Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

9 Months Ended

12 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Dec. 31, 2017

Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

There have been no significant changes to the Company’s accounting policies since the Company filed its audited financial statements in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017. For further information about the Company’s accounting policies, refer to the Company’s consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2017 included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC.

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements of the Company are prepared by management on the accrual basis of accounting and in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”) for interim financial information as contained in the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”), and in conjunction with rules and regulations of the SEC. Certain information and footnote disclosures required for annual financial statements have been condensed or excluded pursuant to SEC rules and regulations. Accordingly, the unaudited consolidated financial statements do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. The unaudited consolidated financial statements include accounts and related adjustments, which are, in the opinion of management, of a normal recurring nature and necessary for a fair presentation of the Company’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the interim period. Operating results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2018. These unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.

The consolidated financial statements of the Company include all accounts of the Company, the Operating Partnership, and its subsidiaries. Intercompany transactions are not shown on the consolidated statements. However, each property owning entity is a wholly owned subsidiary which is a special purpose entity ("SPE"), which assets and credit are not available to satisfy the debts or obligations of any other entity, except to the extent required with respect to any co-borrower or guarantor under the same credit facility.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the unaudited consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the unaudited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could materially differ from those estimates.

Change in Consolidated Financial Statements Presentation

During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company elected to early adopt Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2016-18, Restricted Cash ("ASU No. 2016-18"). As a result, the Company no longer presents transfers between cash and restricted cash in the consolidated statements of cash flows. Instead, restricted cash is included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the consolidated statements of cash flows.

Per Share Data

The Company reports earnings per share for the period as (1) basic earnings per share computed by dividing net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common stock outstanding during the period, and (2) diluted earnings per share computed by dividing net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common stock outstanding, including common stock equivalents. As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, there were no material common stock equivalents that would have a dilutive effect on earnings (loss) per share for common stockholders.

Segment Information

ASC Topic 280, Segment Reporting, establishes standards for reporting financial and descriptive information about a public entity’s reportable segments. The Company internally evaluates all of the properties and interests therein as one reportable segment.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging ("ASU No. 2017-12") . The purpose of this updated guidance is to better align a company’s financial reporting for hedging activities with the economic objectives of those activities. For cash flow hedges that are highly effective, the new standard requires all changes (effective and ineffective components) in the fair value of the hedging instrument to be recorded in other comprehensive income and to be reclassified into earnings only when the hedged item impacts earnings. Current guidance requires a periodic recognition of hedge ineffectiveness in earnings.

Under existing standards, a quantitative assessment is made on an ongoing basis to determine if a hedge is highly effective in offsetting changes in cash flows associated with the hedged item. Under the new standard, entities will still be required to perform an initial quantitative test. However, the new standard allows entities to elect to subsequently perform only a qualitative assessment unless facts and circumstances change.

This ASU is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. The Company elected to early adopt ASU No. 2017-12 for the reporting period ending March 31, 2018. The adoption of ASU No. 2017-12 did not have a material effect on the Company's financial position or statement of operations.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases ("ASU No. 2016-02"). ASU No. 2016-02 amends the existing accounting standards for lease accounting, including requiring lessees to recognize most leases on their balance sheets and making targeted changes to lessor accounting. ASU No. 2016-02 will direct how the Company accounts for payments from the elements of leases that are generally fixed and determinable at the inception of the lease (“Fixed Lease Payments”) while ASU No. 2014-09 (defined below) will direct how the Company accounts for the non-lease components of lease contracts, primarily expense reimbursements (“Non-Lease Payments”) and the accounting for the disposition of real estate facilities. ASU No. 2016-02 will be effective beginning in the first quarter of 2019. Early adoption of ASU No. 2016-02 as of its issuance is permitted.

ASU No. 2016-02 requires a modified retrospective transition approach for all leases existing at, or entered into after, the date of initial application, with an option to use certain transition relief. Based on the required adoption date of January 1, 2019, the modified retrospective method for ASU No. 2016-02 requires application of the standard to all leases that exist at, or commence after, January 1, 2017 (beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the 2019 financial statements), with a cumulative adjustment to the opening balance of accumulated earnings (deficit) on January 1, 2017, for the effect of applying the standard at the date of initial application, and restatement of the amounts presented prior to January 1, 2019.

The FASB has also issued an amendment to the standard that would provide an entity an optional transition method to initially account for the impact of the adoption of the standard with a cumulative adjustment to accumulated earnings (deficit) on January 1, 2019 (the effective date of ASU No. 2016-02), rather than January 1, 2017, which would eliminate the need to restate amounts presented prior to January 1, 2019. Under ASU No. 2016-02, an entity may elect a practical expedient package, which states that: (a) an entity need not reassess whether any expired or existing contracts are leases or contain leases; (b) an entity need not reassess the lease classification for any expired or existing leases; and (c) an entity need not reassess initial direct costs for any existing leases. These three practical expedients are available as a single election that must be elected as a package and must be consistently applied to all existing leases at the date of adoption. The FASB has also tentatively noted in May 2017 board meeting minutes that lessors that adopt this package of practical expedients are not expected to reassess expired or existing leases at the date of initial application, which is January 1, 2017 under ASU No. 2016-02, or January 1, 2019, if the Company elects the optional transition method. The FASB noted that the transition provisions generally enable entities to “run off” their existing leases for the remainder of the lease term, which would effectively eliminate the need to calculate adjustment to the opening balance of accumulated earnings (deficit).

In March 2018, the FASB approved a proposal to the drafting of an amendment to the ASU to allow lessors to elect, as a practical expedient, not to allocate the total consideration to lease and non-lease components based on their relative standalone selling prices. If adopted, this single-lease component practical expedient will allow lessors to elect a combined single-lease component presentation if (i) the timing and pattern of transfer of the lease component and the non-lease component(s) associated with it are the same, and (ii) the lease component would be classified as an operating lease if it were accounted for separately. Non-lease components that do not meet the criteria of this practical expedient and combined components in which the non-lease component is the predominant component will be accounted for under the new revenue recognition ASU.

