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Convertible Senior Notes | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2022
Convertible Senior Notes |
Convertible Senior Notes | Note 9. Convertible Senior Notes Convertible Senior Notes payable consisted of the following at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 (in thousands): ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | September 30, | ​ | December 31,
​ |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Principal amount of 2025 Senior Notes | ​ | $ | 14,344 | ​ | $ | 14,344
Principal amount of 2026 Senior Notes | ​ |  | 402,500 | ​ |  | 402,500
Less: unamortized debt issuance costs | ​ | ​ | (10,773) | ​ | ​ | (12,673)
Net carrying value of Convertible Senior Notes payable | ​ | $ | 406,071 | ​ | $ | 404,171
​ Interest expense incurred in connection with the Convertible Senior Notes consisted of the following for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands): ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Three Months Ended | ​ | Nine Months Ended
​ | ​ | September 30, | ​ | September 30,
​ |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Coupon interest | ​ | $ | 881 | ​ | $ | 885 | ​ | $ | 2,616 | ​ | $ | 2,600
Amortization of debt issuance costs | ​ | ​ | 635 | ​ | ​ | 194 | ​ | ​ | 1,903 | ​ | ​ | 579
Total interest expense on Convertible Senior Notes | ​ | $ | 1,516 | ​ | $ | 1,079 | ​ | $ | 4,519 | ​ | $ | 3,179
​ The Company’s 2025 Senior Notes and 2026 Senior Notes payable of $14.3 million and $402.5 million, respectively, are due and payable in 2025 and 2026, respectively. 2026 Senior Notes On November 12, 2021, the Company issued $402.5 million aggregate principal amount of 0.75% Convertible Senior Notes due in 2026 (the “2026 Senior Notes”), which includes the initial purchasers’ exercise in full of their option to purchase an additional $52.5 million principal amount of the 2026 Senior Notes, in a private placement exempt from registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). The 2026 Senior Notes are governed by an indenture (the “2026 Indenture”) dated November 12, 2021 between the Company, as issuer, and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee (the “Trustee”). The Company received $390.4 million from the offering, net of underwriting discounts and commissions of $12.1 million, and incurred approximately $0.6 million in third-party offering related costs. The 2026 Senior Notes bear cash interest at a rate of 0.75%, payable semi-annually on June 1 and December 1 of each year, beginning on June 1, 2022 and will mature on December 1, 2026, unless earlier repurchased, redeemed, or converted in accordance with the terms of the 2026 Senior Notes. At September 30, 2022, accrued interest of $1.0 million is included in accounts payable and accrued liabilities in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. The 2026 Senior Notes comprise the Company’s senior, unsecured obligations and are (i) equal in right of payment with the Company’s existing and future senior, unsecured indebtedness; (ii) senior in right of payment to the Company’s existing and future indebtedness that is expressly subordinated to the 2026 Senior Notes; (iii) effectively subordinated to the Company’s existing and future secured indebtedness, to the extent of the value of the collateral securing that indebtedness; and (iv) structurally subordinated to all existing and future indebtedness and other liabilities, including trade payables, and (to the extent the Company is not a holder thereof) preferred equity, if any, of the Company’s subsidiaries. Noteholders may convert their 2026 Senior Notes at their option into shares of the Company’s common stock in the following circumstances: (1) before the close of business on the business day immediately before September 1, 2026, noteholders have the right to convert their 2026 Senior Notes only upon the occurrence of certain events (e.g., if sale price per share of the Company’s common stock exceeds 130% of the conversion price for a number of trading days; upon the occurrence of certain corporate events or distributions on the Company’s common stock; if the Company calls the 2026 Senior Notes for redemption); and (2) from and after September 1, 2026, noteholders may convert their 2026 Senior Notes at any time at their election until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately before the maturity date. The Company will settle conversions by paying or delivering, as applicable, cash, shares of its common stock or a combination of cash and shares of its common stock, at the Company’s election. The 2026 Senior Notes are initially convertible into approximately 3,422,780 shares of the Company’s common stock based on the initial conversion rate of 8.5038 shares of the Company’s common stock per $1,000 principal amount of the 2026 Senior Notes, which