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Income Taxes (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2024
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] |
Schedule of Income from Continuing Operations before Income Tax | Loss from continuing operations before income tax consisted of the following:
| Year Ended December 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
United States | $ | (8,590) |  |  | $ | (65,413) |  |  | $ | (53,012) |
Foreign | (40,610) |  |  | (67,061) |  |  | 29,190 |
Loss from continuing operations before income tax | $ | (49,200) |  |  | $ | (132,474) |  |  | $ | (23,822) |
Schedule of Provision for Income Taxes | Income Tax (Expense) Benefit from Continuing Operations Income tax (expense) benefit from continuing operations consisted of the following:
| Year Ended December 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Current tax (expense) benefit: |  |  |  |  |
Federal | $ | 981 |  |  | $ | 1,623 |  |  | $ | 2,815 |
Foreign | (1,468) |  |  | 3,119 |  |  | (7,511) |
State and other | (191) |  |  | (144) |  |  | (154) |
Total current | (678) |  |  | 4,598 |  |  | (4,850) |
Deferred tax (expense) benefit: |  |  |  |  |
Federal | 6,011 |  |  | 15,542 |  |  | 6,635 |
Foreign | 3,086 |  |  | 12,028 |  |  | (2,842) |
State and other | 509 |  |  | 143 |  |  | 155 |
Total deferred | 9,606 |  |  | 27,713 |  |  | 3,948 |
Income tax (expense) benefit | $ | 8,928 |  |  | $ | 32,311 |  |  | $ | (902) |
Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation | The following table reconciles the effective income tax rate on continuing operations to the U.S. federal statutory rate:
| Year Ended December 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
U.S. federal statutory income tax rate | 21.0 | % |  | 21.0 | % |  | 21.0 | %
Change in valuation allowance | (11.5) |  |  | (7.7) |  |  | (38.2) |
Adjustment to previously filed tax returns | (0.4) |  |  | 2.0 |  |  | 11.3 |
Tax credits (excluding foreign tax credit) | 4.1 |  |  | 5.4 |  |  | 17.8 |
Nondeductible compensation for executives and share-based awards | (3.4) |  |  | 0.5 |  |  | (10.5) |
Net changes in uncertain tax positions | 6.3 |  |  | (0.1) |  |  | (5.6) |
Difference in foreign statutory rates | 1.2 |  |  | 2.1 |  |  | (8.2) |
U.S. tax on foreign earnings (GILTI and Subpart F, net of FTC) | (0.4) |  |  | (0.1) |  |  | (0.9) |
Interest on tax payments/receipts | 1.1 |  |  | 0.6 |  |  | 10.1 |
Other | 0.1 |  |  | 0.7 |  |  | (0.6) |
Effective income tax rate on continuing operations | 18.1 | % |  | 24.4 | % |  | (3.8) | %
Schedule of Temporary Differences and Resulting Deferred Tax Liability | The nature of these temporary differences and the resulting net deferred tax balances follow:
| December 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023
Deferred tax assets: |  |  |
Net operating losses(a) | $ | 157,942 |  |  | $ | 116,353 |
Canadian pool of SR&ED(a) | 96,458 |  |  | 96,113 |
Property, plant and equipment basis differences | 74,408 |  |  | 123,521 |
Tax credit carryforwards(a) | 71,013 |  |  | 71,741 |
Environmental liabilities | 39,316 |  |  | 39,258 |
Deferred U.S. interest deductions(a) | 36,286 |  |  | 33,188 |
Pension, postretirement and other employee benefits | 19,534 |  |  | 25,114 |
Capitalized costs | 18,275 |  |  | 19,868 |
Deferred foreign interest deductions(a) | 7,601 |  |  | 3,290 |
Other compensation | 7,050 |  |  | 5,412 |
State net operating losses(a) | 3,454 |  |  | 3,536 |
Other deferred tax assets | 23,636 |  |  | 21,003 |
Total gross deferred tax assets | 554,973 |  |  | 558,397 |
Valuation allowance(a) | (86,082) |  |  | (78,858) |
Total deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance | 468,891 |  |  | 479,539 |
Deferred tax liabilities: |  |  |
Property, plant and equipment basis differences | (110,577) |  |  | (115,315) |
Prepaid expenses | (4,487) |  |  | (19,253) |
Intangible assets | (2,326) |  |  | (4,377) |
Other deferred tax liabilities | (15,686) |  |  | (10,603) |
Total deferred tax liabilities | (133,076) |  |  | (149,548) |
Net deferred tax asset | $ | 335,815 |  |  | $ | 329,991 |
Net deferred tax asset as reflected in consolidated balance sheets: |  |  |
Deferred tax assets | $ | 349,500 |  |  | $ | 345,181 |
Deferred tax liabilities | (13,685) |  |  | (15,190) |
| $ | 335,815 |  |  | $ | 329,991 |
(a)Further detail of these items as of December 31, 2024 follows:
| Gross Amount |  | Tax Effected |  | Valuation Allowance |  | Expiration
Foreign R&D credit carryforwards | $ | 31,212 |  |  | $ | 31,212 |  |  | $ | (31,212) |  |  | 2025-2042
U.S. tax credit carryforwards | 44,924 |  |  | 39,801 |  |  | (19,270) |  |  | 2025-2033
State net operating losses | 74,124 |  |  | 3,454 |  |  | (1,792) |  |  | 2025-2044
Canada non-capital losses | 626,536 |  |  | 141,987 |  |  | (1,739) |  |  | 2027-2043
Other foreign net operating losses | 14,828 |  |  | 3,827 |  |  | (1,998) |  |  | 2040-None
Canada pool of SR&ED | 417,988 |  |  | 96,458 |  |  | — |  |  | None
U.S. interest limitation carryforward | 164,938 |  |  | 36,286 |  |  | (22,470) |  |  | None
U.S. federal net operating losses | 57,750 |  |  | 12,128 |  |  | — |  |  | None
Foreign interest limitation carryforward | 30,479 |  |  | 7,601 |  |  | (7,601) |  |  | None
Schedule of Unrecognized Tax Benefits Roll Forward | A reconciliation of beginning and ending unrecognized tax benefits balances follows:
| Year Ended December 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Balance at beginning of period | $ | 13,580 |  |  | $ | 11,015 |  |  | $ | 12,073 |
Decreases related to prior year tax positions | (3,035) |  |  | (1,612) |  |  | (255) |
Increases related to prior year tax positions | 905 |  |  | 2,804 |  |  | 440 |
Decreases related to current year tax positions | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2,386) |
Increases related to current year tax positions | 957 |  |  | 1,373 |  |  | 1,143 |
Decreases due to statutory expirations | (1,963) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Balance at end of period | $ | 10,444 |  |  | $ | 13,580 |  |  | $ | 11,015 |
Schedule of Income Tax Examinations | The following table provides the tax years that remain open to examination by significant taxing jurisdictions:
| Open Tax Years
U.S. | 2020-2024
France | 2021-2024
Canada | 2020-2024

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