The Company does not expect that ASU No. 2016-02 will impact the Company's accounting for Fixed Lease Payments because the Company's accounting policy is currently consistent with the provisions of the standard. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the standard as it relates to Non-Lease Payments. If the practical expedient mentioned above is adopted and the Company elects it, the Company expects payments for expense reimbursements that qualify as Non-Lease Payments will be presented under a single lease component presentation. However, without the proposed practical expedient, the Company expects these reimbursements would be separated into Fixed Lease Payments and Non-Lease Payments. Under ASU No. 2016-02, reimbursements relating to property taxes and insurances are Fixed Lease Payments as the payments relates to the right to use the leased assets, while reimbursements relating to maintenance activities and common area expense are Non-Lease Payments and would be accounted under ASU No. 2014-09 upon the adoption of the ASU No. 2016-02 as these payments for goods or services are transferred separately from the right to use the underlying assets.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-08, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net) ("ASU No. 2016-08"). The amendments clarify how an entity should identify the unit of accounting (i.e., the specified good or service) for the principal versus agent evaluation, and how it should apply the control principle to certain types of arrangements, such as service transactions, by explaining what a principal controls before the specified good or service is transferred to the customer. The effective date and transition requirements for the amendments are the same as the effective date and transition requirements of ASU No. 2014-09 described above. The Company adopted the guidance using the modified retrospective approach for the fiscal year beginning January 1, 2018. The impact was minimal upon adoption of the new accounting guidance on its consolidated financial statements relating to the recognition of reporting revenue gross versus net on its consolidated financial statements as the Company’s current accounting for such transactions is consistent with the new guidance’s core principle.

Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

The accompanying consolidated financial statements of the Company are prepared by management on the accrual basis of accounting and in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”) as contained in the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”), and in conjunction with rules and regulations of the SEC. The consolidated financial statements include accounts and related adjustments, which are, in the opinion of management, of a normal recurring nature and necessary for a fair presentation of the Company’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016.

The consolidated financial statements of the Company include all accounts of the Company, the Operating Partnership, and its subsidiaries. Intercompany transactions are not shown on the consolidated statements. However, each property owning entity is a wholly owned subsidiary which is a special purpose entity (“SPE”), whose assets and credit are not available to satisfy the debts or obligations of any other entity, except to the extent required with respect to any co-borrower or guarantor under the same credit facility.

Revenue Recognition

Leases associated with the acquisition and contribution of certain real estate assets (see Note 3, Real Estate) have net minimum rent payment increases during the term of the lease and are recorded to rental revenue on a straight-line basis, commencing as of the contribution or acquisition date. If a lease provides for contingent rental income, the Company will defer the recognition of contingent rental income, such as percentage rents, until the specific target that triggers the contingent rental income is achieved.

Tenant reimbursement revenue, which is comprised of additional amounts collected from tenants for the recovery of certain operating expenses, including repair and maintenance, property taxes and insurance, and capital expenditures, to the extent allowed pursuant to the lease (collectively, “Recoverable Expenses”), is recognized as revenue when the additional rent is due. Recoverable Expenses to be reimbursed by a tenant are determined based on the Company’s estimate of the property’s operating expenses for the year, pro rated based on leased square footage of the property, and are collected in equal installments as additional rent from the tenant, pursuant to the terms of the lease. At least quarterly, the Company reconciles the amount of additional rent paid by the tenant during the quarter to the actual amount of the Recoverable Expenses incurred by the Company for the same period. The difference, if any, is either charged or credited to the tenant pursuant to the provisions of the lease. In certain instances, the lease may restrict the amount the Company can recover from the tenant such as a cap on certain or all property operating expenses.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could materially differ from those estimates.

Change in Consolidated Financial Statements Presentation

Certain amounts in the Company’s prior period consolidated financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation. During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company elected to early adopt Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-18 (as discussed below). As a result, the Company no longer presents transfers between cash and restricted cash in the consolidated statements of cash flows. Instead, restricted cash is included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the consolidated statements of cash flows.

Principles of Consolidation

The Company’s financial statements, and the financial statements of the Company’s Operating Partnership, including its wholly-owned subsidiaries, are consolidated in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. The portion of these entities not wholly-owned by the Company is presented as noncontrolling interests. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all short-term, highly liquid investments that are readily convertible to cash with a maturity of three months or less at the time of purchase to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents may include cash and short-term investments. Short-term investments are stated at cost, which approximates fair value. There were no cash equivalents, nor were there restrictions on the use of the Company’s cash balance as of December 31, 2017 and 2016.

The Company maintains its cash accounts with major financial institutions. The cash balances consist of business checking accounts. These accounts are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation up to $250,000 at each institution. The Company has not experienced any losses with respect to cash balances in excess of government provided insurance. Management believes there was no significant concentration of credit risk with respect to these cash balances as of December 31, 2017.

Restricted Cash

In conjunction with acquisitions of certain assets, as required by certain lease provisions or certain lenders in conjunction with an acquisition or debt financing, or credits received by the seller of certain assets, the Company assumed or funded reserves for specific property improvements and deferred maintenance, re-leasing costs, and taxes and insurance, which are included on the consolidated balance sheets as restricted cash. As of December 31, 2017, the Company had approximately $12.9 million in restricted cash, which includes tenant improvement funds.

Real Estate Purchase Price Allocation

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-01, Business Combinations, (see “Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements” below) that clarifies the framework for determining whether an integrated set of assets and activities meets the definition of a business. The revised framework establishes a screen for determining whether an integrated set of assets and activities is a business and narrows the definition of a business, which is expected to result in fewer transactions being accounted for as business combinations. Acquisitions of integrated sets of assets and activities that do not meet the definition of a business are accounted for as asset acquisitions. This update is effective for fiscal years, and for interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted for transactions that have not been reported in previously issued (or available to be issued) financial statements.

The Company adopted this accounting standard early effective October 1, 2016. As a result of the Company’s adoption of ASU No. 2017-01, Business Combinations, the Company anticipates that many of its future acquisitions will be treated as asset acquisitions, which will result in a lower amount of acquisition-related costs being expensed on the Company’s consolidated statement of operations, as the majority of those costs will be capitalized and included as part of the relative fair value allocation of the purchase price.

The Company applies the provisions in ASC 805-10, Business Combinations, to account for the acquisition of real estate, or real estate related assets, in which a lease, or other contract, is in place representing an active revenue stream, as an asset acquisition (in rare cases, a business combination). In accordance with the provisions of ASC 805-10 (on an asset acquisition), the Company recognizes an asset acquisition, the assets acquired, the liabilities assumed and any noncontrolling interest in the acquired entity at their relative fair values. The accounting provisions have also established that transaction costs associated with an asset acquisition are capitalized.

Acquired in-place leases are valued as above-market or below-market as of the date of acquisition. The valuation is measured based on the present value (using an interest rate, which reflects the risks associated with the leases acquired) of the difference between (a) the contractual amounts to be paid pursuant to the in-place leases and (b) management’s estimate of fair market lease rates for the corresponding in-place leases over a period equal to the remaining non-cancelable term of the lease for above-market leases, taking into consideration below-market extension options for below-market leases. In addition, renewal options are considered and will be included in the valuation of in-place leases if (1) it is likely that the tenant will exercise the option, and (2) the renewal rent is considered to be sufficiently below a fair market rental rate at the time of renewal. The above-market and below-market lease values are capitalized as intangible lease assets or liabilities and amortized as an adjustment to rental income over the remaining terms of the respective leases.

