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Income Taxes
9 Months Ended
Sep. 27, 2020
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes Income Taxes
Income tax benefit was $1.2 million and $12.8 million for the third quarter of 2020 and 2019, respectively. Income tax benefit was $36.5 million and expense was $6.3 million for September year to date 2020 and 2019, respectively. These amounts were impacted by changes in the fair value of the Company's investment in Persol Holdings, which resulted in a charge of $5.2 million for the third quarter of 2020 and a benefit of $9.6 million for September year to date 2020, compared to a benefit of $12.1 million for the third quarter of 2019 and a charge of $10.7 million for September year to date 2019. September year to date 2020 includes a tax benefit of $23.0 million on the impairment of goodwill and a second quarter tax benefit of $7.7 million from Brazil outside basis differences. September year to date 2019 includes a second quarter net benefit of $10.4 million from valuation allowance changes in the United Kingdom and Germany.

Our tax expense is affected by recurring items, such as the amount of pretax income and its mix by jurisdiction, U.S. work opportunity credits and the change in cash surrender value of tax exempt investments in life insurance policies. It is also affected by discrete items that may occur in any given period but are not consistent from period to period, such as tax law changes, changes in judgment regarding the realizability of deferred tax assets, the tax effects of stock compensation, and changes in the fair value of the Company’s investment in Persol Holdings, which are treated as discrete since they cannot be estimated. The impairment of goodwill in the first quarter of 2020, the recording of deferred taxes on Brazil outside basis differences in the second quarter of 2020, and the valuation allowance changes in the second quarter of 2019 were treated as discrete items.

The work opportunity credit program is a temporary provision in the U.S. tax law and expires for employees hired after 2020. While the program has routinely been extended, it is uncertain whether it will again be extended. In the event the program is not renewed, we will continue to receive credits for qualified employees hired prior to 2021. The impact of the current economic slow-down resulting from the COVID-19 crisis did not change our judgment on the realizability of deferred tax assets or our plans to repatriate cash from foreign subsidiaries.