10-Q 1 arowform10-qseptember2019.htm 10-Q
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
[X] QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the Quarterly Period Ended September 30, 2019
or
[ ] TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
Commission File Number: 0-12507
ARROW FINANCIAL CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

New York |  | 22-2448962
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
250 GLEN STREET, GLENS FALLS, NEW YORK 12801
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (518) 745-1000

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of Each Class | Trading Symbol | Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Common Stock, Par Value $1.00 per share | AROW | NASDAQ Global Select Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. x Yes No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). x Yes No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer | Accelerated filer x
Non-accelerated filer |
Smaller reporting company |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Emerging growth company |  |  |  |  |  |  |
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standard provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. __

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes x No
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

Class |  | Outstanding as of October 31, 2019
Common Stock, par value $1.00 per share |  | 14,976,493

ARROW FINANCIAL CORPORATION
FORM 10-Q
TABLE OF CONTENTS

| Page
PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION |
Item 1. Financial Statements | 3
Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 44
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 71
Item 4. Controls and Procedures | 71
PART II - OTHER INFORMATION |
Item 1. Legal Proceedings | 72
Item 1.A. Risk Factors | 72
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 72
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities | 72
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures | 72
Item 5. Other Information | 73
Item 6. Exhibits | 73
SIGNATURES | 74

# 2

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
# 3

ARROW FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Amounts) (Unaudited)
| September 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018 |  | September 30, 2018
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |
Cash and Due From Banks | $ | 65,882 |  |  | $ | 56,529 |  |  | $ | 57,385 |
Interest-Bearing Deposits at Banks | 26,416 |  |  | 27,710 |  |  | 34,910 |
Investment Securities: |  |  |  |  |
Available-for-Sale | 314,182 |  |  | 317,535 |  |  | 340,411 |
Held-to-Maturity (Approximate Fair Value of $259,128 at September 30, 2019; $280,338 at December 31, 2018; and $282,719 at September 30, 2018) | 255,095 |  |  | 283,476 |  |  | 289,952 |
Equity Securities | 1,996 |  |  | 1,774 |  |  | 1,916 |
Other Investments | 6,627 |  |  | 15,506 |  |  | 10,866 |
Loans | 2,335,591 |  |  | 2,196,215 |  |  | 2,126,100 |
Allowance for Loan Losses | (20,931 | ) |  | (20,196 | ) |  | (20,003 | )
Net Loans | 2,314,660 |  |  | 2,176,019 |  |  | 2,106,097 |
Premises and Equipment, Net | 40,228 |  |  | 30,446 |  |  | 28,601 |
Goodwill | 21,873 |  |  | 21,873 |  |  | 21,873 |
Other Intangible Assets, Net | 1,713 |  |  | 1,852 |  |  | 1,954 |
Other Assets | 64,150 |  |  | 55,614 |  |  | 59,255 |
Total Assets | $ | 3,112,822 |  |  | $ | 2,988,334 |  |  | $ | 2,953,220 |
LIABILITIES |  |  |  |  |
Noninterest-Bearing Deposits | $ | 516,876 |  |  | $ | 472,768 |  |  | $ | 490,469 |
Interest-Bearing Checking Accounts | 801,446 |  |  | 790,781 |  |  | 899,547 |
Savings Deposits | 929,691 |  |  | 818,048 |  |  | 758,727 |
Time Deposits over $250,000 | 96,770 |  |  | 73,583 |  |  | 76,226 |
Other Time Deposits | 269,764 |  |  | 190,404 |  |  | 182,886 |
Total Deposits | 2,614,547 |  |  | 2,345,584 |  |  | 2,407,855 |
Federal Funds Purchased and Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase | 72,869 |  |  | 54,659 |  |  | 62,503 |
Federal Home Loan Bank Overnight Advances | 48,000 |  |  | 234,000 |  |  | 131,000 |
Federal Home Loan Bank Term Advances | 30,000 |  |  | 45,000 |  |  | 45,000 |
Junior Subordinated Obligations Issued to Unconsolidated Subsidiary Trusts | 20,000 |  |  | 20,000 |  |  | 20,000 |
Finance Leases | 5,263 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Other Liabilities | 29,915 |  |  | 19,507 |  |  | 22,052 |
Total Liabilities | 2,820,594 |  |  | 2,718,750 |  |  | 2,688,410 |
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY |  |  |  |  |
Preferred Stock, $1 Par Value and 1,000,000 Shares Authorized at September 30, 2019; $5 Par Value and 1,000,000 Shares Authorized at December 31, 2018 and September 30, 2018 | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Common Stock, $1 Par Value; 30,000,000 Shares Authorized at September 30, 2019 and 20,000,000 Shares Authorized at December 31, 2018 and September 30, 2018 (19,606,449 Shares Issued at September 30, 2019 and 19,035,565 at December 31, 2018 and September 30, 2018) | 19,606 |  |  | 19,035 |  |  | 19,035 |
Additional Paid-in Capital | 334,597 |  |  | 314,533 |  |  | 313,763 |
Retained Earnings | 27,375 |  |  | 29,257 |  |  | 24,258 |
Unallocated ESOP Shares (5,151 Shares at September 30, 2019; 5,001 Shares at December 31, 2018 and 9,932 Shares at September 30, 2018) | (100 | ) |  | (100 | ) |  | (200 | )
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss | (8,979 | ) |  | (13,810 | ) |  | (12,621 | )
Treasury Stock, at Cost (4,632,657 Shares at September 30, 2019; 4,558,207 Shares at December 31, 2018 and 4,584,147 Shares at September 30, 2018) | (80,271 | ) |  | (79,331 | ) |  | (79,425 | )
Total Stockholders’ Equity | 292,228 |  |  | 269,584 |  |  | 264,810 |
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity | $ | 3,112,822 |  |  | $ | 2,988,334 |  |  | $ | 2,953,220 |

See Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements.
# 4

ARROW FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (In Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts) (Unaudited)
| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
INTEREST AND DIVIDEND INCOME |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest and Fees on Loans | $ | 24,620 |  |  | $ | 20,839 |  |  | $ | 70,543 |  |  | $ | 59,606 |
Interest on Deposits at Banks | 182 |  |  | 182 |  |  | 572 |  |  | 474 |
Interest and Dividends on Investment Securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fully Taxable | 2,018 |  |  | 2,187 |  |  | 6,671 |  |  | 6,128 |
Exempt from Federal Taxes | 1,132 |  |  | 1,287 |  |  | 3,606 |  |  | 4,295 |
Total Interest and Dividend Income | 27,952 |  |  | 24,495 |  |  | 81,392 |  |  | 70,503 |
INTEREST EXPENSE |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-Bearing Checking Accounts | 500 |  |  | 390 |  |  | 1,435 |  |  | 1,165 |
Savings Deposits | 2,317 |  |  | 901 |  |  | 5,926 |  |  | 2,134 |
Time Deposits over $250,000 | 451 |  |  | 301 |  |  | 1,362 |  |  | 833 |
Other Time Deposits | 1,255 |  |  | 370 |  |  | 3,099 |  |  | 911 |
Federal Funds Purchased and Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase | 28 |  |  | 15 |  |  | 75 |  |  | 47 |
Federal Home Loan Bank Advances | 820 |  |  | 1,270 |  |  | 3,513 |  |  | 2,340 |
Junior Subordinated Obligations Issued to Unconsolidated Subsidiary Trusts | 250 |  |  | 251 |  |  | 780 |  |  | 712 |
Interest on Financing Leases | 28 |  |  | — |  |  | 71 |  |  | — |
Total Interest Expense | 5,649 |  |  | 3,498 |  |  | 16,261 |  |  | 8,142 |
NET INTEREST INCOME | 22,303 |  |  | 20,997 |  |  | 65,131 |  |  | 62,361 |
Provision for Loan Losses | 518 |  |  | 586 |  |  | 1,445 |  |  | 1,961 |
NET INTEREST INCOME AFTER PROVISION FOR LOAN LOSSES | 21,785 |  |  | 20,411 |  |  | 63,686 |  |  | 60,400 |
NONINTEREST INCOME |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Income From Fiduciary Activities | 2,212 |  |  | 2,262 |  |  | 6,571 |  |  | 7,106 |
Fees for Other Services to Customers | 2,623 |  |  | 2,605 |  |  | 7,570 |  |  | 7,555 |
Insurance Commissions | 1,936 |  |  | 2,024 |  |  | 5,590 |  |  | 6,119 |
Net Gain on Securities Transactions | 146 |  |  | 114 |  |  | 222 |  |  | 355 |
Net Gain on Sales of Loans | 257 |  |  | 54 |  |  | 501 |  |  | 115 |
Other Operating Income | 517 |  |  | 291 |  |  | 1,020 |  |  | 900 |
Total Noninterest Income | 7,691 |  |  | 7,350 |  |  | 21,474 |  |  | 22,150 |
NONINTEREST EXPENSE |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Salaries and Employee Benefits | 10,015 |  |  | 9,771 |  |  | 29,061 |  |  | 28,952 |
Occupancy Expenses, Net | 1,324 |  |  | 1,132 |  |  | 4,023 |  |  | 3,742 |
Technology and Equipment Expense | 3,305 |  |  | 2,759 |  |  | 9,689 |  |  | 8,306 |
FDIC Assessments | (480 | ) |  | 218 |  |  | (56 | ) |  | 658 |
Other Operating Expense | 2,627 |  |  | 2,146 |  |  | 7,634 |  |  | 6,516 |
Total Noninterest Expense | 16,791 |  |  | 16,026 |  |  | 50,351 |  |  | 48,174 |
INCOME BEFORE PROVISION FOR INCOME TAXES | 12,685 |  |  | 11,735 |  |  | 34,809 |  |  | 34,376 |
Provision for Income Taxes | 2,618 |  |  | 2,475 |  |  | 7,074 |  |  | 6,855 |
NET INCOME | $ | 10,067 |  |  | $ | 9,260 |  |  | $ | 27,735 |  |  | $ | 27,521 |
Average Shares Outstanding 1: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | 14,955 |  |  | 14,864 |  |  | 14,927 |  |  | 14,825 |
Diluted | 14,991 |  |  | 14,956 |  |  | 14,968 |  |  | 14,914 |
Per Common Share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic Earnings | $ | 0.67 |  |  | $ | 0.62 |  |  | $ | 1.86 |  |  | $ | 1.85 |
Diluted Earnings | 0.67 |  |  | 0.62 |  |  | 1.85 |  |  | 1.84 |

