results of operations.
Disruption of critical information systems or material breaches in the security of our systems may materially and adversely affect our business and customer relations.
Information technology (including technology from third party providers) helps us operate efficiently, interface with and support our customers, maintain financial accuracy and efficiency, and produce our financial statements. In the ordinary course of our business, we collect, process and store sensitive data, including intellectual property, proprietary business information and that of customers, suppliers and business partners, third parties accessing our website, patient data and personally identifiable information of customers and employees, in our data centers and on our networks, as well as in third party off-site data centers. Despite security measures, there is an increasing threat of information security attacks, including from computer viruses or other malicious codes, unauthorized access attempts, and cyber-attacks that pose risks to companies, including us. Because the techniques used to obtain unauthorized access, or to sabotage systems, change frequently, have become increasingly sophisticated and generally are not recognized until launched against a target, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate preventative measures, which could result in data leaks or otherwise compromise our confidential or proprietary information and disrupt our operations. If we do not allocate and effectively manage the resources necessary to build and sustain the proper technology infrastructure, we could be subject to, among other things, transaction errors, processing inefficiencies, the loss of customers, business disruptions, or the loss of or damage to intellectual property through a security breach or misappropriation of intellectual property. Such security breaches could expose us to a risk of loss of information, litigation, and possible liability to employees, customers, and/or regulatory authorities. If our data management systems do not effectively collect, secure, store, process, and report relevant data for the operation of our business, whether due to equipment malfunction or constraints, software deficiencies, or human error, our ability to effectively plan, forecast, and execute our business plan and comply with applicable laws and regulations will be impaired, perhaps materially. Any such impairment could materially and adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, and the timeliness with which we report our operating results internally and externally.
We use certain cloud-based software. A security breach, whether of our products, of our customers’ network security and systems, or of third-party hosting services could disrupt access to our customers’ stored information and could lead to the loss of, damage to, or public disclosure of our customers’ stored information, including patient health information. Such an event could have serious negative consequences, including possible patient injury, regulatory action, fines, penalties and damages, reduced demand for our solutions, an unwillingness of our customers to use our solutions, harm to our reputation and brand, and time-consuming and expensive litigation, any of which could have a material and adverse effect on our financial results.
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Risks Relating to Our Legal and Regulatory Environment
Changes in import/export regulatory regimes, tariffs, and national policies could continue to negatively impact our business.
Tariffs and changes in international trade agreements or trade-related laws and regulations may have an adverse impact on our business. As a component manufacturer, our products are integrated into the systems and products of our OEM customers. If the United States, China or other countries levy tariffs, duties or other additional taxes or restrictions on our customer’s products, the demand for such products, and our components included in such products, could decrease, which could have a material adverse effect on our business. Uncertainty over tariffs and trade wars could also cause our customers to delay or cancel orders for our products.
In the past, the United States has imposed tariffs on items imported from China and other countries that are incorporated into our products. Tariffs on items imported by us from China and other countries have increased our costs and have increased prices and lowered gross margins on some of our products, thereby having a direct adverse impact on our business and results of operations. China has imposed retaliatory tariffs that impact a number of our products, including U.S. origin X-ray tubes, heat exchange units, and certain flat panel detectors. The tariffs levied by China have increased our customers’ costs for products imported into China, which has caused us to make price concessions on some products and has caused some customers to stop purchasing our products. We expect that tariffs will continue to have a negative effect on our business and results of operations, including the possibility of continued price concessions or loss of business. Tariffs could limit our ability to compete for increased market share in China, which could cause our long-term prospects in China to suffer. In addition, future tariffs could have a more significant impact on our business. The imposition of additional tariffs by the United States could result in the adoption of additional tariffs by China and other countries, as well as further retaliatory actions by any affected country, which could negatively impact the global market for imaging equipment and could have a significant adverse effect on our business.
In addition to tariffs, China’s stated policy of reducing its dependence on foreign manufacturers and technology companies may result in reduced demand for our products in China. Both the United States and China could pursue policies to reduce their dependence on foreign goods, which could have a material adverse impact on our business, results of operations and financial position. In addition, as a consequence of such policies, there are risks that the Chinese government may, among other things, require the use of local suppliers, compel companies that do business in China to partner with local companies to conduct business, or provide incentives to government-backed local customers to buy from local suppliers rather than companies like ours, all of which could adversely impact our business, results of operations and financial position.
Increasing tensions between China and Taiwan may cause the United States and/or China to impose higher tariffs, commence trade wars, move more quickly to reduce their dependence on each other’s goods, or enact boycotts against each other’s goods, this could cause significant disruptions in the markets and industries we serve, our supply chain, decrease demand from customers for the ultimate products using our solutions, and would materially harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.
A change in the percentage of our total earnings from international sales or additional changes in tax laws could increase our effective tax rate.
Our effective tax rate is impacted by tax laws in both the United States and in foreign countries. Earnings from our international subsidiaries are generally taxed at rates that differ from U.S. rates. A change in the percentage of our total earnings from our international subsidiaries, a change in the mix of particular tax jurisdictions between our international subsidiaries, or a change in currency exchange rates could cause our effective tax rate to increase. Furthermore, while U.S. tax reform imposed a current tax on cumulative undistributed earnings, these earnings could also become subject to incremental foreign withholding or U.S. state taxes should they actually be remitted to the United States, in which case our financial results could be materially and adversely affected.
Statutory changes included in proposed U.S. legislation, if passed, including interpretive guidance, could have a material impact on income tax expense, the effective tax rate, or the value of deferred tax assets and liabilities. Changes in the valuation of our deferred tax assets or liabilities, additional changes in tax laws or rates, changes in the interpretation of tax laws in other jurisdictions, or other changes beyond our control could materially and adversely affect our financial position and results of operations.
We have entities in certain jurisdictions with cumulative net operating losses for which no income tax benefit can be recorded due to full valuation allowance positions. There could be additional future losses in these and other jurisdictions that would negatively impact our effective tax rate.
Compliance with foreign laws and regulations applicable to the marketing, manufacturing, and distribution of our products may be costly, and failure to comply may result unfavorable legal proceedings, in significant penalties and other harm to our business.