The aggregate relative fair value of in-place leases includes direct costs associated with obtaining a new tenant, opportunity costs associated with lost rentals, which are avoided by acquiring an in-place lease, and tenant relationships. Direct costs associated with obtaining a new tenant include commissions, tenant improvements, and other direct costs and are estimated using methods similar to those used in independent appraisals and management’s consideration of current market costs to execute a similar lease. These direct costs are considered intangible lease assets and are included with real estate assets on the consolidated balance sheets. The intangible lease assets are amortized to expense over the remaining terms of the respective leases. The value of opportunity costs is calculated using the contractual amounts to be paid, including real estate taxes, insurance, and other operating expenses, pursuant to the in-place leases over a market lease-up period for a similar lease. Customer relationships are valued based on management’s evaluation of certain characteristics of each tenant’s lease and the Company’s overall relationship with that respective tenant. Characteristics management will consider in allocating these values include the nature and extent of the Company’s existing business relationships with tenants, growth prospects for developing new business with the tenant, the tenant’s credit quality and expectations of lease renewals (including those existing under the terms of the lease agreement), among other factors. These intangibles will be included in intangible lease assets on the consolidated balance sheets and are amortized to expense over the remaining term of the respective leases.

The determination of the relative fair values of the assets and liabilities acquired requires the use of significant assumptions about current market rental rates, rental growth rates, discount rates and other variables.

Depreciation and Amortization

The purchase price of real estate acquired and the costs related to development, construction, and property improvements are capitalized. Repairs and maintenance costs include all costs that do not extend the useful life of the real estate asset and are expensed as incurred. The Company considers the period of future benefit of an asset to determine the appropriate useful life. The Company anticipates the estimated useful lives of its assets by class to be generally as follows:



Buildings		40 years
Building Improvements		5-20 years
Land Improvements		15-25 years
Tenant Improvements		Shorter of estimated useful life or remaining contractual lease term
Tenant Origination and Absorption Cost		Remaining contractual lease term
In-place Lease Valuation		Remaining contractual lease term with consideration as to below-market extension options for below-market leases

If a lease is terminated or amended prior to its scheduled expiration, the Company will accelerate the remaining useful life of the unamortized lease-related costs.

Impairment of Real Estate and Related Intangible Assets

The Company continually monitors events and changes in circumstances that could indicate that the carrying amounts of real estate and related intangible assets may not be recoverable, including credit ratings of all tenants to stay abreast of any material changes in credit quality. The Company monitors tenant credit by (1) reviewing the credit ratings of tenants (or their parent companies or lease guarantors) that are rated by nationally recognized rating agencies; (2) reviewing financial statements and related metrics and information that are publicly available or that are required to be provided pursuant to the lease; (3) monitoring news reports and press releases regarding the tenants (or their parent companies or lease guarantors), and their underlying business and industry; and (4) monitoring the timeliness of rent collections.

When indicators of potential impairment are present that indicate that the carrying amounts of real estate and related intangible assets may not be recoverable, management assesses whether the carrying value of the assets will be recovered through the future undiscounted operating cash flows expected from the use of the assets and the eventual disposition. If, based on this analysis, the Company does not believe that it will be able to recover the carrying value of the asset, the Company will record an impairment charge to the extent the carrying value exceeds the net present value of the estimated future cash flows of the asset.

Projections of expected future undiscounted cash flows require management to estimate future market rental income amounts subsequent to the expiration of current lease agreements, property operating expenses, discount rates, the number of months it takes to re-lease the property and the number of years the property is held for investment. For the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company did not record any impairment charges related to its real estate assets or intangible assets.

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

ASC Topic 815: Derivatives and Hedging (“ASC 815”), provides the disclosure requirements for derivatives and hedging activities with the intent to provide users of financial statements with an enhanced understanding of: (a) how and why an entity uses derivative instruments, (b) how the entity accounts for derivative instruments and related hedged items, and (c) how derivative instruments and related hedged items affect an entity’s financial position, financial performance, and cash flows. Further, ASC 815 requires qualitative disclosures regarding the Company’s objectives and strategies for using derivatives, as well as quantitative disclosures about the fair value of gains and losses on derivative instruments, and disclosures about credit-risk-related contingent features in derivative instruments.

As required by ASC 815, the Company recorded all derivatives on the consolidated balance sheet at fair value. The accounting for changes in the fair value of derivatives depends on the intended use of the derivative, and whether the Company has elected to designate a derivative in a hedging relationship and apply hedge accounting and whether the hedging relationship has satisfied the criteria necessary to apply hedge accounting. Derivatives designated and qualifying as a hedge of the exposure to changes in the fair value of an asset, liability, or firm commitment attributable to a particular risk, such as interest rate risk, are considered fair value hedges. Derivatives designated and qualifying as a hedge of the exposure to variability in expected future cash flows, or other types of forecasted transactions, are considered cash flow hedges. Hedge accounting generally provides for the matching of the timing of gain or loss recognition on the hedging instrument with the recognition of the changes in the fair value of the hedged asset or liability that are attributable to the hedged risk in a fair value hedge or the earnings effect of the hedged forecasted transactions in a cash flow hedge. The Company may enter into derivative contracts that are intended to economically hedge certain risks, even though hedge accounting does not apply or the Company elects not to apply hedge accounting. See Note 5, Interest Rate Contracts.

Income Taxes

The Company has elected to be taxed as a REIT under Sections 856 through 860 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”) for the year ended December 31, 2015. To qualify as a REIT, the Company must meet certain organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement to currently distribute at least 90% of the REIT’s ordinary taxable income to stockholders. As a REIT, the Company generally will not be subject to federal income tax on taxable income that is distributed to stockholders. If the Company fails to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, after the Company initially qualifies to be taxed as a REIT, the Company will then be subject to federal income taxes on the taxable income at regular corporate rates and will not be permitted to qualify for treatment as a REIT for federal income tax purposes for four years following the year during which qualification is lost unless the Internal Revenue Service grants the Company relief under certain statutory provisions. Such an event could materially adversely affect net income and net cash available for distribution to stockholders. However, the Company believes that it is organized and will operate in such a manner as to qualify for treatment as a REIT and intends to operate in the foreseeable future in such a manner that it will remain qualified as a REIT for federal income tax purposes.

The Company could engage in certain business activities that could have an adverse effect on its REIT qualification. The Company has elected to isolate these business activities in the books and records of the TRS. In general, the TRS may perform additional services for the Company’s tenants and generally may engage in any real estate or non-real estate related business. The TRS will be subject to corporate federal and state income tax. As of December 31, 2017, the TRS has not commenced operations.

