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Segment Disclosures
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Segment Reporting [Abstract]  
Segment Disclosures Segment Disclosures
The Company’s operating segments, which also represent its reporting segments, are based on the organizational structure for which financial results are regularly evaluated by the Company’s chief operating decision-maker ("CODM", the Company’s CEO) to determine resource allocation and assess performance. The Company’s five reportable segments, (1) Professional & Industrial, (2) Science, Engineering & Technology, (3) Education, (4) Outsourcing & Consulting, and (5) International, reflect the specialty services the Company provides to customers and represent how the business is organized internally. Intersegment revenue represents revenue earned between the reportable segments and is eliminated from total segment revenue from services.

Professional & Industrial delivers staffing, outcome-based and permanent placement services providing administrative, accounting and finance, light industrial and contact center staffing and other workforce solutions in the U.S. and Canada, including our KellyConnect and Skilled Professional Solutions products. Science, Engineering & Technology provides highly specialized skills to a variety of industries through staffing, outcome-based and permanent placement services. SET is focused on science and clinical research, engineering, technology and telecommunications specialties predominantly in the U.S. and Canada and includes Softworld, NextGen and GTA brands. Education delivers high quality education and therapy services talent through staffing, permanent placement and executive search services to Pre-K-12 school districts and education organizations across the U.S. and includes Teachers On Call, Greenwood/Asher and PTS brands. Outsourcing & Consulting provides global talent supply chain and workforce solutions, including MSP, RPO, PPO and executive coaching programs to customers on a global basis and includes our RocketPower brand. International delivers staffing, local RPO and permanent
placement services in 14 countries in Europe, as well as services in Mexico. Our EMEA staffing operations were sold on January 2, 2024.

Corporate expenses that directly support the operating units have been allocated to Professional & Industrial, Science, Engineering & Technology, Education, Outsourcing & Consulting and International based on work effort, volume or, in the absence of a readily available measurement process, proportionately based on gross profit realized. Unallocated corporate expenses include those related to incentive compensation, law and risk management, certain finance and accounting functions, executive management, corporate campus facilities, IT production support, certain legal costs and expenses related to corporate initiatives that do not directly benefit a specific operating segment.

The following tables present information about the reported revenue from services and gross profit of the Company by reportable segment, along with a reconciliation to earnings (loss) before taxes and equity in net earnings of affiliate, for 2023, 2022 and 2021. Asset information by reportable segment is not presented, since the Company does not produce such information internally nor does it use such information to manage its business.

 202320222021
 (In millions of dollars)
Revenue from Services: 
Professional & Industrial$1,483.1 $1,666.2 $1,837.4 
Science, Engineering & Technology1,190.8 1,265.4 1,156.8 
Education841.9 636.2 416.5 
Outsourcing & Consulting454.7 468.0 432.1 
International884.8 932.2 1,067.8 
Less: Intersegment revenue(19.6)(2.6)(0.9)
Consolidated Total$4,835.7 $4,965.4 $4,909.7 
 202320222021
 (In millions of dollars)
Earnings from Operations: 
Professional & Industrial gross profit$263.9 $302.5 $310.0 
Professional & Industrial SG&A expenses(237.0)(270.5)(278.6)
Asset impairment charge(0.3)— — 
Professional & Industrial earnings from operations26.6 32.0 31.4 
Science, Engineering & Technology gross profit272.0 297.0 253.9 
Science, Engineering & Technology SG&A expenses(197.6)(214.9)(180.2)
Asset impairment charge(0.1)— — 
Science, Engineering & Technology earnings from operations74.3 82.1 73.7 
Education gross profit128.7 100.3 65.1 
Education SG&A expenses(92.4)(81.8)(62.1)
Education earnings from operations36.3 18.5 3.0 
Outsourcing & Consulting gross profit163.5 169.6 141.4 
Outsourcing & Consulting SG&A expenses(154.6)(149.8)(122.7)
Asset impairment charge(2.0)— — 
Goodwill impairment charge— (41.0)— 
Outsourcing & Consulting earnings (loss) from operations6.9 (21.2)18.7 
International gross profit133.3 142.4 148.8 
International SG&A expenses(131.2)(132.5)(138.9)
International earnings from operations2.1 9.9 9.9 
Corporate(121.9)(94.0)(88.1)
Loss on disposal— (18.7)— 
Gain on sale of assets— 6.2 — 
Consolidated Total24.3 14.8 48.6 
Gain (loss) on investment in Persol Holdings— (67.2)121.8 
Loss on currency translation from liquidation of subsidiary— (20.4)— 
Other income (expense), net0.6 1.6 15.4 
Earnings (loss) before taxes and equity in net earnings of affiliate$24.9 $(71.2)$185.8 

Depreciation and amortization expense included in SG&A expenses by segment above are as follows:

202320222021
(In millions of dollars)
Depreciation and amortization:
Professional & Industrial$3.1 $3.7 $5.3 
Science, Engineering & Technology12.5 12.7 10.6 
Education6.3 5.2 3.6 
Outsourcing & Consulting4.0 3.5 0.7 
International1.6 1.7 2.0 
A summary of revenue from services by geographic area for 2023, 2022 and 2021 follows:

 202320222021
 (In millions of dollars)
Revenue from Services:   
United States$3,555.8 $3,671.5 $3,513.4 
Foreign1,279.9 1,293.9 1,396.3 
Total$4,835.7 $4,965.4 $4,909.7 

Foreign revenue is based on the country in which the legal subsidiary is domiciled. No single foreign country’s revenue represented more than 10% of the consolidated revenues of the Company. No single customer represented more than 10% of the consolidated revenues of the Company.

A summary of long-lived assets information by geographic area as of year-end 2023 and 2022 follows:

 20232022
 (In millions of dollars)
Long-Lived Assets:  
United States$68.4 $72.1 
Foreign21.6 22.5 
Total$90.0 $94.6 

Long-lived assets represent property and equipment and ROU assets and includes $18.4 million of held for sale assets. No single foreign country’s long-lived assets represented more than 10% of the consolidated long-lived assets of the Company.