10-Q 1 arowform10-qseptember2018.htm 10-Q
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
[X] QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the Quarterly Period Ended September 30, 2018
or
[ ] TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
Commission File Number: 0-12507
ARROW FINANCIAL CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

New York |  | 22-2448962
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
250 GLEN STREET, GLENS FALLS, NEW YORK 12801
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (518) 745-1000

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. x Yes No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). x Yes No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer | Accelerated filer x
Non-accelerated filer |
Smaller reporting company |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Emerging growth company |  |  |  |  |  |  |
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standard provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. __

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes x No
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

Class |  | Outstanding as of October 31, 2018
Common Stock, par value $1.00 per share |  | 14,452,521

ARROW FINANCIAL CORPORATION
FORM 10-Q
TABLE OF CONTENTS

| Page
PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION |
Item 1. Financial Statements | 3
Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 39
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 67
Item 4. Controls and Procedures | 67
PART II - OTHER INFORMATION |
Item 1. Legal Proceedings | 68
Item 1.A. Risk Factors | 68
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 68
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities | 68
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures | 68
Item 5. Other Information | 69
Item 6. Exhibits | 69
SIGNATURES | 70

# 2

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

ARROW FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Amounts) (Unaudited)
| September 30, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017 |  | September 30, 2017
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |
Cash and Due From Banks | $ | 57,385 |  |  | $ | 42,562 |  |  | $ | 55,683 |
Interest-Bearing Deposits at Banks | 34,910 |  |  | 30,276 |  |  | 24,983 |
Investment Securities: |  |  |  |  |
Available-for-Sale | 340,411 |  |  | 300,200 |  |  | 315,459 |
Held-to-Maturity (Approximate Fair Value of $282,719 at September 30, 2018; $335,901 at December 31, 2017; and $343,899 at September 30, 2017) | 289,952 |  |  | 335,907 |  |  | 341,526 |
Equity Securities | 1,916 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Other Investments | 10,866 |  |  | 9,949 |  |  | 6,704 |
Loans | 2,126,100 |  |  | 1,950,770 |  |  | 1,908,799 |
Allowance for Loan Losses | (20,003 | ) |  | (18,586 | ) |  | (17,695 | )
Net Loans | 2,106,097 |  |  | 1,932,184 |  |  | 1,891,104 |
Premises and Equipment, Net | 28,601 |  |  | 27,619 |  |  | 26,432 |
Goodwill | 21,873 |  |  | 21,873 |  |  | 21,873 |
Other Intangible Assets, Net | 1,954 |  |  | 2,289 |  |  | 2,395 |
Other Assets | 59,255 |  |  | 57,606 |  |  | 58,303 |
Total Assets | $ | 2,953,220 |  |  | $ | 2,760,465 |  |  | $ | 2,744,462 |
LIABILITIES |  |  |  |  |
Noninterest-Bearing Deposits | $ | 490,469 |  |  | $ | 441,945 |  |  | $ | 448,515 |
Interest-Bearing Checking Accounts | 899,547 |  |  | 907,315 |  |  | 967,250 |
Savings Deposits | 758,727 |  |  | 694,573 |  |  | 696,805 |
Time Deposits over $250,000 | 76,226 |  |  | 38,147 |  |  | 28,464 |
Other Time Deposits | 182,886 |  |  | 163,136 |  |  | 166,082 |
Total Deposits | 2,407,855 |  |  | 2,245,116 |  |  | 2,307,116 |
Federal Funds Purchased and Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase | 62,503 |  |  | 64,966 |  |  | 61,419 |
Federal Home Loan Bank Overnight Advances | 131,000 |  |  | 105,000 |  |  | 33,000 |
Federal Home Loan Bank Term Advances | 45,000 |  |  | 55,000 |  |  | 55,000 |
Junior Subordinated Obligations Issued to Unconsolidated Subsidiary Trusts | 20,000 |  |  | 20,000 |  |  | 20,000 |
Other Liabilities | 22,052 |  |  | 20,780 |  |  | 23,279 |
Total Liabilities | 2,688,410 |  |  | 2,510,862 |  |  | 2,499,814 |
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY |  |  |  |  |
Preferred Stock, $5 Par Value; 1,000,000 Shares Authorized | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Common Stock, $1 Par Value; 20,000,000 Shares Authorized (19,035,565 Shares Issued at September 30, 2018; 18,481,301 at December 31, 2017 and 18,481,301 at September 30, 2017) | 19,035 |  |  | 18,481 |  |  | 18,481 |
Additional Paid-in Capital | 313,763 |  |  | 290,219 |  |  | 289,294 |
Retained Earnings | 24,258 |  |  | 28,818 |  |  | 22,581 |
Unallocated ESOP Shares (9,932 Shares at September 30, 2018; 9,643 Shares at December 31, 2017 and 20,050 Shares at September 30, 2017) | (200 | ) |  | (200 | ) |  | (400 | )
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss | (12,621 | ) |  | (8,514 | ) |  | (6,135 | )
Treasury Stock, at Cost (4,584,147 Shares at September 30, 2018; 4,541,524 Shares at December 31, 2017 and 4,570,291 Shares at September 30, 2017) | (79,425 | ) |  | (79,201 | ) |  | (79,173 | )
Total Stockholders’ Equity | 264,810 |  |  | 249,603 |  |  | 244,648 |
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity | $ | 2,953,220 |  |  | $ | 2,760,465 |  |  | $ | 2,744,462 |

See Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements.
# 3

ARROW FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (In Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts) (Unaudited)
| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
INTEREST AND DIVIDEND INCOME |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest and Fees on Loans | $ | 20,839 |  |  | $ | 17,996 |  |  | $ | 59,606 |  |  | $ | 51,693 |
Interest on Deposits at Banks | 182 |  |  | 104 |  |  | 474 |  |  | 242 |
Interest and Dividends on Investment Securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fully Taxable | 2,187 |  |  | 1,924 |  |  | 6,128 |  |  | 5,927 |
Exempt from Federal Taxes | 1,287 |  |  | 1,575 |  |  | 4,295 |  |  | 4,660 |
Total Interest and Dividend Income | 24,495 |  |  | 21,599 |  |  | 70,503 |  |  | 62,522 |
INTEREST EXPENSE |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-Bearing Checking Accounts | 390 |  |  | 376 |  |  | 1,165 |  |  | 1,088 |
Savings Deposits | 901 |  |  | 356 |  |  | 2,134 |  |  | 963 |
Time Deposits over $250,000 | 301 |  |  | 66 |  |  | 833 |  |  | 187 |
Other Time Deposits | 370 |  |  | 241 |  |  | 911 |  |  | 702 |
Federal Funds Purchased and Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase | 15 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 47 |  |  | 29 |
Federal Home Loan Bank Advances | 1,270 |  |  | 700 |  |  | 2,340 |  |  | 1,651 |
Junior Subordinated Obligations Issued to Unconsolidated Subsidiary Trusts | 251 |  |  | 197 |  |  | 712 |  |  | 564 |
Total Interest Expense | 3,498 |  |  | 1,949 |  |  | 8,142 |  |  | 5,184 |
NET INTEREST INCOME | 20,997 |  |  | 19,650 |  |  | 62,361 |  |  | 57,338 |
Provision for Loan Losses | 586 |  |  | 800 |  |  | 1,961 |  |  | 1,580 |
NET INTEREST INCOME AFTER PROVISION FOR LOAN LOSSES | 20,411 |  |  | 18,850 |  |  | 60,400 |  |  | 55,758 |
NONINTEREST INCOME |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Income From Fiduciary Activities | 2,262 |  |  | 2,116 |  |  | 7,106 |  |  | 6,284 |
Fees for Other Services to Customers | 2,605 |  |  | 2,453 |  |  | 7,555 |  |  | 6,875 |
Insurance Commissions | 2,024 |  |  | 2,113 |  |  | 6,119 |  |  | 6,426 |
Net Gain on Securities | 114 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 355 |  |  | 10 |
Net Gain on Sales of Loans | 54 |  |  | 182 |  |  | 115 |  |  | 431 |
Other Operating Income | 291 |  |  | 267 |  |  | 900 |  |  | 867 |
Total Noninterest Income | 7,350 |  |  | 7,141 |  |  | 22,150 |  |  | 20,893 |
NONINTEREST EXPENSE |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Salaries and Employee Benefits | 9,771 |  |  | 9,382 |  |  | 28,952 |  |  | 27,740 |
Occupancy Expenses, Net | 2,262 |  |  | 2,371 |  |  | 7,223 |  |  | 7,410 |
FDIC Assessments | 218 |  |  | 225 |  |  | 658 |  |  | 679 |
Other Operating Expense | 3,775 |  |  | 3,570 |  |  | 11,341 |  |  | 10,832 |
Total Noninterest Expense | 16,026 |  |  | 15,548 |  |  | 48,174 |  |  | 46,661 |
INCOME BEFORE PROVISION FOR INCOME TAXES | 11,735 |  |  | 10,443 |  |  | 34,376 |  |  | 29,990 |
Provision for Income Taxes | 2,475 |  |  | 3,027 |  |  | 6,855 |  |  | 8,735 |
NET INCOME | $ | 9,260 |  |  | $ | 7,416 |  |  | $ | 27,521 |  |  | $ | 21,255 |
Average Shares Outstanding 1: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | 14,431 |  |  | 14,305 |  |  | 14,393 |  |  | 14,306 |
Diluted | 14,520 |  |  | 14,385 |  |  | 14,479 |  |  | 14,401 |
Per Common Share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic Earnings | $ | 0.64 |  |  | $ | 0.52 |  |  | $ | 1.91 |  |  | $ | 1.49 |
Diluted Earnings | 0.64 |  |  | 0.52 |  |  | 1.90 |  |  | 1.48 |

1 2017 Share and Per Share Amounts have been restated for the September 27, 2018 3% stock dividend.
See Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements.
# 4

ARROW FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (In Thousands) (Unaudited)
| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Net Income | $ | 9,260 |  |  | $ | 7,416 |  |  | $ | 27,521 |  |  | $ | 21,255 |
Other Comprehensive Income, Net of Tax: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net Unrealized Securities Holding Gains (Losses) Arising During the Period | (897 | ) |  | 9 |  |  | (4,017 | ) |  | 465 |
Reclassification Adjustments for Securities Gains Included in Net Income | — |  |  | (6 | ) |  | — |  |  | (6 | )
Amortization of Net Retirement Plan Actuarial Loss | 60 |  |  | 64 |  |  | 181 |  |  | 245 |
Accretion of Net Retirement Plan Prior Service Credit | 20 |  |  | (2 | ) |  | 60 |  |  | (5 | )
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | (817 | ) |  | 65 |  |  | (3,776 | ) |  | 699 |
Comprehensive Income | $ | 8,443 |  |  | $ | 7,481 |  |  | $ | 23,745 |  |  | $ | 21,954 |

See Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements.
# 5

ARROW FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Amounts)
(Unaudited)

| Common Stock |  | Additional Paid-In Capital |  | Retained Earnings |  | Unallo-cated ESOP Shares |  | Accumu-lated Other Com- prehensive Loss |  | Treasury Stock |  | Total
Balance at December 31, 2017 | $ | 18,481 |  |  | $ | 290,219 |  |  | $ | 28,818 |  |  | $ | (200 | ) |  | $ | (8,514 | ) |  | $ | (79,201 | ) |  | $ | 249,603 |
Net Income | — |  |  | — |  |  | 27,521 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 27,521 |
Other Comprehensive Loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3,776 | ) |  | — |  |  | (3,776 | )
Impact of the Adoption of ASU 2014-09 | — |  |  | — |  |  | (102 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (102 | )
Impact of the Adoption of ASU 2016-01 | — |  |  | — |  |  | 331 |  |  | — |  |  | (331 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
3% Stock Dividend (554,264 Shares) | 554 |  |  | 21,126 |  |  | (21,680 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Cash Dividends Paid, $.728 per Share | — |  |  | — |  |  | (10,630 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (10,630 | )
Stock Options Exercised, Net (91,979 Shares) | — |  |  | 942 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,035 |  |  | 1,977 |
Shares Issued Under the Directors’ Stock Plan (2,705 Shares) | — |  |  | 72 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 31 |  |  | 103 |
Shares Issued Under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan (10,801 Shares) | — |  |  | 247 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 121 |  |  | 368 |
Shares Issued for Dividend Reinvestment Plans (35,947 Shares) | — |  |  | 890 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 412 |  |  | 1,302 |
Stock-Based Compensation Expense | — |  |  | 267 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 267 |
Purchase of Treasury Stock (50,697 Shares) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,823 | ) |  | (1,823 | )
Balance at September 30, 2018 | $ | 19,035 |  |  | $ | 313,763 |  |  | $ | 24,258 |  |  | $ | (200 | ) |  | $ | (12,621 | ) |  | $ | (79,425 | ) |  | $ | 264,810 |
Balance at December 31, 2016 | $ | 17,943 |  |  | $ | 270,880 |  |  | $ | 28,644 |  |  | $ | (400 | ) |  | $ | (6,834 | ) |  | $ | (77,381 | ) |  | $ | 232,852 |
Net Income | — |  |  | — |  |  | 21,255 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 21,255 |
Other Comprehensive Income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 699 |  |  | — |  |  | 699 |
3% Stock Dividend (538,100 Shares) | 538 |  |  | 16,661 |  |  | (17,199 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Cash Dividends Paid, $.707 per Share 1 | — |  |  | — |  |  | (10,119 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (10,119 | )
Stock Options Exercised, Net (34,489 Shares) | — |  |  | 335 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 399 |  |  | 734 |
Shares Issued Under the Directors’ Stock Plan (3,927 Shares) | — |  |  | 84 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 42 |  |  | 126 |
Shares Issued Under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan (10,869 Shares) | — |  |  | 230 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 121 |  |  | 351 |
Shares Issued for Dividend Reinvestment Plans (37,525 Shares) | — |  |  | 843 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 413 |  |  | 1,256 |
Stock-Based Compensation Expense | — |  |  | 261 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 261 |
Purchase of Treasury Stock (83,256 Shares) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2,767 | ) |  | (2,767 | )
Balance at September 30, 2017 | $ | 18,481 |  |  | $ | 289,294 |  |  | $ | 22,581 |  |  | $ | (400 | ) |  | $ | (6,135 | ) |  | $ | (79,173 | ) |  | $ | 244,648 |

1 Cash dividends paid per share have been adjusted for the September 27, 2018 3% stock dividend.
See Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements.
# 6

ARROW FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Dollars in Thousands)
(Unaudited)

| Nine Months Ended September 30,
Cash Flows from Operating Activities: | 2018 |  | 2017
Net Income | $ | 27,521 |  |  | $ | 21,255 |
Adjustments to Reconcile Net Income to Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities: |  |  |
Provision for Loan Losses | 1,961 |  |  | 1,580 |
Depreciation and Amortization | 3,576 |  |  | 4,247 |
Net Gains on the Sale of Securities Available-for-Sale | — |  |  | (10 | )
Net Gain on Equity Securities | (355 | ) |  | — |
Loans Originated and Held-for-Sale | (3,378 | ) |  | (14,890 | )
Proceeds from the Sale of Loans Held-for-Sale | 3,620 |  |  | 14,481 |
Net Gain on the Sale of Loans | (115 | ) |  | (431 | )
Net Loss on the Sale of Premises and Equipment, Other Real Estate Owned and Repossessed Assets | 155 |  |  | 197 |
Contributions to Retirement Benefit Plans | (524 | ) |  | (640 | )
Deferred Income Tax Benefit | (389 | ) |  | (20 | )
Shares Issued Under the Directors’ Stock Plan | 103 |  |  | 126 |
Stock-Based Compensation Expense | 267 |  |  | 261 |
Tax Benefit from Exercise of Stock Options | 205 |  |  | 112 |
Net Increase in Other Assets | (1,030 | ) |  | (1,689 | )
Net Increase in Other Liabilities | 1,980 |  |  | 1,819 |
Net Cash Provided By Operating Activities | 33,597 |  |  | 26,398 |
Cash Flows from Investing Activities: |  |  |
Proceeds from the Sale of Securities Available-for-Sale | — |  |  | 10,015 |
Proceeds from the Maturities and Calls of Securities Available-for-Sale | 36,663 |  |  | 43,617 |
Purchases of Securities Available-for-Sale | (84,746 | ) |  | (22,503 | )
Proceeds from the Maturities and Calls of Securities Held-to-Maturity | 49,721 |  |  | 39,062 |
Purchases of Securities Held-to-Maturity | (4,506 | ) |  | (36,018 | )
Net Increase in Loans | (176,607 | ) |  | (156,643 | )
Proceeds from the Sales of Premises and Equipment, Other Real Estate Owned and Repossessed Assets | 1,078 |  |  | 830 |
Purchase of Premises and Equipment | (2,371 | ) |  | (1,335 | )
Proceeds from the Sale of a Subsidiary, Net | 75 |  |  | 72 |
Net (Increase) Decrease in Other Investments | (917 | ) |  | 4,208 |
Net Cash Used By Investing Activities | (181,610 | ) |  | (118,695 | )
Cash Flows from Financing Activities: |  |  |
Net Increase in Deposits | 162,739 |  |  | 190,570 |
Net Increase (Decrease) in Short-Term Federal Home Loan Bank Borrowings | 26,000 |  |  | (90,000 | )
Net Increase (Decrease) in Short-Term Borrowings | (2,463 | ) |  | 25,583 |
Repayments of Federal Home Loan Bank Term Advances | (10,000 | ) |  | — |
Purchase of Treasury Stock | (1,823 | ) |  | (2,767 | )
Stock Options Exercised, Net | 1,977 |  |  | 734 |
Shares Issued Under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan | 368 |  |  | 351 |
Shares Issued for Dividend Reinvestment Plans | 1,302 |  |  | 1,256 |
Cash Dividends Paid | (10,630 | ) |  | (10,119 | )
Net Cash Provided By Financing Activities | 167,470 |  |  | 115,608 |
Net Increase in Cash and Cash Equivalents | 19,457 |  |  | 23,311 |
Cash and Cash Equivalents at Beginning of Period | 72,838 |  |  | 57,355 |
Cash and Cash Equivalents at End of Period | $ | 92,295 |  |  | $ | 80,666 |
Supplemental Disclosures to Statements of Cash Flow Information: |  |  |
Interest on Deposits and Borrowings | $ | 7,946 |  |  | $ | 5,168 |
Income Taxes | 7,493 |  |  | 8,404 |
Non-cash Investing and Financing Activity: |  |  |
Transfer of Loans to Other Real Estate Owned and Repossessed Assets | 606 |  |  | 1,055 |

See Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements.
# 7

NOTES TO INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
Note 1. ACCOUNTING POLICIES
In the opinion of the management of Arrow Financial Corporation (Arrow, the Company, we, or us), the accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements contain all of the adjustments necessary to present fairly the financial position as of September 30, 2018, December 31, 2017 and September 30, 2017; the results of operations for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2018 and 2017; the consolidated statements of comprehensive income for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2018 and 2017; the changes in stockholders' equity for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2018 and 2017; and the cash flows for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2018 and 2017. All such adjustments are of a normal recurring nature.
Management’s Use of Estimates -The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of income and expenses during the reporting period. Our most significant estimate is the allowance for loan losses. Other estimates include the evaluation of other-than-temporary impairment of investment securities, goodwill impairment, pension and other postretirement liabilities and an analysis of a need for a valuation allowance for deferred tax assets. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
A material estimate that is particularly susceptible to significant change in the near term is the allowance for loan losses. In connection with the determination of the allowance for loan losses, management obtains appraisals for properties. The allowance for loan losses is management’s best estimate of probable loan losses incurred as of the balance sheet date. While management uses available information to recognize losses on loans, future adjustments to the allowance for loan losses may be necessary based on changes in economic conditions.
The unaudited interim consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited annual consolidated financial statements of Arrow for the year ended December 31, 2017, included in Arrow's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.
Recently Adopted and Recently Issued Accounting Standards
The following accounting standards have been adopted in the first nine months of 2018:
ASU 2014-09 "Revenue from Contracts With Customers" (Topic 606) was adopted as of January 1, 2018. For additional information, see Revenue Recognition under Significant Accounting Policy Update in this Note.
ASU 2016-01 "Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities" (Subtopic 825-10) significantly changed the income statement impact of equity investments. For Arrow, the standard became effective for the first quarter of 2018, and requires that equity investments be measured at fair value, with changes in fair value recognized in net income. The cumulative effect of the January 1, 2018 adoption was an increase to retained earnings of $331 thousand with a corresponding decrease to Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss. For periods prior to January 1, 2018, equity securities were classified as available-for-sale and stated at fair value with unrealized gains and losses reported as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax. ASU 2016-01 also emphasized the existing requirement to use exit prices to measure fair value for disclosure purposes and clarifies that entities not make use of a practicability exception in determining the fair value of loans. Accordingly, the Company refined the calculation used to determine the disclosed fair value of its loans as part of adopting this standard. See Note 9 to the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements titled Fair Value of Financial Instruments.
ASU 2016-15 "Statement of Cash Flows - Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments" (Topic 230) will reduce existing diversity in practice with respect to eight specific cash flow issues. Arrow adopted this ASU in the first quarter of 2018.
ASU 2017-01 "Business Combinations" (Topic 805) defines when a set of assets and activities constitutes a business for the purposes of determining whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses. The amendments in this update allow for a business to consist of inputs, processes, and the ability to create output. For Arrow, the standard became effective in the first quarter of 2018. This update had no effect on its accounting for acquisitions and dispositions of businesses.
ASU 2017-07 "Compensation-Retirement Benefits" (Topic 715) improves the presentation of net periodic pension cost and net periodic post-retirement benefit cost by requiring that an employer disaggregate the service cost component from the other components of net benefit cost. For Arrow, the standard became effective in the first quarter of 2018. In accordance with the practical expedient adoption method, for all periods presented Arrow used the amounts disclosed in the retirement plans footnote for the prior period retrospective reclassification of the non-service cost components from salaries and benefits to other operating expenses. The adoption of this change in accounting for pension costs did not have a material impact on its financial position or the results of operations.
ASU 2017-09 "Compensation-Stock Compensation" (Topic 718) provides guidance about which changes to the terms and conditions of a share-based payment award require an entity to apply modification accounting in Topic 718. The guidance highlights the requirements for applying modification accounting and the exception criteria relating to changes in share-based payment terms. For Arrow, the standard became effective in the first quarter of 2018. The adoption of this change in accounting for share-based payment awards did not have a material impact on its financial position or the results of operations in periods subsequent to its adoption.
# 8

The following accounting standards have been issued and will become effective for the Company at a future date:
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, "Leases" (Topic 842) which requires lessees to recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months. For a lease with a term of 12 months or less, a lessee is permitted to make an accounting policy election by class of underlying asset not to recognize a right-of-use asset and lease liability. Additionally, when measuring assets and liabilities arising from a lease, optional payments should be included only if the lessee is reasonably certain to exercise an option to extend the lease, exercise a purchase option or not exercise an option to terminate the lease. In January 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-01, Leases (Topic 842): "Land Easement Practical Expedient for Transition to Topic 842". In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-10 "Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases" which provided clarification on certain components of the original guidance, including that the rate implicit in the lease cannot be less than zero. Also in July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-11 "Targeted Improvements" to Leases (Topic 842) which amends the original guidance to allow for the adoption of this standard to be applied retrospectively at the beginning of the period of adoption, which will be January 1, 2019 for Arrow, through a cumulative-effect adjustment to the balance sheet, including retained earnings, as of January 1, 2019. Practical expedients may be elected that would not require Arrow to reassess whether an existing contract contains a lease, to reassess existing leases between operating leases and finance leases and to not reassess initial direct costs for any existing leases. If elected, these practical expedients must be applied together. An entity may also elect a practical expedient, which must be applied consistently to all of its leases, to use hindsight in determining the lease term when considering lessee options to extend or terminate the lease and in assessing impairment in the right-of-use asset. In addition, a lessor may make an accounting policy election, by class of underlying asset, to not separate nonlease components from lease components and account for these components as a single lease component. Early adoption of this standard is permitted in any interim or annual period. The Company expects to adopt the new lease standard on January 1, 2019 through a cumulative-effect adjustment without revising prior comparative periods, and elect the practical expedients available to effectively account for leases commenced prior to the effective date. The Company expects assets and liabilities to increase between $7 million and $9 million at the January 1, 2019 adoption date, with no material impact to operating lease expense in its Consolidated Statements of Income.
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13 "Financial Instruments - Credit Losses" (Topic 326) which will change the way financial entities measure expected credit losses for financial assets, primarily loans. Under this ASU, the "incurred loss" model will be replaced with an "expected loss" model which will recognize losses over the life of the instrument and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information. Currently, credit losses on available-for-sale securities reduce the carrying value of the instrument and cannot be reversed. Under this ASU, the amount of the credit loss is carried as a valuation allowance and can be reversed. The standard also requires expanded credit quality disclosures. For Arrow, the standard is effective for the first quarter of 2020 and early adoption is allowed in 2019. The Company plans on adopting the standard in the first quarter of 2020, in order to maximize the accumulation of data needed to calculate the new current expected credit loss ("CECL") methodologies. The ASU describes several acceptable methodologies for calculating expected losses on a loan or a pool of loans and requires additional disclosures. The initial adjustment will not be reported in earnings, but as the cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle. The FASB’s Transition Research Group for credit losses still has several outstanding unresolved questions, some of which may have a significant impact on CECL calculations. The Company continues its implementation efforts with the development and testing of various methods within its core model, developing forecast scenarios, monitoring of guidance interpretations and consideration of relevant internal controls and processes. This will likely have the effect of increasing the allowance for loan and lease losses and reducing shareholders' equity, the extent of which will depend upon the nature and characteristics of the Company's loan portfolio and economic conditions and forecasts at the adoption date. The Company expects to remain a well-capitalized financial institution under current regulatory calculations.
In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04 "Intangibles-Goodwill and Other" (Topic 350) which simplifies the procedures for evaluating impairment of goodwill. Prior to the adoption of this standard, entities were required to perform procedures to determine the fair value of the underlying assets and liabilities for determining the fair value of assets and liabilities in a business combination. This additional step to impairment testing has been eliminated. Under this ASU, entities will perform goodwill impairment testing by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit to its carrying value. For Arrow, the standard becomes effective in the first quarter of 2019, however, early adoption is permitted. This amendment will not affect the assessment of goodwill impairment since the Company currently performs the analysis of comparing carrying value to fair value of its reporting units that have goodwill and the Company has not had to perform a Step 2 Impairment Test to date.
In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-08 "Receivables-Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs" which amends the amortization period for certain purchased callable debt securities held at a premium. This shortens the amortization period for the premium to the earliest call date. Under GAAP, entities generally amortize the premium as an adjustment of yield over the contractual life of the instrument. For Arrow, the standard becomes effective in the first quarter of 2019. The Company does not expect that the adoption of this change in accounting for certain callable debt securities will have a material impact on its financial position or the results of operations in periods subsequent to its adoption.
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13 "Disclosure Framework-Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement" which as part of its disclosure framework, the FASB has eliminated, amended and added disclosure requirements for fair value measurements. The following disclosure requirements were eliminated: Amount of and reasons for transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy; the policy of the timing of transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy; the valuation processes for Level 3 fair value measurements. For public companies such as Arrow, the following new disclosures will be required: Changes in unrealized gains and losses for the period included in other comprehensive income (OCI); the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used; alternatively, a company may choose to disclose other quantitative information if it determines that it is a more reasonable and rational method that reflects the distribution of unobservable inputs used. For Arrow, the standard becomes effective in the first quarter of 2020. The Company does not expect that the adoption of this change in fair value disclosure will have a material impact on its financial position or the results of operations in periods subsequent to its adoption.
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-14 "Disclosure Framework-Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans" which applies to all companies that provide defined benefit pension or other postretirement benefit plans for their employees. Certain disclosure requirements have been eliminated such as reporting the amounts in accumulated other comprehensive income expected to
# 9

be recognized as components of net periodic benefit cost over the next year, and reporting the effects of a one-percentage-point change in the assumed healthcare cost trend rate on the aggregate of the service cost and interest cost components of net periodic benefit cost and on the benefit obligation for postretirement healthcare benefits. New required disclosures for reporting the weighted-average interest rate used to credit cash balance and similar plans that have a promised interest credit, the reasons for significant gains and losses affecting benefit obligations and other requirements for reporting aggregate information related to pension plans. For Arrow, the standard becomes effective at December 31, 2020. The Company does not expect that the adoption of this change affecting defined benefit plan disclosures will have a material impact on its financial position or the results of operations.
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15 "Customer's Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract" which will require companies to defer potentially significant, specified implementation costs incurred in a cloud computing arrangement that are often expensed under current US GAAP. For Arrow, the standard becomes effective at January 1, 2020. The Company is in the process of assessing the impact of this new accounting standard on its financial position and the results of operations in periods subsequent to its adoption.
Significant Accounting Policy Update:
Revenue Recognition - Accounting Standard Codification ("ASC") Topic 606, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers," establishes principles for reporting information about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from the entity's contracts to provide goods or services to customers. The core principle of Topic 606 requires an entity to recognize revenue in a way that depicts the transfer of goods or services promised to a customer in an amount that reflects the consideration the entity expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services as performance obligations are satisfied.
The Company adopted Topic 606 as of January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective approach. The Company has determined that revenue from specific types of fiduciary activities and insurance commissions are within the scope of this guidance. Under prior GAAP, revenue from fiduciary activities was recognized from settling client estates over the time period the work was performed. With the adoption of Topic 606, revenue is now recognized when the performance obligation is completed, which is when the settlement of the client estate is closed. The impact of this change in revenue recognition was not material to the Company's consolidated financial statements. Under prior GAAP when clients elected to pay premiums on property and casualty insurance policies in installments, revenue was recognized when the premiums were billed. With the adoption of Topic 606, this type of revenue is recognized when the performance obligation is substantially completed, i.e., when the insurance policy is issued. The impact of this change in revenue recognition was not material to the Company's consolidated financial statements. The cumulative effect of the adoption of Topic 606 related to the previously described fiduciary activities and insurance commissions was a decrease in retained earnings by $102 thousand as of January 1, 2018.
The majority of the Company's revenue-generating transactions are not subject to ASC Topic 606, including revenue generated from financial instruments, such as loans and investment securities which are presented in its consolidated income statements as components of net interest income. The following is a description of principal activities from which the Company generates its revenue from noninterest income sources that are within the scope of ASC Topic 606:
Income from Fiduciary Activities: represents revenue derived mainly through the management of client investments which is based on the market value of the covered assets and the fee schedule contained in the applicable account management agreement. Since the revenue is mainly based on the market value of assets, this amount can be volatile as financial markets increase and decrease based on various economic factors. The terms of the account management agreements generally specify that the performance obligations are completed each quarter. Accordingly, the Company mainly recognizes revenue from fiduciary activities on a quarterly basis.
Fees for Other Services to Customers: represents general service fees for monthly deposit account maintenance and account activity plus fees from other deposit-based services. Revenue is recognized when the performance obligation is completed, which is generally on a monthly basis for account maintenance services, or upon the completion of a deposit-related transaction. Payment for these performance obligations is generally received at the time the performance obligations are satisfied.
Insurance Commissions: represents commissions and fees paid by insurance carriers for both property and casualty insurance policies, and for services performed for employment benefits clients. Revenue from the property and casualty insurance business is recognized when the performance obligation is satisfied, which is generally the effective date of the bound coverage since there are no significant performance obligations remaining. Revenue from the employment benefit brokerage business is recognized when the benefit servicing performance obligations are satisfied, generally on a monthly basis.
# 10