Per Share Data

The Company reports earnings per share for the period as (1) basic earnings per share computed by dividing net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period, and (2) diluted earnings per share computed by dividing net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding, including common stock equivalents. As of December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, there were no material common stock equivalents that would have a dilutive effect on earnings (loss) per share for common stockholders.

The Company retroactively adjusted the number of shares of common stock outstanding in accordance with ASC 260-10, Earnings per Share. ASC 260-10 requires retroactively adjusting the computations of basic and diluted earnings per share for all periods presented to reflect the change in capital structure, if the number of shares of common stock outstanding increases as a result of a stock dividend or stock split or decreases as a result of a reverse stock split. If changes in common stock resulting from stock dividends, stock splits, or reverse stock splits occur after the close of the period but before the consolidated financial statements are issued or are available to be issued, the per-share computations for those and any prior-period consolidated financial statements presented shall be based on the new number of shares.

Segment Information

Unaudited Data

Any references to the number of buildings, square footage, number of leases, occupancy, and any amounts derived from these values in the notes to the consolidated financial statements are unaudited and outside the scope of the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm’s audit of its consolidated financial statements in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (“ASU No. 2017-12”), that simplifies hedge accounting. The purpose of this updated guidance is to better align a company’s financial reporting for hedging activities with the economic objectives of those activities. For cash flow hedges that are highly effective, the new standard requires all changes (effective and ineffective components) in the fair value of the hedging instrument to be recorded in other comprehensive income and to be reclassified into earnings only when the hedged item impacts earnings. Current guidance requires a periodic recognition of hedge ineffectiveness in earnings.

Under existing standards a quantitative assessment is made on an ongoing basis to determine if a hedge is highly effective in offsetting changes in cash flows associated with the hedged item. Under the new standard, entities will still be required to perform an initial quantitative test. However, the new standard allows entities to elect to subsequently perform only a qualitative assessment unless facts and circumstances change.

ASU No. 2017-12 is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. For cash flow hedges in existence at the date of adoption, an entity is required to apply a cumulative-effect adjustment for previously recognized ineffectiveness from retained earnings to accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”), as of the beginning of the fiscal year when an entity adopts the amendments in this ASU.

The Company utilizes interest rate hedge agreements to hedge a portion of exposure to variable interest rates primarily associated with borrowings based on London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”). As a result, all interest rate hedge agreements are designated as cash flow hedges. During the years ended December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the ineffectiveness related to the Company’s interest rate hedge agreement was immaterial. Therefore, the Company does not believe ASU No. 2017-12 would have an impact on operating results for the year ended December 31, 2017.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-01, Business Combinations (“ASU No. 2017-01”), that clarified the definition of a business. ASU No. 2017-01 is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted this update on October 1, 2016.

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-18, Restricted Cash (“ASU No. 2016-18”), that will require companies to include restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. This ASU will require a disclosure of a reconciliation between the statement of financial position and the statement of cash flows when the statement of financial position includes more than one line item for cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and restricted cash equivalents. Entities with material restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents balances will be required to disclose the nature of the restrictions. This ASU is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted, and will be applied retrospectively to all periods presented. The Company elected to early adopt ASU No. 2016-18 for the reporting period ending December 31, 2017 and applied retrospectively to all periods presented. As a result of the adoption of ASU No. 2016-18, the Company no longer presents the changes within restricted cash in the consolidated statements of cash flows.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments (“ASU No. 2016-15”). ASU No. 2016-15 addresses eight specific cash flow issues with the objective of reducing diversity in practice. The cash flow issues include debt prepayment or debt extinguishment costs and proceeds from the settlement of insurance claims. This ASU is effective for interim and annual reporting periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company elected to early adopt ASU No. 2016-15 for the reporting period ending December 31, 2017. There was no change to the Company’s consolidated financial statements or notes as a result of adoption.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (“ASU No. 2016-02”). ASU No. 2016-02 amends the existing accounting standards for lease accounting, including requiring lessees to recognize most leases on their balance sheets and making targeted changes to lessor accounting. ASU No. 2016-02 will direct how the Company accounts for payments from the elements of leases that are generally fixed and determinable at the inception of the lease (“Fixed Lease Payments”) while ASU No. 2014-09 (defined below) will direct how the Company accounts for the non-lease components of lease contracts, primarily expense reimbursements (“Non-Lease Payments”) and the accounting for the disposition of real estate facilities. ASU No. 2016-02 will be effective beginning in the first quarter of 2019. Early adoption of ASU No. 2016-02 as of its issuance is permitted.

The FASB has also issued a proposed amendment to the standard that would provide an entity an optional transition method to initially account for the impact of the adoption of the standard with a cumulative adjustment to accumulated earnings (deficit) on January 1, 2019 (the effective date of ASU No. 2016-02), rather than January 1, 2017, which would eliminate the need to restate amounts presented prior to January 1, 2019. Under ASU No. 2016-02, an entity may elect a practical expedient package, which allows for (a) an entity need not to reassess whether any expired or existing contracts are or contain leases; (b) an entity need not reassess the lease classification for any expired or existing leases; and (c) an entity need not reassess initial direct costs for any existing leases. These three practical expedients are available as a single election that must be elected as a package and must be consistently applied to all existing leases at the date of adoption. The FASB has also tentatively noted in board meeting minutes of May 2017 that lessors that adopt this package of practical expedients are not expected to reassess expired or existing leases at the date of initial application, which is January 1, 2017 under ASU No. 2016-02, or January 1, 2019, if the Company elects the optional transition method. The FASB noted that the transition provisions generally enable entities to “run off” their existing leases for the remainder of the lease term, which would effectively eliminate the need to calculate adjustment to the opening balance of accumulated earnings (deficit). In January, 2018, the FASB issued a proposed amendment to ASU No. 2016-02 that would allow lessors to elect, as a practical expedient, not to allocate the total consideration to Fixed Lease Payments and Non-Lease Payments based on their relative standalone selling prices. If adopted, this practical expedient will allow lessors to elect a combined single component presentation if (i) the timing and pattern of the revenue recognition for the Fixed Lease Payments and Non-Lease Payments are the same, and (ii) the combined single component of the lease would continue to be classified as an operating lease.