Regulatory requirements affecting our operations and sales outside the United States vary from country to country, often differing significantly from those in the United States. In general, outside the United States, some of our products are regulated as medical devices by foreign governmental agencies similar to the FDA.
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For us to market our products internationally, we must obtain clearances or approvals for products and product modifications. These processes (including, for example, the processes in the EU, the European Economic Area (“EEA”), Switzerland, Brazil, Australia, China, Japan and Canada) can be time consuming, expensive and uncertain, which can delay our ability to market products in those countries. Delays in the receipt of or failure to receive regulatory approvals, the inclusion of significant limitations on the indicated uses of a product, the loss of previously obtained approvals or failure to comply with existing or future regulatory requirements could restrict or prevent us from doing business in a country or subject us to a variety of enforcement actions and civil or criminal penalties, which would materially and adversely affect our business. In addition, compliance with changing regulatory schemes may add additional complexity, cost and delays in marketing or selling our products.
Within the EU/EEA, we must obtain, and in turn affix, a CE mark certification, which is a European marking of conformity that indicates that a product meets the essential requirements of the EU's Medical Device Directive (“MDD”) and the EU Medical Device Regulations. Compliance with the MDD is done through a self-certification process that is then verified by an independent certification body called a “Notified Body,” which is an organization empowered by the legislature to conduct this verification. Once the CE mark is affixed, the Notified Body will regularly audit us to ensure that we remain in compliance with the applicable European laws and MDD. By affixing the CE mark to our product, we are certifying that our products comply with the laws and regulations required by the EU/EEA countries, thereby allowing the free movement of our products within these countries and others that accept CE mark standards. If we cannot support our performance claims and demonstrate compliance with the applicable European laws and the MDD, we would lose our right to affix the CE mark to our products, which would prevent us from selling our products within the EU/EEA/Switzerland territory and in other countries that recognize the CE mark. In April 2017, the European Commission adopted two regulations on medical devices that impose stricter requirements for placing medical devices in the EU market, as well as for Notified Bodies. These regulations have resulted in the limited availability of recognized Notified Bodies, which could delay our ability to obtain CE marks. We may be subject to risks associated with additional testing, modification, certification, or amendment of our existing market authorizations, or we may be required to modify products already installed at our customers’ facilities to comply with the official interpretations of these revised regulations.
We are also subject to international laws and regulations of general applicability relating to matters such as environmental protection, safe working conditions, and manufacturing practices, as well as others. These are often comparable to, if not more stringent than, the equivalent regulations in the United States. Sales overseas are also affected by regulation of matters such as product standards, packaging, labeling, environmental and product recycling requirements, import and export restrictions, tariffs, duties, and taxes.
In addition, we are required to timely file various reports with international regulatory authorities similar to the reports we are required to timely file with U.S. regulatory authorities, including reports required by international adverse event reporting regulations. If these reports are not timely filed, regulators may impose sanctions, including temporarily suspending our market authorizations or CE mark, and sales of our products may suffer.
Further, as we enter new businesses or pursue new business opportunities internationally, or as regulatory schemes change, we may become subject to additional laws, rules, and regulations. Becoming familiar with and implementing the infrastructure necessary to comply with these laws, rules, and regulations is costly. Additionally, in some countries, we rely or may rely in the future on foreign distributors and agents to assist in complying with foreign regulatory requirements, and we cannot be sure that they will always do so. The failure of us or our agents to comply with these laws, rules, and regulations could delay the introduction of new products, cause reputational harm, or result in investigations, fines, injunctions, civil penalties, criminal prosecution, or an inability to sell our products in or to import our products into certain countries, which could materially and adversely affect our business.
Compliance with U.S. laws and regulations applicable to the marketing, manufacturing, and distribution of our products may be costly, and failure or delays in obtaining regulatory clearances or approvals or failure to comply with applicable laws and regulations could prevent us from distributing our products, require us to recall our products, or result in unfavorable legal proceedings, significant penalties or other harm to our business.
Some of our products and those of OEMs that incorporate our products are subject to extensive and rigorous government regulation in the United States. Compliance with these laws and regulations is expensive and time-consuming, and failure to comply with these laws and regulations could materially and adversely affect our business.
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Generally, our manufacturing operations for medical devices, and those of our third-party manufacturers, are required to comply with the Quality System Regulations (“QSR”) of the FDA, as well as other federal and state regulations for medical devices and radiation-emitting products. The FDA, through authorized auditing organizations, makes announced and unannounced periodic and on-going inspections of medical device manufacturers to determine compliance with QSR and, in connection with these inspections, issues reports known as Form FDA 483 reports when the FDA believes the manufacturer has failed to comply with applicable regulations and/or procedures. If Form FDA 483 reports are not addressed or corrective action is not taken in a timely manner and to the FDA’s satisfaction, the FDA may issue a warning letter or proceed directly to an enforcement action. Failure to respond in a timely manner to a warning letter, or any other notice of noncompliance and to promptly come into compliance could result in the FDA bringing an enforcement action, which could include the total shutdown of our production facilities, denial of importation rights to the United States for products manufactured in overseas locations, adverse publicity, and criminal and civil fines. The expense and costs of any corrective actions that we may take, which may include product recalls, correction and removal of products from customer sites, or changes to our product manufacturing and quality systems, could materially and adversely impact our financial results and may also divert management resources, attention, and time. Additionally, if a warning letter were issued, customers could delay purchasing decisions or cancel orders, and we could face increased pressure from our competitors, who could use the warning letter against us in competitive sales situations, either of which could materially and adversely affect our reputation, business, and stock price.
In addition, we are required to timely file various reports with the FDA, including reports required by the medical device reporting regulations (“MDRs”), that require we report to regulatory authorities if our devices may have caused or contributed to a death or serious injury, or malfunctioned in a way that would likely cause or contribute to a death or serious injury if the malfunction were to recur. If we initiate a correction or removal of a device to reduce a risk to health posed by the device, we would be required to submit a publicly-available correction and removal report to the FDA and, in many cases, similar reports to other regulatory agencies. This report could be classified by the FDA as a device recall, which could lead to increased scrutiny by the FDA, other international regulatory agencies, and our customers regarding the quality and safety of our devices. If these MDRs or correction and removal reports are not filed on a timely basis, regulators may impose sanctions, sales of our products may suffer, and we may be subject to product liability or regulatory enforcement actions, all of which could harm our business.
