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Income Taxes
3 Months Ended
Apr. 04, 2021
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes Income Taxes
Income tax expense was $10.5 million for the first quarter of 2021 and income tax benefit was $36.2 million for the first quarter of 2020. The first quarter of 2021 includes tax expense of $9.2 million for the gain on the Company's investment in Persol Holdings. The first quarter of 2020 includes a tax benefit of $23.0 million on the impairment of goodwill and a tax benefit of $23.8 million for the loss on the Company's investment in Persol Holdings. The first quarter of 2020 benefit was partially offset by losses on tax exempt investments in life insurance policies and income from the sale of assets discussed in the Sale of Assets footnote.

Our tax expense is affected by recurring items, such as the amount of pretax income and its mix by jurisdiction, U.S. work opportunity credits and the change in cash surrender value of tax exempt investments in life insurance policies. It is also affected by discrete items that may occur in any given period but are not consistent from period to period, such as tax law changes, changes in judgment regarding the realizability of deferred tax assets, the tax effects of stock compensation, and changes in the fair value of the Company’s investment in Persol Holdings, which are treated as discrete since they cannot be estimated. The first quarter of 2020 impairment of goodwill was treated as discrete.

The Company provides valuation allowances against deferred tax assets when it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax asset will not be realized. At this time, we have no valuation allowance against our Mexican deferred tax asset of $4.2 million, though it is possible this may change as we assess the impacts of the new labor laws enacted in the second quarter of 2021 on our Mexican business operations.