The Company does not expect that ASU 2016-02 will impact the Company’s accounting for Fixed Lease Payments, because the Company’s accounting policy is currently consistent with the provisions of the standard. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the standard as it relates to Non-Lease Payments. If the proposed practical expedient mentioned above is adopted and the Company elects it, the Company expects payments for expense reimbursements that qualify as Non-Lease Payments will be presented under a single lease component presentation. However, without the proposed practical expedient, the Company expects these reimbursements would be separated into Fixed Lease Payments and Non-Lease Payments. Under ASU No. 2016-02, reimbursements relating to property taxes and insurances are Fixed Lease Payments as the payments relates to the right to use the leased assets, while reimbursements relating to maintenance activities and common area expense are Non-Lease Payments and would be accounted under ASU No. 2014-09 upon the adoption of the ASU No. 2016-02 as these payments for goods or services are transferred separately from the right to use the underlying assets.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) (“ASU No. 2014-09”). ASU No. 2014-09 replaces substantially all industry-specific revenue recognition requirements and converges areas under this topic with International Financial Reporting Standards. ASU No. 2014-09 implements a five-step process for customer contract revenue recognition that focuses on transfer of control, as opposed to transfer of risk and rewards. ASU No. 2014-09 also requires enhanced disclosures regarding the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenues and cash flows from contracts with customers. Other major provisions in ASU No. 2014-09 include capitalizing and amortizing certain contract costs, ensuring the time value of money is considered in the applicable transaction price, and allowing estimates of variable consideration to be recognized before contingencies are resolved in certain circumstances. ASU No. 2014-09 was originally effective for reporting periods beginning after December 31, 2016 (for public entities). On April 1, 2015, the FASB voted to defer the effective date of ASU No. 2014-09 by one year to annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. On July 9, 2015, the FASB affirmed its proposal to defer the effective date to annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, although entities may elect to adopt the standard as of the original effective date. The Company intends to adopt the guidance using the modified retrospective approach for the fiscal year beginning January 1, 2018. The Company anticipates minimal impact upon adoption of the new accounting guidance on its consolidated financial statements relating to the recognition of gains and losses on the sale of real estate assets as the Company’s current accounting for such transactions is consistent with the new guidance’s core principle. Rental income from leasing arrangements is a substantial portion of the Company’s revenue, is specifically excluded from ASU No. 2014-09 and will be governed by the applicable lease codification (“ASU No. 2016-02”). In conjunction with the adoption of the leasing guidance, the Company is currently in the process of evaluating certain variable payment terms included in these lease arrangements which are governed by ASU No. 2014-09.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-08, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net “ASU No. 2016-08”). The amendments clarify how an entity should identify the unit of accounting (i.e., the specified good or service) for the principal versus agent evaluation, and how it should apply the control principle to certain types of arrangements, such as service transactions, by explaining what a principal controls before the specified good or service is transferred to the customer. The effective date and transition requirements for the amendments are the same as the effective date and transition requirements of ASU No. 2014-09 described above. The Company intends to adopt the guidance using the modified retrospective approach for the fiscal year beginning January 1, 2018. The Company anticipates minimal impact upon adoption of the new accounting guidance on its consolidated financial statements relating to the recognition of reporting revenue gross versus net on its consolidated financial statements as the Company’s current accounting for such transactions is consistent with the new guidance’s core principle.

Griffin Capital Essential Asset REIT, Inc. [Member]

Accounting Policies [Line Items]

Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

The consolidated financial statements of the Company include all accounts of the Company, the Operating Partnership, and its subsidiaries. Intercompany transactions are not shown on the consolidated statements. However, each property owning entity is a wholly owned subsidiary which is a special purpose entity, whose assets and credit are not available to satisfy the debts or obligations of any other entity, except to the extent required with respect to any co-borrower or guarantor under the same credit facility.

Principles of Consolidation

Consolidation Considerations

Current accounting guidance provides a framework for identifying a variable interest entity (“VIE”) and determining when a company should include the assets, liabilities, noncontrolling interests, and results of activities of a VIE in its consolidated financial statements. In general, a VIE is an entity or other legal structure used to conduct activities or hold assets that either (1) has an insufficient amount of equity to carry out its principal activities without additional subordinated financial support, (2) has a group of equity owners that are unable to make significant decisions about its activities, or (3) has a group of equity owners that do not have the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive returns generated by its operations. Generally, a VIE should be consolidated if a party with an ownership, contractual, or other financial interest in the VIE (a variable interest holder) has the power to direct the VIE’s most significant activities and the obligation to absorb losses or right to receive benefits of the VIE that could be significant to the VIE. A variable interest holder that consolidates the VIE is called the primary beneficiary. Upon consolidation, the primary beneficiary generally must initially record all of the VIE’s assets, liabilities, and noncontrolling interest at fair value and subsequently account for the VIE as if it were consolidated based on majority voting interest. See Note 4, Investments.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Restricted Cash

Restricted cash primarily consists of cash proceeds from dispositions that are temporarily held at qualified intermediaries for purposes of facilitating potential exchanges under Section 1031 of the Code (“Section 1031 Exchanges”). In addition, in conjunction with acquisitions of certain assets, as required by certain lease provisions or certain lenders in conjunction with an acquisition or debt financing, or credits received by the seller of certain assets, the Company assumed or funded reserves for specific property improvements and deferred maintenance, re-leasing costs, and taxes and insurance, which are included on the consolidated balance sheets as restricted cash. As of December 31, 2017, the Company had $154.9 million of restricted cash held at qualified intermediaries for the purpose of facilitating Section 1031 Exchanges. As of December 31, 2016, the Company had no restricted cash held at qualified intermediaries for the purpose of facilitating Section 1031 Exchanges.

Real Estate Purchase Price Allocation

In January 2017, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2017-01, Business Combinations, (see “Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements” below) that clarifies the framework for determining whether an integrated set of assets and activities meets the definition of a business. The revised framework establishes a screen for determining whether an integrated set of assets and activities is a business and narrows the definition of a business, which is expected to result in fewer transactions being accounted for as business combinations. Acquisitions of integrated sets of assets and activities that do not meet the definition of a business are accounted for as asset acquisitions. This update is effective for fiscal years, and for interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted for transactions that have not been reported in previously issued (or available to be issued) financial statements.

The Company adopted this accounting standard early effective January 1, 2017. As a result of the Company’s adoption of ASU No. 2017-01, Business Combinations, the Company anticipates that many of its future acquisitions (if any) will be treated as asset acquisitions, which will result in a lower amount of acquisition-related costs being expensed on the Company’s consolidated statement of operations, as the majority of those costs will be capitalized and included as part of the relative fair value allocation of the purchase price.