Government regulation may also cause significant delays or even prevent the marketing and full commercialization of future products or services that we may develop and/or may impose costly requirements on our business. Further, as we enter new businesses or pursue new business opportunities, we will become subject to additional laws, rules, and regulations, including FDA and foreign rules and regulations. Becoming familiar with and implementing the infrastructure necessary to comply with these laws, rules, and regulations is costly and time consuming. In addition, failure to comply with these laws, rules and regulations could delay the introduction of new products and could materially and adversely affect our business.
If we or any of our suppliers, distributors, agents, or customers fail to comply with FDA, Federal Trade Commission, or other applicable U.S. regulatory requirements or are perceived to have failed to comply with regulations, we may face:
•adverse publicity affecting both us and our customers;
•increased pressures from competitors;
•investigations by governmental authorities;
•fines, injunctions, civil penalties, and criminal prosecution;
•partial suspension or total shutdown of production facilities or the imposition of operating restrictions;
•increased difficulty in obtaining required clearances or approvals or losses of clearances or approvals already granted;
•seizures or recalls of our products or those of our customers;
•delays in purchasing decisions by customers or cancellation of existing orders;
•the inability to sell our products; and
•difficulty in obtaining product liability or operating insurance at a reasonable cost, or at all.
We are also subject to federal and state laws and regulations of general applicability relating to matters such as environmental protection, safe working conditions, manufacturing practices, and other matters. Insurance coverage is not commercially available for violations of law, including the fines, penalties, or investigatory costs that we may incur as the consequence of regulatory violations. Consequently, we do not have insurance that would cover this type of liability.
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We sell certain X-ray tube products as replacements which are subject to medical device certification and product registration laws and regulations, which vary by country and are subject to change, and we may be unable to receive registration approval or renewal of existing registrations if we fail to meet regulatory approval requirements or if the approval process becomes commercially infeasible or impractical.
We market and distribute certain X-ray tubes through distributors and third-party/multi-vendor service organizations that are used as equivalent replacements for specific OEM tubes. We are subject to medical device certification and product registration laws, which vary by country and are subject to periodic reviews and changes by regulatory authorities in those countries. For example, to sell X-ray tubes for replacement applications in China, product registrations must be approved by the new National Medical Products Administration (“NMPA”). We must comply with the requirements of the NMPA, and we may not be able to receive registration approval or renewal of existing registrations if we fail to meet regulatory approval requirements or if the process of gaining approval becomes commercially infeasible or impractical. Certain of these local laws and regulations have the effect of serving as a barrier to trade and can be difficult to navigate predictably.
In addition, certain countries in which our products are sold require products to undergo re-registration if the product is altered in any significant way.
These registration processes can be costly and time consuming, and customers may decide to purchase products from our competitors that do not have to be involved in a re-registration process. In addition, our inability to receive or renew product registrations may prevent us from marketing and/or distributing those particular products for replacement applications in the specific country.
Existing and future healthcare reforms, and changes to reimbursement rates, may indirectly have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
Sales of our products to OEMs in the medical sector indirectly depend on whether adequate reimbursement is available for our customers’ products from a variety of sources, such as government healthcare insurance programs, including U.S. Medicare and Medicaid programs, foreign government programs, private insurance plans, health maintenance organizations, and preferred provider organizations. Without adequate reimbursement, the demand for our customers’ products, and therefore indirectly our products, may be limited.
Healthcare reform proposals and medical cost containment measures in the United States and in many foreign countries could limit the use of both ours and our customers’ products, reduce reimbursement available for such use, further tax the sale or use of our products, and further increase the administrative and financial burden of compliance. These reforms and measures, including the uncertainty in the medical community regarding their nature and effect, could have a material and adverse effect on us and our customers’ purchasing decisions regarding our products and treatments and could harm our business, results of operations, financial condition, and prospects. We cannot predict the specific healthcare programs and regulations that will be ultimately implemented by local, regional, and national governments globally. However, any changes that lower reimbursements for us or our customers’ products and/or procedures using these products, including, for example, existing reimbursement incentives to convert from analog to digital X-ray systems, or changes that reduce medical procedure volumes or increase cost containment pressures on us or others in the healthcare sector could materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.
We are subject to federal, state, and foreign laws governing our business practices which, if violated, could result in substantial penalties. Additionally, challenges to or investigations into our practices could cause adverse publicity and be costly to respond to and thus could harm our business.
Anti-corruption laws and regulations. We are subject to the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and anti-corruption laws, as well as similar laws in foreign countries, such as the U.K. Bribery Act. In general, there is a worldwide trend to strengthen anti-corruption laws and their enforcement, and the healthcare industry and medical equipment manufacturers have been particular targets of these investigation and enforcement efforts. Any violation of these laws by us or our agents or distributors could create substantial liability for us, subject our officers and directors to personal liability, and cause a loss of reputation in the market. We operate in many countries, including India and China, where the public sector is perceived as being corrupt. Our strategic business plans include expanding our business in regions and countries that are rated as higher risk for corruption activity by Transparency International e.V., an international non-profit that publishes an annual corruption perception index. Becoming familiar with and implementing the infrastructure necessary to comply with laws, rules, and regulations applicable to new business activities and mitigating and protecting against corruption risks could be costly. Failure by us or our agents or distributors to comply with these laws, rules, and regulations could delay our expansion into high-growth markets and could materially and adversely affect our business. We will likely do more business, directly and potentially indirectly, in countries where the public sector is perceived to be corrupt. Increased business in higher-risk countries could subject us and our officers and directors to increased scrutiny and increased liability from our business operations.
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Competition and trade compliance laws. We are subject to various competition and trade compliance laws in the jurisdictions where we operate. Regulatory authorities in those jurisdictions may have the power to subject us to sanctions and impose changes or conditions in the way we conduct our business. An increasing number of jurisdictions provide private rights of action for competitors or consumers to assert claims of anti-competitive conduct and seek damages. Increased government scrutiny of our actions or enforcement or private rights of action could materially and adversely affect our business or damage our reputation. We may be required to conduct internal investigations or face audits or investigations by one or more domestic or foreign government agencies, which could be costly and time consuming and could divert our management and key personnel from our business operations. An adverse outcome under any such investigation or audit could subject us to fines and criminal or other penalties, which could materially and adversely affect our business and financial results. Furthermore, competition laws may prohibit or increase the cost of future acquisitions that we may desire to undertake.
