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Goodwill and Intangible Assets | 12 Months Ended
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Jan. 02, 2022
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract] |
Goodwill and Intangible Assets | Goodwill and Intangible Assets The goodwill resulting from the acquisition of Softworld during the second quarter of 2021 (see Acquisitions and Disposition footnote) was allocated to the SET reportable segment and Softworld was deemed to be a separate reporting unit. The goodwill resulting from the acquisition of Greenwood/Asher during the fourth quarter of 2020 (see Acquisitions and Disposition footnote) was allocated to the Education reportable segment, which was deemed to be a reporting unit. The Company performs its annual goodwill impairment testing in the fourth quarter each year and regularly assesses whenever events or circumstances make it more likely than not that an impairment may have occurred. In performing the step one quantitative test and consistent with our prior practice, we determined the fair value of the reporting unit using the income approach. Under the income approach, estimated fair value was determined based on estimated future cash flows discounted by an estimated market participant weighted-average cost of capital, which reflects the overall level of inherent risk of the reporting unit being measured. Estimated future cash flows were based on our internal projection model and reflects management’s outlook for the reporting unit. Assumptions and estimates about future cash flows and discount rates are complex and often subjective. They can be affected by a variety of factors, including external factors such as industry and economic trends, and internal factors such as changes in our business strategy and our internal forecasts. Our analysis used significant assumptions for the reporting unit, including: expected future revenue growth rates, profit margins and discount rate. The step zero test includes making judgments and assessments to determine whether any events or circumstances have occurred that makes it more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. In the fourth quarter of 2021, we performed a step one quantitative test for the Softworld reporting unit. As a result of the quantitative assessment, we determined that the estimated fair value of the Softworld reporting unit was more than its carrying value. Additionally, we performed a step zero qualitative analysis for the Education reporting unit to determine whether a further quantitative analysis was necessary and concluded that a step one quantitative analysis was not necessary. As a result of the quantitative and qualitative assessments, the Company determined goodwill was not impaired as of year-end 2021. During the first quarter of 2020, negative market reaction to the COVID-19 crisis, including declines in our common stock price, caused our market capitalization to decline significantly compared to the fourth quarter of 2019, causing a triggering event. Therefore, we performed an interim step one quantitative test for our previous reporting units with goodwill, Americas Staffing and GTS, and determined that the estimated fair values of both reporting units no longer exceeded their carrying values. Based on the result of our interim goodwill impairment test as of the first quarter of 2020, we recorded a goodwill impairment charge of $147.7 million to write off goodwill for both reporting units. A portion of the goodwill balance was deductible for tax purposes. During the fourth quarter of 2020, the Company performed a step zero qualitative analysis for the Education reporting unit to determine whether a further quantitative analysis was necessary. The step zero test included making judgments and assessments to determine whether any events or circumstances have occurred that makes it more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. As a result of this qualitative assessment, a step one quantitative analysis was not deemed necessary, and the Company determined goodwill was not impaired as of year-end 2020. The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the fiscal years 2021 and 2020 are included in the tables below. See Acquisitions and Disposition footnote for a description of the additions to goodwill.
|  | As of Year-End 2020 |  | Additions to Goodwill |  | Impairment Adjustments |  | As of Year-End 2021
|  | (In millions of dollars)
Science, Engineering & Technology |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 111.3 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 111.3 |
Education |  | 3.5 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3.5 |
Total |  | $ | 3.5 |  |  | $ | 111.3 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 114.8 |
|  | As of Year-End 2019 |  | Additions to Goodwill |  | Impairment Adjustments |  | As of Year-End 2020
|  | (In millions of dollars)
Americas Staffing |  | $ | 58.5 |  |  | $ | 19.9 |  |  | $ | (78.4) |  |  | $ | — |
Global Talent Solutions |  | 69.3 |  |  | — |  |  | (69.3) |  |  | — |
Education |  | — |  |  | 3.5 |  |  | — |  |  | 3.5 |
Total |  | $ | 127.8 |  |  | $ | 23.4 |  |  | $ | (147.7) |  |  | $ | 3.5 |
Intangible assets, excluding fully-amortized intangibles, are included within other assets on our consolidated balance sheet and consist of the following (in millions of dollars):
|  |  | 2021 |  | 2020
| Useful lives |  | Gross Carrying amount |  | Less: Accumulated Amortization |  | Net |  | Gross Carrying amount |  | Less: Accumulated Amortization |  | Net
Customer relationships | 10 years |  | $ | 106.9 |  |  | $ | 22.2 |  |  | $ | 84.7 |  |  | $ | 52.0 |  |  | $ | 13.1 |  |  | $ | 38.9 |
Candidate database | 4 years |  | 1.5 |  |  | 1.5 |  |  | — |  |  | 1.5 |  |  | 1.3 |  |  | 0.2 |
Trade names | 10-15 years |  | 35.8 |  |  | 4.2 |  |  | 31.6 |  |  | 12.7 |  |  | 1.6 |  |  | 11.1 |
Non-compete agreements | 5 years |  | 3.1 |  |  | 1.2 |  |  | 1.9 |  |  | 1.7 |  |  | 0.6 |  |  | 1.1 |
Trademarks | 10 years |  | 4.8 |  |  | 1.0 |  |  | 3.8 |  |  | 4.8 |  |  | 0.5 |  |  | 4.3 |
Total |  |  | $ | 152.1 |  |  | $ | 30.1 |  |  | $ | 122.0 |  |  | $ | 72.7 |  |  | $ | 17.1 |  |  | $ | 55.6 |
The year-over-year change in total intangible assets was due to the intangibles purchased in connection with the Softworld acquisition (see Acquisitions and Disposition footnote). Intangible amortization expense, which is included in SG&A expense in the consolidated statements of earnings, was $13.0 million, $6.8 million and $5.4 million in 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The amortization expense will be $14.6 million in 2022 and 2023, $14.3 million in 2024 and 2025 and $14.1 million in 2026.

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