The Company applies the provisions in ASC 805-10, Business Combinations, to account for the acquisition of real estate, or real estate related assets, in which a lease, or other contract, is in place representing an active revenue stream, as an asset acquisition (in rare cases, a business combination). In accordance with the provisions of ASC 805-10 (on an asset acquisition), the Company recognizes the assets acquired, the liabilities assumed and any noncontrolling interest in the acquired entity at their relative fair values. The accounting provisions have also established that transaction costs associated with an asset acquisition are capitalized.

Depreciation and Amortization

The purchase price of real estate acquired and costs related to development, construction, and property improvements are capitalized. Repairs and maintenance costs include all costs that do not extend the useful life of the real estate asset and are expensed as incurred. The Company considers the period of future benefit of an asset to determine the appropriate useful life. The Company anticipates the estimated useful lives of its assets by class to be generally as follows:



Buildings	25-40 years
Building Improvements	5-20 years
Land Improvements	15-25 years
Tenant Improvements	Shorter of estimated useful life or remaining contractual lease term
Tenant Origination and Absorption Cost	Remaining contractual lease term
In-place Lease Valuation	Remaining contractual lease term with consideration as to below-market extension options for below-market leases

If a lease is terminated or amended prior to its scheduled expiration, the Company will accelerate the remaining useful life of the unamortized lease-related costs.

Assets Held for Sale

The Company accounts for properties held for sale in accordance with ASC 360, Property, Plant, and Equipment, (“ASC 360”), which addresses financial accounting and reporting for the impairment or disposal of long-lived assets and ASC 2014-08, Presentation of Financial Statements (“ASC 205”) and Property, Plant, and Equipment: Reporting Discontinued Operations and Disclosures of Disposals of Components of an Entity (“ASU No. 2014-08”). Under ASU No. 2014-08, a discontinued operation is (i) a component of an entity or group of components that has been disposed of by sale, that has been disposed of other than by sale, or that is classified as held for sale that represents a strategic shift that has or will have a major effect on an entity’s operations and financial results or (ii) an acquired business or nonprofit activity that is classified as held for sale on the date of the acquisition.

In accordance with ASC 205, a component of an entity or a group of components of an entity, or a business or nonprofit activity (the entity to be sold) shall be classified as held for sale in the period in which all of the required criteria are met.

In accordance with ASC 360, upon being classified as held for sale, a property is carried at the lower of (i) its carrying amount or (ii) fair value less costs to sell. In addition, a property being held for sale ceases to be depreciated.

Assets Reclassified from Held for Sale to Held and Used

Upon the Company’s determination to discontinue marketing properties for sale, the properties will no longer meet the held for sale criteria and are required to be reclassified as held and used at the lower of adjusted carrying value (carrying value of the properties prior to being classified as held for sale adjusted for any depreciation and/or amortization expense that would have been recognized had the properties been continuously classified as held and used) or its fair value at the date of the subsequent decision not to sell. If adjusted carrying value is determined to be lower, a catch up adjustment will be recorded. The depreciation and/or amortization expenses that would have been recognized had the properties been continuously classified as held and used will be included as a component of depreciation and amortization expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. If fair value is determined to be lower, the Company will record a loss included in income or loss from continuing operations in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

Impairment of Real Estate and Related Intangible Assets

Projections of expected future undiscounted cash flows require management to estimate future market rental income amounts subsequent to the expiration of current lease agreements, property operating expenses, discount rates, the number of months it takes to re-lease the property and the number of years the property is held for investment. As of December 31, 2017, the Company recorded an impairment provision of approximately $8.5 million related to the lease intangibles, building and land as it was determined that the carrying value of these assets would more than likely not be recoverable.

Revenue Recognition

Leases associated with the acquisition and contribution of certain real estate assets have net minimum rent payment increases during the term of the lease and are recorded to rental revenue on a straight-line basis, commencing as of the contribution or acquisition date. If a lease provides for contingent rental income, the Company will defer the recognition of contingent rental income, such as percentage rents, until the specific target that triggers the contingent rental income is achieved.

Tenant reimbursement revenue, which is comprised of additional amounts collected from tenants for the recovery of certain operating expenses, including repair and maintenance, property taxes and insurance, and capital expenditures, to the extent allowed pursuant to the lease (collectively, “Recoverable Expenses”), is recognized as revenue when the additional rent is due. Recoverable Expenses to be reimbursed by a tenant are determined based on the Company’s estimate of the property’s operating expenses for the year, pro rated based on leased square footage of the property, and are collected in equal installments as additional rent from the tenant, pursuant to the terms of the lease. At the end of each quarter, the Company reconciles the amount of additional rent paid by the tenant during the quarter to the actual amount of the Recoverable Expenses incurred by the Company for the same period. The difference, if any, is either charged or credited to the tenant pursuant to the provisions of the lease. In certain instances, the lease may restrict the amount the Company can recover from the tenant such as a cap on certain or all property operating expenses.

In a situation in which a lease associated with a significant tenant has been, or is expected to be, terminated early, or extended, the Company evaluates the remaining useful life of amortizable assets in the asset group related to the lease that will be terminated (i.e., above- and below-market lease intangibles, in-place lease value and deferred leasing costs). Based upon consideration of the facts and circumstances surrounding the termination or extension, the Company may write-off or accelerate the amortization associated with the asset group. Such amounts are included within rental and other income for above- and below-market lease intangibles and amortization for the remaining lease related asset groups in the consolidated statements of operations.

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

FASB ASC 815: Derivatives and Hedging (“ASC 815”) provides the disclosure requirements for derivatives and hedging activities with the intent to provide users of financial statements with an enhanced understanding of: (a) how and why an entity uses derivative instruments, (b) how the entity accounts for derivative instruments and related hedged items, and (c) how derivative instruments and related hedged items affect an entity’s financial position, financial performance, and cash flows. Further, ASC 815 requires qualitative disclosures regarding the Company’s objectives and strategies for using derivatives, as well as quantitative disclosures about the fair value of gains and losses on derivative instruments, and disclosures about credit-risk-related contingent features in derivative instruments.

Income Taxes

The Company has elected to be taxed as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). To qualify as a REIT, the Company must meet certain organizational and operational requirements. The Company intends to adhere to these requirements and maintain its REIT status for the current year and subsequent years. As a REIT, the Company generally will not be subject to federal income taxes on taxable income that is distributed to stockholders. However, the Company may be subject to certain state and local taxes on its income and property, and federal income and excise taxes on its undistributed taxable income, if any. If the Company fails to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, the Company will then be subject to federal income taxes on the taxable income at regular corporate rates and will not be permitted to qualify for treatment as a REIT for federal income tax purposes for four years following the year during which qualification is lost unless the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) grants the Company relief under certain statutory provisions. Such an event could materially adversely affect net income and net cash available for distribution to stockholders. As of December 31, 2017, the Company satisfied the REIT requirements and distributed all of its taxable income.