Laws and ethical rules governing interactions with healthcare providers. We do not generally sell our products directly to healthcare providers, but may occasionally sell our products to healthcare providers through distributors or otherwise engage healthcare providers to provide services. The U.S. Medicare and Medicaid “anti-kickback” laws, and similar state laws, prohibit payments or other remuneration that is intended to induce hospitals, physicians, or others either to refer patients or to purchase, lease, or order, or to arrange for or recommend the purchase, lease, or order of healthcare products or services for which payment may be made under federal and state healthcare programs, such as Medicare and Medicaid. These laws affect our sales, marketing, and other promotional activities by limiting the kinds of financial arrangements we may have with hospitals, physicians, or other potential purchasers of our products. They particularly impact how we structure our sales offerings, including discount practices, customer support, education and training programs, physician consulting, research grants, and other fee-for-service arrangements. These laws are broadly written, and it is often difficult to determine precisely how these laws will be applied to specific circumstances.
Federal and state “false claims” laws generally prohibit knowingly presenting, or causing to be presented, claims for payment from Medicare, Medicaid, or other government payors that are false or fraudulent, or for items or services that were not provided as claimed. Although we do not submit claims directly to payors, manufacturers can be, and have been, held liable under these laws if they are deemed to “cause” the submission of false or fraudulent claims by providing inaccurate billing or coding information to customers or through certain other activities, including promoting products for uses not approved or cleared by the FDA, which is called off-label promotion. Violating “anti-kickback” and “false claims” laws can result in civil and criminal penalties, which can be substantial, as well as potential mandatory or discretionary exclusion from healthcare programs for noncompliance. Even an unsuccessful challenge or investigation into our practices could cause adverse publicity and be costly to defend and thus could harm our business and results of operations. Additionally, several recently-enacted state and federal laws, including laws in Massachusetts and Vermont, and the federal Physician Payment Sunshine Act, now require, among other things, extensive tracking and maintenance of databases regarding the disclosure of equity ownership and payments to physicians, healthcare providers, and hospitals. These laws may require us to implement the necessary and costly infrastructure to track and report certain payments to healthcare providers. Failure to comply with these tracking and reporting laws could subject us to significant civil monetary penalties.
Other Laws. From time to time, new laws or regulations may be adopted and compliance with these laws or regulations could be costly or time consuming. For example, in July 2021, the U.S. government passed the Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act (the “UFLPA”), which imposes importation limits on goods produced using forced labor in China, especially the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, and imposes related sanctions. Guidance related to compliance with the UFLPA has not yet been issued, and we cannot yet evaluate the impact that compliance with the UFLPA will have on our business or financial condition.
We are subject to other laws in foreign countries where we conduct business. For example, within the EU, the control of unlawful marketing activities is a matter of national law in each of the member states. The member states of the EU closely monitor perceived unlawful marketing activity by companies. We could face civil, criminal, and administrative sanctions if any member state determines that we have breached our obligations under such state’s national laws. Industry associations also closely monitor the activities of member companies. If these organizations or authorities name us as having breached our obligations under their regulations, rules, or standards, our reputation would suffer, and our business and financial condition could be materially and adversely affected.
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Certain of our products are subject to regulations relating to use of radioactive material, compliance with which may be costly, and a failure to comply with these regulations may materially and adversely affect our business.
As a manufacturer and seller of medical devices and devices emitting radiation or utilizing radioactive by-product material, we and some of our suppliers and distributors are subject to extensive regulation by United States governmental authorities, such as the FDA, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (“NRC”), and state and local regulatory agencies, which is intended to ensure the devices are safe and effective and comply with laws governing products which emit, produce, or control radiation. These regulations govern, among other things, the design, development, testing, manufacturing, packaging, labeling, distribution, import/export, sale, marketing, and disposal of our products. We are also subject to international laws and regulations that apply to manufacturers of radiation-emitting devices and products utilizing radioactive materials. These are often comparable to, if not more stringent than, the equivalent regulations in the United States.
Our industrial and medical devices utilizing radioactive material are subject to NRC clearance and approval requirements, and the manufacture and sale of these products are subject to extensive federal and state regulation that varies from state to state and among regions. Our manufacture, distribution, installation, service, and removal of industrial devices utilizing radioactive material or emitting radiation also requires us to obtain a number of licenses and certifications for these devices and materials. Service of these products must also be performed in accordance with a specific radioactive materials licenses. Obtaining licenses and certifications may be time consuming, expensive, and uncertain.
The handling and disposal of radioactive materials resulting from the manufacture, use, or disposal of our products may impose significant costs and requirements. Disposal sites for the lawful disposal of materials generated by the manufacture, use, or decommissioning of our products may no longer accept these substances in the future or may accept them on unfavorable terms.
If we are unable to obtain required FDA clearances or approvals for a product or are unduly delayed in doing so, or the uses of that product are limited, our business could suffer.
Typically, our OEM customers are responsible for obtaining 510(k) pre-market notification clearance on their systems that integrate our products. A substantial majority of our products are “Class I” devices that do not require 510(k) clearance, but we do produce software that is classified as a Class II device subject to 510(k) clearance. Unless an exception applies, we may be required by FDA regulations to obtain a 510(k) pre-market notification clearance in connection with the manufacture of a new medical device or a new indication for use of, or other significant change in, an existing currently marketed medical device before we can market or sell those products in the United States. Modifications or enhancements to a product that could significantly affect its safety or effectiveness, or that would constitute a major change in the intended use of the device, technology, materials, labeling, packaging, or manufacturing process also require a new 510(k) clearance. Although manufacturers make the initial determination whether a change to a cleared device requires a new 510(k) clearance, we cannot ensure that the FDA will agree with our decisions not to seek additional approvals or clearances for particular modifications to our products or that we will be successful in obtaining new 510(k) clearances for modifications. Obtaining clearances or approvals is time consuming, expensive, and uncertain. We may not be able to obtain the necessary clearances or approvals or may be unduly delayed in doing so, which could harm our business. Furthermore, even if we are granted regulatory clearances or approvals, they may include significant limitations on the indicated uses of the product, which may limit the market for the product. If we are unable to obtain required FDA clearance or approval for a product or are unduly delayed in doing so, or the uses of that product were limited, our business could suffer.