1 2018 Share and Per Share Amounts have been restated for the September 27, 2019 3% stock dividend.
See Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements.
# 5

ARROW FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (In Thousands) (Unaudited)
| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Net Income | $ | 10,067 |  |  | $ | 9,260 |  |  | $ | 27,735 |  |  | $ | 27,521 |
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net Unrealized Securities Holding Gains (Losses) Arising During the Period | 499 |  |  | (897 | ) |  | 4,323 |  |  | (4,017 | )
Amortization of Net Retirement Plan Actuarial Loss | 127 |  |  | 60 |  |  | 381 |  |  | 181 |
Amortization of Net Retirement Plan Prior Service Cost | 42 |  |  | 20 |  |  | 127 |  |  | 60 |
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | 668 |  |  | (817 | ) |  | 4,831 |  |  | (3,776 | )
Comprehensive Income | $ | 10,735 |  |  | $ | 8,443 |  |  | $ | 32,566 |  |  | $ | 23,745 |

See Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements.
# 6

ARROW FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Amounts)
(Unaudited)

| Nine-Month Period Ended September 30, 2019
| Common Stock |  | Additional Paid-In Capital |  | Retained Earnings |  | Unallo-cated ESOP Shares |  | Accumu-lated Other Com- prehensive Loss |  | Treasury Stock |  | Total
Balance at December 31, 2018 | $ | 19,035 |  |  | $ | 314,533 |  |  | $ | 29,257 |  |  | $ | (100 | ) |  | $ | (13,810 | ) |  | $ | (79,331 | ) |  | $ | 269,584 |
Net Income | — |  |  | — |  |  | 27,735 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 27,735 |
Other Comprehensive Income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,831 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,831 |
3% Stock Dividend (570,884 Shares) | 571 |  |  | 17,737 |  |  | (18,308 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Cash Dividends Paid, $.757 per Share | — |  |  | — |  |  | (11,309 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (11,309 | )
Stock Options Exercised, Net (76,775 Shares) | — |  |  | 802 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 838 |  |  | 1,640 |
Shares Issued Under the Directors’ Stock Plan (3,997 Shares) | — |  |  | 86 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 44 |  |  | 130 |
Shares Issued Under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan (11,403 Shares) | — |  |  | 236 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 124 |  |  | 360 |
Shares Issued for Dividend Reinvestment Plans (39,078 Shares) | — |  |  | 911 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 422 |  |  | 1,333 |
Stock-Based Compensation Expense | — |  |  | 292 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 292 |
Purchase of Treasury Stock (70,711 Shares) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2,368 | ) |  | (2,368 | )
Balance at September 30, 2019 | $ | 19,606 |  |  | $ | 334,597 |  |  | $ | 27,375 |  |  | $ | (100 | ) |  | $ | (8,979 | ) |  | $ | (80,271 | ) |  | $ | 292,228 |
| Three-Month Period Ended September 30, 2019
| Common Stock |  | Additional Paid-In Capital |  | Retained Earnings |  | Unallo-cated ESOP Shares |  | Accumu-lated Other Com- prehensive Loss |  | Treasury Stock |  | Total
Balance at June 30, 2019 | $ | 19,035 |  |  | $ | 316,229 |  |  | $ | 39,397 |  |  | $ | (100 | ) |  | $ | (9,647 | ) |  | $ | (80,265 | ) |  | $ | 284,649 |
Net Income | — |  |  | — |  |  | 10,067 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 10,067 |
Other Comprehensive Income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 668 |  |  | — |  |  | 668 |