Pursuant to the Code, the Company has elected to treat its corporate subsidiary as a TRS. In general, the TRS may perform non-customary services for the Company’s tenants and may engage in any real estate or non real estate-related business. The TRS will be subject to corporate federal and state income tax. As of December 31, 2017, the TRS had not commenced operations.

Use of Estimates

Change in Consolidated Financial Statements Presentation

Certain amounts in the Company’s prior period consolidated financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation. Property expense recovery reimbursements are presented gross on the statement of operations for all periods presented. During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company elected to early adopt ASU No. 2016-18 (as defined below). As a result, the Company no longer presents transfers between cash and restricted cash in the consolidated statements of cash flows. Instead, restricted cash is included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning of period and end of period total amounts shown on the consolidated statements of cash flows.

Per Share Data

The Company reports earnings per share for the period as (1) basic earnings per share computed by dividing net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period, and (2) diluted earnings per share computed by dividing net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding, including common stock equivalents. As of December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, there were no material common stock equivalents that would have a dilutive effect on earnings (loss) per share for common stockholders.

Segment Information

Segment Reporting (“ASC 280”), establishes standards for reporting financial and descriptive information about a public entity’s reportable segments. The Company internally evaluates all of the properties and interests therein as one reportable segment.

Unaudited Data

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging. The purpose of this updated guidance is to better align a company’s financial reporting for hedging activities with the economic objectives of those activities. For cash flow hedges that are highly effective, the new standard requires all changes (effective and ineffective components) in the fair value of the hedging instrument to be recorded in other comprehensive income and to be reclassified into earnings only when the hedged item impacts earnings. Current guidance requires a periodic recognition of hedge ineffectiveness in earnings.

The ASU is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. For cash flow hedges in existence at the date of adoption, an entity is required to apply a cumulative-effect adjustment for previously recognized ineffectiveness from retained earnings to accumulated other comprehensive income, as of the beginning of the fiscal year when an entity adopts the amendments in this ASU.

The Company utilizes interest rate hedge agreements to hedge a portion of exposure to variable interest rates primarily associated with borrowings based on London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”). As a result, all interest rate hedge agreements are designated as cash flow hedges. During the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, the ineffectiveness related to the Company’s interest rate hedge agreements was immaterial. Therefore, the Company does not believe this ASU would have an impact on operating results for the year ended December 31, 2017.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-01, Business Combinations, that clarified the definition of a business. The ASU is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted this update on January 1, 2017. Refer to “Real Estate Purchase Price Allocation” above for a discussion of this accounting pronouncement.

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-18, Restricted Cash, that will require companies to include restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. The ASU will require a disclosure of a reconciliation between the statement of financial position and the statement of cash flows when the statement of financial position includes more than one line item for cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and restricted cash equivalents. Entities with material restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents balances will be required to disclose the nature of the restrictions. This ASU is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted, and will be applied retrospectively to all periods presented. The Company elected to early adopt ASU No. 2016-18 for the reporting period ending December 31, 2017 and apply this ASU retrospectively to all periods presented. As a result of the adoption of ASU No. 2016-18, the Company no longer presents the changes within restricted cash in the consolidated statements of cash flows.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments. ASU No. 2016-15 addresses eight specific cash flow issues with the objective of reducing diversity in practice. The cash flow issues include debt prepayment or debt extinguishment costs and proceeds from the settlement of insurance claims. This ASU is effective for interim and annual reporting periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company elected to early adopt ASU No. 2016-15 for the reporting period ending December 31, 2017. There was no change to the Company’s consolidated financial statements or notes as a result of adoption.

Additionally, the Company is analyzing its current ground lease obligation under ASU No. 2016-02. The Company has done a preliminary assessment and continues to evaluate the potential impact the guidance may have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures and will adopt ASU No. 2016-02 as of January 1, 2019.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) (“ASU No. 2014-09”). ASU No. 2014-09 replaces substantially all industry-specific revenue recognition requirements and converges areas under this topic with International Financial Reporting Standards. ASU No. 2014-09 implements a five-step process for customer contract revenue recognition that focuses on transfer of control, as opposed to transfer of risk and rewards. ASU No. 2014-09 also requires enhanced disclosures regarding the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenues and cash flows from contracts with customers. Other major provisions in ASU No. 2014-09 include capitalizing and amortizing certain contract costs, ensuring the time value of money is considered in the applicable transaction price, and allowing estimates of variable consideration to be recognized before contingencies are resolved in certain circumstances. ASU No. 2014-09 was originally effective for reporting periods beginning after December 31, 2016 (for public entities). On April 1, 2015, the FASB voted to defer the effective date of ASU No. 2014-09 by one year to annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. On July 9, 2015, the FASB affirmed its proposal to defer the effective date to annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, although entities may elect to adopt the standard as of the original effective date. The Company intends to adopt the guidance using the modified retrospective approach for the fiscal year beginning January 1, 2018. The Company anticipates minimal impact upon adoption of the new accounting guidance on its consolidated financial statements relating to the recognition of gains and losses on the sale of real estate assets as the Company’s current accounting for such transactions is consistent with the new guidance’s core principle. Rental income from leasing arrangements is a substantial portion of the Company’s revenue, is specifically excluded from ASU No. 2014-09 and will be governed by the applicable lease codification (ASU No. 2016-02). In conjunction with the adoption of the leasing guidance, the Company is currently in the process of evaluating certain variable payment terms included in these lease arrangements which are governed by ASU No. 2014-09.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-08, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net). The amendments clarify how an entity should identify the unit of accounting (i.e., the specified good or service) for the principal versus agent evaluation, and how it should apply the control principle to certain types of arrangements, such as service transactions, by explaining what a principal controls before the specified good or service is transferred to the customer. The effective date and transition requirements for the amendments are the same as the effective date and transition requirements of ASU No. 2014-09. The Company intends to adopt the guidance using the modified retrospective approach for the fiscal year beginning January 1, 2018. The Company anticipates minimal impact upon adoption of the new accounting guidance on its consolidated financial statements relating to the recognition of reporting revenue gross versus net on its consolidated financial statements as the Company’s current accounting for such transactions is consistent with the new guidance’s core principle.

Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

The consolidated financial statements of the Company include all accounts of the Company, the Operating Partnership, and its subsidiaries. Intercompany transactions are not shown on the consolidated statements. However, each property owning entity is a wholly owned subsidiary which is a special purpose entity, which assets and credit are not available to satisfy the debts or obligations of any other entity, except to the extent required with respect to any co-borrower or guarantor under the same credit facility.