Initiation of legal proceedings, defense against legal proceedings, and unfavorable results of legal proceedings could materially and adversely affect our financial results.
From time to time, we are a party to or otherwise involved in legal proceedings, claims, government inspections, audits or investigations, and other legal matters, both inside and outside the United States, arising in the ordinary course of our business or otherwise. Legal proceedings are often lengthy, taking place over a period of years with interim motions or judgments subject to multiple levels of review (such as appeals or rehearings) before the outcome is final. Litigation and other legal proceedings, claims, government inspections, audits and investigations are subject to significant uncertainty and may be expensive, time consuming, and disruptive to our operations. For these and other reasons, we may choose to settle legal proceedings and claims, regardless of their actual merit.
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If a legal proceeding were ultimately resolved against us, it could result in significant compensatory damages, and, in certain circumstances, punitive damages, disgorgement of revenue or profits, remedial corporate measures, or injunctive relief imposed on us and, in certain cases, potential civil or criminal action, including against our employees, officers or directors, for which we may be required to, or we may elect to, provide indemnification. If our existing insurance does not cover the amount or types of damages awarded, or if other resolution or actions taken as a result of such legal proceeding were to restrain our ability to market one or more of our material products or services, or if we were required to, or elected to, indemnify an employee, officer or director, our combined financial position, results of operations, or cash flows could be materially and adversely affected. In addition, legal proceedings, and any adverse resolution thereof, can result in adverse publicity and damage to our reputation, which could materially and adversely impact our business.
Environmental laws impose compliance costs on our business and may also result in liability.
We are subject to environmental laws around the world. These laws regulate many aspects of our operations, including our handling, storage, transport, and disposal of hazardous substances, such as the chemicals and materials that we use in the course of our manufacturing operations. They can also impose cleanup liabilities, including with respect to discontinued operations. As a consequence, we can incur significant environmental costs and liabilities, some recurring and others not recurring. Although we follow procedures intended to comply with existing environmental laws, we, like other businesses, may mishandle or inadequately manage hazardous substances used in our manufacturing operations and can never completely eliminate the risk of contamination or injury from certain materials that we use in our business and, therefore, we cannot completely eliminate the prospect of resulting claims and damage payments. We may also be assessed fines and/or other penalties for failure to comply with environmental laws and regulations. Insurance has provided coverage for portions of cleanup costs resulting from historical occurrences, but we do not expect to maintain insurance coverage for costs or claims that might result from any future contamination.
Pursuant to the Separation and Distribution Agreement we entered into with Varian when we spun off from Varian, we are obligated to indemnify Varian for 20% of the cleanup liabilities related to prior corporate restructuring activities while a division of Varian. This includes facilities sold as part of Varian’s electron devices business in 1995 and thin film systems business in 1997. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”) or third parties have named Varian as a potentially responsible party under the amended Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act of 1980 (“CERCLA”), at sites to which Varian or the facilities of the businesses sold in 1995 and 1997 were alleged to have shipped waste for recycling or disposal (the “CERCLA sites”). We anticipate that we will be obligated to reimburse Varian for 20% of the liabilities of Varian related to these CERCLA sites (after adjusting for any insurance proceeds or tax benefits received by Varian). In connection with the CERCLA sites, to date Varian has been required to pay only a small portion of the total cleanup costs and we currently anticipate that any reimbursement to Varian in the future will not be material.
Future changes in environmental laws could also increase our costs of doing business, perhaps significantly. Several countries, including some in the EU, now require medical equipment manufacturers to bear certain disposal costs of products at the end of the product’s useful life, thereby increasing its costs. The EU has also adopted directives that may lead to restrictions on the use of certain hazardous substances or other regulated substances in some of our products sold there. These directives, along with another that requires substance information to be provided upon request, could increase our operating costs in order to maintain our access to certain markets. All of these costs, and any future violations or liabilities under environmental laws or regulations, could have a material adverse effect on our business.
Failure to maintain effective internal controls and procedures could negatively impact us.
We must, among other things, maintain effective internal controls and procedures for financial reporting and disclosure purposes. In the past, we have not always been successful in maintaining effective internal controls and procedures. Internal control over financial reporting is complex and may be revised over time to adapt to changes in our business or changes in applicable accounting rules. We cannot assure that our internal control over financial reporting will be effective in the future or that material weaknesses will not be discovered with respect to a prior period for which we had previously believed that internal controls were effective. If our internal controls and procedures are not effective, our financial statements may not accurately reflect the results of our business and operations. In addition, there could also be a negative reaction in the financial markets due to a loss of investor confidence in us and the reliability of our financial statements, which could affect our stock price.
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Risks Relating to Our Indebtedness
We have significant debt obligations that could adversely affect our business, profitability, liquidity, and ability to meet our obligations.
As of December 30, 2022, our total combined indebtedness was approximately $449.7 million. The borrowings under our Convertible Senior Unsecured Notes due 2025 (the “Convertible Notes”) bear interest at a fixed rate of 4.00% and borrowings under our Senior Secured Notes due 2027 (the “Senior Secured Notes”) bear interest at a fixed rate of 7.875%. For more information regarding our borrowings, see Note 10, Borrowings of the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of this report.
Our debt could potentially have important consequences to us and our investors, including:
•limiting our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business and the industry;
•limiting our ability to borrow additional funds as needed or increasing the costs of any such borrowing;
•making it more difficult for us to satisfy our obligations, including our debt obligations;
•increasing our vulnerability to adverse economic and general industry conditions, including interest rate fluctuations, because a portion of our borrowings are and will continue to be at variable rates of interest;
•requiring us to dedicate a substantial portion of our cash flow from operations to payments on our debt, which would reduce the availability of our cash flow from operations to fund working capital, capital expenditures or other general corporate purposes;
•placing us at a disadvantage compared to competitors that may have proportionately less debt; and
•limiting our ability to obtain additional debt or equity financing due to applicable financial and restrictive covenants in our debt agreements.