Note 2. INVESTMENT SECURITIES (In Thousands)
Management determines the appropriate classification of securities at the time of purchase. Securities reported as held-to-maturity are those debt securities which Arrow has both the positive intent and ability to hold to maturity and are stated at amortized cost. Securities available-for-sale are reported at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses reported in accumulated other comprehensive income or loss, net of taxes. Beginning January 1, 2018, upon adoption of ASU 2016-01, equity securities with readily determinable fair values are stated at fair value with realized and unrealized gains and losses reported in income. For periods prior to January 1, 2018, equity securities were classified as available-for-sale and stated at fair value with unrealized gains and losses reported as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax.
The following table is the schedule of Available-For-Sale Securities at September 30, 2018, December 31, 2017 and September 30, 2017:

Available-For-Sale Securities
|  | U.S. Government & Agency Obligations |  | State and Municipal Obligations |  | Mortgage- Backed Securities |  | Corporate and Other Debt Securities |  | Mutual Funds and Equity Securities |  | Total Available- For-Sale Securities
September 30, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Available-For-Sale Securities, at Amortized Cost |  | $ | 60,135 |  |  | $ | 2,545 |  |  | $ | 284,236 |  |  | $ | 1,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 347,916 |
Available-For-Sale Securities, at Fair Value |  | 59,602 |  |  | 2,548 |  |  | 277,461 |  |  | 800 |  |  | — |  |  | 340,411 |
Gross Unrealized Gains |  | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | 201 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 204 |
Gross Unrealized Losses |  | 533 |  |  | — |  |  | 6,976 |  |  | 200 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,709 |
Available-For-Sale Securities, Pledged as Collateral |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 219,587 |
Maturities of Debt Securities, at Amortized Cost: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Within One Year |  | $ | 42,621 |  |  | $ | 1,346 |  |  | $ | 1,024 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  | $ | 44,991 |
From 1 - 5 Years |  | 17,514 |  |  | 719 |  |  | 164,808 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 183,041 |
From 5 - 10 Years |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 103,597 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 103,597 |
Over 10 Years |  | — |  |  | 480 |  |  | 14,807 |  |  | 1,000 |  |  |  |  | 16,287 |
Maturities of Debt Securities, at Fair Value: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Within One Year |  | $ | 42,410 |  |  | $ | 1,346 |  |  | $ | 1,025 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  | $ | 44,781 |
From 1 - 5 Years |  | 17,192 |  |  | 722 |  |  | 158,846 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 176,760 |
From 5 - 10 Years |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 102,800 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 102,800 |
Over 10 Years |  | — |  |  | 480 |  |  | 14,790 |  |  | 800 |  |  |  |  | 16,070 |
Securities in a Continuous Loss Position, at Fair Value: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Less than 12 Months |  | $ | 4,831 |  |  | $ | 1,120 |  |  | $ | 167,718 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 173,669 |
12 Months or Longer |  | 54,771 |  |  | — |  |  | 71,433 |  |  | 800 |  |  | — |  |  | 127,004 |
Total |  | $ | 59,602 |  |  | $ | 1,120 |  |  | $ | 239,151 |  |  | $ | 800 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 300,673 |
Number of Securities in a Continuous Loss Position |  | 14 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 90 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 110 |
Unrealized Losses on Securities in a Continuous Loss Position: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Less than 12 Months |  | $ | 193 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,165 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,358 |
12 Months or Longer |  | 340 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,811 |  |  | 200 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,351 |
Total |  | $ | 533 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 6,976 |  |  | $ | 200 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 7,709 |
Disaggregated Details: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
US Treasury Obligations, at Amortized Cost |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
US Treasury Obligations, at Fair Value |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
US Agency Obligations, at Amortized Cost |  | 60,135 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
US Agency Obligations, at Fair Value |  | 59,602 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

# 11

Available-For-Sale Securities
|  | U.S. Government & Agency Obligations |  | State and Municipal Obligations |  | Mortgage- Backed Securities |  | Corporate and Other Debt Securities |  | Mutual Funds and Equity Securities |  | Total Available- For-Sale Securities
US Government Agency Securities, at Amortized Cost |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 74,160 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
US Government Agency Securities, at Fair Value |  |  |  |  |  | 74,098 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Government Sponsored Entity Securities, at Amortized Cost |  |  |  |  |  | 210,076 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Government Sponsored Entity Securities, at Fair Value |  |  |  |  |  | 203,363 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
December 31, 2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Available-For-Sale Securities, at Amortized Cost |  | $ | 60,328 |  |  | $ | 10,351 |  |  | $ | 229,077 |  |  | $ | 1,000 |  |  | $ | 1,120 |  |  | $ | 301,876 |
Available-For-Sale Securities, at Fair Value |  | 59,894 |  |  | 10,349 |  |  | 227,596 |  |  | 800 |  |  | 1,561 |  |  | 300,200 |
Gross Unrealized Gains |  | — |  |  | 9 |  |  | 485 |  |  | — |  |  | 441 |  |  | 935 |
Gross Unrealized Losses |  | 434 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 1,966 |  |  | 200 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,611 |
Available-For-Sale Securities, Pledged as Collateral, at Fair Value |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 183,052 |
Securities in a Continuous Loss Position, at Fair Value: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Less than 12 Months |  | $ | 20,348 |  |  | $ | 8,498 |  |  | $ | 70,930 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 99,776 |
12 Months or Longer |  | 39,546 |  |  | — |  |  | 80,759 |  |  | 800 |  |  | — |  |  | 121,105 |
Total |  | $ | 59,894 |  |  | $ | 8,498 |  |  | $ | 151,689 |  |  | $ | 800 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 220,881 |
Number of Securities in a Continuous Loss Position |  | 14 |  |  | 36 |  |  | 55 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 106 |
Unrealized Losses on Securities in a Continuous Loss Position: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Less than 12 Months |  | $ | 172 |  |  | $ | 11 |  |  | $ | 363 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 546 |
12 Months or Longer |  | 262 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,603 |  |  | 200 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,065 |
Total |  | $ | 434 |  |  | $ | 11 |  |  | $ | 1,966 |  |  | $ | 200 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,611 |
Disaggregated Details: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
US Treasury Obligations, at Amortized Cost |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
US Treasury Obligations, at Fair Value |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
US Agency Obligations, at Amortized Cost |  | 60,328 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
US Agency Obligations, at Fair Value |  | 59,894 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
US Government Agency Securities, at Amortized Cost |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 40,832 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
US Government Agency Securities, at Fair Value |  |  |  |  |  | 40,832 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Government Sponsored Entity Securities, at Amortized Cost |  |  |  |  |  | 188,245 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Government Sponsored Entity Securities, at Fair Value |  |  |  |  |  | 186,764 |  |  |  |  |  |  |

# 12

Available-For-Sale Securities
|  | U.S. Government & Agency Obligations |  | State and Municipal Obligations |  | Mortgage- Backed Securities |  | Corporate and Other Debt Securities |  | Mutual Funds and Equity Securities |  | Total Available- For-Sale Securities
September 30, 2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Available-For-Sale Securities, at Amortized Cost |  | $ | 146,976 |  |  | $ | 11,875 |  |  | $ | 152,858 |  |  | $ | 2,500 |  |  | $ | 1,120 |  |  | $ | 315,329 |
Available-For-Sale Securities, at Fair Value |  | 146,978 |  |  | 11,902 |  |  | 152,806 |  |  | 2,299 |  |  | 1,474 |  |  | 315,459 |
Gross Unrealized Gains |  | 152 |  |  | 27 |  |  | 964 |  |  | — |  |  | 354 |  |  | 1,497 |
Gross Unrealized Losses |  | 150 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,016 |  |  | 201 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,367 |
Available-For-Sale Securities, Pledged as Collateral |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 206,637 |
Securities in a Continuous Loss Position, at Fair Value: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Less than 12 Months |  | $ | 89,563 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 85,091 |  |  | $ | 500 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 175,154 |
12 Months or Longer |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,800 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,800 |
Total |  | $ | 89,563 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 85,091 |  |  | $ | 2,300 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 176,954 |
Number of Securities in a Continuous Loss Position |  | 23 |  |  | — |  |  | 31 |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | 57 |
Unrealized Losses on Securities in a Continuous Loss Position: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Less than 12 Months |  | $ | 150 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,016 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,166 |
12 Months or Longer |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 201 |  |  | — |  |  | 201 |
Total |  | $ | 150 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,016 |  |  | $ | 201 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,367 |
Disaggregated Details: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
US Treasury Obligations, at Amortized Cost |  | $ | 64,711 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
US Treasury Obligations, at Fair Value |  | $ | 64,730 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
US Agency Obligations, at Amortized Cost |  | $ | 82,265 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
US Agency Obligations, at Fair Value |  | 82,248 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
US Government Agency Securities, at Amortized Cost |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 503 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
US Government Agency Securities, at Fair Value |  |  |  |  |  | 505 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Government Sponsored Entity Securities, at Amortized Cost |  |  |  |  |  | 152,355 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Government Sponsored Entity Securities, at Fair Value |  |  |  |  |  | 152,301 |  |  |  |  |  |  |

# 13

The following table is the schedule of Held-To-Maturity Securities at September 30, 2018, December 31, 2017 and September 30, 2017:

Held-To-Maturity Securities
|  | State and Municipal Obligations |  | Mortgage- Backed Securities |  | Corporate and Other Debt Securities |  | Total Held-To Maturity Securities
September 30, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Held-To-Maturity Securities, at Amortized Cost |  | $ | 239,367 |  |  | $ | 50,585 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 289,952 |
Held-To-Maturity Securities, at Fair Value |  | 233,557 |  |  | 49,162 |  |  | — |  |  | 282,719 |
Gross Unrealized Gains |  | 261 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 261 |
Gross Unrealized Losses |  | 6,071 |  |  | 1,423 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,494 |
Held-To-Maturity Securities, Pledged as Collateral |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 268,229 |
Maturities of Debt Securities, at Amortized Cost: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Within One Year |  | $ | 19,381 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 19,381 |
From 1 - 5 Years |  | 93,084 |  |  | 48,039 |  |  | — |  |  | 141,123 |
From 5 - 10 Years |  | 124,277 |  |  | 2,546 |  |  | — |  |  | 126,823 |
Over 10 Years |  | 2,625 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,625 |
Maturities of Debt Securities, at Fair Value: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Within One Year |  | $ | 19,396 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 19,396 |
From 1 - 5 Years |  | 92,199 |  |  | 46,688 |  |  | — |  |  | 138,887 |
From 5 - 10 Years |  | 119,356 |  |  | 2,474 |  |  | — |  |  | 121,830 |
Over 10 Years |  | 2,606 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,606 |
Securities in a Continuous Loss Position, at Fair Value: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Less than 12 Months |  | $ | 95,944 |  |  | $ | 46,375 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 142,319 |
12 Months or Longer |  | 86,378 |  |  | 2,787 |  |  | — |  |  | 89,165 |
Total |  | $ | 182,322 |  |  | $ | 49,162 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 231,484 |
Number of Securities in a Continuous Loss Position |  | 535 |  |  | 47 |  |  | — |  |  | 582 |
Unrealized Losses on Securities in a Continuous Loss Position: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Less than 12 Months |  | $ | 1,443 |  |  | $ | 1,303 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,746 |
12 Months or Longer |  | 4,628 |  |  | 120 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,748 |
Total |  | $ | 6,071 |  |  | $ | 1,423 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 7,494 |
Disaggregated Details: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
US Government Agency Securities, at Amortized Cost |  |  |  | $ | 3,147 |  |  |  |  |
US Government Agency Securities, at Fair Value |  |  |  | 2,222 |  |  |  |  |
Government Sponsored Entity Securities, at Amortized Cost |  |  |  | 47,438 |  |  |  |  |
Government Sponsored Entity Securities, at Fair Value |  |  |  | 46,940 |  |  |  |  |

# 14

Held-To-Maturity Securities
|  | State and Municipal Obligations |  | Mortgage- Backed Securities |  | Corporate and Other Debt Securities |  | Total Held-To Maturity Securities
December 31, 2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Held-To-Maturity Securities, at Amortized Cost |  | $ | 275,530 |  |  | $ | 60,377 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 335,907 |
Held-To-Maturity Securities, at Fair Value |  | 275,353 |  |  | 60,548 |  |  | — |  |  | 335,901 |
Gross Unrealized Gains |  | 1,691 |  |  | 269 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,960 |
Gross Unrealized Losses |  | 1,868 |  |  | 98 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,966 |
Held-To-Maturity Securities, Pledged as Collateral |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 318,622 |
Securities in a Continuous Loss Position, at Fair Value: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Less than 12 Months |  | $ | 55,648 |  |  | $ | 13,764 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 69,412 |
12 Months or Longer |  | 65,152 |  |  | 3,257 |  |  | — |  |  | 68,409 |
Total |  | $ | 120,800 |  |  | $ | 17,021 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 137,821 |
Number of Securities in a Continuous Loss Position |  | 352 |  |  | 14 |  |  | — |  |  | 366 |
Unrealized Losses on Securities in a Continuous Loss Position: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Less than 12 Months |  | $ | 442 |  |  | $ | 56 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 498 |
12 Months or Longer |  | 1,425 |  |  | 43 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,468 |
Total |  | $ | 1,867 |  |  | $ | 99 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,966 |
Disaggregated Details: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
US Government Agency Securities, at Amortized Cost |  |  |  | $ | 2,680 |  |  |  |  |
US Government Agency Securities, at Fair Value |  |  |  | 2,661 |  |  |  |  |
Government Sponsored Entity Securities, at Amortized Cost |  |  |  | 57,697 |  |  |  |  |
Government Sponsored Entity Securities, at Fair Value |  |  |  | 57,887 |  |  |  |  |
September 30, 2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Held-To-Maturity Securities, at Amortized Cost |  | $ | 277,738 |  |  | $ | 63,788 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 341,526 |
Held-To-Maturity Securities, at Fair Value |  | 279,384 |  |  | 64,515 |  |  | — |  |  | 343,899 |
Gross Unrealized Gains |  | 2,977 |  |  | 738 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,715 |
Gross Unrealized Losses |  | 1,331 |  |  | 11 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,342 |
Held-To-Maturity Securities, Pledged as Collateral |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 325,096 |
Securities in a Continuous Loss Position, at Fair Value: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Less than 12 Months |  | $ | 78,238 |  |  | $ | 3,544 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 81,782 |
12 Months or Longer |  | 13,331 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 13,331 |
Total |  | $ | 91,569 |  |  | $ | 3,544 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 95,113 |
Number of Securities in a Continuous Loss Position |  | 252 |  |  | 7 |  |  | — |  |  | 259 |
Unrealized Losses on Securities in a Continuous Loss Position: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Less than 12 Months |  | $ | 1,034 |  |  | $ | 11 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,045 |
12 Months or Longer |  | 297 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 297 |
Total |  | $ | 1,331 |  |  | $ | 11 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,342 |

# 15

Held-To-Maturity Securities
|  | State and Municipal Obligations |  | Mortgage- Backed Securities |  | Corporate and Other Debt Securities |  | Total Held-To Maturity Securities
September 30, 2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Disaggregated Details: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
US Government Agency Securities, at Amortized Cost |  |  |  | $ | 2,792 |  |  |  |  |
US Government Agency Securities, at Fair Value |  |  |  | 2,799 |  |  |  |  |
Government Sponsored Entity Securities, at Amortized Cost |  |  |  | 60,996 |  |  |  |  |
Government Sponsored Entity Securities, at Fair Value |  |  |  | 61,716 |  |  |  |  |

In the tables above, maturities of mortgage-backed securities are included based on their expected average lives. Actual maturities will differ from the table above because issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with, or without, prepayment penalties.
Securities in a continuous loss position, in the tables above for September 30, 2018, December 31, 2017 and September 30, 2017, do not reflect any deterioration of the credit worthiness of the issuing entities.
The state and municipal obligations are general obligations supported by the general taxing authority of the issuer, and in some cases are insured. Obligations issued by school districts are supported by state aid. An in-house credit analysis is performed for municipal securities based upon data that has been submitted by the issuers to the New York State Comptroller. That analysis reflects satisfactory credit worthiness of the municipalities. Subsequent to September 30, 2018, and through the date of the filing of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, Arrow held no securities with significant credit deterioration.
The unrealized losses on temporarily impaired securities are primarily the result of changes in interest rates for fixed rate securities where the interest rate received is less than the current rate available for new offerings of similar securities, changes in market spreads as a result of shifts in supply and demand, and/or changes in the level of prepayments for mortgage related securities. Because Arrow does not currently intend to sell any temporarily impaired securities, and because it is not more likely-than-not that the Company would be required to sell the securities prior to recovery, the impairment is considered temporary.
The following table is the schedule of Equity Securities at September 30, 2018. Upon the adoption of ASU 2016-01 effective January 1, 2018, Equity Securities are not included in Securities Available-For-Sale since unrealized gains and losses are now recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Income. Prior to January 1, 2018, Equity Securities were included in Securities Available-For-Sale.

Equity Securities
September 30, 2018 |  |
Equity Securities, at Fair Value |  | $ | 1,916 |

The following is a summary of realized and unrealized gains and losses recognized in net income on equity securities during the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2018:

| Three months ended September 30, 2018 | Nine months ended September 30, 2018
Net Gain on Equity Securities | $ | 114 |  | $ | 355 |
Less: Net gain (loss) recognized during the reporting period on equity securities sold during the period | — |  | — |
Unrealized net gain recognized during the reporting period on equity securities still held at the reporting date | $ | 114 |  | $ | 355 |

# 16

Note 3. LOANS (In Thousands)
Loan Categories and Past Due Loans
The following table presents loan balances outstanding as of September 30, 2018, December 31, 2017 and September 30, 2017 and an analysis of the recorded investment in loans that are past due at these dates. Generally, Arrow considers an amortizing loan past due 30 or more days when the borrower is two payments past due. Loans held-for-sale of $201, $327 and $1,323 as of September 30, 2018, December 31, 2017 and September 30, 2017, respectively, are included in the residential real estate balances for current loans.

|  |  | Commercial |  |  |  |  |  |
| Commercial |  | Real Estate |  | Consumer |  | Residential |  | Total
September 30, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans Past Due 30-59 Days | $ | 198 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5,651 |  |  | $ | 2,896 |  |  | $ | 8,745 |
Loans Past Due 60-89 Days | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,307 |  |  | 47 |  |  | 1,354 |
Loans Past Due 90 or more Days | 76 |  |  | 807 |  |  | 494 |  |  | 1,523 |  |  | 2,900 |
Total Loans Past Due | 274 |  |  | 807 |  |  | 7,452 |  |  | 4,466 |  |  | 12,999 |
Current Loans | 126,838 |  |  | 469,315 |  |  | 686,736 |  |  | 830,212 |  |  | 2,113,101 |
Total Loans | $ | 127,112 |  |  | $ | 470,122 |  |  | $ | 694,188 |  |  | $ | 834,678 |  |  | $ | 2,126,100 |
Loans 90 or More Days Past Due and Still Accruing Interest | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 192 |  |  | $ | 980 |  |  | $ | 1,172 |
Nonaccrual Loans | 674 |  |  | 807 |  |  | 540 |  |  | 2,447 |  |  | 4,468 |
December 31, 2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans Past Due 30-59 Days | $ | 139 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5,891 |  |  | $ | 2,094 |  |  | $ | 8,124 |
Loans Past Due 60-89 Days | 19 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,215 |  |  | 509 |  |  | 1,743 |
Loans Past Due 90 or more Days | 99 |  |  | 807 |  |  | 513 |  |  | 1,422 |  |  | 2,841 |
Total Loans Past Due | 257 |  |  | 807 |  |  | 7,619 |  |  | 4,025 |  |  | 12,708 |
Current Loans | 128,992 |  |  | 443,441 |  |  | 595,208 |  |  | 770,421 |  |  | 1,938,062 |
Total Loans | $ | 129,249 |  |  | $ | 444,248 |  |  | $ | 602,827 |  |  | $ | 774,446 |  |  | $ | 1,950,770 |
Loans 90 or More Days Past Due and Still Accruing Interest | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 313 |  |  | $ | 319 |
Nonaccrual Loans | $ | 588 |  |  | $ | 1,530 |  |  | $ | 653 |  |  | $ | 2,755 |  |  | 5,526 |
September 30, 2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans Past Due 30-59 Days | $ | 122 |  |  | $ | 442 |  |  | $ | 4,781 |  |  | $ | 1,675 |  |  | $ | 7,020 |
Loans Past Due 60-89 Days | — |  |  | — |  |  | 914 |  |  | 77 |  |  | 991 |
Loans Past Due 90 or more Days | 102 |  |  | 807 |  |  | 291 |  |  | 1,742 |  |  | 2,942 |
Total Loans Past Due | 224 |  |  | 1,249 |  |  | 5,986 |  |  | 3,494 |  |  | 10,953 |
Current Loans | 125,136 |  |  | 439,467 |  |  | 586,043 |  |  | 747,200 |  |  | 1,897,846 |
Total Loans | $ | 125,360 |  |  | $ | 440,716 |  |  | $ | 592,029 |  |  | $ | 750,694 |  |  | $ | 1,908,799 |
Loans 90 or More Days Past Due and Still Accruing Interest | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 41 |  |  | $ | 926 |  |  | $ | 967 |
Nonaccrual Loans | $ | 609 |  |  | $ | 1,249 |  |  | $ | 507 |  |  | $ | 3,117 |  |  | 5,482 |

The Company disaggregates its loan portfolio into the following four categories:
Commercial - The Company offers a variety of loan options to meet the specific needs of commercial customers including term loans, time notes and lines of credit. Such loans are made available to businesses for working capital needs such as inventory and receivables, business expansion and equipment purchases. Generally, a collateral lien is placed on equipment or other assets owned by the borrower. These loans carry a higher risk than commercial real estate loans due to the nature of the underlying collateral, which can be business assets such as equipment and accounts receivable and generally have a lower liquidation value than real estate. In the event of default by the borrower, the Company may be required to liquidate collateral at deeply discounted values. To reduce the risk, management usually obtains personal guarantees of the borrowers.
# 17

Commercial Real Estate - The Company offers commercial real estate loans to finance real estate purchases, refinancings, expansions and improvements to commercial properties. Commercial real estate loans are made to finance the purchases of real property which generally consists of real estate with completed structures. These commercial real estate loans are secured by first liens on the real estate, which may include apartments, commercial structures, housing businesses, healthcare facilities, and both owner- and non-owner-occupied facilities. These loans are typically less risky than commercial loans, since they are secured by real estate and buildings, and are generally originated in amounts of no more than 80% of the appraised value of the property. However, the Company also offers commercial construction and land development loans to finance projects, primarily within the communities that we serve. Many projects will ultimately be used by the borrowers' businesses, while others are developed for resale. These real estate loans are also secured by first liens on the real estate, which may include apartments, commercial structures, housing business, healthcare facilities and both owner-occupied and non-owner-occupied facilities. There is enhanced risk during the construction period, since the loan is secured by an incomplete project.
Consumer Loans - The Company offers a variety of consumer installment loans to finance personal expenditures. Most of these loans carry a fixed rate of interest with principal repayment terms typically ranging from one to five years, based upon the nature of the collateral and the size of the loan. In addition to installment loans, the Company also offers personal lines of credit and overdraft protection. Several loans are unsecured, which carry a higher risk of loss. Also included in this category are automobile loans. The Company primarily finances the purchases of automobiles indirectly through dealer relationships located throughout upstate New York and Vermont. Most of these loans carry a fixed rate of interest with principal repayment terms typically ranging from three to seven years. Indirect consumer loans are underwritten on a secured basis using the underlying collateral being financed.
Residential - Residential real estate loans consist primarily of loans secured by first or second mortgages on primary residences. The Company originates adjustable-rate and fixed-rate one-to-four-family residential real estate loans for the construction, purchase or refinancing of an existing mortgage. These loans are collateralized primarily by owner-occupied properties generally located in the Company’s market area. Loans on one-to-four-family residential real estate are generally originated in amounts of no more than 80% of the purchase price or appraised value (whichever is lower), or have private mortgage insurance. The Company’s underwriting analysis for residential mortgage loans typically includes credit verification, independent appraisals, and a review of the borrower’s financial condition. Mortgage title insurance and hazard insurance are normally required. It is the Company's general practice to underwrite residential real estate loans to secondary market standards. Construction loans have a unique risk, because they are secured by an incomplete dwelling. This risk is reduced through periodic site inspections, including one at each loan draw period. In addition, the Company offers fixed home equity loans as well as home equity lines of credit to consumers to finance home improvements, debt consolidation, education and other uses. The Company's policy allows for a maximum loan to value ratio of 80%, although periodically higher advances are allowed. The Company originates home equity lines of credit and second mortgage loans (loans secured by a second junior lien position on one-to-four-family residential real estate). Risk is generally reduced through underwriting criteria, which include credit verification, appraisals, a review of the borrower's financial condition, and personal cash flows. A security interest, with title insurance when necessary, is taken in the underlying real estate.
Allowance for Loan Losses
The following table presents a roll-forward of the allowance for loan losses and other information pertaining to the allowance for loan losses:

Allowance for Loan Losses
|  |  | Commercial |  |  |  |  |  |
| Commercial |  | Real Estate |  | Consumer |  | Residential |  | Total
Roll-forward of the Allowance for Loan Losses for the Quarterly Periods: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
June 30, 2018 | $ | 944 |  |  | $ | 5,838 |  |  | $ | 8,337 |  |  | $ | 4,521 |  |  | $ | 19,640 |
Charge-offs | — |  |  | — |  |  | (300 | ) |  | (25 | ) |  | (325 | )
Recoveries | — |  |  | — |  |  | 102 |  |  | — |  |  | 102 |
Provision | 99 |  |  | 81 |  |  | 551 |  |  | (145 | ) |  | 586 |
September 30, 2018 | $ | 1,043 |  |  | $ | 5,919 |  |  | $ | 8,690 |  |  | $ | 4,351 |  |  | $ | 20,003 |
June 30, 2017 | $ | 925 |  |  | $ | 4,983 |  |  | $ | 7,305 |  |  | $ | 4,229 |  |  | $ | 17,442 |
Charge-offs | — |  |  | (342 | ) |  | (280 | ) |  | — |  |  | (622 | )
Recoveries | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 74 |  |  | — |  |  | 75 |
Provision | (46 | ) |  | 446 |  |  | 509 |  |  | (109 | ) |  | 800 |
September 30, 2017 | $ | 880 |  |  | $ | 5,087 |  |  | $ | 7,608 |  |  | $ | 4,120 |  |  | $ | 17,695 |