Use of Estimates

Change in Consolidated Financial Statements Presentation

Certain amounts in the Company's prior period consolidated financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation. During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company elected to early adopt Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2016-18, Restricted Cash ("ASU No. 2016-18"). As a result, the Company no longer presents transfers between cash and restricted cash in the consolidated statements of cash flows. Instead, restricted cash is included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning of period and end of period total amounts shown on the consolidated statements of cash flows.

Recoverable state tax expenses have been reclassified from general and administrative expenses to property operating expenses on the statement of operations for all periods presented. Certain amounts in the Company's prior period consolidated financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation. See Assets Held for Sale in Note 3, Real Estate.

Per Share Data

The Company reports earnings per share for the period as (1) basic earnings per share computed by dividing net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period, and (2) diluted earnings per share computed by dividing net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding, including common stock equivalents. As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, there were no material common stock equivalents that would have a dilutive effect on earnings (loss) per share for common stockholders.

Segment Information

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging ("ASU No. 2017-12"). The purpose of this updated guidance is to better align a company’s financial reporting for hedging activities with the economic objectives of those activities. For cash flow hedges that are highly effective, the new standard requires all changes (effective and ineffective components) in the fair value of the hedging instrument to be recorded in other comprehensive income and to be reclassified into earnings only when the hedged item impacts earnings. Current guidance requires a periodic recognition of hedge ineffectiveness in earnings.

The FASB has also issued an amendment to the standard that would provide an entity an optional transition method to initially account for the impact of the adoption of the standard with a cumulative adjustment to accumulated earnings (deficit) on January 1, 2019 (the effective date of ASU No. 2016-02), rather than January 1, 2017, which would eliminate the need to restate amounts presented prior to January 1, 2019. Under ASU No. 2016-02, an entity may elect a practical expedient package, which states that: (a) an entity need not reassess whether any expired or existing contracts are leases or contain leases; (b) an entity need not reassess the lease classification for any expired or existing leases; and (c) an entity need not reassess initial direct costs for any existing leases. These three practical expedients are available as a single election that must be elected as a package and must be consistently applied to all existing leases at the date of adoption. The FASB has also tentatively noted in its May 2017 board meeting minutes that lessors that adopt this package of practical expedients are not expected to reassess expired or existing leases at the date of initial application, which is January 1, 2017 under ASU No. 2016-02, or January 1, 2019, if the Company elects the optional transition method. The FASB noted that the transition provisions generally enable entities to “run off” their existing leases for the remainder of the lease term, which would effectively eliminate the need to calculate adjustment to the opening balance of accumulated earnings (deficit).

In March 2018, the FASB approved a proposal to the drafting of an amendment to ASU No. 2016-02 to allow lessors to elect, as a practical expedient, not to allocate the total consideration to lease and non-lease components based on their relative standalone selling prices. If adopted, this single-lease component practical expedient will allow lessors to elect a combined single-lease component presentation if (i) the timing and pattern of transfer of the lease component and the non-lease component(s) associated with it are the same, and (ii) the lease component would be classified as an operating lease if it were accounted for separately. Non-lease components that do not meet the criteria of this practical expedient and combined components in which the non-lease component is the predominant component will be accounted for under the new ASU No. 2016-02.

The Company does not expect that ASU No. 2016-02 will impact the Company's accounting for Fixed Lease Payments because the Company's accounting policy is currently consistent with the provisions of the standard. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the standard as it relates to Non-Lease Payments. If the practical expedient mentioned above is adopted and the Company elects it, the Company expects payments for expense reimbursements that qualify as Non-Lease Payments will be presented under a single lease component presentation. However, without the proposed practical expedient, the Company expects these reimbursements would be separated into Fixed Lease Payments and Non-Lease Payments. Under ASU No. 2016-02, reimbursements relating to property taxes and insurances are Fixed Lease Payments as the payments relate to the right to use the leased assets, while reimbursements relating to maintenance activities and common area expense are Non-Lease Payments and would be accounted under ASU No. 2014-09 upon the adoption of the ASU No. 2016-02 as these payments for goods or services are transferred separately from the right to use the underlying assets.

Additionally, the Company is analyzing its current ground lease obligation under ASU No. 2016-02 where the Company is the lessee. The Company has done a preliminary assessment and continues to evaluate the potential impact the guidance may have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures and will adopt ASU No. 2016-02 as of January 1, 2019. The Company is the lessee under two ground leases. The Company believes that the application of this standard will result in the recording of a right of use asset and the related lease liability for the ground leases.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) (“ASU No. 2014-09”). ASU No. 2014-09 replaces substantially all industry-specific revenue recognition requirements and converges areas under this topic with International Financial Reporting Standards. ASU No. 2014-09 implements a five-step process for customer contract revenue recognition that focuses on transfer of control, as opposed to transfer of risk and rewards. ASU No. 2014-09 also requires enhanced disclosures regarding the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenues and cash flows from contracts with customers. Other major provisions in ASU No. 2014-09 include capitalizing and amortizing certain contract costs, ensuring the time value of money is considered in the applicable transaction price, and allowing estimates of variable consideration to be recognized before contingencies are resolved in certain circumstances. ASU No. 2014-09 was originally effective for reporting periods beginning after December 31, 2016 (for public entities). On April 1, 2015, the FASB voted to defer the effective date of ASU No. 2014-09 by one year to annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. On July 9, 2015, the FASB affirmed its proposal to defer the effective date to annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, although entities may elect to adopt the standard as of the original effective date. The Company adopted the guidance using the modified retrospective approach for the fiscal year beginning on January 1, 2018. The impact of the adoption of the new accounting guidance was minimal on the Company's consolidated financial statements relating to the recognition of gains and losses on the sale of real estate assets was minimal as the Company’s current accounting for such transactions is consistent with the new guidance’s core principle. Rental income from leasing arrangements is a substantial portion of the Company’s revenue, is specifically excluded from ASU No. 2014-09 and will be governed by the applicable lease codification, ASU No. 2016-02. In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-08, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net) ("ASU No. 2016-08"). The amendments clarify how an entity should identify the unit of accounting (i.e., the specified good or service) for the principal versus agent evaluation, and how it should apply the control principle to certain types of arrangements, such as service transactions, by explaining what a principal controls before the specified good or service is transferred to the customer. The effective date and transition requirements for the amendments are the same as the effective date and transition requirements of ASU No. 2014-09 described above. The Company adopted the guidance using the modified retrospective approach for the fiscal year beginning on January 1, 2018. The impact of the adoption of the new accounting guidance was minimal on the Company's consolidated financial statements relating to the recognition of reporting revenue gross versus net on the Company's consolidated financial statements as the Company’s current accounting for such transactions is consistent with the new guidance’s core principle.