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Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2021
Schedule of warrant activity

We typically issue warrants to purchase shares of our common stock to investors as part of a financing transaction or in connection with services rendered by placement agents and consultants.   A summary of warrant activity is as follows:

    

    

    

Weighted-

    

Weighted-

Average

Average

Remaining

Aggregate

Number of

Exercise

Contractual

Intrinsic

    

Shares

    

Price/Share

    

Term (Years)

    

Value (1)

Outstanding — December 31, 2018

 

2,049,534

$

4.03

 

  

 

  

Issued

 

 

 

  

 

  

Exercised

 

(1,027,546)

 

3.95

 

  

 

  

Expired

 

(20,960)

 

17.78

 

  

 

  

Outstanding — December 31, 2019

 

1,001,028

3.83

 

  

 

  

Issued

 

 

 

  

 

  

Exercised

 

(963,149)

 

3.80

 

  

 

  

Expired

 

(37,879)

 

4.58

 

  

 

  

Outstanding — December 31, 2020

 

$

 

$

Vested (exercisable) — December 31, 2020

 

$

 

$

Schedule of fair value assumptions of stock options

During the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, we granted stock options at exercise prices equal to or greater than the quoted market price of our common stock on the grant date. The fair value of each option grant was estimated on the date of grant using Black-Scholes with the following assumptions:

December 31, 

    

2021

    

2020

    

2019

Expected life (years)

3.5 - 6.1

5.3 - 6.3

5.2 - 6.2

Risk-free interest rate

 

0.47% - 1.18

%  

0.31% - 1.70

%  

1.42% - 2.57

%  

Volatility

64.4% – 80.8

%  

69.8% - 82.7

%  

70.6% - 99.2

%  

Dividend yield

 

0%

0%

0%

Schedule of share-based payment awards

Total stock-based compensation expense related to our share-based payment awards is comprised of the following (in thousands):

Year Ended December 31, 

    

2021

    

2020

    

2019

Cost of revenues

$

1,620

$

371

$

1,479

Selling, general and administrative

 

12,425

 

7,862

 

13,946

Engineering and development

 

1,300

 

683

 

1,098

$

15,345

$

8,916

$

16,523

Schedule of stock option activity

A summary of stock option activity is as follows:

Weighted-

Weighted-

Average

Average

Remaining

Aggregate

Number of

Exercise

Contractual

Intrinsic

    

Shares

    

Price/Share

    

Term (Years)

    

Value (1)

Outstanding — December 31, 2019

 

6,679,581

$

7.14

 

  

 

  

Granted (weighted-average fair value of $13.21 per share)

 

1,789,000

20.46

 

  

 

  

Exercised

 

(855,717)

 

6.73

 

  

 

  

Forfeited

 

(56,475)

 

13.39

 

  

 

  

Expired

 

(2,084)

 

19.56

 

  

 

  

Outstanding — December 31, 2020

 

7,554,305

10.29

 

  

 

  

Granted (weighted-average fair value of $32.79 per share)

541,353

56.61

  

Exercised

 

(1,037,910)

 

8.66

 

  

 

Forfeited

 

(29,807)

 

40.56

 

  

 

Outstanding — December 31, 2021

 

7,027,941

$

13.97

 

5.8

$

318,105,000

Vested (exercisable) — December 31, 2021

 

5,551,168

$

9.38

 

5.3

$

276,418,000

Expected to vest after December 31, 2021 (unexercisable)

 

1,476,773

$

31.19

 

7.7

$

41,687,000

(1)Aggregate intrinsic value represents the difference between the exercise price of the option and the closing market price of the common stock on December 31, 2021, which was $59.17 per share.
Schedule of restricted stock unit activity

A summary of our restricted stock unit activity is as follows:

    

    

Weighted Average

Number of Restricted

Fair Value per

Stock Units

Share

Outstanding – December 31, 2020

 

$

Granted

 

392,940

 

55.51

Forfeited

 

(19,091)

 

55.23

Share issuance

 

 

Outstanding – December 31, 2021

 

373,849

$

55.53

Stock Options [Member]  
Summary of stock options outstanding and exercisable

The following table summarizes information with respect to stock options outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2021:

Weighted-

Average

Weighted-

Weighted-

Remaining

Average

Average

Number

Contractual

Exercise

Number

Exercise

Exercise Price

    

Outstanding

    

Life (Years)

    

Price

    

Exercisable

    

Price

$1.87 – 3.07

 

705,996

 

4.1

$

2.30

 

705,996

$

2.30

$3.19 – 3.44

 

730,738

 

3.8

$

3.31

 

730,738

$

3.31

$4.80 – 4.92

 

587,200

 

3.4

$

4.80

 

587,200

$

4.80

$5.00 – 7.67

 

691,907

 

3.6

$

5.04

 

691,907

$

5.04

$7.80 – 8.65

 

765,615

 

5.2

$

8.34

 

765,615

$

8.34

$9.29 – 12.79

 

994,310

 

7.1

$

11.99

 

992,921

$

11.99

$13.37 – 16.95

 

1,424,960

 

8.1

$

16.52

 

680,786

$

16.30

$17.36 – 73.15

 

1,127,215

 

7.5

$

40.77

 

396,005

$

31.20

 

7,027,941

 

5,551,168