# 18

Allowance for Loan Losses
|  |  | Commercial |  |  |  |  |  |
| Commercial |  | Real Estate |  | Consumer |  | Residential |  | Total
Roll-forward of the Allowance for Loan Losses for the Year-to-Date Periods: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
December 31, 2017 | $ | 1,873 |  |  | $ | 4,504 |  |  | $ | 7,604 |  |  | $ | 4,605 |  |  | $ | 18,586 |
Charge-offs | (16 | ) |  | — |  |  | (895 | ) |  | (49 | ) |  | (960 | )
Recoveries | 1 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 403 |  |  | — |  |  | 416 |
Provision | (815 | ) |  | 1,403 |  |  | 1,578 |  |  | (205 | ) |  | 1,961 |
September 30, 2018 | $ | 1,043 |  |  | $ | 5,919 |  |  | $ | 8,690 |  |  | $ | 4,351 |  |  | $ | 20,003 |
December 31, 2016 | $ | 1,017 |  |  | $ | 5,677 |  |  | $ | 6,120 |  |  | $ | 4,198 |  |  | $ | 17,012 |
Charge-offs | (2 | ) |  | (342 | ) |  | (847 | ) |  | (6 | ) |  | (1,197 | )
Recoveries | 8 |  |  | — |  |  | 292 |  |  | — |  |  | 300 |
Provision | (143 | ) |  | (248 | ) |  | 2,043 |  |  | (72 | ) |  | 1,580 |
September 30, 2017 | $ | 880 |  |  | $ | 5,087 |  |  | $ | 7,608 |  |  | $ | 4,120 |  |  | $ | 17,695 |
September 30, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Allowance for loan losses - Loans Individually Evaluated for Impairment | $ | 84 |  |  | $ | 45 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 48 |  |  | $ | 177 |
Allowance for loan losses - Loans Collectively Evaluated for Impairment | 959 |  |  | 5,874 |  |  | 8,690 |  |  | 4,303 |  |  | 19,826 |
Ending Loan Balance - Individually Evaluated for Impairment | 489 |  |  | 812 |  |  | 109 |  |  | 2,013 |  |  | 3,423 |
Ending Loan Balance - Collectively Evaluated for Impairment | $ | 126,623 |  |  | $ | 469,310 |  |  | $ | 694,079 |  |  | $ | 832,665 |  |  | $ | 2,122,677 |
December 31, 2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Allowance for loan losses - Loans Individually Evaluated for Impairment | $ | 94 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 10 |  |  | $ | 106 |
Allowance for loan losses - Loans Collectively Evaluated for Impairment | 1,779 |  |  | 4,502 |  |  | 7,604 |  |  | 4,595 |  |  | 18,480 |
Ending Loan Balance - Individually Evaluated for Impairment | 489 |  |  | 1,537 |  |  | 95 |  |  | 1,562 |  |  | 3,683 |
Ending Loan Balance - Collectively Evaluated for Impairment | $ | 128,760 |  |  | $ | 442,711 |  |  | $ | 602,732 |  |  | $ | 772,884 |  |  | $ | 1,947,087 |
September 30, 2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Allowance for loan losses - Loans Individually Evaluated for Impairment | $ | 104 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 34 |  |  | $ | 138 |
Allowance for loan losses - Loans Collectively Evaluated for Impairment | 776 |  |  | 5,087 |  |  | 7,608 |  |  | 4,086 |  |  | 17,557 |
Ending Loan Balance - Individually Evaluated for Impairment | 489 |  |  | 1,543 |  |  | 104 |  |  | 1,139 |  |  | 3,275 |
Ending Loan Balance - Collectively Evaluated for Impairment | $ | 124,871 |  |  | $ | 439,172 |  |  | $ | 591,925 |  |  | $ | 749,556 |  |  | $ | 1,905,524 |

# 19

Through the provision for loan losses, an allowance for loan losses is maintained that reflects the best estimate of the incurred risk of loss in the Company’s loan portfolio as of the balance sheet date. Additions are made to the allowance for loan losses through a periodic provision for loan losses. Actual loan losses are charged against the allowance for loan losses when loans are deemed uncollectible and recoveries of amounts previously charged off are recorded as credits to the allowance for loan losses.
Loan officers and risk managers meet at least quarterly to discuss and review the conditions and risks associated with certain criticized and classified commercial-related relationships. In addition, the Company's independent internal loan review department performs periodic reviews of the credit quality indicators on individual loans in the commercial loan portfolio.
The Company uses a two-step process to determine the provision for loan losses and the amount of the allowance for loan losses. The Company performs an evaluation of impaired loans on a quarterly basis. Impaired loans are generally nonaccrual loans over $250 thousand and all troubled debt restructured loans. These impaired loans are generally considered to be collateral dependent with the charge-off, if any, determined based on the value of the collateral less estimated costs to sell.
The remainder of the portfolio is evaluated on a pooled basis, as described below. For each homogeneous loan pool, the Company estimates a total loss factor based on the historical net loss rates adjusted for applicable qualitative factors. The total loss factors assigned to each loan category are updated on a quarterly basis. For the commercial and commercial real estate categories, the loan categories are further segregated by credit risk profile (pools of loans graded pass, special mention and accruing substandard). Additional description of the credit risk classifications is detailed in the Credit Quality Indicators section of this note.
The annualized historical net loss rate is determined for each loan category using a trailing three-year net charge-off average. While historical net loss experience provides a reasonable starting point for analysis, historical net losses, or even recent trends in net losses, do not by themselves form a sufficient basis to determine the appropriate level of the allowance for loan losses. Therefore, the Company also considers and adjusts historical net loss factors for qualitative factors that impact the incurred risk of loss associated with the loan categories within the total loan portfolio. These include:

• | Changes in the volume and severity of past due, nonaccrual and adversely classified loans

• | Changes in the nature and volume of the portfolio and in the terms of loans

• | Changes in the value of the underlying collateral for collateral dependent loans

• | Changes in lending policies and procedures, including changes in underwriting standards and collection, charge-off, and recovery practices not considered elsewhere in estimating credit losses

• | Changes in the quality of the loan review system

• | Changes in the experience, ability, and depth of lending management and other relevant staff

• | Changes in international, national, regional, and local economic and business conditions and developments that affect the collectibility of the portfolio

• | The existence and effect of any concentrations of credit, and changes in the level of such concentrations

• | The effect of other external factors such as competition and legal and regulatory requirements on the level of estimated credit losses in the existing portfolio or pool

# 20

Credit Quality Indicators
The following table presents the credit quality indicators by loan category at September 30, 2018, December 31, 2017 and September 30, 2017:

Loan Credit Quality Indicators
|  |  | Commercial |  |  |  |  |  |
| Commercial |  | Real Estate |  | Consumer |  | Residential |  | Total
September 30, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Credit Risk Profile by Creditworthiness Category: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Satisfactory | $ | 119,217 |  |  | $ | 440,114 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 559,331 |
Special Mention | 5,949 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,949 |
Substandard | 1,946 |  |  | 29,201 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 31,147 |
Doubtful | — |  |  | 807 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 807 |
Credit Risk Profile Based on Payment Activity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Performing | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 693,648 |  |  | $ | 832,231 |  |  | $ | 1,525,879 |
Nonperforming | — |  |  | — |  |  | 540 |  |  | 2,447 |  |  | 2,987 |
December 31, 2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Credit Risk Profile by Creditworthiness Category: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Satisfactory | $ | 124,961 |  |  | $ | 417,362 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 542,323 |
Special Mention | 1,341 |  |  | 177 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,518 |
Substandard | 2,947 |  |  | 25,902 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 28,849 |
Doubtful | — |  |  | 807 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 807 |
Credit Risk Profile Based on Payment Activity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Performing | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 602,168 |  |  | $ | 771,584 |  |  | $ | 1,373,752 |
Nonperforming | — |  |  | — |  |  | 659 |  |  | 3,068 |  |  | 3,727 |
September 30, 2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Credit Risk Profile by Creditworthiness Category: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Satisfactory | $ | 120,622 |  |  | $ | 411,685 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 532,307 |
Special Mention | 1,394 |  |  | 1,401 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,795 |
Substandard | 3,344 |  |  | 26,822 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 30,166 |
Doubtful | — |  |  | 807 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 807 |
Credit Risk Profile Based on Payment Activity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Performing | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 591,499 |  |  | $ | 746,652 |  |  | $ | 1,338,151 |
Nonperforming | — |  |  | — |  |  | 530 |  |  | 4,043 |  |  | 4,573 |

For the purposes of the table above, nonperforming consumer and residential loans are those loans on nonaccrual status or are 90 days or more past due and still accruing interest.
For the allowance calculation, we use an internally developed system of five credit quality indicators to rate the credit worthiness of each commercial loan defined as follows:
1) Satisfactory - "Satisfactory" borrowers have acceptable financial condition with satisfactory record of earnings and sufficient historical and projected cash flow to service the debt. Borrowers have satisfactory repayment histories and primary and secondary sources of repayment can be clearly identified;
2) Special Mention - Loans in this category have potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the asset or in the institution’s credit position at some future date. "Special mention" assets are not adversely classified and do not expose an institution to sufficient risk to warrant adverse classification. Loans which might be assigned this credit quality indicator include loans to borrowers with deteriorating financial strength and/or earnings record and loans with potential for problems due to weakening economic or market conditions;
3) Substandard - Loans classified as “substandard” are inadequately protected by the current sound net worth or paying capacity of the borrower or the collateral pledged, if any. Loans in this category have well defined weaknesses that jeopardize the repayment.
# 21

They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the bank will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. “Substandard” loans may include loans which are likely to require liquidation of collateral to effect repayment, and other loans where character or ability to repay has become suspect. Loss potential, while existing in the aggregate amount of substandard assets, does not have to exist in individual assets classified substandard;
4) Doubtful - Loans classified as “doubtful” have all of the weaknesses inherent in those classified as “substandard” with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of current existing facts, conditions, and values highly questionable and improbable. Although possibility of loss is extremely high, classification of these loans as “loss” has been deferred due to specific pending factors or events which may strengthen the value (i.e. possibility of additional collateral, injection of capital, collateral liquidation, debt restructure, economic recovery, etc). Loans classified as “doubtful” need to be placed on non-accrual; and
5) Loss - Loans classified as “loss” are considered uncollectible with collateral of such little value that their continuance as bankable assets is not warranted. As of the date of the balance sheet, all loans in this category have been charged-off to the allowance for loan losses.
Commercial loans are generally evaluated on an annual basis depending on the size and complexity of the loan relationship, unless the credit related quality indicator falls to a level of "special mention" or below, when the loan is evaluated quarterly. The credit quality indicator is one of the factors used in assessing the level of incurred risk of loss in our commercial related loan portfolios.
# 22

Impaired Loans
The following table presents information on impaired loans based on whether the impaired loan has a recorded related allowance or has no recorded related allowance:

Impaired Loans
|  |  | Commercial |  |  |  |  |  |
| Commercial |  | Real Estate |  | Consumer |  | Residential |  | Total
September 30, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Recorded Investment: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
With No Related Allowance | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 108 |  |  | $ | 1,712 |  |  | $ | 1,825 |
With a Related Allowance | 475 |  |  | 801 |  |  | — |  |  | 346 |  |  | 1,622 |
Unpaid Principal Balance: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
With No Related Allowance | — |  |  | 5 |  |  | 109 |  |  | 1,733 |  |  | 1,847 |
With a Related Allowance | 489 |  |  | 807 |  |  | — |  |  | 280 |  |  | 1,576 |
December 31, 2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Recorded Investment: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
With No Related Allowance | $ | — |  |  | $ | 781 |  |  | $ | 94 |  |  | $ | 1,269 |  |  | $ | 2,144 |
With a Related Allowance | 485 |  |  | 725 |  |  | — |  |  | 333 |  |  | 1,543 |
Unpaid Principal Balance: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
With No Related Allowance | — |  |  | 816 |  |  | 95 |  |  | 1,274 |  |  | 2,185 |
With a Related Allowance | 489 |  |  | 721 |  |  | — |  |  | 288 |  |  | 1,498 |
September 30, 2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Recorded Investment: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
With No Related Allowance | $ | — |  |  | $ | 818 |  |  | $ | 104 |  |  | $ | 851 |  |  | $ | 1,773 |
With a Related Allowance | 489 |  |  | 725 |  |  | — |  |  | 288 |  |  | 1,502 |
Unpaid Principal Balance: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
With No Related Allowance | — |  |  | 818 |  |  | 90 |  |  | 850 |  |  | $ | 1,758 |
With a Related Allowance | 489 |  |  | 723 |  |  | — |  |  | 288 |  |  | 1,500 |
For the Quarter Ended: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
September 30, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Average Recorded Balance: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
With No Related Allowance | $ | — |  |  | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | 104 |  |  | $ | 1,371 |  |  | $ | 1,482 |
With a Related Allowance | 478 |  |  | 794 |  |  | — |  |  | 350 |  |  | 1,622 |
Interest Income Recognized: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
With No Related Allowance | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
With a Related Allowance | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Cash Basis Income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
With No Related Allowance | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
With a Related Allowance | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
September 30, 2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Average Recorded Balance: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
With No Related Allowance | $ | — |  |  | $ | 998 |  |  | $ | 96 |  |  | $ | 827 |  |  | $ | 1,921 |
With a Related Allowance | 496 |  |  | 363 |  |  | — |  |  | 288 |  |  | 1,147 |
Interest Income Recognized: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
With No Related Allowance | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |
With a Related Allowance | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Cash Basis Income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
With No Related Allowance | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
With a Related Allowance | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |

# 23

Impaired Loans
|  |  | Commercial |  |  |  |  |  |
| Commercial |  | Real Estate |  | Consumer |  | Residential |  | Total
For the Year-To-Date Period Ended: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
September 30, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Average Recorded Balance: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
With No Related Allowance | $ | — |  |  | $ | 393 |  |  | $ | 101 |  |  | $ | 1,491 |  |  | $ | 1,985 |
With a Related Allowance | 480 |  |  | 763 |  |  | — |  |  | 340 |  |  | 1,583 |
Interest Income Recognized: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
With No Related Allowance | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
With a Related Allowance | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 20 |  |  | 20 |
Cash Basis Income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
With No Related Allowance | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
With a Related Allowance | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
September 30, 2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Average Recorded Balance: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
With No Related Allowance | $ | — |  |  | $ | 854 |  |  | $ | 98 |  |  | $ | 975 |  |  | $ | 1,927 |
With a Related Allowance | 245 |  |  | 363 |  |  | — |  |  | 144 |  |  | 752 |
Interest Income Recognized: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
With No Related Allowance | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |
With a Related Allowance | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |  |  | 4 |
Cash Basis Income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
With No Related Allowance | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
With a Related Allowance | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |

At September 30, 2018, December 31, 2017 and September 30, 2017, all impaired loans were considered to be collateral dependent and were therefore evaluated for impairment based on the fair value of collateral less estimated cost to sell. Interest income recognized in the table above, represents income earned after the loans became impaired and includes restructured loans in compliance with their modified terms and nonaccrual loans where we have recognized interest income on a cash basis.
# 24

Loans Modified in Trouble Debt Restructurings
The following table presents information on loans modified in trouble debt restructurings during the periods indicated.

Loans Modified in Trouble Debt Restructurings During the Period
|  |  | Commercial |  |  |  |  |  |
| Commercial |  | Real Estate |  | Consumer |  | Residential |  | Total
For the Quarter Ended: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
September 30, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Number of Loans | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |
Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 16 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 16 |
Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment | — |  |  | — |  |  | 16 |  |  | — |  |  | 16 |
Subsequent Default, Number of Contracts | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Subsequent Default, Recorded Investment | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
September 30, 2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Number of Loans | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |
Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment | $ | 725 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 25 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 750 |
Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment | 725 |  |  | — |  |  | 25 |  |  | — |  |  | 750 |
Subsequent Default, Number of Contracts | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Subsequent Default, Recorded Investment | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
For the Year-To-Date Period Ended: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
September 30, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Number of Loans | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |
Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 44 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 44 |
Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment | — |  |  | — |  |  | 44 |  |  | — |  |  | 44 |
Subsequent Default, Number of Contracts | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Subsequent Default, Recorded Investment | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
September 30, 2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Number of Loans | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | 6 |  |  | — |  |  | 8 |
Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment | $ | 1,228 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 51 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,279 |
Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment | 1,228 |  |  | — |  |  | 51 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,279 |
Subsequent Default, Number of Contracts | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Subsequent Default, Recorded Investment | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |

In general, loans requiring modification are restructured to accommodate the projected cash-flows of the borrower. Such modifications may involve a reduction of the interest rate, a significant deferral of payments or forgiveness of a portion of the outstanding principal balance. As indicated in the table above, no loans modified during the preceding twelve months subsequently defaulted as of September 30, 2018.
# 25

Note 4. GUARANTEES (In Thousands)
The following table presents the notional amount and fair value of Arrow's off-balance sheet commitments to extend credit and commitments under standby letters of credit as of September 30, 2018, December 31, 2017 and September 30, 2017:

Commitments to Extend Credit and Letters of Credit
| September 30, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017 |  | September 30, 2017
Notional Amount: |  |  |  |  |
Commitments to Extend Credit | $ | 335,587 |  |  | $ | 315,256 |  |  | $ | 316,449 |
Standby Letters of Credit | 4,016 |  |  | 3,526 |  |  | 3,672 |
Fair Value: |  |  |  |  |
Commitments to Extend Credit | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Standby Letters of Credit | 4 |  |  | 23 |  |  | 18 |

Arrow is party to financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit. Commitments to extend credit include home equity lines of credit, commitments for residential and commercial construction loans and other personal and commercial lines of credit. These instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit and interest rate risk in excess of the amount recognized in the consolidated balance sheets. The contract or notional amounts of those instruments reflect the extent of the involvement Arrow has in particular classes of financial instruments.
Arrow's exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to the financial instrument for commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit is represented by the contractual notional amount of those instruments. Arrow uses the same credit policies in making commitments and conditional obligations as it does for on-balance sheet instruments.
Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. Since many of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. Arrow evaluates each customer's creditworthiness on a case-by-case basis. Home equity lines of credit are secured by residential real estate. Construction commitments are secured by underlying real estate. For other lines of credit, the amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary by Arrow upon extension of credit, is based on management's credit evaluation of the counterparty. Collateral held varies, but may include accounts receivable, inventory, property, plant and equipment, and income-producing commercial properties. Most of the commitments are variable rate instruments.
Arrow does not issue any guarantees that would require liability-recognition or disclosure, other than its standby letters of credit.
Arrow has issued conditional commitments in the form of standby letters of credit to guarantee payment on behalf of a customer and guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. Standby letters of credit generally arise in connection with lending relationships. The credit risk involved in issuing these instruments is essentially the same as that involved in extending loans to customers. Contingent obligations under standby letters of credit at September 30, 2018, December 31, 2017 and September 30, 2017 represent the maximum potential future payments Arrow could be required to make. Typically, these instruments have terms of 12 months or less and expire unused; therefore, the total amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. Each customer is evaluated individually for creditworthiness under the same underwriting standards used for commitments to extend credit and on-balance sheet instruments. Company policies governing loan collateral apply to standby letters of credit at the time of credit extension. Loan-to-value ratios generally range from 50% for movable assets, such as inventory, to 100% for liquid assets, such as bank CD's. Fees for standby letters of credit typically range from 1% to 3% of the notional amount. Fees are collected upfront and are amortized over the life of the commitment. The carrying amount and fair values of Arrow's standby letters of credit at September 30, 2018, December 31, 2017 and September 30, 2017, were insignificant. The fair value of standby letters of credit is based on the fees currently charged for similar agreements or the cost to terminate the arrangement with the counterparties.
The fair value of commitments to extend credit is determined by estimating the fees to enter into similar agreements, taking into account the remaining terms and present creditworthiness of the counterparties, and for fixed rate loan commitments, the difference between the current and committed interest rates. Arrow provides several types of commercial lines of credit and standby letters of credit to its commercial customers. The pricing of these services is not isolated, as Arrow considers the customer's complete deposit and borrowing relationship in pricing individual products and services. The commitments to extend credit also include commitments under home equity lines of credit, for which Arrow charges no fee. The carrying value and fair value of commitments to extend credit are not material and Arrow does not expect to incur any material loss as a result of these commitments.
In the normal course of business, Arrow and its subsidiary banks become involved in a variety of routine legal proceedings. At present, there are no legal proceedings pending or threatened, which in the opinion of management and counsel, would result in a material loss to Arrow.
# 26

Note 5. COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (In Thousands)
The following table presents the components of other comprehensive income for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2018 and 2017:

Schedule of Comprehensive Income
| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
|  |  | Tax |  |  |  |  |  | Tax |  |
| Before-Tax |  | (Expense) |  | Net-of-Tax |  | Before-Tax |  | (Expense) |  | Net-of-Tax
| Amount |  | Benefit |  | Amount |  | Amount |  | Benefit |  | Amount
2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net Unrealized Securities Holding Losses on Securities Available-for-Sale Arising During the Period | (1,203 | ) |  | $ | 306 |  |  | (897 | ) |  | (5,388 | ) |  | $ | 1,371 |  |  | (4,017 | )
Amortization of Net Retirement Plan Actuarial Loss | 81 |  |  | (21 | ) |  | 60 |  |  | 244 |  |  | (63 | ) |  | 181 |
Accretion of Net Retirement Plan Prior Service Credit | 27 |  |  | (7 | ) |  | 20 |  |  | 81 |  |  | (21 | ) |  | 60 |
Other Comprehensive Loss | $ | (1,095 | ) |  | $ | 278 |  |  | $ | (817 | ) |  | $ | (5,063 | ) |  | $ | 1,287 |  |  | $ | (3,776 | )
2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net Unrealized Securities Holding Gains on Securities Available-for-Sale Arising During the Period | 6 |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 749 |  |  | $ | (284 | ) |  | 465 |
Reclassification Adjustment for Securities Gains Included in Net Income | (10 | ) |  | 4 |  |  | (6 | ) |  | (10 | ) |  | 4 |  |  | (6 | )
Amortization of Net Retirement Plan Actuarial Loss | 179 |  |  | (115 | ) |  | 64 |  |  | 537 |  |  | (292 | ) |  | 245 |
Accretion of Net Retirement Plan Prior Service Credit | (3 | ) |  | 1 |  |  | (2 | ) |  | (8 | ) |  | 3 |  |  | (5 | )
Other Comprehensive Income | $ | 172 |  |  | $ | (107 | ) |  | $ | 65 |  |  | $ | 1,268 |  |  | $ | (569 | ) |  | $ | 699 |

# 27

The following table presents the changes in accumulated other comprehensive income by component:

Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) by Component (1)
| Unrealized |  | Defined Benefit Plan Items |  |
| Gains and |  |  |  |  |  |
| Losses on |  |  |  | Net Prior |  |
| Available-for- |  | Net Gain |  | Service |  |
| Sale Securities |  | (Loss) |  | (Cost ) Credit |  | Total
For the Quarter-To-Date periods ended: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
June 30, 2018 | $ | (4,701 | ) |  | $ | (6,259 | ) |  | $ | (844 | ) |  | $ | (11,804 | )
Other comprehensive income or loss before reclassifications | (897 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (897 | )
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income |  |  | 60 |  |  | 20 |  |  | 80 |
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss) | (897 | ) |  | 60 |  |  | 20 |  |  | (817 | )
September 30, 2018 | $ | (5,598 | ) |  | $ | (6,199 | ) |  | $ | (824 | ) |  | $ | (12,621 | )
June 30, 2017 | $ | 74 |  |  | $ | (5,556 | ) |  | $ | (718 | ) |  | $ | (6,200 | )
Other comprehensive income or loss before reclassifications | 9 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 9 |
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income | (6 | ) |  | 64 |  |  | (2 | ) |  | 56 |
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss) | 3 |  |  | 64 |  |  | (2 | ) |  | 65 |
September 30, 2017 | $ | 77 |  |  | $ | (5,492 | ) |  | $ | (720 | ) |  | $ | (6,135 | )
For the Year-To-Date periods ended: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
December 31, 2017 | $ | (1,250 | ) |  | $ | (6,380 | ) |  | $ | (884 | ) |  | $ | (8,514 | )
Other comprehensive income or loss before reclassifications | (4,017 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (4,017 | )
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income | — |  |  | 181 |  |  | 60 |  |  | 241 |
Net current-period other comprehensive income | (4,017 | ) |  | 181 |  |  | 60 |  |  | (3,776 | )
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income | $ | (331 | ) |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (331 | )
September 30, 2018 | $ | (5,598 | ) |  | $ | (6,199 | ) |  | $ | (824 | ) |  | $ | (12,621 | )
December 31, 2016 | $ | (382 | ) |  | $ | (5,737 | ) |  | $ | (715 | ) |  | $ | (6,834 | )
Other comprehensive income or loss before reclassifications | 465 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 465 |
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income | (6 | ) |  | 245 |  |  | (5 | ) |  | 234 |
Net current-period other comprehensive income | 459 |  |  | 245 |  |  | (5 | ) |  | 699 |
September 30, 2017 | $ | 77 |  |  | $ | (5,492 | ) |  | $ | (720 | ) |  | $ | (6,135 | )

(1) All amounts are net of tax.
# 28

The following table presents the reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income:

Reclassifications Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
|  | Amounts Reclassified |  |
Details about Accumulated Other |  | from Accumulated Other |  | Affected Line Item in the Statement
Comprehensive Income (Loss) Components |  | Comprehensive Income |  | Where Net Income Is Presented
For the Quarter-to-date periods ended: |  |  |  |
September 30, 2018 |  |  |  |
Unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities |  | $ | — |  |  | Gain on Securities Transactions
|  | — |  |  | Total before Tax
|  | — |  |  | Provision for Income Taxes
|  | $ | — |  |  | Net of Tax
Amortization of defined benefit pension items: |  |  |  |
Prior-service costs |  | $ | (27 | ) | (1) | Salaries and Employee Benefits
Actuarial gains/(losses) |  | (81 | ) | (1) | Salaries and Employee Benefits
|  | (108 | ) |  | Total before Tax
|  | 28 |  |  | Provision for Income Taxes
|  | $ | (80 | ) |  | Net of Tax
Total reclassifications for the period |  | $ | (80 | ) |  | Net of Tax
September 30, 2017 |  |  |  |
Unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities |  | $ | 10 |  |  | Gain on Securities Transactions
|  | 10 |  |  | Total before Tax
|  | (4 | ) |  | Provision for Income Taxes
|  | $ | 6 |  |  | Net of Tax
Amortization of defined benefit pension items: |  |  |  |
Prior-service costs |  | $ | 3 |  | (1) | Salaries and Employee Benefits
Actuarial gains/(losses) |  | (179 | ) | (1) | Salaries and Employee Benefits
|  | (176 | ) |  | Total before Tax
|  | 114 |  |  | Provision for Income Taxes
|  | $ | (62 | ) |  | Net of Tax
Total reclassifications for the period |  | $ | (56 | ) |  | Net of Tax
For the Year-to-date periods ended: |  |  |  |
September 30, 2018 |  |  |  |
Unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities |  | $ | — |  |  | Gain on Securities Transactions
|  | — |  |  | Total before Tax
|  | — |  |  | Provision for Income Taxes
|  | $ | — |  |  | Net of Tax
Amortization of defined benefit pension items: |  |  |  |
Prior-service costs |  | $ | (81 | ) | (1) | Salaries and Employee Benefits
Actuarial gains/(losses) |  | (244 | ) | (1) | Salaries and Employee Benefits
|  | (325 | ) |  | Total before Tax
|  | 84 |  |  | Provision for Income Taxes
|  | $ | (241 | ) |  | Net of Tax
Total reclassifications for the period |  | $ | (241 | ) |  | Net of Tax

# 29

Reclassifications Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
|  | Amounts Reclassified |  |
Details about Accumulated Other |  | from Accumulated Other |  | Affected Line Item in the Statement
Comprehensive Income (Loss) Components |  | Comprehensive Income |  | Where Net Income Is Presented
September 30, 2017 |  |  |  |
Unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities |  | $ | 10 |  |  | Gain on Securities Transactions
|  | 10 |  |  | Total before Tax
|  | (4 | ) |  | Provision for Income Taxes
|  | $ | 6 |  |  | Net of Tax
Amortization of defined benefit pension items: |  |  |  |
Prior-service costs |  | 8 |  | (1) | Salaries and Employee Benefits
Actuarial gains/(losses) |  | $ | (537 | ) | (1) | Salaries and Employee Benefits
|  | (529 | ) |  | Total before Tax
|  | 289 |  |  | Provision for Income Taxes
|  | $ | (240 | ) |  | Net of Tax
Total reclassifications for the period |  | $ | (234 | ) |  | Net of Tax

(1) These accumulated other comprehensive income components are included in the computation of net periodic pension cost.
# 30

Note 6. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION (Dollars In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Amounts)
Arrow has established three stock-based compensation plans: an Incentive and Non-qualified Stock Option Plan (Long Term Incentive Plan), an Employee Stock Purchase Plan (ESPP) and an Employee Stock Ownership Plan (ESOP). All share and per share data have been adjusted for the September 27, 2018 3% stock dividend.
Long Term Incentive Plan
The Long Term Incentive Plan provides for the grant of incentive stock options, non-qualified stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units, performance units and performance shares. The Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors administers the Long Term Incentive Plan.
Stock Options - Options may be granted at a price no less than the greater of the par value or fair market value of such shares on the date on which such option is granted, and generally expire ten years from the date of grant. The options usually vest over a four-year period.
The following table presents the roll forward of stock options issued pursuant to the Long Term Incentive Plan by Shares and Weighted Average Exercise Prices.

Roll-Forward of Shares Outstanding: |
Outstanding at January 1, 2018 | 356,540 |
Granted | 56,843 |
Exercised | (94,742 | )
Forfeited | (14,953 | )
Outstanding at September 30, 2018 | 303,688 |
Exercisable at Period-End | 185,547 |
Vested and Expected to Vest | 118,141 |
Roll-Forward of Shares Outstanding - Weighted Average Exercise Price: |
Outstanding at January 1, 2018 | $ | 23.42 |
Granted | 29.95 |
Exercised | 20.85 |
Forfeited | 26.61 |
Outstanding at September 30, 2018 | 25.24 |
Exercisable at Period-End | 22.47 |
Vested and Expected to Vest | 29.59 |
Schedule of Other Long Term Incentive Plan Information |
Grants Issued During 2018 - Weighted Average Information: |
Fair Value | $ | 5.59 |
Fair Value Assumptions: |
Dividend Yield | 2.98 | %
Expected Volatility | 21.55 | %
Risk Free Interest Rate | 2.68 | %
Expected Lives (in years) | 6.98 |

Restricted Stock Units - The Company grants restricted stock units which gives the recipient the right to receive shares of Company stock upon vesting. The fair value of each restricted stock unit is the market value of Company stock on the date of grant. 100% of the restricted stock unit awards vest three years from the grant date. Once vested, the restricted stock units become vested units. Unvested restricted stock unit awards will generally be forfeited if the recipient ceases to be employed by the Company, with limited exceptions.
# 31

The following table presents the roll forward of restricted stock units by units and weighted average grant-date fair value.