If our cash requirements in the future are greater than expected, our cash flow from operations may not be sufficient to repay all of the outstanding debt as it becomes due, and we may not be able to borrow money, sell assets, or otherwise raise funds on acceptable terms, or at all, to refinance our debt. For example, holders of the Convertible Notes will have the right to require us to repurchase all or a portion of the Convertible Notes on the occurrence of a fundamental change at a repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Convertible Notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the fundamental change repurchase date. Further, if a make-whole fundamental change as defined in the indenture governing the Convertible Notes occurs prior to the maturity date of the Convertible Notes, we will in some cases be required to increase the conversion rate for a holder that elects to convert its Convertible Notes in connection with such make-whole fundamental change. Unless we elect to deliver solely shares of common stock to settle a conversion of the Convertible Notes (other than paying cash in lieu of delivering any fractional share), we will be required to make cash payments for those Convertible Notes being converted. However, we may not have enough available cash or be able to obtain financing at the time we are required to make such repurchases of the Convertible Notes surrendered or pay cash with respect to the Convertible Notes being converted.
Despite our substantial indebtedness, we may still be able to incur significantly more debt. This could intensify the risks described above.
We and our subsidiaries may be able to incur substantial indebtedness in the future. As of December 30, 2022, we had approximately $100 million of additional available borrowing capacity (subject to borrowing base availability) under the revolving credit agreement that we entered into on September 30, 2020 (the “Asset-Based Loan,” or "ABL Facility"). In addition to any amounts that might be available to us for borrowing under the ABL Facility, subject to certain conditions, we will have the right to request an increase of aggregate commitments under the ABL Facility by an aggregate amount of up to $75 million by obtaining additional commitments either from one or more of the lenders under the ABL Facility or other lending institutions.
Although the ABL Facility and the indenture governing our Senior Secured Notes contain restrictions on our and our subsidiaries’ ability to incur additional indebtedness, these restrictions are subject to a number of important qualifications and exceptions, and the indebtedness incurred in compliance with these restrictions could be substantial. Furthermore, the covenants in the indenture governing our Convertible Notes do not restrict the incurrence of indebtedness by us or any of our subsidiaries, and the covenants that may be contained in any future debt instruments could allow us to incur a significant amount of additional indebtedness.
The more leveraged we become, the more we, and in turn holders of our notes, will be exposed to certain risks described above under “Risks Relating to Our Indebtedness—We have significant debt obligations that could adversely affect our business, profitability and ability to meet our obligations.”
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The ABL Facility and the indenture governing our Senior Secured Notes impose significant operating and financial restrictions that may limit our current and future operating flexibility, particularly our ability to respond to changes in the economy or our industry or to take certain actions, which could harm our long-term interests and may limit our ability to make payments on the notes.
Our ABL Facility and the indenture governing our Senior Secured Notes impose significant operational and financial restrictions on us that include, but are not limited to our ability to:
•incur, assume or permit to exist additional indebtedness (including guarantees thereof);
•pay dividends or certain other distributions on our capital stock or repurchase our capital stock or prepay subordinated indebtedness;
•prepay, redeem or repurchase certain debt;
•issue certain preferred stock or similar equity securities;
•incur liens on assets;
•make certain loans, investments or other restricted payments;
•allow to exist certain restrictions on the ability of our restricted subsidiaries to pay dividends or make other payments to us;
•engage in transactions with affiliates;
•alter the business that we conduct; and
•sell certain assets or merge or consolidate with or into other companies.
As a result of these restrictions, we may be:
•limited in how we conduct our business;
•unable to raise additional debt or equity financing to operate during general economic or business downturns; or
•unable to compete effectively or to take advantage of new business opportunities.
A breach of the covenants under the indenture governing our Senior Secured Notes or the ABL Facility could result in an event of default under the applicable indebtedness. Such a default, if not cured or waived, may allow the creditors to accelerate the related debt and may result in the acceleration of any other debt that is subject to an applicable cross-acceleration or cross-default provision. In addition, an event of default under the ABL Facility would permit the lenders under the ABL Facility to terminate all commitments to extend further credit under the ABL Facility. Furthermore, if we were unable to repay the amounts due and payable under the ABL Facility, those lenders could proceed against the collateral securing such indebtedness. In the event our lenders or holders of the notes accelerate the repayment of our borrowings, we and our subsidiaries may not have sufficient assets to repay that indebtedness.
Our ability to continue to have the necessary liquidity to operate our business may be adversely impacted by a number of factors, including uncertain conditions in the credit and financial markets, which could limit the availability and increase the cost of financing. A deterioration of our results of operations and cash flow resulting from decreases in consumer spending, could, among other things, impact our ability to comply with the fixed charge coverage ratio contained in our ABL Facility.
Our historical sources of liquidity to fund ongoing cash requirements include cash flows from operations, cash and cash equivalents, borrowings through our previous credit facility and convertible debt offerings. The sufficiency and availability of credit may be adversely affected by a variety of factors, including, without limitation, the tightening of the credit markets, including lending by financial institutions who are sources of credit for our borrowing and liquidity; an increase in the cost of capital; the reduced availability of credit; our ability to execute our strategy; the level of our cash flows, which will be impacted by customer demand for our products; compliance with a fixed charge coverage ratio that is included in our ABL Facility; interest rate fluctuations and the adverse impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on the U.S. and world-wide economies and on our business. We cannot predict the future level of interest rates or the effect of any increase in interest rates on the availability or aggregate cost of our borrowings. We cannot be certain that any additional required financing, whether debt or equity, will be available in amounts needed or on terms acceptable to us, if at all.