represents an initial conversion price of approximately $117.59 per share of the Company’s common stock. The conversion rate and conversion price are subject to customary adjustments upon the occurrence of certain events. Also, if certain corporate events that constitute a “Make-Whole Fundamental Change” (as defined in the 2026 Indenture) occur, then the conversion rate will, in certain circumstances, be increased for a specified period of time and is determined by reference to a make-whole table set forth in the 2026 Indenture. However, in no event will the conversion rate be increased to an amount that exceeds 12.3304 shares of the Company’s common stock per $1,000 principal amount of 2026 Senior Notes. In addition, the holders of the 2026 Senior Notes may require the Company to repurchase the 2026 Senior Notes at a cash repurchase price equal to the principal amount of the 2026 Senior Notes plus accrued and unpaid interest following the occurrence of a “Fundamental Change” (as described in the 2026 Indenture). The 2026 Senior Notes will be redeemable, in whole or in part (subject to certain limitations described below), at the Company’s option at any time, and from time to time, on or after December 6, 2024 and on or before the 41st scheduled trading day immediately before the maturity date, at a cash redemption price equal to the principal amount of the 2026 Senior Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the redemption date, but only if certain liquidity conditions are satisfied and the last reported sale price per share of the Company’s common stock exceeds 130% of the conversion price on (1) each of at least 20 trading days, whether or not consecutive, during the 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the trading day immediately before the date the Company sends the related redemption notice; and (2) the trading day immediately before the date the Company sends such notice. However, the Company may not redeem less than all of the outstanding 2026 Senior Notes unless at least $100.0 million aggregate principal amount of 2026 Senior Notes are outstanding and not called for redemption as of the time the Company sends the related redemption notice. In addition, calling any 2026 Senior Notes for redemption will constitute a Make-Whole Fundamental Change with respect to the 2026 Senior Notes, in which case the conversion rate applicable to the conversion of that 2026 Senior Notes will be increased in certain circumstances if it is converted during the related redemption conversion period. The 2026 Senior Notes contain customary terms and events of default. If an event of default involving bankruptcy, insolvency, or reorganization events with respect to the Company (and not solely with respect to a significant subsidiary of the Company) occurs, then the principal amount of, and all accrued and unpaid interest on, the 2026 Senior Notes then outstanding will immediately become due and payable without any further action or notice by any person. If any other event of default (as defined in the 2026 Indenture) occurs and is continuing, then, the Trustee, by notice to the Company, or holders of at least 25% of the aggregate principal amount of the 2026 Senior Notes then outstanding, by notice to the Company and the Trustee, may declare the principal amount of, and all accrued and unpaid interest on, all of the 2026 Senior Notes then outstanding to become due and payable immediately. However, notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company may elect, at its option, that the sole remedy for an event of default relating to certain failures by the Company to comply with certain reporting covenants in the 2026 Indenture consists exclusively of the right of the noteholders to receive special interest on the 2026 Senior Notes for up to 180 days at a specified rate per annum not exceeding 0.50% on the principal amount of the 2026 Senior Notes. There were no events of default at September 30, 2022. The 2026 Senior Notes are accounted for in accordance with ASC 470-20, Debt with Conversion and Other Options (“ASC 470-20”) and ASC 815-40, Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (“ASC 815-40”). Under ASC 815-40, to qualify for equity classification (or nonbifurcation, if embedded) the instrument (or embedded feature) must be both (1) indexed to the issuer’s stock and (2) meet the requirements of the equity classification guidance. Based upon the Company’s analysis, it was determined the 2026 Senior Notes do contain embedded features indexed to its own stock, but do not meet the requirements for bifurcation and recognition as derivatives, and therefore do not need to be separately recognized. Accordingly, the proceeds received from the issuance of the 2026 Senior Notes were recorded as a single liability measured at amortized cost on the consolidated balance sheet. The Company incurred approximately $12.6 million of debt issuance costs relating to the issuance of the 2026 Senior Notes, which were recorded as a reduction to the 2026 Senior Notes on the consolidated balance sheet. The debt issuance costs are being amortized and recognized as additional interest expense over the expected life of the 2026 Senior Notes using the effective interest rate method. We determined the expected life of the debt is equal to the five-year term of the 2026 Senior Notes. The effective interest rate on the 2026 Senior Notes is 1.39%. 