Roll-Forward of Restricted Stock Units |
Non-vested at January 1, 2018 | — |
Granted | 3,377 |
Vested | — |
Canceled | — |
Non-vested at September 30, 2018 | 3,377 |
Roll-Forward of Non-vested Restricted Stock Units - Weighted Average Fair Value: |
Non-vested at January 1, 2018 | $ | — |
Granted | 32.57 |
Vested | — |
Canceled | — |
Non-vested at September 30, 2018 | 32.57 |

The following table presents information on the amounts expensed for the periods ended September 30, 2018 and 2017:

Share-Based Compensation Expense
|  | For the Three Months Ended September 30, |  | For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
|  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Share-Based Compensation Expense |  | $ | 89 |  |  | $ | 90 |  |  | $ | 267 |  |  | $ | 262 |

Employee Stock Purchase Plan
Arrow sponsors an ESPP under which employees purchase Arrow's common stock at a 5% discount below market price. Under current accounting guidance, a stock purchase plan with a discount of 5% or less is not considered a compensatory plan.
Employee Stock Ownership Plan
Arrow maintains an ESOP. Substantially all employees of Arrow and its subsidiaries are eligible to participate upon satisfaction of applicable service requirements. The ESOP borrowed funds from one of Arrow’s subsidiary banks to purchase outstanding shares of Arrow’s common stock. The notes require annual payments of principal and interest through 2018. As the debt is repaid, shares are released from collateral based on the proportion of debt paid to total debt outstanding for the year and allocated to active employees. In addition, the Company makes additional cash contributions to the Plan each year.
Shares pledged as collateral are reported as unallocated ESOP shares in stockholders' equity. As shares are released from collateral, Arrow reports compensation expense equal to the current average market price of the shares, and the shares become outstanding for earnings per share computations.
# 32

Note 7. RETIREMENT PLANS (Dollars in Thousands)
Arrow sponsors qualified and nonqualified defined benefit pension plans and other postretirement benefit plans for its employees. Arrow maintains a non-contributory pension plan, which covers substantially all employees. Effective December 1, 2002, all active participants in the qualified defined benefit pension plan were given a one-time irrevocable election to continue participating in the traditional plan design, for which benefits were based on years of service and the participant’s final compensation (as defined), or to begin participating in the new cash balance plan design. All employees who participate in the plan after December 1, 2002 automatically participate in the cash balance plan design. The interest credits under the cash balance plan are based on the 30-year U.S. Treasury rate in effect for November of the prior year. The service credits under the cash balance plan are equal to 6.0% of eligible salaries for employees who become participants on or after January 1, 2003. For employees in the plan prior to January 1, 2003, the service credits are scaled based on the age of the participant, and range from 6.0% to 12.0%. The funding policy is to contribute up to the maximum amount that can be deducted for federal income tax purposes and to make all payments required under ERISA. Arrow also maintains a supplemental non-qualified unfunded retirement plan to provide eligible employees of Arrow and its subsidiaries with benefits in excess of qualified plan limits imposed by federal tax law.
Arrow has multiple non-pension postretirement benefit plans. The health care, dental and life insurance plans are contributory, with participants’ contributions adjusted annually. Arrow’s policy is to fund the cost of postretirement benefits based on the current cost of the underlying policies. However, the health care plan provision for automatic increases of Company contributions each year is based on the increase in inflation and is limited to a maximum of 5%.
As of December 31, 2017, Arrow utilized the mortality assumption from the RP-2014 Mortality Table for annuitants and non-annuitants but updated the projected generational mortality improvements by using Scale MP-2017. Revision of this assumption effective December 31, 2016 resulted in a decrease in the Company's pension and postretirement liabilities.
The following tables provide the components of net periodic benefit costs for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2018 and 2017.

|  |  |  | Select |  |
|  | Employees' |  | Executive |  | Postretirement
|  | Pension |  | Retirement |  | Benefit
|  | Plan |  | Plan |  | Plans
Net Periodic Benefit Cost |  |  |  |  |  |
For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2018: |  |  |  |  |  |
Service Cost 1 |  | $ | 389 |  |  | $ | 104 |  |  | $ | 34 |
Interest Cost 2 |  | 400 |  |  | 48 |  |  | 81 |
Expected Return on Plan Assets 2 |  | (841 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
Amortization of Prior Service (Credit) Cost 2 |  | (12 | ) |  | 14 |  |  | 25 |
Amortization of Net Loss 2 |  | 48 |  |  | 33 |  |  | — |
Net Periodic (Benefit) Cost |  | $ | (16 | ) |  | $ | 199 |  |  | $ | 140 |
Plan Contributions During the Period |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 116 |  |  | $ | 56 |
For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2017: |  |  |  |  |  |
Service Cost 1 |  | $ | 350 |  |  | $ | 10 |  |  | $ | 37 |
Interest Cost 2 |  | 362 |  |  | 55 |  |  | 75 |
Expected Return on Plan Assets 2 |  | (800 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
Amortization of Prior Service (Credit) Cost 2 |  | (14 | ) |  | 14 |  |  | (3 | )
Amortization of Net Loss 2 |  | 148 |  |  | 31 |  |  | — |
Net Periodic (Benefit) Cost |  | $ | 46 |  |  | $ | 110 |  |  | $ | 109 |
Plan Contributions During the Period |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 116 |  |  | $ | 65 |
Net Periodic Benefit Cost |  |  |  |  |  |
For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018: |  |  |  |  |  |
Service Cost 1 |  | $ | 1,168 |  |  | $ | 311 |  |  | $ | 102 |
Interest Cost 2 |  | 1,199 |  |  | 152 |  |  | 248 |
Expected Return on Plan Assets 2 |  | (2,522 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
Amortization of Prior Service (Credit) Cost 2 |  | (37 | ) |  | 43 |  |  | 75 |
Amortization of Net Loss 2 |  | 145 |  |  | 99 |  |  | — |
Net Periodic (Benefit) Cost |  | $ | (47 | ) |  | $ | 605 |  |  | $ | 425 |
Plan Contributions During the Period |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 349 |  |  | $ | 175 |
Estimated Future Contributions in the Current Fiscal Year |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |

# 33

For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017: |  |  |  |  |  |
Service Cost 1 |  | $ | 1,050 |  |  | $ | 30 |  |  | $ | 110 |
Interest Cost 2 |  | 1,085 |  |  | 164 |  |  | 224 |
Expected Return on Plan Assets 2 |  | (2,399 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
Amortization of Prior Service (Credit) Cost 2 |  | (43 | ) |  | 43 |  |  | (8 | )
Amortization of Net Loss 2 |  | 443 |  |  | 94 |  |  | — |
Net Periodic (Benefit) Cost |  | $ | 136 |  |  | $ | 331 |  |  | $ | 326 |
Plan Contributions During the Period |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 345 |  |  | $ | 295 |

Footnotes:
1. Included in Salaries and Employee Benefits on the Consolidated Statements of Income
2. Included in Other Operating Expense on the Consolidated Statements of Income
We are not required to make a contribution to the qualified pension plan in 2018, and currently, we do not expect to make additional contributions in 2018. Arrow makes contributions to its other post-retirement benefit plans in an amount equal to benefit payments for the year.
Note 8. EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE (In Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)
The following table presents a reconciliation of the numerator and denominator used in the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per common share (“EPS”) for periods ended September 30, 2018 and 2017. All share and per share amounts have been adjusted for the September 27, 2018 3% stock dividend.

Earnings Per Share
| Quarterly Period Ended: |  | Year-to-Date Period Ended:
| September 30, 2018 |  | September 30, 2017 |  | September 30, 2018 |  | September 30, 2017
Earnings Per Share - Basic: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net Income | $ | 9,260 |  |  | $ | 7,416 |  |  | $ | 27,521 |  |  | $ | 21,255 |
Weighted Average Shares - Basic | 14,431 |  |  | 14,305 |  |  | 14,393 |  |  | 14,306 |
Earnings Per Share - Basic | $ | 0.64 |  |  | $ | 0.52 |  |  | $ | 1.91 |  |  | $ | 1.49 |
Earnings Per Share - Diluted: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net Income | $ | 9,260 |  |  | $ | 7,416 |  |  | $ | 27,521 |  |  | $ | 21,255 |
Weighted Average Shares - Basic | 14,431 |  |  | 14,305 |  |  | 14,393 |  |  | 14,306 |
Dilutive Average Shares Attributable to Stock Options | 89 |  |  | 80 |  |  | 86 |  |  | 95 |
Weighted Average Shares - Diluted | 14,520 |  |  | 14,385 |  |  | 14,479 |  |  | 14,401 |
Earnings Per Share - Diluted | $ | 0.64 |  |  | $ | 0.52 |  |  | $ | 1.90 |  |  | $ | 1.48 |

# 34

Note 9. FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (In Thousands)
FASB ASC Subtopic 820-10 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in GAAP and requires certain disclosures about fair value measurements. We do not have any nonfinancial assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis. The only assets or liabilities that Arrow measured at fair value on a recurring basis at September 30, 2018 were securities available-for-sale and equity securities and for December 31, 2017 and September 30, 2017 securities available-for-sale. Arrow held no securities or liabilities for trading on such dates.
The table below presents the financial instrument's fair value and the amounts within the fair value hierarchy based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement:

Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities Measured on a Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis
|  |  | Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using: |  |
| Fair Value |  | Quoted Prices In Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |  | Life-to-Date Gains (Losses)
Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities Measured on a Recurring Basis: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
September 30, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Securities Available-for Sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Government & Agency Obligations | $ | 59,602 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 59,602 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |
State and Municipal Obligations | 2,548 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,548 |  |  | — |  |  |
Mortgage-Backed Securities | 277,461 |  |  | — |  |  | 277,461 |  |  | — |  |  |
Corporate and Other Debt Securities | 800 |  |  | — |  |  | 800 |  |  | — |  |  |
Total Securities Available-for-Sale | 340,411 |  |  | — |  |  | 340,411 |  |  | — |  |  |
Equity Securities | 1,916 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,916 |  |  | — |  |  |
Total Securities Measured on a Recurring Basis | $ | 342,327 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 342,327 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |
December 31, 2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Securities Available-for Sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Government & Agency Obligations | $ | 59,894 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 59,894 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |
State and Municipal Obligations | 10,349 |  |  | — |  |  | 10,349 |  |  | — |  |  |
Mortgage-Backed Securities | 227,596 |  |  | — |  |  | 227,596 |  |  | — |  |  |
Corporate and Other Debt Securities | 800 |  |  | — |  |  | 800 |  |  | — |  |  |
Equity Securities | 1,561 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,561 |  |  | — |  |  |
Total Securities Available-for Sale | $ | 300,200 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 300,200 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |
September 30, 2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Securities Available-for Sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Government & Agency Obligations | $ | 146,978 |  |  | $ | 64,730 |  |  | $ | 82,248 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |
State and Municipal Obligations | 11,902 |  |  | — |  |  | 11,902 |  |  | — |  |  |
Mortgage-Backed Securities | 152,806 |  |  | — |  |  | 152,806 |  |  | — |  |  |
Corporate and Other Debt Securities | 2,299 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,299 |  |  | — |  |  |
Equity Securities | 1,474 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,474 |  |  | — |  |  |
Total Securities Available-for Sale | $ | 315,459 |  |  | $ | 64,730 |  |  | $ | 250,729 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |
Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities Measured on a Nonrecurring Basis: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
September 30, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Collateral Dependent Impaired Loans | $ | 857 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 857 |  |  | $ | (58 | )
Other Real Estate Owned and Repossessed Assets, Net | 1,220 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,220 |  |  | (559 | )
December 31, 2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Collateral Dependent Impaired Loans | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Other Real Estate Owned and Repossessed Assets, Net | $ | 1,847 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,847 |  |  | $ | (569 | )
September 30, 2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Collateral Dependent Impaired Loans | $ | 1,502 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,502 |  |  | $ | (138 | )
Other Real Estate Owned and Repossessed Assets, Net | 1,713 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,713 |  |  | (655 | )

# 35

We determine the fair value of financial instruments under the following hierarchy:

• | Level 1 - Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities;

• | Level 2 - Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, or inputs that are observable, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability;

• | Level 3 - Prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable (i.e., supported by little or no market activity).

The Company determined that the previously reported U.S. Government & Agency Obligations of $59,894 were incorrectly classified as Level 1 securities, instead of the correct classification as Level 2 securities. The Company corrected the fair value leveling disclosure the year ended December 31, 2017 to reflect the correction of this classification. This error had no impact on the fair value of U.S. Government & Agency Obligations or the total securities available-for-sale.
There were no transfers between Levels 1, 2 and 3 for the three months ended September 30, 2018, December 31, 2017 and September 30, 2017.
Fair Value Methodology for Assets and Liabilities Measured on a Recurring Basis
The fair value of Level 1 securities available-for-sale are based on unadjusted, quoted market prices from exchanges in active markets. The fair value of Level 2 securities available-for-sale are based on an independent bond and equity pricing service for identical assets or significantly similar securities and an independent equity pricing service for equity securities not actively traded. The pricing services use a variety of techniques to arrive at fair value including market maker bids, quotes and pricing models. Inputs to the pricing models include recent trades, benchmark interest rates, spreads and actual and projected cash flows.
Fair Value Methodology for Assets and Liabilities Measured on a Nonrecurring Basis
The fair value of collateral dependent impaired loans and other real estate owned was based on third-party appraisals less estimated cost to sell. The appraisals may be adjusted by management for qualitative factors such as economic conditions and estimated liquidation expenses. Other assets which might have been included in this table include mortgage servicing rights, goodwill and other intangible assets. Arrow evaluates each of these assets for impairment on an annual basis, with no impairment recognized for these assets at September 30, 2018, December 31, 2017 and September 30, 2017.
Fair Value Methodology for Financial Instruments Not Measured on a Recurring or Nonrecurring Basis
The fair value for securities held-to-maturity is determined utilizing an independent bond pricing service for identical assets or significantly similar securities. The pricing service uses a variety of techniques to arrive at fair value including market maker bids, quotes and pricing models. Inputs to the pricing models include recent trades, benchmark interest rates, spreads and actual and projected cash flows.
ASU 2016-01 "Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities" requires that, effective for the first quarter of 2018, the fair value for loans must be disclosed using the "exit price" notion which is a reasonable estimate of what another party might pay in an orderly transaction. Fair values for loans are calculated for portfolios of loans with similar financial characteristics. Loans are segregated by type such as commercial, commercial real estate, residential mortgage, indirect auto and other consumer loans. Each loan category is further segmented into fixed and adjustable interest rate terms and by performing and nonperforming categories. The fair value of performing loans is calculated by determining the estimated future cash flow, which is the contractual cash flow adjusted for estimated prepayments. The discount rate is determined by starting with current market yields, and first adjusting for a liquidity premium. This premium is separately determined for residential real estate loans vs. other loans. Then a credit loss component is determined utilizing the credit loss assumptions used in the allowance for loan and lease loss model. Finally, a discount spread is applied separately for consumer loans vs. commercial loans based on market information and utilization of the Swap Curve. Fair value for nonperforming loans is generally based on recent external appraisals. If appraisals are not available, estimated cash flows are discounted using a rate commensurate with the risk associated with the estimated cash flows. Assumptions regarding credit risk, cash flows and discount rates are judgmentally determined using available market information and specific borrower information.
The fair value of time deposits is based on the discounted value of contractual cash flows, except that the fair value is limited to the extent that the customer could redeem the certificate after imposition of a premature withdrawal penalty. The discount rates are estimated using the Federal Home Loan Bank of New York ("FHLBNY") yield curve, which is considered representative of Arrow’s time deposit rates. The fair value of all other deposits is equal to the carrying value.
The fair value of FHLBNY advances is estimated based on the discounted value of contractual cash flows. The discount rate is estimated using current rates on FHLBNY advances with similar maturities and call features.
The book value of the outstanding trust preferred securities (Junior Subordinated Obligations Issued to Unconsolidated Subsidiary Trusts) are considered to approximate fair value since the interest rates are variable (indexed to LIBOR) and Arrow is well-capitalized.
# 36

Fair Value by Balance Sheet Grouping
The following table presents a summary of the carrying amount, the fair value or an amount approximating fair value and the fair value hierarchy of Arrow’s financial instruments:

Schedule of Fair Values by Balance Sheet Grouping
|  |  |  |  | Fair Value Hierarchy
| Book Value |  | Fair Value |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
September 30, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and Cash Equivalents | $ | 92,295 |  |  | $ | 92,295 |  |  | $ | 92,295 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Securities Available-for-Sale | 340,411 |  |  | 340,411 |  |  | — |  |  | 340,411 |  |  | — |
Securities Held-to-Maturity | 289,952 |  |  | 282,719 |  |  | — |  |  | 282,719 |  |  | — |
Equity Securities | 1,916 |  |  | 1,916 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,916 |  |  | — |
Federal Home Loan Bank and Federal Reserve Bank Stock | 10,866 |  |  | 10,866 |  |  | — |  |  | 10,866 |  |  | — |
Net Loans | 2,106,097 |  |  | 2,030,278 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,030,278 |
Accrued Interest Receivable | 8,028 |  |  | 8,028 |  |  | — |  |  | 8,028 |  |  | — |
Deposits | 2,407,855 |  |  | 2,398,987 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,398,987 |  |  | — |
Federal Funds Purchased and Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase | 62,503 |  |  | 62,503 |  |  | — |  |  | 62,503 |  |  | — |
Federal Home Loan Bank Overnight Advances | 131,000 |  |  | 131,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 131,000 |  |  | — |
Federal Home Loan Bank Term Advances | 45,000 |  |  | 44,488 |  |  | — |  |  | 44,488 |  |  | — |
Junior Subordinated Obligations Issued to Unconsolidated Subsidiary Trusts | 20,000 |  |  | 20,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 20,000 |  |  | — |
Accrued Interest Payable | 485 |  |  | 485 |  |  | — |  |  | 485 |  |  | — |
December 31, 2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and Cash Equivalents | $ | 72,838 |  |  | $ | 72,838 |  |  | $ | 72,838 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Securities Available-for-Sale | 300,200 |  |  | 300,200 |  |  | — |  |  | 300,200 |  |  | — |
Securities Held-to-Maturity | 335,907 |  |  | 335,901 |  |  | — |  |  | 335,901 |  |  | — |
Federal Home Loan Bank and Federal Reserve Bank Stock | 9,949 |  |  | 9,949 |  |  | — |  |  | 9,949 |  |  | — |
Net Loans | 1,932,184 |  |  | 1,901,046 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,901,046 |
Accrued Interest Receivable | 6,753 |  |  | 6,753 |  |  | — |  |  | 6,753 |  |  | — |
Deposits | 2,245,116 |  |  | 2,236,548 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,236,548 |  |  | — |
Federal Funds Purchased and Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase | 64,966 |  |  | 64,966 |  |  | — |  |  | 64,966 |  |  | — |
Federal Home Loan Bank Overnight Advances | 105,000 |  |  | 105,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 105,000 |  |  | — |
Federal Home Loan Bank Term Advances | 55,000 |  |  | 54,781 |  |  | — |  |  | 54,781 |  |  | — |
Junior Subordinated Obligations Issued to Unconsolidated Subsidiary Trusts | 20,000 |  |  | 20,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 20,000 |  |  | — |
Accrued Interest Payable | 410 |  |  | 410 |  |  | — |  |  | 410 |  |  | — |
September 30, 2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and Cash Equivalents | $ | 80,666 |  |  | $ | 80,666 |  |  | $ | 80,666 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Securities Available-for-Sale | 315,459 |  |  | 315,459 |  |  | 64,730 |  |  | 250,729 |  |  | — |
Securities Held-to-Maturity | 341,526 |  |  | 343,899 |  |  | — |  |  | 343,899 |  |  | — |
Federal Home Loan Bank and Federal Reserve Bank Stock | 6,704 |  |  | 6,704 |  |  | — |  |  | 6,704 |  |  | — |
Net Loans | 1,891,104 |  |  | 1,870,379 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,870,379 |
Accrued Interest Receivable | 6,563 |  |  | 7,692 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,692 |  |  | — |
Deposits | 2,307,116 |  |  | 2,299,011 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,299,011 |  |  | — |
Federal Funds Purchased and Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase | 61,419 |  |  | 61,419 |  |  | — |  |  | 61,419 |  |  | — |
Federal Home Loan Bank Overnight Advances | 33,000 |  |  | 33,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 33,000 |  |  | — |
Federal Home Loan Bank Term Advances | 55,000 |  |  | 55,110 |  |  | — |  |  | 55,110 |  |  | — |
Junior Subordinated Obligations Issued to Unconsolidated Subsidiary Trusts | 20,000 |  |  | 20,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 20,000 |  |  | — |
Accrued Interest Payable | 260 |  |  | 260 |  |  | — |  |  | 260 |  |  | — |

# 37

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Stockholders and Board of Directors
Arrow Financial Corporation:
Results of Review of Interim Financial Information
We have reviewed the consolidated balance sheet of Arrow Financial Corporation and subsidiaries (the Company) as of September 30, 2018 and 2017, the related consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income for the three-month and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, and the related consolidated statements of changes in stockholders’ equity and cash flows for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, and the related notes (collectively, the consolidated interim financial information). Based on our reviews, we are not aware of any material modifications that should be made to the consolidated interim financial information for it to be in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
We have previously audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheet of the Company as of December 31, 2017, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for the year then ended (not presented herein); and in our report dated March 12, 2018, we expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements. In our opinion, the information set forth in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2017, is fairly stated, in all material respects, in relation to the consolidated balance sheet from which it has been derived.
Basis for Review Results
This consolidated interim financial information is the responsibility of the Company’s management. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our reviews in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. A review of consolidated interim financial information consists principally of applying analytical procedures and making inquiries of persons responsible for financial and accounting matters. It is substantially less in scope than an audit conducted in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB, the objective of which is the expression of an opinion regarding the financial statements taken as a whole. Accordingly, we do not express such an opinion.
/s/ KPMG LLP
Albany, New York
November 8, 2018
# 38

Item 2.
ARROW FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
September 30, 2018
Note on Terminology - In this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the terms "Arrow," "the registrant," "the company," "we," "us," and "our" generally refer to Arrow Financial Corporation and its subsidiaries as a group, except where the context indicates otherwise. At certain points in this Form 10-Q, our performance is compared with that of our "peer group" of financial institutions. Unless otherwise specifically stated, the peer group for the purposes of this Form 10-Q is comprised of the group of 329 domestic bank holding companies with $1 to $3 billion in total consolidated assets as identified in the Federal Reserve Board’s "Bank Holding Company Performance Report" for June 30, 2018 (the most recent such Report currently available), and peer group data contained herein has been derived from such Report.
The Company and Its Subsidiaries - Arrow is a two-bank holding company headquartered in Glens Falls, New York. Our banking subsidiaries are Glens Falls National Bank and Trust Company (Glens Falls National) whose main office is located in Glens Falls, New York, and Saratoga National Bank and Trust Company (Saratoga National) whose main office is located in Saratoga Springs, New York. Our non-bank subsidiaries include Upstate Agency, LLC (an insurance agency specializing in property insurance, casualty insurance and selling and servicing group health care policies); North Country Investment Advisers, Inc. (a registered investment adviser that provides investment advice to our proprietary mutual funds); Glens Falls National Community Development Corporation (which invests in qualifying community development projects); and Arrow Properties, Inc. (a real estate investment trust, or REIT). Our holding company also owns directly two subsidiary business trusts, organized in 2003 and 2004 to issue trust preferred securities (TRUPs), which are still outstanding.
Forward Looking Statements - This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains statements that are not historical in nature but rather are based on our beliefs, assumptions, expectations, estimates and projections about the future. These statements are "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and involve a degree of uncertainty and attendant risk. Words such as "may," "will," "expect," "believe," "anticipate," "estimate," "continue," and variations of such words and similar expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. Examples of forward-looking statements include statements regarding the Company's asset quality, the level of allowance for loan losses, the sufficiency of liquidity sources, interest rate change exposure, changes in accounting standards, and the Company's tax plans and strategies. Some of these statements, such as those included in the interest rate sensitivity analysis in Part I, Item 3, entitled "Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk," are merely presentations of what future performance or changes in future performance would look like based on hypothetical assumptions and on simulation models. Other forward-looking statements are based on our general perceptions of market conditions and trends in business activity, both our own and in the banking industry generally, as well as current management strategies for future operations and development.
These forward-looking statements may not be exhaustive, are not guarantees of future performance and involve certain risks and uncertainties that are difficult to quantify or, in some cases, to identify. You should not place undue reliance on any such forward-looking statements. In the case of all forward-looking statements, actual outcomes and results may differ materially from what the statements predict or forecast. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to:

a. | rapid and dramatic changes in economic and market conditions

b.sharp fluctuations in interest rates, economic activity, or consumer spending patterns;
c.sudden changes in the market for products we provide, such as real estate loans;

d. | significant changes in banking or other laws and regulations, including both enactment of new legal or regulatory measures (e.g., the Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief, and Consumer Protection Act ("EGRRCPA"), the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act ("Dodd-Frank") and the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the "Tax Act")) or the modification or elimination of pre-existing measures;

e. | significant changes in U.S. monetary or fiscal policy, including new or revised monetary programs or targets adopted or announced by the Federal Reserve ("monetary tightening or easing") or significant new federal legislation materially affecting the federal budget ("fiscal tightening or expansion");

f. | cyber and physical security breaches;

g. | competition from other sources (e.g., so-called Fintech enterprises);

h. | similar uncertainties inherent in banking operations or business generally, including technological developments and changes; and

i. | other risks detailed from time to time within our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC").

Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements in this Report, which speak only as of the date hereof. We undertake no general obligation to revise or update the forward-looking statements contained in this Report to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events at any point in the future. This Quarterly Report should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 and our other filings with the SEC.
# 39

USE OF NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES
The SEC has adopted Regulation G, which applies to all public disclosures, including earnings releases, made by registered companies that contain "non-GAAP financial measures." GAAP is generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America. Under Regulation G, companies making public disclosures containing non-GAAP financial measures must also disclose, along with each non-GAAP financial measure, certain additional information, including a reconciliation of the non-GAAP financial measure to the closest comparable GAAP financial measure and a statement of the Company’s reasons for utilizing the non-GAAP financial measure as part of its financial disclosures. The SEC has exempted from the definition of "non-GAAP financial measures" certain commonly used financial measures that are not based on GAAP. When these exempted measures are included in public disclosures, supplemental information is not required. The following measures used in this Report, which are commonly utilized by financial institutions, have not been specifically exempted by the SEC and may constitute "non-GAAP financial measures" within the meaning of the SEC's rules, although we are unable to state with certainty that the SEC would so regard them.
Tax-Equivalent Net Interest Income and Net Interest Margin: Net interest income, as a component of the tabular presentation by financial institutions of Selected Financial Information regarding their recently completed operations, as well as disclosures based on that tabular presentation, is commonly presented on a tax-equivalent basis. That is, to the extent that some component of the institution's net interest income, which is presented on a before-tax basis, is exempt from taxation (e.g., is received by the institution as a result of its holdings of state or municipal obligations), an amount equal to the tax benefit derived from that component is added to the actual before-tax net interest income total. Historically, this adjustment has been considered helpful in comparing the financial institution's net interest income (before tax) to that of another institution or in analyzing the institution’s net interest income trend line over time, to correct any analytical distortion that might otherwise arise from the fact that financial institutions vary widely in the proportions of their portfolios that are invested in tax-exempt securities, or from the fact that even a single institution may significantly alter over time the proportion of its own portfolio that is invested in tax-exempt obligations. Moreover, net interest income is itself a component of a second financial measure commonly used by financial institutions, net interest margin, which is the ratio of net interest income (before tax) to average earning assets. For purposes of this measure as well, tax-equivalent net interest income is generally used by financial institutions, again to provide a better basis of comparison from institution to institution and/or to better demonstrate a single institution’s performance over time. Arrow follows these practices. As a result of the reduced federal corporate tax rates enacted by the Tax Act, tax-equivalent net interest income and the resulting net interest margin on a tax-equivalent basis have become less comparable to prior period levels when analyzing a financial institution’s performance over time. While Arrow continues to calculate, publish, and monitor these tax-equivalent financial performance measures, all users of this information should be aware of the non-comparative nature of post-Tax Act period results. Arrow presents net interest income and net interest margin on a GAAP basis in the relative sections of this Report in order to provide a consistently comparable performance measure over time as these measures are not effected by federal income tax rates.
The Efficiency Ratio: Financial institutions often use an "efficiency ratio" as a measure of expense control. The efficiency ratio typically is defined as the ratio of noninterest expense to net interest income and noninterest income. Net interest income as utilized in calculating the efficiency ratio is typically the same as the net interest income presented in Selected Financial Information table discussed in the preceding paragraph, i.e., it is expressed on a tax-equivalent basis. Moreover, many financial institutions, in calculating the efficiency ratio, also adjust both noninterest expense and noninterest income to exclude from these items (as calculated under GAAP) certain recurring component elements of income and expense, such as intangible asset amortization (which is included in noninterest expense under GAAP but may be excluded therefrom for purposes of calculating the efficiency ratio) and securities gains or losses (which are reflected in the calculation of noninterest income under GAAP but may be excluded therefrom for purposes of calculating the efficiency ratio). We make these adjustments.
Tangible Book Value per Share: Tangible equity is total stockholders’ equity less intangible assets. Tangible book value per share is tangible equity divided by total shares issued and outstanding. Tangible book value per share is often regarded as a more meaningful comparative ratio than book value per share as calculated under GAAP, that is, total stockholders’ equity including intangible assets divided by total shares issued and outstanding. Intangible assets includes many items, but in our case, essentially represents goodwill.
Adjustments for Certain Items of Income or Expense: In addition to our regular utilization in our public filings and disclosures of the various non-GAAP measures commonly utilized by financial institutions discussed above, we also may elect from time to time, in connection with our presentation of various financial measures prepared in accordance with GAAP, such as net income, earnings per share (i.e. EPS), return on average assets (i.e. ROA), and return on average equity (i.e. ROE), to provide as well certain comparative disclosures that adjust these GAAP financial measures, typically by removing therefrom the impact of certain transactions or other material items of income or expense that are unusual or unlikely to be repeated. We do so only if we believe that provision of the resulting non-GAAP financial measures may improve the average investor's understanding of our results of operations by separating out items that have a disproportional positive or negative impact on the particular period in question or by otherwise permitting a better comparison from period-to-period in our results of operations with respect to our fundamental lines of business, including the commercial banking business.
We believe that the non-GAAP financial measures disclosed by us from time-to-time are useful in evaluating our performance and that such information should be considered as supplemental in nature, and not as a substitute for or superior to, the related financial information prepared in accordance with GAAP. Our non-GAAP financial measures may differ from similar measures presented by other companies.
# 40

Arrow Financial Corporation Selected Quarterly Information (Dollars In Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts - Unaudited)
Quarter Ended | 9/30/2018 |  |  | 6/30/2018 |  |  | 3/31/2018 |  |  | 12/31/2017 |  |  | 9/30/2017 |
Net Income | $ | 9,260 |  |  | $ | 9,730 |  |  | $ | 8,531 |  |  | $ | 8,071 |  |  | $ | 7,416 |
Transactions Recorded in Net Income (Net of Tax): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net Realized Gain (Loss) on Available-for-Sale Securities | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (278 | ) |  | 6 |
Net Unrealized Gain on Equity Securities | 85 |  |  | 166 |  |  | 13 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Tax Benefit from Net Deferred Tax Liability Revaluation | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,116 |  |  | — |
Share and Per Share Data:(1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Period End Shares Outstanding | 14,441 |  |  | 14,424 |  |  | 14,368 |  |  | 14,348 |  |  | 14,308 |
Basic Average Shares Outstanding | 14,431 |  |  | 14,394 |  |  | 14,354 |  |  | 14,322 |  |  | 14,305 |
Diluted Average Shares Outstanding | 14,520 |  |  | 14,480 |  |  | 14,436 |  |  | 14,426 |  |  | 14,385 |
Basic Earnings Per Share | $ | 0.64 |  |  | $ | 0.68 |  |  | $ | 0.59 |  |  | $ | 0.56 |  |  | $ | 0.52 |
Diluted Earnings Per Share | 0.64 |  |  | 0.67 |  |  | 0.59 |  |  | 0.56 |  |  | 0.52 |
Cash Dividend Per Share | 0.252 |  |  | 0.243 |  |  | 0.243 |  |  | 0.243 |  |  | 0.236 |
Selected Quarterly Average Balances: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-Bearing Deposits at Banks | 30,522 |  |  | 28,543 |  |  | 27,978 |  |  | 27,047 |  |  | 27,143 |
Investment Securities | 636,847 |  |  | 647,913 |  |  | 642,442 |  |  | 660,043 |  |  | 677,368 |
Loans | 2,089,651 |  |  | 2,026,598 |  |  | 1,971,240 |  |  | 1,930,590 |  |  | 1,892,766 |
Deposits | 2,279,709 |  |  | 2,325,202 |  |  | 2,305,736 |  |  | 2,284,206 |  |  | 2,193,778 |
Other Borrowed Funds | 314,304 |  |  | 219,737 |  |  | 184,613 |  |  | 187,366 |  |  | 262,864 |
Stockholders’ Equity | 263,139 |  |  | 256,358 |  |  | 251,109 |  |  | 247,253 |  |  | 243,801 |
Total Assets | 2,879,854 |  |  | 2,823,061 |  |  | 2,763,706 |  |  | 2,744,180 |  |  | 2,725,653 |
Return on Average Assets, annualized | 1.28 | % |  | 1.38 | % |  | 1.25 | % |  | 1.17 | % |  | 1.08 | %
Return on Average Equity, annualized | 13.96 | % |  | 15.22 | % |  | 13.78 | % |  | 12.95 | % |  | 12.07 | %
Return on Average Tangible Equity, annualized (2) | 15.36 | % |  | 16.80 | % |  | 15.24 | % |  | 14.36 | % |  | 13.40 | %
Average Earning Assets | 2,757,020 |  |  | 2,703,054 |  |  | 2,641,660 |  |  | 2,617,680 |  |  | 2,597,277 |
Average Paying Liabilities | 2,110,924 |  |  | 2,100,085 |  |  | 2,050,661 |  |  | 2,029,811 |  |  | 2,012,802 |
Interest Income | 24,495 |  |  | 23,590 |  |  | 22,418 |  |  | 22,135 |  |  | 21,599 |
Tax-Equivalent Adjustment (3) | 376 |  |  | 468 |  |  | 491 |  |  | 980 |  |  | 966 |
Interest Income, Tax-Equivalent (3) | 24,871 |  |  | 24,058 |  |  | 22,909 |  |  | 23,115 |  |  | 22,565 |
Interest Expense | 3,498 |  |  | 2,628 |  |  | 2,016 |  |  | 1,821 |  |  | 1,949 |
Net Interest Income | 20,997 |  |  | 20,962 |  |  | 20,402 |  |  | 20,314 |  |  | 19,650 |
Net Interest Income, Tax-Equivalent (3) | 21,373 |  |  | 21,430 |  |  | 20,893 |  |  | 21,294 |  |  | 20,616 |
Net Interest Margin, annualized | 3.02 | % |  | 3.11 | % |  | 3.13 | % |  | 3.08 | % |  | 3.00 | %
Net Interest Margin, Tax Equivalent, annualized (3) | 3.08 | % |  | 3.18 | % |  | 3.21 | % |  | 3.23 | % |  | 3.15 | %
Efficiency Ratio Calculation: (4) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Noninterest Expense | $ | 16,026 |  |  | $ | 16,192 |  |  | $ | 15,955 |  |  | $ | 16,045 |  |  | $ | 15,548 |
Less: Intangible Asset Amortization | 65 |  |  | 66 |  |  | 67 |  |  | 69 |  |  | 69 |
Net Noninterest Expense | 15,961 |  |  | 16,126 |  |  | 15,888 |  |  | 15,976 |  |  | 15,479 |
Net Interest Income, Tax-Equivalent (3) | 21,373 |  |  | 21,430 |  |  | 20,893 |  |  | 21,294 |  |  | 20,616 |
Noninterest Income | 7,350 |  |  | 7,911 |  |  | 6,888 |  |  | 6,752 |  |  | 7,141 |
Less: Net Securities Gain (Loss) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (458 | ) |  | 10 |
Less: Net Gain on Equity Securities | 114 |  |  | 223 |  |  | 18 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Net Gross Income | 28,609 |  |  | 29,118 |  |  | 27,763 |  |  | 28,504 |  |  | 27,747 |
Efficiency Ratio (4) | 55.79 | % |  | 55.38 | % |  | 57.23 | % |  | 56.05 | % |  | 55.79 | %
Period-End Capital Information: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total Stockholders’ Equity (i.e. Book Value) | $ | 264,810 |  |  | $ | 259,488 |  |  | $ | 252,734 |  |  | $ | 249,603 |  |  | $ | 244,648 |
Book Value per Share (1) | 18.34 |  |  | 17.99 |  |  | 17.59 |  |  | 17.40 |  |  | 17.10 |
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, net | 23,827 |  |  | 23,933 |  |  | 24,045 |  |  | 24,162 |  |  | 24,268 |
Tangible Book Value per Share (1,2) | 16.69 |  |  | 16.33 |  |  | 15.92 |  |  | 15.71 |  |  | 15.40 |
Capital Ratios:(5) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Tier 1 Leverage Ratio | 9.67 | % |  | 9.65 | % |  | 9.62 | % |  | 9.49 | % |  | 9.30 | %
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital Ratio | 12.89 | % |  | 13.01 | % |  | 12.97 | % |  | 12.89 | % |  | 12.70 | %
Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital Ratio | 13.90 | % |  | 14.04 | % |  | 14.03 | % |  | 13.97 | % |  | 13.79 | %
Total Risk-Based Capital Ratio | 14.90 | % |  | 15.06 | % |  | 15.04 | % |  | 14.99 | % |  | 14.77 | %
Assets Under Trust Administration & Investment Mgmt | $ | 1,551,289 |  |  | $ | 1,479,753 |  |  | $ | 1,470,191 |  |  | $ | 1,452,994 |  |  | $ | 1,411,608 |

# 41

Arrow Financial Corporation
Selected Quarterly Information - Continued
(Dollars In Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts - Unaudited)

Footnotes: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
1. | Share and Per Share Data have been restated for the September 27, 2018, 3% stock dividend.
2. | Non-GAAP Financial Measures Reconciliation: Tangible Book Value, Tangible Equity and Return on Tangible Equity exclude goodwill and other intangible assets, net from total equity. These are non-GAAP financial measures which we believe provide investors with information that is useful in understanding our financial performance. See "Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures" on page 40.
|  | 9/30/2018 |  | 6/30/2018 |  | 3/31/2018 |  | 12/31/2017 |  | 9/30/2017
| Total Stockholders' Equity (GAAP) | $ | 264,810 |  |  | $ | 259,488 |  |  | $ | 252,734 |  |  | $ | 249,603 |  |  | $ | 244,648 |
| Less: Goodwill and Other Intangible assets, net | 23,827 |  |  | 23,933 |  |  | 24,045 |  |  | 24,162 |  |  | 24,268 |
| Tangible Equity (Non-GAAP) | $ | 240,983 |  |  | $ | 235,555 |  |  | $ | 228,689 |  |  | $ | 225,441 |  |  | $ | 220,380 |
| Period End Shares Outstanding | 14,441 |  |  | 14,424 |  |  | 14,368 |  |  | 14,348 |  |  | 14,308 |
| Tangible Book Value per Share (Non-GAAP) | $ | 16.69 |  |  | $ | 16.33 |  |  | $ | 15.92 |  |  | $ | 15.71 |  |  | $ | 15.40 |
3. | Non-GAAP Financial Measures Reconciliation: Net Interest Margin is the ratio of our annualized tax-equivalent net interest income to average earning assets. This is also a non-GAAP financial measure which we believe provides investors with information that is useful in understanding our financial performance. See "Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures" on page 40.
|  | 9/30/2018 |  | 6/30/2018 |  | 3/31/2018 |  | 12/31/2017 |  | 9/30/2017
| Net Interest Income (GAAP) | $ | 20,997 |  |  | $ | 20,962 |  |  | $ | 20,402 |  |  | $ | 20,314 |  |  | $ | 19,650 |
| Add: Tax-Equivalent adjustment (Non-GAAP) | 376 |  |  | 468 |  |  | 491 |  |  | 980 |  |  | 966 |
| Net Interest Income - Tax Equivalent (Non-GAAP) | $ | 21,373 |  |  | $ | 21,430 |  |  | $ | 20,893 |  |  | $ | 21,294 |  |  | $ | 20,616 |
| Average Earning Assets | $ | 2,757,020 |  |  | $ | 2,703,054 |  |  | $ | 2,641,660 |  |  | $ | 2,617,680 |  |  | $ | 2,597,277 |
| Net Interest Margin (Non-GAAP)* | 3.08 | % |  | 3.18 | % |  | 3.21 | % |  | 3.23 | % |  | 3.15 | %
4. | Non-GAAP Financial Measures: Financial Institutions often use the "efficiency ratio", a non-GAAP ratio, as a measure of expense control. We believe the efficiency ratio provides investors with information that is useful in understanding our financial performance. We define our efficiency ratio as the ratio of our noninterest expense to our net gross income (which equals our tax-equivalent net interest income plus noninterest income, as adjusted). There is no GAAP financial measure that is closely comparable to the efficiency ratio. See "Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures" on page 40.
5. | For the current quarter, all of the regulatory capital ratios in the table on page 40 and the table in this Note 5, below, as well as the Total Risk-Weighted Assets and Common Equity Tier 1 Capital amounts listed in the table below, are estimates based on, and calculated in accordance with, bank regulatory capital rules. The Common Equity Tier 1 Capital Ratio (CET1 Ratio) of Arrow as of September 30, 2018 that is listed in the tables (i.e., 12.89%) not only exceeds the currently required minimum CET1 Ratio (including Conservation Buffer) of 6.375%, but also exceeds the minimum CET1 Ratio that will be required when the Conservation Buffer is fully phased-in, on January 1, 2019, of 7.00% (including the ultimate required Conservation Buffer of 2.50%).
|  | 9/30/2018 |  | 6/30/2018 |  | 3/31/2018 |  | 12/31/2017 |  | 9/30/2017
| Total Risk Weighted Assets | $ | 1,999,849 |  |  | $ | 1,934,890 |  |  | $ | 1,889,719 |  |  | $ | 1,856,242 |  |  | $ | 1,830,730 |
| Common Equity Tier 1 Capital | 257,852 |  |  | 259,488 |  |  | 265,066 |  |  | 259,378 |  |  | 232,473 |
| Common Equity Tier 1 Capital Ratio | 12.89 | % |  | 13.01 | % |  | 12.97 | % |  | 12.89 | % |  | 12.70 | %

* Quarterly ratios have been annualized.
# 42

Arrow Financial Corporation Selected Year-to-Date Information (Dollars In Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts - Unaudited)
Nine Months Ended | 9/30/2018 |  |  | 9/30/2017 |
Net Income | $ | 27,521 |  |  | $ | 21,255 |
Transactions Recorded in Net Income (Net of Tax): |  |  |
Net Gain on Securities Transactions | — |  |  | 6 |
Share and Per Share Data:(1) |  |  |
Period End Shares Outstanding | 14,441 |  |  | 14,308 |
Basic Average Shares Outstanding | 14,393 |  |  | 14,306 |
Diluted Average Shares Outstanding | 14,479 |  |  | 14,401 |
Basic Earnings Per Share | $ | 1.91 |  |  | $ | 1.49 |
Diluted Earnings Per Share | 1.90 |  |  | 1.48 |
Cash Dividend Per Share | 0.74 |  |  | 0.71 |
Selected Year-to-Date Average Balances: |  |  |
Interest-Bearing Deposits at Banks | $ | 29,024 |  |  | $ | 25,076 |
Investment Securities | 642,380 |  |  | 685,784 |
Loans | 2,029,597 |  |  | 1,839,216 |
Deposits | 2,303,454 |  |  | 2,187,431 |
Other Borrowed Funds | 240,027 |  |  | 225,400 |
Stockholders’ Equity | 256,913 |  |  | 239,516 |
Total Assets | 2,822,635 |  |  | 2,677,018 |
Return on Average Assets, annualized | 1.30 | % |  | 1.06 | %
Return on Average Equity, annualized | 14.32 | % |  | 11.86 | %
Return on Average Tangible Equity, annualized (2) | 15.80 | % |  | 13.21 | %
Average Earning Assets | 2,701,001 |  |  | 2,550,076 |
Average Paying Liabilities | 2,087,445 |  |  | 1,998,746 |
Interest Income | 70,503 |  |  | 62,522 |
Tax-Equivalent Adjustment (3) | 1,335 |  |  | 2,863 |
Interest Income, Tax-Equivalent (3) | 71,838 |  |  | 65,385 |
Interest Expense | 8,142 |  |  | 5,184 |
Net Interest Income | 62,361 |  |  | 57,338 |
Net Interest Income, Tax-Equivalent (3) | 63,696 |  |  | 60,201 |
Net Interest Margin, annualized | 3.09 | % |  | 3.01 | %
Net Interest Margin, Tax Equivalent, annualized (3) | 3.15 | % |  | 3.16 | %
Efficiency Ratio Calculation: (4) |  |  |
Noninterest Expense | $ | 48,174 |  |  | $ | 46,661 |
Less: Intangible Asset Amortization | 197 |  |  | 210 |
Net Noninterest Expense | 47,977 |  |  | 46,451 |
Net Interest Income, Tax-Equivalent (3) | 63,696 |  |  | 60,201 |
Noninterest Income | 22,150 |  |  | 20,893 |
Less: Net Securities Gain | — |  |  | 10 |
Less: Net Gain on Equity Securities | 355 |  |  | — |
Net Gross Income | 85,491 |  |  | 81,084 |
Efficiency Ratio (4) | 56.12 | % |  | 57.29 | %

# 43

Arrow Financial Corporation
Selected Year-to-Date Information - Continued
(Dollars In Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts - Unaudited)

Footnotes: |  |  |
1. | Share and Per Share Data have been restated for the September 27, 2018, 3% stock dividend.
2. | Tangible Book Value, Tangible Equity and Return on Tangible Equity exclude goodwill and other intangible assets, net from total equity. These are non-GAAP financial measures which we believe provide investors with information that is useful in understanding our financial performance. See "Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures" on page 40.
|  | 9/30/2018 |  | 9/30/2017
| Total Stockholders' Equity (GAAP) | $ | 264,810 |  |  | $ | 244,648 |
| Less: Goodwill and Other Intangible assets, net | 23,827 |  |  | 24,268 |
| Tangible Equity (Non-GAAP) | $ | 240,983 |  |  | $ | 220,380 |
| Period End Shares Outstanding | 14,441 |  |  | 14,308 |
| Tangible Book Value per Share (Non-GAAP) | $ | 16.69 |  |  | $ | 15.40 |
| Net Income | 27,521 |  |  | 21,255 |
| Return on Tangible Equity (Net Income/Tangible Equity - Annualized) | 15.80 | % |  | 13.21 | %
3. | Net Interest Margin is the ratio of our annualized tax-equivalent net interest income to average earning assets. This is also a non-GAAP financial measure which we believe provides investors with information that is useful in understanding our financial performance. See "Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures" on page 40.
|  | 9/30/2018 |  | 9/30/2017
| Interest Income (GAAP) | $ | 70,503 |  |  | $ | 62,522 |
| Add: Tax-Equivalent adjustment (Non-GAAP) | $ | 1,335 |  |  | $ | 2,863 |
| Net Interest Income - Tax Equivalent (Non-GAAP) | $ | 71,838 |  |  | $ | 65,385 |
| Net Interest Income (GAAP) | $ | 62,361 |  |  | $ | 57,338 |
| Add: Tax-Equivalent adjustment (Non-GAAP) | 1,335 |  |  | 2,863 |
| Net Interest Income - Tax Equivalent (Non-GAAP) | $ | 63,696 |  |  | $ | 60,201 |
| Average Earning Assets | $ | 2,701,001 |  |  | $ | 2,550,076 |
| Net Interest Margin (Non-GAAP)* | 3.15 | % |  | 3.16 | %
4. | Financial Institutions often use the "efficiency ratio", a non-GAAP ratio, as a measure of expense control. We believe the efficiency ratio provides investors with information that is useful in understanding our financial performance. We define our efficiency ratio as the ratio of our noninterest expense to our net gross income (which equals our tax-equivalent net interest income plus noninterest income, as adjusted). See "Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures" on page 40.

* Year-to-date ratios have been annualized.
# 44

Average Consolidated Balance Sheets and Net Interest Income Analysis
(see "Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures" on page 40)
(Dollars In Thousands)
Quarter Ended September 30: | 2018 |  | 2017
|  |  | Interest |  | Rate |  |  |  | Interest |  | Rate
| Average |  | Income/ |  | Earned/ |  | Average |  | Income/ |  | Earned/
| Balance |  | Expense |  | Paid |  | Balance |  | Expense |  | Paid
Interest-Bearing Deposits at Banks | $ | 30,522 |  |  | $ | 182 |  |  | 2.37 | % |  | $ | 27,143 |  |  | $ | 104 |  |  | 1.52 | %
Investment Securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fully Taxable | 394,072 |  |  | 2,189 |  |  | 2.20 |  |  | 389,092 |  |  | 1,928 |  |  | 1.97 |
Exempt from Federal Taxes (2) | 242,775 |  |  | 1,583 |  |  | 2.59 |  |  | 288,276 |  |  | 2,404 |  |  | 3.31 |
Loans (2) | 2,089,651 |  |  | 20,917 |  |  | 3.97 |  |  | 1,892,766 |  |  | 18,129 |  |  | 3.80 |
Total Earning Assets | 2,757,020 |  |  | 24,871 |  |  | 3.58 |  |  | 2,597,277 |  |  | 22,565 |  |  | 3.45 |
Allowance for Loan Losses | (19,596 | ) |  |  |  |  |  | (17,393 | ) |  |  |  |
Cash and Due From Banks | 38,344 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 37,592 |  |  |  |  |
Other Assets | 104,086 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 108,177 |  |  |  |  |
Total Assets | $ | 2,879,854 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,725,653 |  |  |  |  |
Deposits: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-Bearing Checking Accounts | $ | 801,193 |  |  | 390 |  |  | 0.19 |  |  | $ | 869,748 |  |  | 376 |  |  | 0.17 |
Savings Deposits | 744,808 |  |  | 901 |  |  | 0.48 |  |  | 682,347 |  |  | 356 |  |  | 0.21 |
Time Deposits of $250,000 or More | 75,888 |  |  | 301 |  |  | 1.57 |  |  | 31,067 |  |  | 66 |  |  | 0.84 |
Other Time Deposits | 174,731 |  |  | 370 |  |  | 0.84 |  |  | 166,776 |  |  | 241 |  |  | 0.57 |
Total Interest-Bearing Deposits | 1,796,620 |  |  | 1,962 |  |  | 0.43 |  |  | 1,749,938 |  |  | 1,039 |  |  | 0.24 |
Short-Term Borrowings | 249,304 |  |  | 1,075 |  |  | 1.71 |  |  | 187,864 |  |  | 465 |  |  | 0.98 |
FHLBNY Term Advances and Other Long-Term Debt | 65,000 |  |  | 461 |  |  | 2.81 |  |  | 75,000 |  |  | 445 |  |  | 2.35 |
Total Interest-Bearing Liabilities | 2,110,924 |  |  | 3,498 |  |  | 0.66 |  |  | 2,012,802 |  |  | 1,949 |  |  | 0.38 |
Noninterest-bearing deposits | 483,089 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 443,840 |  |  |  |  |
Other Liabilities | 22,702 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 25,210 |  |  |  |  |
Total Liabilities | 2,616,715 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,481,852 |  |  |  |  |
Stockholders’ Equity | 263,139 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 243,801 |  |  |  |  |
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity | $ | 2,879,854 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,725,653 |  |  |  |  |
Net Interest Income (Tax-equivalent Basis) (Non-GAAP) (1) (2) |  |  | 21,373 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 20,616 |  |  |
Reversal of Tax Equivalent Adjustment |  |  | (376 | ) |  | (0.05 | )% |  |  |  | (966 | ) |  | (0.15 | )%
Net Interest Income |  |  | $ | 20,997 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 19,650 |  |  |
Net Interest Spread (Non-GAAP) (1) (2) |  |  |  |  | 2.92 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 3.07 | %
Net Interest Margin (Non-GAAP) (1) (2) |  |  |  |  | 3.08 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 3.15 | %

1 See Note 3 on p. 44.
2 Fully taxable basis using a marginal federal tax rate of 35% for 2017, 21% for 2018.
# 45

Average Consolidated Balance Sheets and Net Interest Income Analysis
(see "Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures" on page 40)
(Dollars In Thousands)
Nine Months Ended September 30: | 2018 |  | 2017
|  |  | Interest |  | Rate |  |  |  | Interest |  | Rate
| Average |  | Income/ |  | Earned/ |  | Average |  | Income/ |  | Earned/
| Balance |  | Expense |  | Paid |  | Balance |  | Expense |  | Paid
Interest-Bearing Deposits at Banks | $ | 29,024 |  |  | $ | 474 |  |  | 2.18 | % |  | $ | 25,076 |  |  | $ | 242 |  |  | 1.29 | %
Investment Securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fully Taxable | 376,869 |  |  | 6,134 |  |  | 2.18 |  |  | 398,231 |  |  | 5,940 |  |  | 1.99 |
Exempt from Federal Taxes (2) | 265,511 |  |  | 5,389 |  |  | 2.71 |  |  | 287,553 |  |  | 7,116 |  |  | 3.31 |
Loans (2) | 2,029,597 |  |  | 59,841 |  |  | 3.94 |  |  | 1,839,216 |  |  | 52,087 |  |  | 3.79 |
Total Earning Assets | 2,701,001 |  |  | 71,838 |  |  | 3.56 |  |  | 2,550,076 |  |  | 65,385 |  |  | 3.43 |
Allowance for Loan Losses | (19,065 | ) |  |  |  |  |  | (17,172 | ) |  |  |  |
Cash and Due From Banks | 36,306 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 36,056 |  |  |  |  |
Other Assets | 104,392 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 108,058 |  |  |  |  |
Total Assets | $ | 2,822,634 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,677,018 |  |  |  |  |
Deposits: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-Bearing Checking Accounts | $ | 860,355 |  |  | 1,165 |  |  | 0.18 |  |  | $ | 894,206 |  |  | 1,088 |  |  | 0.16 |
Savings Deposits | 739,684 |  |  | 2,134 |  |  | 0.39 |  |  | 680,419 |  |  | 963 |  |  | 0.19 |
Time Deposits of $250,000 or More | 78,671 |  |  | 833 |  |  | 1.42 |  |  | 31,974 |  |  | 187 |  |  | 0.78 |
Other Time Deposits | 168,708 |  |  | 911 |  |  | 0.72 |  |  | 166,747 |  |  | 702 |  |  | 0.56 |
Total Interest-Bearing Deposits | 1,847,418 |  |  | 5,043 |  |  | 0.36 |  |  | 1,773,346 |  |  | 2,940 |  |  | 0.22 |
Short-Term Borrowings | 172,463 |  |  | 1,736 |  |  | 1.35 |  |  | 150,400 |  |  | 946 |  |  | 0.84 |
FHLBNY Term Advances and Other Long-Term Debt | 67,564 |  |  | 1,363 |  |  | 2.70 |  |  | 75,000 |  |  | 1,298 |  |  | 2.31 |
Total Interest-Bearing Liabilities | 2,087,445 |  |  | 8,142 |  |  | 0.52 |  |  | 1,998,746 |  |  | 5,184 |  |  | 0.35 |
Noninterest-bearing deposits | 456,036 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 414,085 |  |  |  |  |
Other Liabilities | 22,240 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 24,671 |  |  |  |  |
Total Liabilities | 2,565,721 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,437,502 |  |  |  |  |
Stockholders’ Equity | 256,913 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 239,516 |  |  |  |  |
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity | $ | 2,822,634 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,677,018 |  |  |  |  |
Net Interest Income (Tax-equivalent Basis) (Non-GAAP) (1) (2) |  |  | 63,696 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 60,201 |  |  |
Reversal of Tax Equivalent Adjustment |  |  | (1,335 | ) |  | (0.07 | )% |  |  |  | (2,863 | ) |  | (0.15 | )%
Net Interest Income |  |  | $ | 62,361 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 57,338 |  |  |
Net Interest Spread (Non-GAAP) (1) (2) |  |  |  |  | 3.04 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 3.08 | %
Net Interest Margin (Non-GAAP) (1) (2) |  |  |  |  | 3.15 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 3.16 | %

1 See Note 3 on p. 44.
2 Fully taxable basis using a marginal federal tax rate of 35% for 2017, 21% for 2018.
# 46

OVERVIEW
Net income of $9.3 million continued the favorable trend for the third quarter of 2018, an increase of $1.8 million, or 24.9%, over net income for the third quarter of 2017. Diluted earnings per share (EPS) for the quarter was $0.64, an increase of 23.1% from the EPS of $0.52 reported for the third quarter of 2017. Return on average equity (ROE) for the third quarter of 2018 continued to be strong at 13.96%, up from an ROE of 12.07% for the third quarter ended September 30, 2017. Return on average assets (ROA) for the 2018 third quarter was 1.28%, an increase from an ROA of 1.08% for the third quarter ended September 30, 2017.
Factors contributing to the positive results for the current quarter compared to the comparable prior year quarter are as follows:
Net interest income on a GAAP basis increased 6.9% to $21.0 million primarily due to the increase in total interest and dividend income of $2.9 million. Net interest margin improved slightly to 3.02% for the third quarter of 2018 from 3.00% for the third quarter of 2017. Interest and fees on loans increased $2.8 million for the 2018 quarter mainly due to strong loan growth and higher market rates. Interest expense increased $1.5 million as a result of 4.4% deposit growth, higher market rates and some shifting in the overall funding mix toward higher costing sources. Consistent with prior years, seasonal municipal deposits increased late in the quarter. Total noninterest income increased $209 thousand mainly due to a $146 thousand increase in income from fiduciary activities and an increase of $152 thousand in service fee revenue, while total noninterest expense increased $478 thousand in the current year quarter. In addition to the above, the provision for income taxes decreased $552 thousand, or 18%, due to the reduction of tax rates as a result of the Tax Act.
The changes in net income, net interest income and net interest margin between the three month periods are discussed in detail under the heading "RESULTS OF OPERATIONS," beginning on page 61.
Regulatory Reform: The first bipartisan financial regulatory reform bill to be enacted in nearly a decade, the Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief, and Consumer Protection Act (EGRRCPA), was signed into law May 24, 2018. Some of its provisions were written to take effect immediately; others have later specified effective dates and still others are open-ended, to be implemented by rule-making.
This legislation includes a variety of provisions that are likely to affect community banking institutions such as Arrow, including the following:

• | The federal bank regulatory agencies are directed to establish a "community bank leverage ratio" of between 8% and 10%, calculated by dividing tangible equity capital by average total consolidated assets of "qualifying community banks" that meet certain requirements to be set by those regulatory agencies. A qualifying community bank is a depository institution or bank holding company with less than $10 billion in total assets, such as Arrow. If a qualifying community bank exceeds the community bank leverage ratio, it will be deemed to have met all applicable capital and leverage requirements, including the generally applicable leverage capital requirements and risk-based capital requirements and the "well capitalized" requirement under the federal "prompt corrective action" capital standards. This new community bank leverage ratio is expected to reduce the burden of compliance with regard to regulatory capital adequacy.