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The ABL Facility contains a minimum Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio of 1.00 to 1.00 that is tested when excess availability under the ABL is less than the greater of (i) 10.0% of the Loan Cap (the lesser of (a) the aggregate commitments under the ABL Facility and (b) the aggregate borrowing base) and (ii) $7.5 million. If we have to borrow in excess of 10.0% of the Loan Cap and $7.5 million, and we do not increase our earnings, we also would be at risk of not being in compliance with the ABL Facility’s fixed charge coverage ratio. Compliance with the fixed charge coverage ratio is dependent on the results of our operations, which are subject to a number of factors including current economic conditions. Adverse developments in the economy, including as a result of a number of events described in these Risk Factors, in the past have led and in the future could lead to reduced spending by our customers and end-users which could adversely impact our net sales and cash flow, which could affect our ability to comply with the fixed charge coverage ratio. In addition, the ABL Facility contains other affirmative and negative covenants that restrict our operating and financing activities. These provisions may limit our ability to, among other things, incur future indebtedness, contingent obligations or liens, guarantee indebtedness, make certain investments and capital expenditures, sell stock or assets, pay dividends and consummate certain mergers or acquisitions. Failure to comply with the fixed charge coverage ratio and other covenants, including the requirement to timely deliver financial statements within applicable grace periods, could result in an event of default. Upon an event of default, if the ABL Facility is not amended or the event of default is not waived, the lender could declare all amounts then outstanding, together with accrued interest, to be immediately due and payable. If this happens, we may not be able to make those payments or borrow sufficient funds from alternative sources to make those payments. Even if we were to obtain additional financing, that financing may be on unfavorable terms.
We may not be able to generate sufficient cash to service all of our indebtedness, and may be forced to take other actions to satisfy our obligations under our indebtedness, which may not be successful.
If our cash flows and capital resources are insufficient to fund our debt service obligations, we may be forced to reduce or delay investments and capital expenditures, or to sell assets, seek additional capital or restructure or refinance our indebtedness, including the notes. These alternative measures may not be successful and may not permit us to meet our scheduled debt service obligations. If our operating results and available cash are insufficient to meet our debt service obligations, we could face substantial liquidity problems and might be required to dispose of material assets or operations to meet our debt service and other obligations. We may not be able to consummate those dispositions or to obtain the proceeds that we could realize from them, and these proceeds may not be adequate to meet any debt service obligations then due. Any future refinancing of our indebtedness could be at higher interest rates and may require us to comply with more onerous covenants which could further restrict our business operations. Additionally, the indentures relating to our notes limit the use of the proceeds from any disposition of our assets. As a result, the indentures may prevent us from using the proceeds from such dispositions to satisfy our debt service obligations.
Our credit rating and ability to access well-functioning capital markets are important to our ability to secure future debt financing on acceptable terms. Our credit ratings may not reflect all risks associated with an investment in our secured notes.
Our access to the debt markets and the terms of such access depend on multiple factors including the condition of the debt capital markets, our operating performance and our credit ratings. These ratings are based on a number of factors including an assessment of our financial strength and financial policies. Our borrowing costs will be dependent to some extent on the rating assigned to our debt. However, there can be no assurance that any particular rating assigned to us will remain in effect for any given period of time or that a rating will not be changed or withdrawn by a rating agency if, in that rating agency’s judgment, future circumstances relating to the basis of the rating so warrant. Incurrence of additional debt by us could adversely affect our credit rating. Any disruptions or turmoil in the capital markets or any downgrade of our credit rating could adversely affect our cost of funds, liquidity, competitive position and access to capital markets, which could materially and adversely affect our business operations, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, downgrading the credit rating of our debt securities or placing us on a watch list for possible future downgrading would likely have an adverse effect on the market price of our securities.
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We entered into certain hedging positions that may affect the value of the Convertible Notes and the volatility and value of our common stock.
In connection with the issuance of the Convertible Notes, we entered into certain convertible note hedge transactions. These hedge transactions are expected generally to reduce potential dilution of our common stock on any conversion of the Convertible Notes or offset any cash payments we are required to make in excess of the principal amount of such converted Convertible Notes, as the case may be, with such reduction or offset subject to a cap. The counterparties to these hedging positions or their respective affiliates may modify their hedge positions by entering into or unwinding various derivatives with respect to our common stock or purchasing or selling our common stock in secondary market transactions prior to the maturity of the Convertible Notes (and are likely to do so during any observation period related to a conversion of Convertible Notes or following any repurchase of Convertible Notes by us on any fundamental change repurchase date or otherwise). This activity could cause or avoid an increase or a decrease in the market price of our common stock or the Convertible Notes. In addition, if any such hedging positions fail to become effective, the counterparties to these hedging positions or their respective affiliates may unwind their hedge positions, which could adversely affect the value of our common stock.
Risks Relating to Our Common Stock
The trading price of our common stock may decline or fluctuate significantly and fluctuations in our operating results, including quarterly revenues, and margins, may cause our stock price to be volatile, which could cause losses for our stockholders.
During the year ended December 30, 2022, our stock price has ranged from a low of $18.90 to a high of $32.41. We cannot guarantee that an active trading market will be sustained for our common stock. Nor can we predict the prices at which shares of our common stock may trade. We have experienced and expect in the future to experience fluctuations in our operating results, including revenues and margins, from period to period. These fluctuations may cause our stock price to be volatile, which could cause losses for our stockholders.
Our quarterly and annual operating results, including our revenues and margins, may be affected by a number of other factors, including:
•the introduction and timing of announcement of new products or product enhancements by us and our competitors;
•changes in our or our competitors’ pricing or discount levels;
•changes in foreign currency exchange rates and other economic uncertainty;
•changes in import/export regulatory regimes including the imposition of tariffs on our products or those of our customers;
•changes in the relative portion of our revenues represented by our various products, including the relative mix between higher-margin and lower-margin products;
•changes in the relative portion of our revenues represented by our international region as a whole and by regions within the overall region, as well as by individual countries (notably, those in emerging markets);
•fluctuation in our effective tax rate, which may or may not be known to us in advance;
•the availability of economic stimulus packages or other government funding, or reductions thereof;
•disruptions in the supply or changes in the costs of raw materials, labor, product components or transportation services;
•changes to our organizational structure, which may result in restructuring or other charges;
•disruptions in our operations, including our ability to manufacture products, caused by events such as earthquakes, fires, floods, terrorist attacks or the outbreak of epidemic diseases;
•developments relating to any litigation or administrative proceeding or inquiry, including governmental audits, as well as ongoing costs associated with legal proceedings and governmental audits; and
•accounting changes and adoption of new accounting pronouncements.