2025 Senior Notes In May 2020, the Company issued $115.0 million aggregate principal amount of 3.00% Convertible Senior Notes due in 2025 (the “2025 Senior Notes”), which includes the initial purchasers’ exercise in full of their option to purchase an additional $15.0 million principal amount of the 2025 Senior Notes, in a private placement exempt from registration under the Securities Act. The 2025 Senior Notes are governed by an indenture (the “2025 Indenture”) dated May 26, 2020 between the Company, as issuer, and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee. The Company received $111.3 million from the offering, net of underwriting discounts and commissions of $3.7 million, and incurred approximately $0.3 million in third-party offering related costs. The 2025 Senior Notes bear cash interest at a rate of 3.00%, payable semi-annually on June 1 and December 1 of each year, beginning on December 1, 2020 and will mature on June 1, 2025, unless earlier repurchased, redeemed, or converted in accordance with the terms of the 2025 Senior Notes. At September 30, 2022, accrued interest of $0.1 million is included in accounts payable and accrued liabilities in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. The 2025 Senior Notes comprise the Company’s senior, unsecured obligations and are (i) equal in right of payment with the Company’s existing and future senior, unsecured indebtedness; (ii) senior in right of payment to the Company’s existing and future indebtedness that is expressly subordinated to the 2025 Senior Notes; (iii) effectively subordinated to the Company’s existing and future secured indebtedness, to the extent of the value of the collateral securing that indebtedness; and (iv) structurally subordinated to all existing and future indebtedness and other liabilities, including trade payables, and (to the extent the Company is not a holder thereof) preferred equity, if any, of the Company’s subsidiaries. At any time before the close of business on the scheduled trading day immediately before the maturity date, holders of the 2025 Senior Notes may convert their 2025 Senior Notes at their option into shares of the Company’s common stock. The 2025 Senior Notes were initially convertible into approximately 4,810,002 shares of the Company’s common stock based on the initial conversion rate of 41.8261 shares of the Company’s common stock per $1,000 principal amount of the 2025 Senior Notes, which represents an initial conversion price of approximately $23.91 per share of the Company’s common stock. The conversion rate and conversion price are subject to customary adjustments upon the occurrence of certain events. Also, if certain corporate events that constitute a “Make-Whole Fundamental Change” (as defined in the 2025 Indenture) occur, then the conversion rate will, in certain circumstances, be increased for a specified period of time and is determined by reference to a make-whole table set forth in the 2025 Indenture. However, in no event will the conversion rate be increased to an amount that exceeds 48.10 shares of the Company’s common stock per $1,000 principal amount of 2025 Senior Notes. In addition, the holders of the 2025 Senior Notes may require the Company to repurchase the 2025 Senior Notes at par value plus accrued and unpaid interest following the occurrence of a “Fundamental Change” (as described in the 2025 Indenture). On or after June 5, 2023, we may redeem the 2025 Senior Notes at our option, in whole and not in part, at a cash redemption price equal to the principal amount of the 2025 Senior Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, if:
| (1) | The last reported sale price per share of the Company’s common stock exceeds 130% of the conversion price on (i) each of at least 20 trading days, whether or not consecutive, during the 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the trading day immediately before the date the Company send the related redemption notice; and (ii) the trading day immediately before the date the Company sends such notice; and
| (2) | A registration statement covering the resale of the shares of the Company’s common stock issuable upon conversion of the 2025 Senior Notes is effective and available for use and is expected to remain effective and available during the redemption period as of the date the redemption notice is sent.