• | The definition of "high volatility commercial real estate" loans that trigger heightened risk-based capital requirements, has been modified and limited to ease the burden of those requirements.

• | The total asset threshold for qualifying insured financial institutions eligible for an 18-month examination cycle has been increased from $1 billion to $3 billion.

• | The new law provides that reciprocal deposits of certain institutions shall not be considered "brokered deposits," subject to certain limitations.

• | Some community banks will be exempt from mortgage escrow requirements, and an expanded "qualified mortgage" exemption for community banks has been implemented to ease the burden of the "ability to repay" requirements in the Truth in Lending Act.

• | Financial institutions with less than $10 billion in total assets that meet certain requirements will be exempt from the Volcker Rule proprietary trading requirements implemented under Dodd Frank.

Regulatory Capital and Increase in Stockholders' Equity: At September 30, 2018, we continued to exceed by a substantial amount all required minimum capital ratios under the bank regulatory capital rules at both the holding company and bank levels. At that date, both of our banks, as well as our holding company, continued to qualify as "well-capitalized" under the capital classification guidelines as defined by the current bank regulatory capital rules. Because of our continued profitability and strong asset quality, our regulatory capital levels throughout recent years have consistently remained well in excess of the various required regulatory minimums in effect from time to time, as they do at present. Pursuant to the Dodd-Frank Act, required minimum regulatory capital levels for insured banks and their parent holding companies were scheduled to increase in 2019. As explained above, pursuant to EGRRCPA, the federal bank regulators are required to implement a simplified community bank leverage ratio capital standard that may be applicable to Arrow and its subsidiary banks to allow them to satisfy all applicable capital and leverage requirements, including the currently applicable risk-based capital ratio requirements. The implementation of the new community bank leverage ratio standards will be subject to the notice and comment procedures of rulemaking. EGRRCPA does not impose a deadline for this rulemaking. The federal bank regulators have announced their intention to initiate this rulemaking process to define and implement the "community bank leverage ratio" in the near future. The Company anticipates that, when this new standard is implemented, it will simplify capital adequacy compliance requirements for community banks and holding companies such as Arrow.
# 47

Stockholders’ equity was $264.8 million at September 30, 2018, an increase of $15.2 million, or 6.1%, from the December 31, 2017 level of $249.6 million, and an increase of $20.2 million, or 8.2%, from the prior-year level. The components of the change in stockholders’ equity since year-end 2017 are presented in the Consolidated Statement of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity on page 6, and are discussed in more detail in the next section.
At September 30, 2018, book value per share was $18.34, up by 7.3% over the prior-year level. Tangible book value per share (a non-GAAP measure that deducts intangible assets from stockholders' equity) was $16.69, an increase of $1.29, or 8.4%, over the level as of September 30, 2017. See the disclosure on page 40 related to our use of non-GAAP financial measures including tangible book value. In the first nine months of 2018, total stockholders' equity increased by 6.1% and total book value per share increased by 9.4%. The increase in stockholders' equity over the first nine months of 2018 principally reflected the following factors: (i) $27.5 million of net income for the period and (ii) issuance of $4.0 million of common stock through employee benefit and dividend reinvestment plans; reduced by (iii) cash dividends of $10.6 million; and (iv) repurchases of the Company's own common stock, primarily in connection with the approved treasury stock repurchase plan of $1.8 million. On September 30, 2018, the Company's closing stock price was $37.00, representing a trading multiple of 2.22 to tangible book value. As adjusted for a 3.0% stock dividend distributed September 27, 2018, the Company paid a quarterly cash dividend of $0.236 per share for each of the first three quarters of 2017, a cash dividend of $0.243 per share for the last quarter of 2017 and the first and second quarters of 2018, and a cash dividend of $0.252 for the third quarter of 2018.
Loan Quality: Net charge-offs for the third quarter of 2018 were $223 thousand as compared to $547 thousand for the comparable 2017 quarter. The ratio of net charge-offs to average loans (annualized) was 0.04% for the third quarter of 2018 compared to 0.11% for the third quarter of 2017. At September 30, 2018, the allowance for loan losses was $20.0 million representing 0.94% of total loans, which is a 1 basis point increase from the September 30, 2017 ratio of 0.93%. The Company believes this allowance is appropriate and reflects the continuing strong credit quality in the loan portfolio.
Nonperforming loans were $5.8 million at September 30, 2018, representing 0.27% of period-end loans, a decrease of 11 basis points from the prior year comparable quarter ratio, which compares favorably with the weighted average ratio of our peer group of 0.64% at June 30, 2018.
Loan Segments: During the quarter ended September 30, 2018, total loans grew by $68.2 million, or 3.3% as compared to the balance at June 30, 2018. The largest increase was in consumer loans which increased during the quarter by $32.3 million, or 4.9%. In addition, residential real estate loans expanded by $22.0 million, or 2.7% and the commercial loan portfolio increased by $14.0 million, or 2.4%.
Commercial Loans: These loans comprised 6.0% of the total loan portfolio at period-end. The business sector in the Company's service area, including small- and mid-sized businesses with headquarters in the area, continued to be in reasonably good financial condition at period-end.
Commercial Real Estate Loans: These loans comprised 22.1% of the total loan portfolio at period-end. Commercial property values in the Company's region have remained stable in recent periods. Appraisals on our nonperforming and watched CRE loan properties are updated as deemed necessary, usually when the loan is downgraded or when there has been significant market deterioration since the last appraisal.
Consumer Loans: These loans (primarily automobile loans) comprised 32.7% of the total loan portfolio at period-end. Consumer automobile loans at September 30, 2018, were $687 million, or 99.0% of this portfolio segment. In the first nine months of 2018, the Company did not experience any significant increase in the delinquency rate or in the percentage of nonperforming loans in this segment.
Residential Real Estate Loans: These loans, including home equity loans, made up 39.3% of the total loan portfolio at period-end. The residential real estate market in the Company's service area has been stable in recent periods. The Company originated nearly all of the residential real estate loans currently held in the loan portfolio and apply conservative underwriting standards to loan originations. The Company typically sells a portion of residential real estate mortgage originations into the secondary market. The ratio of the sales of originations to total originations tends to fluctuate from period to period, although this ratio has generally declined somewhat in recent periods.
Liquidity and Access to Credit Markets: The Company has not experienced any liquidity problems or special concerns thus far in 2018, or in any prior years back to and during the financial crisis. The terms of the Company's line of credit with a correspondent bank, the FHLBNY and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York have not changed significantly in recent periods (see the general liquidity discussion on page 60). Historically, the Company has principally relied on asset-based liquidity (i.e., funds in overnight investments and cash flow from maturing investments and loans) with liability-based liquidity as a secondary source of funds (the main liability-based sources are an overnight borrowing arrangement with a correspondent bank, an arrangement for overnight borrowing and term credit advances from the FHLBNY, and an additional arrangement for short-term advances at the Federal Reserve Bank discount window). Regular liquidity stress tests and tests of the contingent liquidity plan are performed to ensure that an adequate amount of available funds can be generated to meet a wide variety of potential liquidity crises, including a severe crisis.
Visa Class B Common Stock: Arrow's subsidiary bank, Glens Falls National Bank, like other Visa member banks, bears some indirect contingent liability for Visa's direct liability arising out of certain antitrust claims involving merchant discounts to the extent that Visa's liability might exceed the amount funded in their litigation escrow account. On September 18, 2018, Visa issued a press release announcing that they and other defendants entered into a settlement agreement with class plaintiffs in the related litigation case, and they expect the damage class plaintiffs to file a motion for preliminary approval of the settlement with the court. If the settlement is approved and the balance in the litigation escrow account is sufficient to cover the litigation claims and related expenses, Arrow could
# 48

potentially realize a gain on the receipt of Visa Class A common stock. At September 30, 2018, Arrow held 27,771 shares of Visa Class B common stock, and utilizing the conversion ratio to Class A common stock at that time, these Class B shares would convert to 45,000 shares of Visa Class A common stock. Since the litigation settlement is not certain, the Company does not recognize any economic value for these shares.
# 49

CHANGE IN FINANCIAL CONDITION
Summary of Selected Consolidated Balance Sheet Data
(Dollars in Thousands)

| September 30, 2018 |  | At Period-End December 31, 2017 |  | September 30, 2017 |  | $ Change From December |  | $ Change From September |  | % Change From December (not annualized) |  | % Change From September
Interest-Bearing Bank Balances | $ | 34,910 |  |  | $ | 30,276 |  |  | $ | 24,983 |  |  | $ | 4,634 |  |  | $ | 9,927 |  |  | 15.3 | % |  | 39.7 | %
Securities Available-for-Sale | 340,411 |  |  | 300,200 |  |  | 315,459 |  |  | 40,211 |  |  | 24,952 |  |  | 13.4 | % |  | 7.9 | %
Securities Held-to-Maturity | 289,952 |  |  | 335,907 |  |  | 341,526 |  |  | (45,955 | ) |  | (51,574 | ) |  | (13.7 | )% |  | (15.1 | )%
Equity Securities (1) | 1,916 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,916 |  |  | 1,916 |  |  |  |  |
Loans (2) | 2,126,100 |  |  | 1,950,770 |  |  | 1,908,799 |  |  | 175,330 |  |  | 217,301 |  |  | 9.0 | % |  | 11.4 | %
Allowance for Loan Losses | 20,003 |  |  | 18,586 |  |  | 17,695 |  |  | 1,417 |  |  | 2,308 |  |  | 7.6 | % |  | 13.0 | %
Earning Assets (2) | 2,804,155 |  |  | 2,627,102 |  |  | 2,597,471 |  |  | 177,053 |  |  | 206,684 |  |  | 6.7 | % |  | 8.0 | %
Total Assets | $ | 2,953,220 |  |  | $ | 2,760,465 |  |  | $ | 2,744,462 |  |  | $ | 192,755 |  |  | $ | 208,758 |  |  | 7.0 | % |  | 7.6 | %
Noninterest-Bearing Deposits | $ | 490,469 |  |  | $ | 441,945 |  |  | $ | 448,515 |  |  | $ | 48,524 |  |  | $ | 41,954 |  |  | 11.0 | % |  | 9.4 | %
Interest-Bearing Checking Accounts | 899,547 |  |  | 907,315 |  |  | 967,250 |  |  | (7,768 | ) |  | (67,703 | ) |  | (0.9 | )% |  | (7.0 | )%
Savings Deposits | 758,727 |  |  | 694,573 |  |  | 696,805 |  |  | 64,154 |  |  | 61,922 |  |  | 9.2 | % |  | 8.9 | %
Time Deposits over $250,000 | 76,226 |  |  | 38,147 |  |  | 28,464 |  |  | 38,079 |  |  | 47,762 |  |  | 99.8 | % |  | 167.8 | %
Other Time Deposits | 182,886 |  |  | 163,136 |  |  | 166,082 |  |  | 19,750 |  |  | 16,804 |  |  | 12.1 | % |  | 10.1 | %
Total Deposits | $ | 2,407,855 |  |  | $ | 2,245,116 |  |  | $ | 2,307,116 |  |  | $ | 162,739 |  |  | $ | 100,739 |  |  | 7.2 | % |  | 4.4 | %
Federal Funds Purchased and Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase | $ | 62,503 |  |  | $ | 64,966 |  |  | $ | 61,419 |  |  | $ | (2,463 | ) |  | $ | 1,084 |  |  | (3.8 | )% |  | 1.8 | %
FHLBNY Advances - Overnight | 131,000 |  |  | 105,000 |  |  | 33,000 |  |  | 26,000 |  |  | 98,000 |  |  | 24.8 | % |  | 297.0 | %
FHLBNY Advances - Term | 45,000 |  |  | 55,000 |  |  | 55,000 |  |  | (10,000 | ) |  | (10,000 | ) |  | (18.2 | )% |  | (18.2 | )%
Junior Subordinated Obligations Issued to Unconsolidated Subsidiary Trusts | 20,000 |  |  | 20,000 |  |  | 20,000 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — | % |  | — | %
Stockholders' Equity | 264,810 |  |  | 249,603 |  |  | 244,648 |  |  | 15,207 |  |  | 20,162 |  |  | 6.1 | % |  | 8.2 | %

(1) Equity Securities were included in Securities Available-for-Sale prior to the January 1, 2018 adoption of ASU 2016-01.
(2) Includes Nonaccrual Loans.
Municipal Deposits: Fluctuations in balances of interest-bearing checking accounts are largely the result of municipal deposit fluctuations. Municipal deposits on average represent 22% to 32% of total deposits. Municipal deposits are typically placed in interest-bearing checking and savings accounts, as well as various time deposits.
In general, there is a seasonal pattern to municipal deposits which dip to a low point in August each year. Account balances tend to increase throughout the fall and into early winter from tax deposits, flatten out after the beginning of the ensuing calendar year, and increase again at the end of March from the electronic deposit of NYS Aid payments to school districts. In addition to these seasonal fluctuations within types of accounts, the overall level of municipal deposit balances fluctuates from year-to-year as some municipalities move their accounts in and out of the Company's banks due to competitive factors. Often, the balances of municipal deposits at the end of a quarter are not representative of the average balances for that quarter.
If in the future, interest rates begin to rise significantly or the competition for municipal deposits otherwise becomes more intense, the Company may be forced to pay higher rates on such deposits above its normal rates or municipal deposit levels may decrease if competitive rates exceed what the Company offers.
Changes in Sources of Funds: Total deposits increased $162.7 million, or 7.2%, from December 31, 2017 to September 30, 2018 mainly due to the following: the $48.5 million increase in Non-Interest Bearing Deposits was from personal and business deposits; the $64.2 million increase in Savings Deposits, which was mainly due to the use of brokered deposits beginning in the first quarter of 2018 to diversify balance sheet funding and an increase in business money market savings balances; and the $38.1 million increase in Time Deposits over $250,000 which was due to certain municipal and non-municipal customers seeking a higher return on their deposit balances as compared to the rates on non-maturity deposits. At September 30, 2018, term advances from the FHLBNY were $45 million, reflecting the non-renewal of a $10 million advance that matured during the first quarter of 2018.
Changes in Earning Assets: The loan portfolio at September 30, 2018, was $2.1 billion, an increase of $175.3 million, or 9.0%, from the December 31, 2017 level and up by $217.3 million, or 11.4%, from the September 30, 2017 level. The following trends were experienced in our four largest segments:

1. | Commercial loans. This segment of the loan portfolio decreased by $2.1 million, or 1.7%, during the first nine months of 2018, which was due to loan prepayments.

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2. Commercial real estate loans. This segment of the loan portfolio increased by $25.9 million, or 5.8%, during the first nine months of 2018, representing the continued strong demand for such loans.

3. | Consumer loans (primarily automobile loans through indirect lending). As of September 30, 2018, these loans, primarily auto loans, increased by $91.4 million, or 15.2%, from the December 31, 2017 balance, reflecting a continuation of strong demand for new and used vehicles region-wide and an expansion of our dealer network for indirect lending.

4. Residential real estate loans. This segment increased during the first nine months of 2018 by $60.2 million, or 7.8%. Fewer residential mortgage loans originated during the 2018 period were sold to the secondary market than in the 2017 period due to rising residential mortgage interest rates experienced thus far in 2018.
Deposit Trends
The following tables provide information on trends in the balance and mix of our deposit portfolio by presenting, for each of the last five quarters, the quarterly average balances by deposit type and the percentage of total deposits represented by each deposit type. Noninterest-bearing deposit balances remained consistent for the quarters ended September 30, 2017 through June 30, 2018, and increased in the quarter ended September 30, 2018 due to increases in business customer deposits. The volatility in interest-bearing checking account balances was a result of the seasonality in municipal deposits. The increase in savings deposits in the quarters ended March 31 and June 30, 2018 were mainly due to the $45 million of brokered deposits obtained in the first quarter of 2018. The increase in Time Deposits over $250,000 and in Other Time Deposits beginning in the first quarter of 2018 was due to the increase in the market rates of time deposits as compared to non-maturity deposits. The increase in Time Deposits over $250,000 in the quarter ended June 30, 2018 was from municipal deposits, which decreased in the next quarter. If and to the extent that interest rates and corresponding deposit rates across all maturities continue to increase in future periods, we would expect to see further growth in time deposits.
Quarterly Average Deposit Balances
(Dollars in Thousands)

| Quarter Ended
| 9/30/2018 |  | 6/30/2018 |  | 3/31/2018 |  | 12/31/2017 |  | 9/30/2017
Noninterest-bearing deposits | $ | 483,089 |  |  | $ | 444,854 |  |  | $ | 439,688 |  |  | $ | 441,761 |  |  | $ | 443,840 |
Interest-Bearing Checking Accounts | 801,193 |  |  | 866,996 |  |  | 914,116 |  |  | 945,414 |  |  | 869,748 |
Savings Deposits | 744,808 |  |  | 750,352 |  |  | 723,660 |  |  | 701,694 |  |  | 682,347 |
Time Deposits over $250,000 | 75,888 |  |  | 96,580 |  |  | 63,406 |  |  | 32,430 |  |  | 31,067 |
Other Time Deposits | 174,731 |  |  | 166,420 |  |  | 164,866 |  |  | 162,907 |  |  | 166,776 |
Total Deposits | $ | 2,279,709 |  |  | $ | 2,325,202 |  |  | $ | 2,305,736 |  |  | $ | 2,284,206 |  |  | $ | 2,193,778 |

Percentage of Total Quarterly Average Deposits

| Quarter Ended
| 9/30/2018 |  | 6/30/2018 |  | 3/31/2018 |  | 12/31/2017 |  | 9/30/2017
Noninterest-bearing deposits | 21.2 | % |  | 19.1 | % |  | 19.1 | % |  | 19.3 | % |  | 20.2 | %
Interest-Bearing Checking Accounts | 35.1 |  |  | 37.3 |  |  | 39.6 |  |  | 41.4 |  |  | 39.6 |
Savings Deposits | 32.7 |  |  | 32.2 |  |  | 31.4 |  |  | 30.8 |  |  | 31.2 |
Time Deposits over $250,000 | 3.3 |  |  | 4.2 |  |  | 2.7 |  |  | 1.4 |  |  | 1.4 |
Other Time Deposits | 7.7 |  |  | 7.2 |  |  | 7.2 |  |  | 7.1 |  |  | 7.6 |
Total Deposits | 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | %

Quarterly Cost of Deposits

| Quarter Ended
| 9/30/2018 |  | 6/30/2018 |  | 3/31/2018 |  | 12/31/2017 |  | 9/30/2017
Noninterest-bearing deposits | — | % |  | — | % |  | — | % |  | — | % |  | — | %
Interest-Bearing Checking Accounts | 0.19 |  |  | 0.18 |  |  | 0.17 |  |  | 0.18 |  |  | 0.17 |
Savings Deposits | 0.48 |  |  | 0.38 |  |  | 0.29 |  |  | 0.23 |  |  | 0.21 |
Time Deposits over $250,000 | 1.57 |  |  | 1.36 |  |  | 1.30 |  |  | 1.17 |  |  | 0.84 |
Other Time Deposits | 0.84 |  |  | 0.68 |  |  | 0.64 |  |  | 0.60 |  |  | 0.57 |
Total Deposits | 0.34 |  |  | 0.29 |  |  | 0.24 |  |  | 0.20 |  |  | 0.19 |

During the quarter ended September 30, 2018, the total cost of deposits continued to increase as market rates increased, including the cost of Savings Deposits and both categories of Time Deposits. Savings and time deposit customers are seeking a higher rate of return in this environment of rising rates. Given the uncertainty surrounding the future of interest rates, the Company is unable to predict at this time what the short- or long-term effect of the Federal Reserve’s interest rate policy may be.
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Non-Deposit Sources of Funds
The Company's other sources of funds include securities sold under agreements to repurchase, overnight advances and term advances from the FHLBNY. The securities sold under agreements to repurchase are short-term in nature and are collateralized by investment securities. The term advances from the FHLBNY are fixed rate non-callable advances with original maturities of three to five years.
Arrow no longer relies on TRUPs as a source of new funds. As a result of the passage of the Dodd-Frank Act in 2010 and its removal of Tier 1 regulatory capital treatment for TRUPs issued after the Act's grandfathering date, the Company, like other banking organizations of Arrow's size or larger, have not issued any TRUPs since that date and are not likely to issue any TRUPs in the future. However, consistent with the grandfathering provision in Dodd-Frank, the $20 million principal amount of Junior Subordinated Obligations Issued to Unconsolidated Subsidiary Trusts listed on the consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2018 will, subject to certain limits, continue to qualify as Tier 1 regulatory capital for Arrow until such TRUPs mature or are redeemed. This is further discussed under "Capital Resources" beginning on page 58 of this Report. These trust preferred securities are subject to early redemption by the Company if the proceeds cease to qualify as Tier 1 capital of Arrow for any reason, or if any of certain other unanticipated but negative events should occur. An example is any adverse change in tax laws that might deny the Company the ability to deduct interest paid on these obligations for federal income tax purposes.
Loan Trends
The following two tables present, for each of the last five quarters, the quarterly average balances by loan type and the percentage of total loans represented by each loan type. For purposes of the following tables only, Home Equity loans have been separately disclosed from Residential Real Estate loans (they are otherwise included in a single category in this Report). Commercial Loans and Commercial Real Estate Loans have been combined into a single category (they are treated as separate categories in other sections of this Report). Over the last five quarters, the average balances for Commercial and Commercial Real Estate, Residential Real Estate and Consumer Loans have steadily increased, although at different rates. Average balances for Home Equity Loans have shown a slight contraction during the quarters ended June 30 and September 30, 2018.
Quarterly Average Loan Balances
(Dollars in Thousands)

| Quarter Ended
| 9/30/2018 |  | 6/30/2018 |  | 3/31/2018 |  | 12/31/2017 |  | 9/30/2017
Commercial and Commercial Real Estate | $ | 577,793 |  |  | $ | 576,311 |  |  | $ | 569,126 |  |  | $ | 564,073 |  |  | $ | 561,260 |
Residential Real Estate | 640,277 |  |  | 616,519 |  |  | 600,076 |  |  | 584,981 |  |  | 563,793 |
Home Equity | 134,644 |  |  | 137,182 |  |  | 139,109 |  |  | 137,975 |  |  | 137,251 |
Consumer Loans | 736,937 |  |  | 696,585 |  |  | 662,929 |  |  | 643,562 |  |  | 630,462 |
Total Loans | $ | 2,089,651 |  |  | $ | 2,026,597 |  |  | $ | 1,971,240 |  |  | $ | 1,930,591 |  |  | $ | 1,892,766 |

Percentage of Total Quarterly Average Loans

| Quarter Ended
| 9/30/2018 |  | 6/30/2018 |  | 3/31/2018 |  | 12/31/2017 |  | 9/30/2017
Commercial and Commercial Real Estate | 27.7 | % |  | 28.4 | % |  | 28.9 | % |  | 29.2 | % |  | 29.7 | %
Residential Real Estate | 30.7 |  |  | 30.5 |  |  | 30.5 |  |  | 30.3 |  |  | 29.8 |
Home Equity | 6.4 |  |  | 6.8 |  |  | 7.1 |  |  | 7.1 |  |  | 7.3 |
Consumer Loans | 35.2 |  |  | 34.3 |  |  | 33.5 |  |  | 33.4 |  |  | 33.2 |
Total Loans | 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | %

Maintenance of High Quality in the Loan Portfolio: In the first nine months of 2018, there were not any significant fluctuations in the quality of the loan portfolio or any segment thereof. In general, residential real estate loans have historically been underwritten to secondary market standards for prime loans and the Company has not engaged in subprime mortgage lending as a business line. Similarly, high underwriting standards have been applied to commercial and commercial real estate lending operations and generally in the indirect (automobile) lending program as well. The Company has occasionally made loans, including indirect loans, to borrowers having FICO scores below the highest credit quality classifications. The Company has also made extensions of credit to existing borrowers who have developed credit problems after origination resulting in deterioration of their FICO scores.
Residential Real Estate Loans: In recent years, residential real estate and home equity loans have represented the largest single segment of the total loan portfolio. Gross originations for residential real estate loans (including refinancings of mortgage loans) for the first nine months of 2018 were $103.8 million. Origination totals exceeded the sum of cash flows received from borrowers in the third quarter and the Company has also sold portions of these originations in the secondary market. In the first nine months of 2018, the Company sold $3.5 million, or 3.4%, of originations. In the first nine months of 2017, $13.7 million, or 9.0%, of our originations were sold at a higher premium. The Company expects to continue to sell a portion of mortgage loan originations in upcoming periods, although perhaps a decreasing percentage of overall originations if rates continue their slow rise across longer maturities. At the same time, if prevailing rates rise substantially, there may be a slowdown in loan growth and perhaps decreasing total originations, particularly if the general economy also falters. At some point, it is possible that the Company may experience a decrease in outstanding loan balances in this largest segment
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of the loan portfolio. Additionally, if the local economy or real estate market should suffer a major downturn, the quality of the real estate portfolio may also be negatively impacted.
Commercial Loans and Commercial Real Estate Loans: For the first nine months of 2018, combined commercial and commercial real estate loan originations continued to increase.
Substantially all commercial and commercial real estate loans in the loan portfolio were extended to businesses or borrowers located in the Company's regional markets. Many of the loans in the commercial portfolio have variable rates tied to prime or FHLBNY rates.
Although demand has been steady, it is possible that demand for commercial and commercial real estate loans may generally weaken in upcoming periods and/or that the quality of this segment of the portfolio may experience stress in upcoming periods. This is particularly likely if the ultimate effect of the Fed's current rate hike program triggers a significant and long-lasting increase in prevailing interest rates for medium- or long-term credits. Generally, the business sector in the Company's service area, appeared to be in reasonably good financial condition at period-end.
Consumer Loans (primarily automobile loans through indirect lending): At September 30, 2018, automobile loans (primarily loans originated through dealerships located in upstate New York and Vermont) represented the second largest category of loans in the loan portfolio, and continued to be a significant component of business comprising almost a third of the total loan portfolio.
New automobile loan volume for the first nine months of 2018 remained strong, at $291.8 million, up from the $234.6 million originated in the first nine months of 2017. As a result of these originations, the quarterly average balance of our consumer loan portfolio at September 30, 2018 grew by $93 million, or 14.5% from our quarterly average balance at December 31, 2017.
For credit quality purposes, the Company assigns potential automobile loan customers into one of four tiers, ranging from lower to higher quality in terms of anticipated credit risk. The Company's lending staff not only utilizes credit evaluation software tools but also reviews and evaluates each loan individually and believes that a disciplined approach to evaluating risk has contributed to maintaining the strong loan quality in this segment of our portfolio.
Recently, market data has suggested that auto loan demand is weakening somewhat on a national scale, although not in every market area. The average maturity for automobile loan originations has expanded in recent years. If there is some weakening in auto demand in the Company's service area, there may be limited, if any, overall growth in this segment of the loan portfolio in upcoming periods. As in the other segments, any substantial increase in prevailing interest rates in upcoming periods, presumably in response to the Fed's rate rise program, would likely have some negative impact on loan originations. The same also may occur if economic conditions in the Company's indirect loan service area should generally weaken in upcoming periods.
The following table indicates the annualized tax-equivalent yield of each loan category for the past five quarters.
Quarterly Taxable Equivalent Yield on Loans

| Quarter Ended
| 9/30/2018 |  | 6/30/2018 |  | 3/31/2018 |  | 12/31/2017 |  | 9/30/2017
Commercial and Commercial Real Estate | 4.42 | % |  | 4.47 | % |  | 4.38 | % |  | 4.36 | % |  | 4.32 | %
Residential Real Estate | 4.05 | % |  | 4.06 | % |  | 4.09 | % |  | 3.99 | % |  | 3.98 | %
Home Equity | 4.13 | % |  | 3.93 | % |  | 3.70 | % |  | 3.57 | % |  | 3.55 | %
Consumer Loans | 3.52 | % |  | 3.44 | % |  | 3.34 | % |  | 3.29 | % |  | 3.23 | %
Total Loans | 3.97 | % |  | 3.96 | % |  | 3.90 | % |  | 3.83 | % |  | 3.80 | %

The average yield in the total loan portfolio during the third quarter of 2018 increased compared to the average yield during the third quarter of 2017. For the quarter, yields on all loan types increased in comparison to the comparable quarter of 2017 with the largest increase being in the home equity portfolio mainly because many of these loans have a variable rate tied to the prime rate.
Regardless of the future direction or magnitude of changes in prevailing interest rates, such changes will ultimately have an impact on the yield on the loan portfolio and the impact of such changes which will be dependent on many factors including the makeup of the loan portfolio, the shape of the yield curve, consumer expectations and preferences, and the rate at which the portfolio expands.
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Investment Portfolio Trends
The table below presents the changes in the period-end balances for available-for-sale, held-to-maturity and equity securities from December 31, 2017 to September 30, 2018 (in thousands).
The slight reduction in the portfolios on a combined basis during the period reflected the Company's continued strategy in recent years to reallocate earning assets from investment securities to higher yielding loans to maximize earning asset yields.