Because many of our operating expenses are based on anticipated capacity levels, and a high percentage of these expenses are fixed for the short term, a small variation in the timing of revenue recognition can cause significant variations in operating results from quarter to quarter. If our gross margins fall below the expectation of securities analysts and investors, the trading price of our common stock may decline.
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Conversion of the Convertible Notes may dilute the ownership interest of our stockholders or may otherwise depress the market price of our common stock.
The conversion of the Convertible Notes may dilute the ownership interests of our stockholders. On conversion of the Convertible Notes, we have the option to pay or deliver, as the case may be, cash, shares of common stock, or a combination of cash and shares of common stock. If we elect to settle our conversion obligation in shares of common stock or a combination of cash and shares of common stock, any sales of our common stock issuable on such conversion could adversely affect prevailing market prices of our common stock. In addition, the existence of the Convertible Notes may encourage short selling by market participants because the conversion of the Convertible Notes could be used to satisfy short positions, or anticipated conversion of the Convertible Notes into shares of our common stock, any of which could depress the market price of our common stock.
The conditional conversion feature of the Convertible Notes, if triggered, may adversely affect our financial condition and operating results.
In the event the conditions for optional conversion of the Convertible Notes by holders are met before the close of business on the business day immediately preceding June 1, 2025, holders of the Convertible Notes will be entitled to convert the Convertible Notes at any time during specified periods at their option. If we elect to satisfy our conversion obligation by settling all or a portion of our conversion obligation in cash, it could adversely affect our liquidity. In addition, even if holders do not elect to convert their Convertible Notes, we could be required under applicable accounting rules to reclassify all or a portion of the outstanding principal of the Convertible Notes as a current rather than long-term liability, which would result in a material reduction of our net working capital and may seriously harm our business.
Certain provisions in our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, our Amended and Restated Bylaws, our Indenture, and of Delaware law, may prevent or delay an acquisition of our Company, which could decrease the trading price of our common stock.
Our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, our Amended and Restated Bylaws, and Delaware law contain, provisions that are intended to deter coercive takeover practices and inadequate takeover bids by making such practices or bids unacceptably expensive to the bidder and to encourage prospective acquirers to negotiate with our board of directors rather than to attempt a hostile takeover. These provisions include, among others:
•the inability of our stockholders to call a special meeting;
•the inability of our stockholders to act without a meeting of stockholders;
•rules regarding how stockholders may present proposals or nominate directors for election at stockholder meetings;
•the right of our board of directors to issue preferred stock without stockholder approval; and,
•the ability of our directors, and not stockholders, to fill vacancies on our board of directors.
In addition, because we did not elect to be exempt from Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law (the “DGCL”), this provision could also delay or prevent a change of control that stockholders may favor. Section 203 provides that, subject to limited exceptions, persons that acquire, or who are affiliated with a person that acquires, more than 15% of the outstanding voting stock of a Delaware corporation (an “interested stockholder”) shall not engage in any business combination with that corporation, including by merger, consolidation, or acquisitions of additional shares, for a three-year period following the date on which the person became an interested stockholder, unless: (1) prior to such time, the board of directors of such corporation approved either the business combination or the transaction that resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder; (2) upon consummation of the transaction that resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder, the interested stockholder owned at least 85% of the voting stock of such corporation at the time the transaction commenced; or (3) on or subsequent to such time the business combination is approved by the board of directors of such corporation and authorized at a meeting of stockholders by the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the outstanding voting stock of such corporation not owned by the interested stockholder.
These provisions are not intended to make us immune from takeovers. However, these provisions will apply even if the offer may be considered beneficial by some stockholders and could delay or prevent an acquisition that our board of directors determines is not in the best interests of us and our stockholders. These provisions may also prevent or discourage attempts to remove and replace incumbent directors.
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Furthermore, certain provisions in our indenture governing the Convertible Notes may make it more difficult or expensive for a third party to acquire us. For example, our indenture requires us, at the holders’ election, to repurchase the Convertible Notes for cash on the occurrence of a fundamental change and, in certain circumstances, to increase the conversion rate for a holder that converts our Convertible Notes in connection with a make-whole fundamental change. A takeover of us may trigger the requirement that we repurchase the Convertible Notes or increase the conversion rate, which could make it costlier for a third party to acquire us. Our indenture also prohibits us from engaging in a merger or acquisition unless, among other things, the surviving entity assumes the obligations under the Convertible Notes and our indenture. These and other provisions in our indenture could deter or prevent a third party from acquiring us even when the acquisition may be favorable to holders of the Convertible Notes or our stockholders.
Liabilities related to our operations when we were part of Varian, or liabilities associated with our spin-off from Varian, could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.
We entered into a Separation and Distribution Agreement when we spun off from Varian. The agreement provides for, among other things, indemnification obligations designed to make Varex financially responsible for liabilities allocable to Varex before the spin-off; and for information contained in our registration statement that describes Varex, our separation from Varian, and the transactions contemplated by the Separation and Distribution Agreement. The Separation and Distribution Agreement also provides for indemnification obligations designed to make Varian financially responsible for liabilities allocable to Varian before the spin-off. We may be subject to substantial liabilities if we were required to indemnify Varian or if Varian were required, but unable, to indemnify us. Either of these could negatively affect our business, financial position, results of operations, and/or cash flows.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
None.
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
None.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
Item 5. Other Information
None.
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Item 6. Exhibits
(a) Exhibits required to be filed by Item 601 of Regulation S-K:

Exhibit No. |  | Description
3.1 |  | Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, dated January 27, 2017 (as corrected December 11, 2017) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed November 27, 2018).
3.2 |  | Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company, as amended February 11, 2021 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed February 16, 2021).
31.1* |  | Chief Executive Officer Certification Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act
31.2* |  | Chief Financial Officer Certification Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act
32.1* |  | Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.2* |  | Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101.INS* |  | Inline XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document
101.SCH* |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL* |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF* |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB* |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE* |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104* |  | Cover Page Interactive Data File - (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)
* |  | Filed herewith.

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

|  |  | VAREX IMAGING CORPORATION
Date: | January 31, 2023 | By: | /s/ SHUBHAM MAHESHWARI
|  |  | Shubham Maheshwari
|  |  | Chief Financial Officer
|  |  | (Duly Authorized Officer and Principal Financial Officer)

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