The 2025 Senior Notes contain customary terms and events of default. If an event of default arising out of certain events of bankruptcy, insolvency, or reorganization involving the Company or a significant subsidiary (as set forth in the 2025 Indenture) occurs with respect to the Company, the principal amount of the 2025 Senior Notes and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, will automatically become immediately due and payable. If any other event of default (as defined in the 2025 Indenture) occurs and is continuing, either the Trustee or the holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding 2025 Senior Notes may declare the principal amount of the 2025 Senior Notes to be due and payable immediately by notice to the Company. There were no events of default at September 30, 2022. The 2025 Senior Notes are accounted for in accordance with ASC 470-20, Debt with Conversion and Other Options (“ASC 470-20”) and ASC 815-40, Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (“ASC 815-40”). Under ASC 815-40, to qualify for equity classification (or nonbifurcation, if embedded) the instrument (or embedded feature) must be both (1) indexed to the issuer’s stock and (2) meet the requirements of the equity classification guidance. Based upon the Company’s analysis, it was determined the 2025 Senior Notes do contain embedded features indexed to its own stock, but do not meet the requirements for bifurcation and recognition as derivatives, and therefore do not need to be separately recognized. Accordingly, the proceeds received from the issuance of the 2025 Senior Notes were recorded as a single liability measured at amortized cost on the consolidated balance sheet. The Company incurred approximately $4.1 million of debt issuance costs relating to the issuance of the 2025 Senior Notes, which were recorded as a reduction to the 2025 Senior Notes on the consolidated balance sheet. The debt issuance costs are being amortized and recognized as additional interest expense over the expected life of the 2025 Senior Notes using the effective interest rate method. We determined the expected life of the debt is equal to the five-year term of the 2025 Senior Notes. The effective interest rate on the 2025 Senior Notes is 3.74%. On November 9, 2021, the Company entered into separate, privately negotiated note purchase agreements with a limited number of holders of its 2025 Senior Notes pursuant to which the Company repurchased approximately $100.7 million principal amount of 2025 Senior Notes for an aggregate cash repurchase price of approximately $351.1 million, which includes accrued and unpaid interest on the repurchased 2025 Senior Notes. The Company used net proceeds from a registered direct placement of its common stock to holders of its 2025 Senior Notes, together with a portion of the net proceeds from the issuance of the 2026 Senior Notes, to repurchase the $100.7 million principal amount of 2025 Senior Notes (see Note 13). This transaction involved contemporaneous exchanges of cash between the Company and the same limited number of holders of the 2025 Senior Notes participating in the issuance of the 2026 Senior Notes. Accordingly, we evaluated the transaction for modification or extinguishment accounting depending on whether the exchange is determined to have substantially different terms. The repurchase of the 2025 Senior Notes and issuance of the 2026 Senior Notes were deemed to have substantially different terms based on the present value of the cash flows. Therefore, the repurchase of the 2025 Senior Notes was accounted for as a debt extinguishment. The Company recorded $251.8 million as loss on extinguishment of debt on its consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2021, which includes the write off of related deferred financing costs of $2.6 million. After giving effect to the repurchase, the total remaining principal amount outstanding under the 2025 Senior Notes as of September 30, 2022 was $14.3 million. In connection with the issuance of the 2025 Senior Notes, the Company entered into a registration rights agreement (the “Registration Rights Agreement”) to use its best efforts to file a registration statement for the resale of the 2025 Senior Notes and the shares of the Company’s common stock issuable upon conversion of the 2025 Senior Notes, to cause the registration statement to become effective by January 31, 2021, and to keep the registration statement continuously effective for a specified period of time. In December 2020, the Company filed an automatic shelf registration statement to register the resale of the 2025 Senior Notes and the shares of the Company’s common stock issuable upon conversion of the 2025 Senior Notes. If the Company fails to satisfy certain of its obligations under the Registration Rights Agreement (a “Registration Default”), it will be required to pay additional interest on the 2025 Senior Notes. Such additional interest will accrue at a rate per annum equal to 0.25% of the principal amount thereof for the first 90 days beginning on, and including the date on which such Registration Default occurs and, thereafter, at a rate per annum equal to 0.50% of the principal amount thereof. However, in no event will such additional interest, together with any special interest that accrues pursuant to the 2025 Indenture accrue on any day on a note at a combined rate per annum that exceeds 0.50%. Additionally, if a Registration Default exists on the maturity date for the 2025 Senior Notes, then, in addition to any additional interest otherwise payable, the Company will be required to make a cash payment to each noteholder in an amount equal to 3% of the principal amount of 2025 Senior Notes outstanding and held by such holder as of the close of business on the business day immediately before the maturity date. As of September 30, 2022, the Company has not accrued any fees or expenses associated with the Registration Rights Agreement as no Registration Default exists and, therefore, it is not probable that a payment would be required.

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