| (Dollars in Thousands)
| Fair Value at Period-End |  | Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) For Period Ended
| 9/30/2018 |  | 12/31/2017 |  | Change |  | 9/30/2018 |  | 12/31/2017 |  | Change
Securities Available-for-Sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Agency Securities | $ | 59,602 |  |  | $ | 59,894 |  |  | $ | (292 | ) |  | $ | (533 | ) |  | $ | (434 | ) |  | $ | (99 | )
State and Municipal Obligations | 2,548 |  |  | 10,349 |  |  | (7,801 | ) |  | 3 |  |  | (2 | ) |  | 5 |
Mortgage-Backed Securities | 277,461 |  |  | 227,596 |  |  | 49,865 |  |  | (6,775 | ) |  | (1,481 | ) |  | (5,294 | )
Corporate and Other Debt Securities | 800 |  |  | 800 |  |  | — |  |  | (200 | ) |  | (200 | ) |  | — |
Equity Securities 1 | — |  |  | 1,561 |  |  | (1,561 | ) |  | — |  |  | 441 |  |  | (441 | )
Total | $ | 340,411 |  |  | $ | 300,200 |  |  | $ | 40,211 |  |  | $ | (7,505 | ) |  | $ | (1,676 | ) |  | $ | (5,829 | )
Securities Held-to-Maturity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
State and Municipal Obligations | $ | 233,557 |  |  | $ | 275,353 |  |  | $ | (41,796 | ) |  | $ | (5,810 | ) |  | $ | (177 | ) |  | $ | (5,633 | )
Mortgage-Backed Securities | 49,162 |  |  | 60,548 |  |  | (11,386 | ) |  | (1,423 | ) |  | 171 |  |  | (1,594 | )
Total | $ | 282,719 |  |  | $ | 335,901 |  |  | $ | (53,182 | ) |  | $ | (7,233 | ) |  | $ | (6 | ) |  | $ | (7,227 | )
Equity Securities 1 | $ | 1,916 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,916 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |

Footnote:
1. Beginning January 1, 2018, upon adoption of ASU 2016-01, equity securities with readily determinable fair values are reported separately from Available-for-Sale securities.
At September 30, 2018, the Company held no investment securities in the securities portfolios that consisted of or included, directly or indirectly, obligations of foreign governments or governmental agencies of foreign issuers.
In the periods referenced above, Mortgage-Backed Securities consisted solely of mortgage pass-through securities and Collateralized Mortgage Obligations ("CMOs") issued or guaranteed by U.S. federal agencies. Mortgage pass-through securities provide to the investor monthly portions of principal and interest pursuant to the contractual obligations of the underlying mortgages. CMOs are pools of mortgage-backed securities, the repayments on which have generally been separated into two or more components (tranches), where each tranche has a separate estimated life and yield. Our practice has been to purchase only floating rate securities, pass-through securities and CMOs that are issued or guaranteed by U.S. federal agencies, and the tranches of CMOs that we purchase generally are those having shorter average lives and/or durations.
Other-Than-Temporary Impairment
Each quarter all investment securities with a fair value less than amortized cost are evaluated in the available-for-sale portfolio, the held-to-maturity portfolio and the equity securities portfolio, to determine if there exists other-than-temporary impairment for any such security as defined under generally accepted accounting principles. There were no other-than-temporary impairment losses in the first nine months of 2018.
Change in Net Unrealized Securities Gains (Losses): Nearly all of the change in our net unrealized gains or losses during recent periods has been attributable to changes in the market yields during the periods in question, with little or no change in the credit-worthiness of the issuers.
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Investment Sales, Purchases and Maturities
The following table summarizes sales of investment securities within the available-for-sale and held-to-maturity portfolios for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2018 and 2017.

| Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
Sales | 9/30/2018 |  | 9/30/2017 |  | 9/30/2018 |  | 9/30/2017
Available-For-Sale Portfolio: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Agency Securities | $ | — |  |  | $ | 10,005 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 10,005 |
Total | $ | — |  |  | $ | 10,005 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 10,005 |
Net Gains on Securities Transactions | — |  |  | 10 |  |  | — |  |  | 10 |
Proceeds on the Sales of Securities | $ | — |  |  | $ | 10,015 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 10,015 |

Investment yields in the debt markets experienced some volatility in 2017 and the first nine months of 2018. The Company regularly reviews its interest rate risk position along with security holdings to evaluate if market opportunities have arisen that may present an opportunity to reposition certain securities available-for-sale to enhance portfolio performance.
The following table summarizes purchases of investment securities within the available-for-sale and held-to-maturity portfolios for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, as well as proceeds from the maturity and calls of investment securities within each portfolio for the respective periods presented:

(In Thousands) | Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
Purchases: | 9/30/2018 |  | 9/30/2017 |  | 9/30/2018 |  | 9/30/2017
Available-for-Sale Portfolio |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury Securities | $ | — |  |  | $ | 10,179 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 10,179 |
Mortgage-Backed Securities | 28,148 |  |  | — |  |  | 84,746 |  |  | 12,324 |
Total Purchases | $ | 28,148 |  |  | $ | 10,179 |  |  | $ | 84,746 |  |  | $ | 22,503 |
Maturities & Calls | $ | 27,283 |  |  | $ | 11,750 |  |  | $ | 36,663 |  |  | $ | 43,617 |

| Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
Purchases: | 9/30/2018 |  | 9/30/2017 |  | 9/30/2018 |  | 9/30/2017
Held-to-Maturity Portfolio |  |  |  |  |  |  |
State and Municipal Obligations | $ | 2,401 |  |  | $ | 2,583 |  |  | $ | 4,506 |  |  | $ | 36,018 |
Total Purchases | $ | 2,401 |  |  | $ | 2,583 |  |  | $ | 4,506 |  |  | $ | 36,018 |
Maturities & Calls | $ | 10,105 |  |  | $ | 8,800 |  |  | $ | 49,721 |  |  | $ | 39,062 |

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Asset Quality
The following table presents information related to our allowance and provision for loan losses for the past five quarters.
Summary of the Allowance and Provision for Loan Losses
(Dollars in Thousands, Loans Stated Net of Unearned Income)

| 9/30/2018 |  | 6/30/2018 |  | 3/31/2018 |  | 12/31/2017 |  | 9/30/2017
Loan Balances: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Period-End Loans | $ | 2,126,100 |  |  | $ | 2,057,862 |  |  | $ | 1,993,037 |  |  | $ | 1,950,770 |  |  | $ | 1,908,799 |
Average Loans, Year-to-Date | 2,029,597 |  |  | 1,999,072 |  |  | 1,971,240 |  |  | 1,862,247 |  |  | 1,839,216 |
Average Loans, Quarter-to-Date | 2,089,651 |  |  | 2,026,598 |  |  | 1,971,240 |  |  | 1,930,590 |  |  | 1,892,766 |
Period-End Assets | 2,953,220 |  |  | 2,845,171 |  |  | 2,826,687 |  |  | 2,760,465 |  |  | 2,744,462 |
Allowance for Loan Losses, Year-to-Date: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Allowance for Loan Losses, Beginning of Period | $ | 18,586 |  |  | $ | 18,586 |  |  | $ | 18,586 |  |  | $ | 17,012 |  |  | $ | 17,012 |
Provision for Loan Losses, YTD | 1,961 |  |  | 1,375 |  |  | 746 |  |  | 2,736 |  |  | 1,580 |
Loans Charged-off, YTD | (960 | ) |  | (634 | ) |  | (370 | ) |  | (1,559 | ) |  | (1,197 | )
Recoveries of Loans Previously Charged-off | 416 |  |  | 313 |  |  | 95 |  |  | 397 |  |  | 300 |
Net Charge-offs, YTD | (544 | ) |  | (321 | ) |  | (275 | ) |  | (1,162 | ) |  | (897 | )
Allowance for Loan Losses, End of Period | $ | 20,003 |  |  | $ | 19,640 |  |  | $ | 19,057 |  |  | $ | 18,586 |  |  | $ | 17,695 |
Allowance for Loan Losses, Quarter-to-Date: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Allowance for Loan Losses, Beginning of Period | $ | 19,640 |  |  | $ | 19,057 |  |  | $ | 18,586 |  |  | $ | 17,695 |  |  | $ | 17,442 |
Provision for Loan Losses, QTD | 586 |  |  | 629 |  |  | 746 |  |  | 1,157 |  |  | 800 |
Loans Charged-off, QTD | (325 | ) |  | (264 | ) |  | (370 | ) |  | (363 | ) |  | (622 | )
Recoveries of Loans Previously Charged-off | 102 |  |  | 218 |  |  | 95 |  |  | 97 |  |  | 75 |
Net Charge-offs, QTD | (223 | ) |  | (46 | ) |  | (275 | ) |  | (266 | ) |  | (547 | )
Allowance for Loan Losses, End of Period | $ | 20,003 |  |  | $ | 19,640 |  |  | $ | 19,057 |  |  | $ | 18,586 |  |  | $ | 17,695 |
Nonperforming Assets, at Period-End: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Nonaccrual Loans | $ | 4,468 |  |  | $ | 3,880 |  |  | $ | 4,470 |  |  | $ | 5,526 |  |  | $ | 5,482 |
Loans Past Due 90 or More Days and Still Accruing Interest | 1,172 |  |  | 170 |  |  | — |  |  | 319 |  |  | 967 |
Restructured and in Compliance with Modified Terms | 115 |  |  | 106 |  |  | 100 |  |  | 105 |  |  | 828 |
Total Nonperforming Loans | 5,755 |  |  | 4,156 |  |  | 4,570 |  |  | 5,950 |  |  | 7,277 |
Repossessed Assets | 47 |  |  | 76 |  |  | 120 |  |  | 109 |  |  | 62 |
Other Real Estate Owned | 1,173 |  |  | 1,412 |  |  | 1,525 |  |  | 1,738 |  |  | 1,651 |
Total Nonperforming Assets | $ | 6,975 |  |  | $ | 5,644 |  |  | $ | 6,215 |  |  | $ | 7,797 |  |  | $ | 8,990 |
Asset Quality Ratios: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Allowance to Nonperforming Loans | 347.58 | % |  | 472.57 | % |  | 417.00 | % |  | 312.37 | % |  | 243.16 | %
Allowance to Period-End Loans | 0.94 | % |  | 0.95 | % |  | 0.96 | % |  | 0.95 | % |  | 0.93 | %
Provision to Average Loans (Quarter) (1) | 0.11 | % |  | 0.12 | % |  | 0.15 | % |  | 0.24 | % |  | 0.17 | %
Provision to Average Loans (YTD) (1) | 0.13 | % |  | 0.14 | % |  | 0.15 | % |  | 0.15 | % |  | 0.11 | %
Net Charge-offs to Average Loans (Quarter) (1) | 0.04 | % |  | 0.01 | % |  | 0.06 | % |  | 0.05 | % |  | 0.11 | %
Net Charge-offs to Average Loans (YTD) (1) | 0.04 | % |  | 0.03 | % |  | 0.06 | % |  | 0.06 | % |  | 0.07 | %
Nonperforming Loans to Total Loans | 0.27 | % |  | 0.20 | % |  | 0.23 | % |  | 0.31 | % |  | 0.38 | %
Nonperforming Assets to Total Assets | 0.24 | % |  | 0.20 | % |  | 0.22 | % |  | 0.28 | % |  | 0.33 | %
(1) Annualized |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

Provision for Loan Losses
Through the provision for loan losses, an allowance is maintained that reflects the Company's best estimate of probable incurred loan losses related to specifically identified impaired loans as well as the inherent risk of loss related to the remaining portfolio. Loan charge-offs are recorded to this allowance when loans are deemed uncollectible, in whole or in part. As loans become past due, consideration is given to the status of those loans and whether or not to classify them as nonaccrual loans. Any loans listed as "past due 90 or more days and still accruing interest" have been evaluated and the borrowers have been deemed to have the capacity to repay all principal and interest and, therefore, have not been classified as nonaccrual.
In the third quarter of 2018, the Company made a $586 thousand provision for loan losses, compared to a provision of $800 thousand for the third quarter of 2017 and a provision of $629 thousand for the second quarter of 2018. The provision expense was largely driven by growth in outstanding loan balances. Additional items impacting the provision included changes to qualitative factors
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that reflect management’s view on current economic and market risks, and net charge-offs of $223 thousand. See Note 3 to the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements for a discussion on how the Company classifies credit quality indicators as well as the balance in each category.
The ratio of the allowance for loan losses to total loans was 0.94% at September 30, 2018, a decrease from 0.95% at December 31, 2017 and an increase of 1 basis point from 0.93% at September 30, 2017.
The accounting policy relating to the allowance for loan losses is considered to be a critical accounting policy, given the uncertainty involved in evaluating the level of the allowance required to cover credit losses inherent in the loan portfolio, and the material effect that such judgments may have on our results of operations. The process for determining the provision for loan losses is described in Note 3 to the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements.
Risk Elements
Nonperforming assets at September 30, 2018 amounted to $7.0 million, a decrease of $0.8 million, from the December 31, 2017 total and a decrease of $2.0 million, from the year earlier total. For the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, ratios of nonperforming assets to total assets have remained below the average ratios for the peer group, although the average peer group ratios have improved dramatically in recent years. (See page 39 for a discussion of the peer group.) At June 30, 2018, the ratio of loans past due 90 or more days plus nonaccrual loans plus other real estate owned to total assets was 0.19%, well below the 0.59% ratio of the peer group at such date (the latest date for which peer group information is available). At September 30, 2018 the ratio is 0.24%, which is below the most recent ratio for the peer group.
The following table presents the balance of other non-current loans at period-end as to which interest income was being accrued (i.e. loans 30 to 89 days past due, as defined in bank regulatory guidelines). These non-current loans are not included in nonperforming assets, but entail heightened risk.

Loans Past Due 30-89 Days and Accruing Interest ($ in 000's)
| 9/30/2018 |  | 12/31/2017 |  | 9/30/2017
Commercial Loans | $ | 198 |  |  | $ | 158 |  |  | $ | 122 |
Commercial Real Estate Loans | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Residential Real Estate Loans | 2,663 |  |  | 1,696 |  |  | 1,063 |
Consumer Loans - Primarily Indirect Automobile | 6,863 |  |  | 7,064 |  |  | 5,615 |
Total Loans Past Due 30-89 Days and Accruing Interest | $ | 9,724 |  |  | $ | 8,918 |  |  | $ | 6,800 |

At September 30, 2018, the loans in this category totaled $9.7 million, an increase of $0.8 million, or 9.0%, from the $8.9 million of such loans at December 31, 2017. The September 30, 2018 total of non-current loans equaled 0.46% of loans then outstanding, unchanged from the year-end 2017 percentage and up from the September 30, 2017 level of 0.36%. The increase from December 31, 2017 is primarily attributable to an increase in delinquent automobile loans, which tend to reflect seasonally elevated levels in the second half of the year.
The number and dollar amount of performing loans that demonstrate characteristics of potential weakness from time-to-time (potential problem loans) typically is a very small percentage of our portfolio. See the table of Credit Quality Indicators in Note 3 to the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements. The Company considers all performing commercial and commercial real estate loans classified as substandard or lower (as reported in Note 3) to be potential problem loans. The dollar amount of such loans at September 30, 2018 was $31.95 million, up slightly from the dollar amount of such loans at December 31, 2017, when the amount was $29.66 million. These loans will continue to be closely monitored and the Company expects to collect all payments of contractual interest and principal in full on these classified loans. Total nonperforming assets at period-end decreased by $2.0 million, or 22.4% from September 30, 2017.
The economy in the Company's market area has been relatively strong in recent years, but any general weakening of the U.S. economy in upcoming periods would likely have an adverse effect on the economy in this market area as well, and ultimately on the loan portfolio, particularly the commercial and commercial real estate portfolio.
As of September 30, 2018, the Company held for sale two commercial properties in other real estate owned. The Company does not expect to acquire a significant number of other real estate properties in the near term as a result of payment defaults or the foreclosure process.
The Company does not currently anticipate significant increases in nonperforming assets, other non-current loans as to which interest income is still being accrued or potential problem loans, but can give no assurances in this regard.
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CAPITAL RESOURCES
Regulatory Capital Standards
Capital Adequacy Requirements. An important area of banking regulation is the federal banking system's promulgation and enforcement of minimum capitalization standards for banks and bank holding companies.
As reported in the Regulatory Reform section above, on May 24, 2018 the EGRRCPA financial reform bill was signed into law. This new law includes provisions requiring the federal bank regulatory agencies to establish a community bank leverage ratio of between 8% and 10%, calculated by dividing tangible equity capital by average total consolidated assets of "qualifying community banks" that meet certain requirements to be set by those regulatory agencies. A qualifying community bank is a depository institution or bank holding company with less than $10 billion in total assets, such as Arrow. If a qualifying community bank exceeds the community bank leverage ratio, it will be deemed to have met all applicable capital and leverage requirements, including the generally applicable leverage capital requirements and risk-based capital requirements and the "well capitalized" requirement under the federal "prompt corrective action" capital standards. Upon its implementation, this new community bank leverage ratio standard is expected to reduce the burden of compliance with regard to regulatory capital adequacy. However, the implementation of this standard will be subject to the notice and comment procedures of rulemaking, and EGRRCPA does not impose a deadline for this rulemaking. The federal bank regulators have announced their intention to initiate this rulemaking process to define and implement the "community bank leverage ratio" in the near future. Until this rulemaking is finalized, the following capital adequacy requirements, as implemented under Dodd Frank, are the applicable capital standards for the Company and its bank subsidiaries.
The following is a summary of certain definitions of capital under the various capital measures in the capital rules under Dodd-Frank:
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital (CET1): Equals the sum of common stock instruments and related surplus (net of treasury stock), retained earnings, accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI), and qualifying minority interests, minus applicable regulatory adjustments and deductions. Such deductions will include AOCI, if the organization has exercised its irrevocable option not to include AOCI in capital (we made such an election). Mortgage-servicing assets, deferred tax assets, and investments in financial institutions are limited to 15 percent of CET1 in the aggregate and 10 percent of CET1 for each such item individually.
Additional Tier 1 Capital: Equals the sum of noncumulative perpetual preferred stock, tier 1 minority interests, grandfathered TRUPs, and Troubled Asset Relief Program instruments, minus applicable regulatory adjustments and deductions.
Tier 2 Capital: Equals the sum of subordinated debt and preferred stock, total capital minority interests not included in Tier 1, and allowance for loan and lease losses (not exceeding 1.25% of risk-weighted assets) minus applicable regulatory adjustments and deductions.
The following table presents the current minimum regulatory capital ratios applicable to our holding company and banks under the revised capital rules (as of January 1, 2018), as well as the increased minimum capital ratios that will apply at certain dates over the remaining portion of the phase-in period (i.e., as of January 1, 2019):

Capital Ratio | Year, as of January 1
| 2018 | 2019
Minimum CET1 Ratio | 4.500 | % | 4.500 | %
Capital Conservation Buffer ("Buffer") | 1.875 | % | 2.500 | %
Minimum CET1 Ratio Plus Buffer | 6.375 | % | 7.000 | %
Minimum Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital Ratio | 6.000 | % | 6.000 | %
Minimum Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital Ratio Plus Buffer | 7.875 | % | 8.500 | %
Minimum Total Risk-Based Capital Ratio | 8.000 | % | 8.000 | %
Minimum Total Risk-Based Capital Ratio Plus Buffer | 9.875 | % | 10.500 | %
Minimum Leverage Ratio | 4.000 | % | 4.000 | %

These minimum capital ratios, especially the CET1 ratio (4.5%) and the enhanced Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio (6.0%), represent a heightened and more restrictive capital regime than institutions like Arrow previously had to meet under the prior capital rules.
At September 30, 2018, Arrow's holding company and both of its subsidiary banks exceeded by a substantial amount each of the applicable minimum capital ratios established under the revised capital rules, including the minimum CET1 Ratio, the minimum Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital Ratio, the minimum Total Risk-Based Capital Ratio, and the minimum Leverage Ratio, including in the case of each risk-based ratio, the phased-in portion of the capital buffer.
Prompt Corrective Action Capital Classifications. Under applicable banking law, federal banking regulators are required to take prompt corrective action with respect to depository institutions that do not meet certain minimum capital requirements. For these purposes, the regulators have established five capital classifications for banking institutions, ranging from the highest category of "well-capitalized" to the lowest category of "critically under-capitalized". Under the current capital classifications, a banking institution is considered "well-capitalized" if it meets the following capitalization standards on the date of measurement: a CET1 risk-based capital
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ratio of 6.50% or greater, a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 8.00% or greater, a total risk-based capital ratio of 10.00% or greater, and a Tier 1 leverage ratio of 5.00% or greater, provided the institution is not subject to any regulatory order or written directive regarding capital maintenance. Federal banking law also ties the ability of banking organizations to engage in certain types of activities and to utilize certain procedures to such organizations' continuing to qualify for inclusion in one of the two highest rankings of these capitalization categories, i.e., as "well-capitalized" or "adequately capitalized."
Current Capital Ratios: The table below sets forth the regulatory capital ratios of Arrow's holding company and two subsidiary banks, Glens Falls National and Saratoga National, under the current capital rules, as of September 30, 2018:

| Common |  | Tier 1 |  | Total |  |
| Equity |  | Risk-Based |  | Risk-Based |  | Tier 1
| Tier 1 Capital |  | Capital |  | Capital |  | Leverage
| Ratio |  | Ratio |  | Ratio |  | Ratio
Arrow Financial Corporation | 12.89 | % |  | 13.90 | % |  | 14.90 | % |  | 9.67 | %
Glens Falls National Bank & Trust Co. | 13.49 | % |  | 13.49 | % |  | 14.49 | % |  | 9.24 | %
Saratoga National Bank & Trust Co. | 13.02 | % |  | 13.02 | % |  | 14.04 | % |  | 9.53 | %
Current Regulatory Minimum (2018) | 6.375%(1) |  |  | 7.875%(1) |  |  | 9.875%(1) |  |  | 4.000 | %
FDICIA's Prompt Corrective Action - "Well-Capitalized" Standard (2018) | 6.500 | % |  | 8.000 | % |  | 10.000 | % |  | 5.000 | %
Final Regulatory Minimum (1/1/2019) | 7.000%(2) |  |  | 8.500%(2) |  |  | 10.500%(2) |  |  | 4.000 | %
(1) Including currently phased-in 1.875% capital conservation buffer
(2) Including the fully phased-in 2.50 % capital conservation buffer

At September 30, 2018, Arrow's holding company and both banks exceeded the minimum regulatory capital ratios established under the current capital rules and each also qualified as "well-capitalized", the highest category in the new capital classification scheme established by federal bank regulatory agencies under the "prompt corrective action" standards, as described above.
Capital Components; Stock Repurchases; Dividends
Stockholders' Equity: Stockholders' equity was $264.8 million at September 30, 2018, an increase of $15.2 million, or 6.1%, from December 31, 2017. This increase was the result of net income for the period of $27.5 million, and increases in book equity from various stock-based compensation and dividend reinvestment plans of $3.9 million. These equity enhancing developments during the quarter were offset by a decrease related to other comprehensive loss of $3.8 million, cash dividends of $10.6 million, and purchases of the Company's own common stock of $1.8 million under the Board-approved stock repurchase program described below.
Trust Preferred Securities: In each of 2003 and 2004, the Company issued $10 million of trust preferred securities (TRUPs) in a private placement. Under the Federal Reserve Board's regulatory capital rules then in effect, TRUPs proceeds typically qualified as Tier 1 capital for bank holding companies such as ours, but only in amounts up to 25% of Tier 1 capital, net of goodwill less any associated deferred tax liability. Under the Dodd-Frank Act, any trust preferred securities that Arrow might issue on or after the grandfathering date set forth in Dodd-Frank (May 19, 2010) would not qualify as Tier 1 capital under bank regulatory capital guidelines. TRUPs outstanding prior to the grandfathering cutoff date set forth in Dodd-Frank (May 19, 2010) would continue to qualify as Tier 1 capital until maturity or redemption, subject to limitations. Thus, Arrow's outstanding TRUPs continue to qualify as Tier 1 regulatory capital, subject to such limitations.
Stock Repurchase Program: In October 2017, the Board of Directors approved a $5.0 million stock repurchase program, effective January 1, 2018 (the 2018 stock repurchase program). Management is authorized, in its discretion, to repurchase from time-to-time during 2018, in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions, up to $5 million of Arrow common stock, to the extent management believes purchase of the Company's stock is an attractive use of available capital and in the best interests of stockholders. The 2018 stock repurchase program replaced a similar repurchase program which was in effect during 2017 (the 2017 stock repurchase program), which also authorized the repurchase of up to $5.0 million of Arrow common stock. As of September 30, 2018 approximately $595 thousand had been used under the 2018 stock repurchase program to repurchase Arrow shares. This total does not include repurchases of Arrow's Common Stock other than through its repurchase program, i.e., repurchases of Arrow shares on the market utilizing funds accumulated under Arrow's Dividend Reinvestment Plan and the surrender or deemed surrender of Arrow stock to the Company in connection with employees' stock-for-stock exercises of compensatory stock options to buy Arrow stock.
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Dividends: The Company's common stock is traded on NasdaqGS® under the symbol AROW. The high and low stock prices for the past seven quarters listed below represent actual sales transactions, as reported by NASDAQ. On October 31, 2018, the Board of Directors declared a 2018 fourth quarter cash dividend of $0.26 payable on December 14, 2018. Per share amounts in the following table have been restated for our September 27, 2018 3% stock dividend.

|  |  |  |  | Cash
| Market Price |  | Dividends
| Low |  | High |  | Declared
2017 |  |  |  |  |
First Quarter | $ | 30.87 |  |  | $ | 38.60 |  |  | $ | 0.236 |
Second Quarter | 29.27 |  |  | 33.93 |  |  | 0.236 |
Third Quarter | 28.94 |  |  | 33.98 |  |  | 0.236 |
Fourth Quarter | 32.52 |  |  | 37.48 |  |  | 0.243 |
2018 |  |  |  |  |
First Quarter | $ | 29.91 |  |  | $ | 34.53 |  |  | $ | 0.243 |
Second Quarter | 31.89 |  |  | 37.23 |  |  | 0.243 |
Third Quarter | 35.19 |  |  | 38.98 |  |  | 0.252 |
Fourth Quarter (dividend payable December 14, 2018) | TBD |  |  | TBD |  |  | 0.260 |

| Quarter Ended September 30,
| 2018 |  | 2017
Cash Dividends Per Share | $ | 0.252 |  |  | $ | 0.236 |
Diluted Earnings Per Share | 0.64 |  |  | 0.52 |
Dividend Payout Ratio | 39.38 | % |  | 45.38 | %
Total Equity (in thousands) | 264,810 |  |  | $ | 244,648 |
Shares Issued and Outstanding (in thousands) | 14,441 |  |  | 14,308 |
Book Value Per Share | $ | 18.34 |  |  | $ | 17.10 |
Intangible Assets (in thousands) | 23,827 |  |  | 24,268 |
Tangible Book Value Per Share | $ | 16.69 |  |  | $ | 15.40 |

LIQUIDITY
The objective of effective liquidity management is to ensure that the Company has the ability to raise cash when needed at a reasonable cost. This includes the capability of meeting expected and unexpected obligations to the Company's customers at any time. Given the uncertain nature of customer demands and the need to maximize earnings, the Company must have available reasonably priced sources of funds, both on- and off-balance sheet, that can be accessed quickly in time of need.
The primary sources of available liquidity are overnight investments in federal funds sold, interest bearing bank balances at the Federal Reserve Bank, and cash flow from investment securities and loans. Certain investment securities are selected at purchase as available-for-sale based on their marketability and collateral value, as well as their yield and maturity. The securities available-for-sale portfolio was $340.4 million at September 30, 2018, an increase of $40.2 million, from the year-end 2017 level. Due to the potential for volatility in market values, the Company may not always be able to sell securities on short notice at their carrying value, even to provide needed liquidity.
In addition to liquidity from short-term investments, investment securities and loans, the Company has supplemented available operating liquidity with additional off-balance sheet sources such as a federal funds lines of credit with one correspondent bank and credit lines with the FHLBNY. The federal funds line of credit is with a correspondent bank totaling $15 million which was not drawn on during the three months ended September 30, 2018.
To support the borrowing relationship with the FHLBNY, the Company has pledged collateral, including residential mortgage and home equity loans. At September 30, 2018, the Company had outstanding collateral obligations with the FHLBNY of $306 million; as of that date, the unused borrowing capacity at the FHLBNY was approximately $233 million. Brokered deposits have also been identified as an available source of funding accessible in a relatively short time period. At September 30, 2018, the balance of outstanding brokered deposits totaled $45 million. Also, the Company's two bank subsidiaries have each established a borrowing facility with the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, pledging certain consumer loans as collateral for potential "discount window" advances, which are maintained for contingency liquidity purposes. At September 30, 2018, the amount available under this facility was approximately $487 million, and there were no advances then outstanding.
The Company measures and monitors basic liquidity as a ratio of liquid assets to total short-term liabilities, both with and without the availability of borrowing arrangements. Based on the level of overnight funds investments, available liquidity from the investment securities portfolio, cash flows from the loan portfolio, the stable core deposit base and the significant borrowing capacity, the Company believes that the available liquidity is sufficient to meet all funding needs that may arise in connection with any reasonably likely events or occurrences. At September 30, 2018, the basic liquidity ratio, including the FHLBNY collateralized borrowing capacity, was 9.3% of total assets, or $158 million in excess of the internally-set minimum target ratio of 4%.
Because of its consistently favorable credit quality and strong balance sheet, the Company did not experience any significant liquidity constraints in the three-month period ended September 30, 2018 and did not experience any such constraints in recent prior years, back to and including the financial crisis years. The Company has not at any time during such period been forced to pay above-market rates to obtain retail deposits or other funds from any source.
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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 Compared With
Three Months Ended September 30, 2017
Summary of Earnings Performance
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)

| Quarter Ended |  |  |  |
| 9/30/2018 |  |  | 9/30/2017 |  | Change |  | % Change
Net Income | $ | 9,260 |  |  | $ | 7,416 |  |  | $ | 1,844 |  |  | 24.9 | %
Diluted Earnings Per Share | 0.64 |  |  | 0.52 |  |  | 0.12 |  |  | 23.1 | %
Return on Average Assets | 1.28 | % |  | 1.08 | % |  | 0.20 | % |  | 18.5 | %
Return on Average Equity | 13.96 | % |  | 12.07 | % |  | 1.89 | % |  | 15.7 | %

Net income was $9.3 million and diluted earnings per share (EPS) of $.64 for the third quarter of 2018, compared to net income of $7.4 million and diluted EPS of $.52 for the third quarter of 2017. Return on average assets (ROA) for the third quarter of 2018 was 1.28%, up 20 basis points from 1.08% in the third quarter of 2017. In addition, return on average equity (ROE) increased to 13.96% for the third quarter of 2018, up 189 basis points from 12.07% in the third quarter of 2017.
The following narrative discusses the quarter-to-quarter changes in net interest income, noninterest income, noninterest expense and income taxes.
Net Interest Income
Summary of Net Interest Income
(Dollars in Thousands)

| Quarter Ended |  |  |  |
| 9/30/2018 |  | 9/30/2017 |  | Change |  | % Change
Interest and Dividend Income | $ | 24,495 |  |  | $ | 21,599 |  |  | $ | 2,896 |  |  | 13.4 | %
Tax-Equivalent Adjustment | 376 |  |  | 966 |  |  | (590 | ) |  | (61.1 | )%
Interest and Dividend Income (Tax-equivalent) (2) | 24,871 |  |  | 22,565 |  |  | 2,306 |  |  | 10.2 | %
Interest Expense | 3,498 |  |  | 1,949 |  |  | 1,549 |  |  | 79.5 | %
Net Interest Income | 20,997 |  |  | 19,650 |  |  | 1,347 |  |  | 6.9 | %
Net Interest Income (Tax-equivalent) (2) | 21,373 |  |  | 20,616 |  |  | 757 |  |  | 3.7 | %
Average Earning Assets (1) | 2,757,020 |  |  | 2,597,277 |  |  | 159,743 |  |  | 6.2 | %
Average Interest-Bearing Liabilities | 2,110,924 |  |  | 2,012,802 |  |  | 98,122 |  |  | 4.9 | %
Yield on Earning Assets (1) | 3.52 | % |  | 3.30 | % |  | 0.22 | % |  | 6.7 | %
Yield on Earning Assets (Tax-equivalent) (1) (2) | 3.58 |  |  | 3.45 |  |  | 0.13 | % |  | 3.8 | %
Cost of Interest-Bearing Liabilities | 0.66 |  |  | 0.38 |  |  | 0.28 | % |  | 73.7 | %
Net Interest Spread | 2.86 |  |  | 2.92 |  |  | (0.06 | )% |  | (2.1 | )%
Net Interest Spread (Tax-equivalent) (2) | 2.92 |  |  | 3.07 |  |  | (0.15 | )% |  | (4.9 | )%
Net Interest Margin | 3.02 |  |  | 3.00 |  |  | 0.02 | % |  | 0.7 | %
Net Interest Margin (Tax-equivalent) (2) | 3.08 |  |  | 3.15 |  |  | (0.07 | )% |  | (2.2 | )%

(1) Includes Nonaccrual Loans.
(2) See "Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures" on page 40; reported on a fully taxable basis using a marginal federal tax rate of 35% for 2017, 21% for 2018.
Net interest income for the just completed quarter, on a GAAP basis, increased by $1.3 million, or 6.9%, from the third quarter of 2017, due, in part, to an increase in average earning assets of 6.2%, as compared to the 4.9% increase in average interest-bearing liabilities. In addition, net interest margin increased 2 basis points in the third quarter of 2018 to 3.02%, from 3.00% during the third quarter of 2017. The composition of average earning assets during the 2018 period includes more relatively higher yielding loans again this quarter, with less relatively lower yielding investment securities due to the strategy of not reinvesting a portion of the securities maturing during the quarter. Earning asset yields were 22 basis points higher in the 2018 quarter due to the continued increase in market yields and the higher composition of loans in earning assets. The cost of interest-bearing liabilities increased 28 basis points quarter over quarter due to rate-sensitive deposit customers continuing to reallocate their deposit investments to higher yielding money market savings products and time deposits, especially time deposits over $250,000. In this rising rate environment, the cost of brokered deposits and overnight borrowings from the FHLBNY increased in the 2018 quarter. The Company defines net interest margin as net interest income divided by average earning assets, annualized. The Company defines tax-equivalent net interest margin as net interest income on a tax-equivalent basis divided by average earning assets, annualized. Tax-equivalent net interest margin, as well as tax-equivalent net interest income, from
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which the margin is derived, are non-GAAP financial measures. (See the discussion under "Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures," on page 40, and the tabular information and notes on pages 41 through 44, regarding the Company's reasons for using these and other non-GAAP measures and the reconciliation thereof to comparable GAAP measures.) Further detailed information is presented above under the section entitled "Average Consolidated Balance Sheets and Net Interest Income Analysis." The impact of recent interest rate changes on Arrow's deposit and loan portfolios are discussed above in this Report under the sections entitled "Deposit Trends" and "Loan Trends."
As discussed previously under the heading "Asset Quality" beginning on page 56, the provision for loan losses for the third quarter of 2018 was $586 thousand, compared to a provision of $800 thousand for the 2017 quarter.
Noninterest Income
Summary of Noninterest Income
(Dollars in Thousands)

| Quarter Ended |  |  |  |
| 9/30/2018 |  | 9/30/2017 |  | Change |  | % Change
Income From Fiduciary Activities | $ | 2,262 |  |  | $ | 2,116 |  |  | $ | 146 |  |  | 6.9 | %
Fees for Other Services to Customers | 2,605 |  |  | 2,453 |  |  | 152 |  |  | 6.2 | %
Insurance Commissions | 2,024 |  |  | 2,113 |  |  | (89 | ) |  | (4.2 | )%
Net Gain on Securities | 114 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 104 |  |  | 1,040.0 | %
Net Gain on the Sale of Loans | 54 |  |  | 182 |  |  | (128 | ) |  | (70.3 | )%
Other Operating Income | 291 |  |  | 267 |  |  | 24 |  |  | 9.0 | %
Total Noninterest Income | $ | 7,350 |  |  | $ | 7,141 |  |  | $ | 209 |  |  | 2.9 | %

Total noninterest income in the current quarter was $7.4 million, up $209 thousand from total noninterest income for the third quarter of 2017. Income from fiduciary activities for the third quarter of 2018 increased by $146 thousand, or 6.9% over the third quarter of 2017 due to favorable equity market returns.
Fees for other services to customers increased to $2.6 million for the third quarter of 2018. In addition to service charge income on deposits, this category also includes debit card interchange income, revenue related to the sale of mutual funds to customers by third party providers, and servicing income on sold loans. Debit card usage by customers continues to grow, which has had (and if such growth persists, will continue to have) a positive impact on debit card fee income.
The $104 thousand increase in net gain on securities between the periods was primarily due to the change in the fair value of marketable equity securities as compared to the third quarter of 2017. For periods prior to 2018, accounting guidance resulted in these gains being recorded as a component of accumulated comprehensive income.
Net gain on the sale of loans in the third quarter of 2018 decreased by $128 thousand from the third quarter of 2017. This decrease was a result of a decrease in loan sale volume. See page 51 for the discussion of loan sales.
Insurance commissions decreased to $2.0 million for the third quarter of 2018 compared to $2.1 million for the third quarter of 2017 due to the increased competition for commercial insurance clients in the Company's markets.
Noninterest Expense
Summary of Noninterest Expense
(Dollars in Thousands)

| Quarter Ended |  |  |  |
| 9/30/2018 |  | 9/30/2017 |  | Change |  | % Change
Salaries and Employee Benefits | $ | 9,771 |  |  | 9,382 |  |  | $ | 389 |  |  | 4.1 | %
Occupancy Expense of Premises, Net | 1,132 |  |  | 1,145 |  |  | (13 | ) |  | (1.1 | )%
Furniture and Equipment Expense | 1,130 |  |  | 1,226 |  |  | (96 | ) |  | (7.8 | )%
FDIC and FICO Assessments | 218 |  |  | 225 |  |  | (7 | ) |  | (3.1 | )%
Amortization | 65 |  |  | 69 |  |  | (4 | ) |  | (5.8 | )%
Other Operating Expense | 3,710 |  |  | 3,501 |  |  | 209 |  |  | 6.0 | %
Total Noninterest Expense | $ | 16,026 |  |  | $ | 15,548 |  |  | $ | 478 |  |  | 3.1 | %
Efficiency Ratio | 55.79 | % |  | 55.79 | % |  | — | % |  | — | %

Noninterest expense for the third quarter of 2018 was $16.0 million, an increase of $478 thousand, or 3.1%, from the expense for the third quarter of 2017. The increase in salaries and benefits quarter-over-quarter was due to salary increases. Pursuant to ASU 2017-07 Compensation-Retirement Benefits, Arrow has reclassified the non-service cost components of its retirement plans from salaries and benefits to other operating expenses. The increase in other operating expense was due to increased loan costs combined with increased spending on technology. The reductions in the other noninterest expense categories were due to the ongoing expense control program.
The efficiency ratio was 55.79% for both the third quarter of 2018 and for the comparable 2017 quarter. The efficiency ratio (a ratio where lower is better), is a commonly used non-GAAP financial measure in the banking industry that purports to reflect an institution's operating efficiency. The Company calculates the efficiency ratio as the ratio of noninterest expense (excluding, under the Company's definition, intangible asset amortization) to (i) net interest income (on a tax-equivalent basis) plus (ii) noninterest income (excluding net securities gains or losses). See the discussion on this non-GAAP measure on page 40 of this Report under the heading "Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures" and the related tabular information and notes on pages 41 through 44 of this Report. The efficiency ratio
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included by the Federal Reserve Board in its "Bank Holding Company Performance Reports" excludes net securities gains or losses from the denominator (as does the Company's calculation), but unlike the Company's ratio does not exclude intangible asset amortization from the numerator. The Company's efficiency ratios in recent periods have generally compared favorably to the ratios of the peer group as disclosed in the Fed's Performance Reports (see page 39 for a discussion of the peer group). For the three-month period ended June 30, 2018 (the most recent reporting period for which peer group information is available), the peer group's efficiency ratio was 65.87% compared to the Company's ratio of 55.38% (not adjusted for the definitional difference).
Income Taxes
Summary of Income Taxes
(Dollars in Thousands)

| Quarter Ended |  |  |  |
| 9/30/2018 |  | 9/30/2017 |  | Change |  | % Change
Provision for Income Taxes | $ | 2,475 |  |  | $ | 3,027 |  |  | $ | (552 | ) |  | (18.2 | )%
Effective Tax Rate | 21.1 | % |  | 29.0 | % |  | (7.9 | ) |  | (27.2 | )

The effective tax rate for the 2018 quarter reflects the impact of the Tax Act which decreased the federal statutory income tax rate from 35% in 2017 to 21% in 2018.
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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 Compared With
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
Summary of Earnings Performance
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)

| Nine Months Ended |  |  |  |
| 9/30/2018 |  |  | 9/30/2017 |  | Change |  | % Change
Net Income | $ | 27,521 |  |  | $ | 21,255 |  |  | $ | 6,266 |  |  | 29.5 | %
Diluted Earnings Per Share | 1.90 |  |  | 1.48 |  |  | 0.42 |  |  | 28.4 |
Return on Average Assets | 1.30 | % |  | 1.06 | % |  | 0.24 | % |  | 22.6 |
Return on Average Equity | 14.32 | % |  | 11.86 | % |  | 2.46 | % |  | 20.7 |

Net income was $27.5 million and diluted earnings per share (EPS) of $1.90 for the first nine months of 2018, compared to net income of $21.3 million and diluted EPS of $1.48 for the first nine months of 2017. Return on average assets (ROA) for the first nine months of 2018 was 1.30%, an increase of 22.6% from 1.06% for the first nine months of 2017. In addition, return on average equity (ROE) increased to 14.32% for the first nine months of 2018 from 11.86% for the first nine months of 2017.
The following narrative discusses the period-to-period changes in net interest income, noninterest income, noninterest expense and income taxes.
Net Interest Income
Summary of Net Interest Income
(Taxable Equivalent Basis, Dollars in Thousands)

| Nine Months Ended |  |  |  |
| 9/30/2018 |  | 9/30/2017 |  | Change |  | % Change
Interest and Dividend Income | $ | 70,503 |  |  | $ | 62,522 |  |  | $ | 7,981 |  |  | 12.8 | %
Tax-Equivalent Adjustment | 1,335 |  |  | 2,863 |  |  | (1,528 | ) |  | (53.4 | )%
Interest and Dividend Income (Tax-equivalent) (2) | 71,838 |  |  | 65,385 |  |  | 6,453 |  |  | 9.9 | %
Interest Expense | 8,142 |  |  | 5,184 |  |  | 2,958 |  |  | 57.1 | %
Net Interest Income | 62,361 |  |  | 57,338 |  |  | 5,023 |  |  | 8.8 | %
Net Interest Income (Tax-equivalent) (2) | 63,696 |  |  | 60,201 |  |  | 3,495 |  |  | 5.8 | %
Average Earning Assets (1) | 2,701,001 |  |  | 2,550,076 |  |  | 150,925 |  |  | 5.9 | %
Average Interest-Bearing Liabilities | 2,087,445 |  |  | 1,998,746 |  |  | 88,699 |  |  | 4.4 | %
Yield on Earning Assets (1) | 3.49 | % |  | 3.28 | % |  | 0.21 | % |  | 6.4 | %
Yield on Earning Assets (Tax-equivalent) (1) (2) | 3.56 |  |  | 3.43 |  |  | 0.13 | % |  | 3.8 | %
Cost of Interest-Bearing Liabilities | 0.52 |  |  | 0.35 |  |  | 0.17 | % |  | 48.6 | %
Net Interest Spread | 2.97 |  |  | 2.93 |  |  | 0.04 | % |  | 1.4 | %
Net Interest Spread (Tax-equivalent) (2) | 3.04 |  |  | 3.08 |  |  | (0.04 | )% |  | (1.3 | )%
Net Interest Margin | 3.09 |  |  | 3.01 |  |  | 0.08 | % |  | 2.7 | %
Net Interest Margin (Tax-equivalent) (2) | 3.15 |  |  | 3.16 |  |  | (0.01 | )% |  | (0.3 | )%

(1) Includes Nonaccrual Loans
(2) See "Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures" on page 40; reported on a fully taxable basis using a marginal federal tax rate of 35% for 2017, 21% for 2018.
Net interest income on a GAAP basis, for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2018 increased by $5.0 million, or 8.8%, over the 2017 amount due to the positive impact of a 5.9% increase in the level of average earning assets as compared to the 4.4% increase in average interest-bearing liabilities, and due to an increase in net interest margin for the period. For the first nine months of 2018, net interest margin increased to 3.09% from the 3.01% for the first nine months of 2017. The composition of average earning assets during the 2018 period continued to include more relatively higher yielding loans and less relatively lower yielding investment securities due to the strategy of not reinvesting a portion of the maturing securities. Earning assets yields were 21 basis points higher in the 2018 period due to the continued increase in market yields and the higher composition of loans in earning assets. The cost of interest-bearing liabilities increased 17 basis points in the 2018 period due to rate-sensitive deposit customers continuing to reallocate their deposit investments to higher yielding money market savings products and time deposits, especially time deposits over $250,000. In this continued rising rate environment, the cost of brokered deposits and overnight borrowings from the FHLBNY increased in the 2018 period. The Company defines net interest margin as net interest income divided by average earning assets, annualized. The Company defines tax-equivalent
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net interest margin as net interest income on a tax-equivalent basis divided by average earning assets, annualized.Tax-equivalent net interest margin, as well as tax-equivalent net interest income, from which the margin is derived, are non-GAAP financial measures. (See the discussion under "Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures," on page 40, and the tabular information and notes on pages 41 through 44, regarding net interest margin and tax-equivalent net interest income, which are commonly used non-GAAP financial measures.) Further detailed information is presented above under the section entitled "Average Consolidated Balance Sheets and Net Interest Income Analysis." The impact of recent interest rate changes on Arrow's deposit and loan portfolios are discussed above in this Report under the sections entitled "Deposit Trends" and "Loan Trends."
As discussed previously under the heading "Asset Quality" beginning on page 56, the provision for loan losses for the first nine months of 2018 was $1.96 million, compared to a provision of $1.58 million for the 2017 period.
Noninterest Income
Summary of Noninterest Income
(Dollars in Thousands)

| Nine Months Ended |  |  |  |
| 9/30/2018 |  | 9/30/2017 |  | Change |  | % Change
Income From Fiduciary Activities | 7,106 |  |  | 6,284 |  |  | $ | 822 |  |  | 13.1 | %
Fees for Other Services to Customers | 7,555 |  |  | 6,875 |  |  | 680 |  |  | 9.9 |
Insurance Commissions | 6,119 |  |  | 6,426 |  |  | (307 | ) |  | (4.8 | )
Net Gain on Securities | 355 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 345 |  |  | 3,450.0 |
Net Gain on the Sale of Loans | 115 |  |  | 431 |  |  | (316 | ) |  | (73.3 | )
Other Operating Income | 900 |  |  | 867 |  |  | 33 |  |  | 3.8 |
Total Noninterest Income | $ | 22,150 |  |  | $ | 20,893 |  |  | $ | 1,247 |  |  | 6.0 | %

Total noninterest income in the first nine months of 2018 was $22.2 million, an increase of $1.3 million, or 6.0%, from total noninterest income of $20.9 million for the first nine months of 2017. Fees for other services to customers, the largest segment of noninterest income, increased 9.9% to $7.6 million for the first nine months of 2018, as compared to $6.9 million the first nine months of 2017.
Income from fiduciary activities for the first nine months of 2018 increased by $822 thousand, or 13.1% over the first nine months of 2017 due to the closing of a large estate in the second quarter of 2018 and favorable equity market returns. Insurance commissions declined 4.8% to $6.1 million for the first nine months of 2018, compared to $6.4 million in the first nine months of 2017 due to the increased competition for commercial insurance clients in the Company's markets.
The $345 thousand increase in net gain on securities between the periods was primarily due to a change in the fair value of marketable equity securities as compared to the third quarter of 2017, pursuant to Accounting Standards Update 2016-01. See the discussion on the investment securities portfolio beginning on page 54 of this Report.
The increase in other operating income between the periods was due to the fact that the Company recognized losses in the 2017 period from the investment in regional business incubation enterprises (limited partnerships), and a small gain in the 2018 period, in addition to various credits and fees collected, none of which were individually material.
Net gain on the sale of loans in the first nine months of 2018 decreased by $316 thousand, or 73.3% from the first nine months of 2017. This decrease was a result of lower loan sale volume which is consistent with the Company's business strategy to sell fewer earning assets, in favor of retaining them in the loan portfolio. See page 51 for the discussion of loan sales.
Noninterest Expense
Summary of Noninterest Expense
(Dollars in Thousands)

| Nine Months Ended |  |  |  |
| 9/30/2018 |  | 9/30/2017 |  | Change |  | % Change
Salaries and Employee Benefits | $ | 28,952 |  |  | $ | 27,740 |  |  | $ | 1,212 |  |  | 4.4 | %
Occupancy Expense of Premises, Net | 3,742 |  |  | 3,761 |  |  | (19 | ) |  | (0.5 | )
Furniture and Equipment Expense | 3,481 |  |  | 3,649 |  |  | (168 | ) |  | (4.6 | )
FDIC and FICO Assessments | 658 |  |  | 679 |  |  | (21 | ) |  | (3.1 | )
Amortization | 197 |  |  | 210 |  |  | (13 | ) |  | (6.2 | )
Other Operating Expense | 11,144 |  |  | 10,622 |  |  | 522 |  |  | 4.9 |
Total Noninterest Expense | $ | 48,174 |  |  | $ | 46,661 |  |  | $ | 1,513 |  |  | 3.2 |
Efficiency Ratio | 56.12 | % |  | 57.29 | % |  | (1.17 | )% |  | (2.0 | )

Noninterest expense for the first nine months of 2018 was $48.2 million, an increase of $1.5 million, or 3.2%, from the expense for the first nine months of 2017. This increase on a year-over-year basis represents less than the growth in average total loans or in average total assets between the same two periods. The Company's efficiency ratio was 56.12% for the first nine months of 2018, down by 1.17%, representing an improvement as compared to the ratio for the comparable 2017 period. This ratio (a ratio where lower is better), is a commonly used non-GAAP financial measure in the banking industry that purports to reflect operating efficiency. The Company calculates the efficiency ratio as the ratio of noninterest expense (excluding, under the Company's definition, intangible asset amortization) to (i) net
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interest income (on a tax-equivalent basis) plus (ii) noninterest income (excluding net securities gains or losses). See the discussion on this non-GAAP measure on page 40 of this Report under the heading "Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures" and the related tabular information and notes on pages 41 through 44 of this Report.
Salaries and employee benefits expense increased 4.4% in the first nine months of 2018 over the 2017 period, reflecting an increase of 4.8% in salaries and an increase of 3.2% in benefits. The increase in salary expense was due in part to staffing expansion and merit increases. The increase in the benefits expense was primarily due to increases in pension expense combined with awards related to the Company's short term incentive plan during the 2018 period. Pursuant to ASU 2017-07 Compensation-Retirement Benefits Arrow has reclassified the non-service cost components of retirement plans from salaries and benefits to other operating expenses.
Other operating expenses increased 4.9% in the first nine months of 2018 compared to the 2017 period primarily due to increased loan costs combined with increased spending on technology.
Furniture and Equipment Expense decreased by 4.6% due to reduced depreciation expense recorded in the first first nine months of 2018 compared to the 2017 period. FDIC and FICO assessments decreased by $21 thousand for the first nine months of 2018, as compared to the first nine months of 2017. This decrease is primarily the result of a reduction in the requirements for community banks of Arrow's size and a repositioning of balance sheet components on which the assessment is based.
Income Taxes
Summary of Income Taxes
(Dollars in Thousands)

| Nine Months Ended |  |  |  |
| 9/30/2018 |  | 9/30/2017 |  | Change |  | % Change
Provision for Income Taxes | $ | 6,855 |  |  | $ | 8,735 |  |  | $ | (1,880 | ) |  | (21.5 | )%
Effective Tax Rate | 19.9 | % |  | 29.1 | % |  | (9.2 | ) |  | (31.6 | )

The decrease in the effective tax rate in the first nine months of 2018 over the first nine months of 2017, was primarily attributable to the impact of the Tax Act which decreased the federal statutory income tax rate from 35% in 2017 to 21% in 2018.
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Item 3.
QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
In addition to credit risk in the loan portfolio and liquidity risk, discussed earlier, the Company's business activities also generate market risk. Market risk is the possibility that changes in future market rates (interest rates) or prices (market value of financial instruments) will make the Company's position (i.e., our assets and operations) less valuable. The Company's primary market risk is interest rate volatility. The ongoing monitoring and management of interest rate risk is an important component of the asset/liability management process, which is governed by policies that are reviewed and approved annually by the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors delegates responsibility for carrying out asset/liability oversight and control to management's Asset/Liability Committee ("ALCO"). In this capacity ALCO develops guidelines and strategies impacting the asset/liability profile based upon estimated market risk sensitivity, policy limits and overall market interest rate levels and trends.
Changes in market interest rates, whether increases or decreases, can trigger repricing and changes in the pace of payments for both assets and liabilities (prepayment risk). This may individually or in combination affect net interest income, net interest margin, and ultimately net income, either positively or negatively. ALCO utilizes the results of a detailed and dynamic simulation model to quantify this interest rate risk by projecting net interest income in various interest rate scenarios.
The Company's standard simulation model applies a parallel shift in interest rates, ramped over a 12-month period, to capture the impact of changing interest rates on net interest income. The results are compared to ALCO policy limits which specify a maximum tolerance level for net interest income exposure over a one- year horizon, assuming no balance sheet growth and a 200 basis point upward and a 100 basis point downward shift in interest rates. Additional tools to monitor potential longer-term interest rate risk, including periodic stress testing involving hypothetical sudden and significant interest rate spikes are also evaluated.
The following table summarizes the percentage change in net interest income as compared to the base scenario, which assumes no change in market interest rates as generated from the standard simulation model. The results are presented for each of the first two years of the simulation period for the 200 basis point increase in interest rate scenario and the 100 basis point decrease in interest rate scenario. These results are well within the ALCO policy limits as shown.
As of September 30, 2018:

| Change in Interest Rate |  | Policy Limit
| + 200 basis points |  | - 100 basis points |  |
Calculated change in Net Interest Income - Year 1 | (2.70)% |  | 1.20% |  | (10.00)%
Calculated change in Net Interest Income - Year 2 | 2.20% |  | 2.00% |  | (15.00)%

Historically, there has existed an inverse relationship between changes in prevailing rates and the Company's net interest income, suggesting that liabilities and sources of funds generally reprice more quickly than earning assets. (near-term liability sensitivity). However, when net interest income is simulated over a longer time frame, this exposure is limited, and actually reverses, as asset yields continue to reprice while the cost of funding reaches assumed ceilings or floors (long-term asset sensitivity).
The hypothetical estimates underlying the sensitivity analysis are based upon numerous assumptions including: the nature and timing of changes in interest rates including yield curve shape, prepayments on loans and securities, deposit decay rates, pricing decisions on loans and deposits, reinvestment/replacement of asset and liability cash flows, and others. While assumptions are developed based upon current economic and local market conditions, the Company cannot make any assurance as to the predictive nature of these assumptions including how customer preferences or competitor influences might change.
Also, as market conditions vary from those assumed in the sensitivity analysis, actual results will differ due to: prepayment/refinancing levels likely deviating from those assumed, the varying impact of interest rate changes on caps or floors on adjustable rate assets, the potential effect of changing debt service levels on customers with adjustable rate loans, depositor early withdrawals and product preference changes, unanticipated shifts in the yield curve and other internal/external variables. Furthermore, the sensitivity analysis does not reflect actions that ALCO might take in responding to or anticipating changes in interest rates.
Item 4.
CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Senior management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of Arrow's disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) as of September 30, 2018. Based upon that evaluation, senior management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective. Further, there were no changes made in the Company's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the most recent fiscal quarter that had materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.
Legal Proceedings
The Company, including its subsidiary banks, are not currently the subject of any material pending legal proceedings, other than ordinary routine litigation occurring in the normal course of their business. On an ongoing basis, the Company is often the subject of, or a party to, various legal claims by other parties against the Company, by the Company against other parties, or involving the Company, which arise in the normal course of business. The various pending legal claims against the Company will not, in the opinion of management based upon consultation with counsel, result in any material liability.
Item 1.A.
Risk Factors
The Risk Factors identified in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, continue to represent the most significant risks to the Company's future results of operations and financial conditions, without modification or amendment. Please refer to such Risk Factors as listed in Part I, Item 1A, of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017.
Item 2.
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities
There were no unregistered sales of the Company's equity securities by or on behalf of the Company during the just-completed quarter.
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
The following table presents information about purchases by Arrow of its common stock during the quarter ended September 30, 2018:

Third Quarter 2018 Calendar Month | (A) Total Number of Shares Purchased 1 |  | (B) Average Price Paid Per Share 1 |  | (C) Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs 2 |  | (D) Maximum Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs 2
July | 2,594 |  |  | $ | 37.56 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 4,610,800 |
August | 2,888 |  |  | 38.55 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,610,800 |
September | 22,168 |  |  | 37.40 |  |  | 5,500 |  |  | 4,404,627 |
Total | 27,650 |  |  | 37.54 |  |  | 5,500 |  |  |

1 The total number of shares purchased by the Company and the average price paid per share listed in columns (A) and (B) consist of (i) any shares purchased in such periods in open market or private transactions under the Arrow Financial Corporation Automatic Dividend Reinvestment Plan (the "DRIP") by the administrator of the DRIP, and (ii) shares surrendered or deemed surrendered to Arrow in such periods by holders of options to acquire Arrow common stock received by them under Arrow's long-term incentive plans ("LTIPs") in connection with their stock-for-stock exercise of such options. In the months indicated, the listed number of shares purchased included the following number of shares purchased by Arrow through such methods: July - DRIP purchases (1,574 shares) and stock-for-stock exercises (1,020 shares); August - DRIP purchases (2,298 shares) and stock-for-stock exercises (590 shares); and September - DRIP purchases (12,934 shares), stock-for-stock exercises (3,734 shares) and repurchased under the publicly-announced Repurchase Program (5,500 shares.)
2 Includes only those shares acquired by Arrow pursuant to its 2018 stock repurchase program. The only publicly-announced stock repurchase program in effect for the third quarter of 2018 was the program approved by the Board of Directors and announced in October 2017, under which the Board authorized management, in its discretion, to repurchase from time to time during 2018, in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions, up to $5 million of Arrow common stock subject to certain exceptions (the "2018 stock repurchase program").
Item 3.
Defaults Upon Senior Securities - None
Item 4.
Mine Safety Disclosures - None
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Item 5.
Other Information - None
Item 6.
Exhibits

Exhibit Number | Exhibit
15 | Awareness Letter
31.1 | Certification of Chief Executive Officer under SEC Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a)
31.2 | Certification of Chief Financial Officer under SEC Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a)
32 | Certification of Chief Executive Officer under 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 and Certification of Chief Financial Officer under 18 U.S.C. Section 1350
101.INS | XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase Document
101.PRE | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
ARROW FINANCIAL CORPORATION
Registrant

November 8, 2018 | /s/Thomas J. Murphy
Date | Thomas J. Murphy, President and
| Chief Executive Officer
November 8, 2018 | /s/Edward J. Campanella
Date | Edward J. Campanella, Senior Vice President,
| Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer
| (Principal Financial Officer and
| Principal Accounting Officer)

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