3% Stock Dividend (570,884 Shares) | 571 |  |  | 17,737 |  |  | (18,308 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Cash Dividends Paid, $.252 per Share | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3,781 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3,781 | )
Stock Options Exercised, Net (14,063 Shares) | — |  |  | 164 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 151 |  |  | 315 |
Shares Issued Under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan (3,455 Shares) | — |  |  | 73 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 37 |  |  | 110 |
Shares Issued for Dividend Reinvestment Plans (12,380 Shares) | — |  |  | 296 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 133 |  |  | 429 |
Stock-Based Compensation Expense | — |  |  | 98 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 98 |
Purchase of Treasury Stock (10,151 Shares) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (327 | ) |  | (327 | )
Balance at September 30, 2019 | $ | 19,606 |  |  | $ | 334,597 |  |  | $ | 27,375 |  |  | $ | (100 | ) |  | $ | (8,979 | ) |  | $ | (80,271 | ) |  | $ | 292,228 |

See Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements.
# 7

ARROW FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (Continued)
(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Amounts)
(Unaudited)

| Nine-Month Period Ended September 30, 2018
| Common Stock |  | Additional Paid-In Capital |  | Retained Earnings |  | Unallo-cated ESOP Shares |  | Accumu-lated Other Com- prehensive Loss |  | Treasury Stock |  | Total
Balance at December 31, 2017 | $ | 18,481 |  |  | $ | 290,219 |  |  | $ | 28,818 |  |  | $ | (200 | ) |  | $ | (8,514 | ) |  | $ | (79,201 | ) |  | $ | 249,603 |
Net Income | — |  |  | — |  |  | 27,521 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 27,521 |
Other Comprehensive Loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3,776 | ) |  | — |  |  | (3,776 | )
Impact of the Adoption of ASU 2014-09 | — |  |  | — |  |  | (102 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (102 | )
Impact of the Adoption of ASU 2016-01 | — |  |  | — |  |  | 331 |  |  | — |  |  | (331 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
3% Stock Dividend (554,264 Shares) | 554 |  |  | 21,126 |  |  | (21,680 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Cash Dividends Paid, $.716 per Share 1 | — |  |  | — |  |  | (10,630 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (10,630 | )
Stock Options Exercised, Net (91,979 Shares) | — |  |  | 942 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,035 |  |  | 1,977 |
Shares Issued Under the Directors’ Stock Plan (2,705 Shares) | — |  |  | 72 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 31 |  |  | 103 |
Shares Issued Under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan (10,801 Shares) | — |  |  | 247 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 121 |  |  | 368 |
Shares Issued for Dividend Reinvestment Plans (35,947 Shares) | — |  |  | 890 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 412 |  |  | 1,302 |
Stock-Based Compensation Expense | — |  |  | 267 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 267 |
Purchase of Treasury Stock (50,697 Shares) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,823 | ) |  | (1,823 | )
Balance at September 30, 2018 | $ | 19,035 |  |  | $ | 313,763 |  |  | $ | 24,258 |  |  | $ | (200 | ) |  | $ | (12,621 | ) |  | $ | (79,425 | ) |  | $ | 264,810 |
| Three-Month Period Ended September 30, 2018
| Common Stock |  | Additional Paid-In Capital |  | Retained Earnings |  | Unallo-cated ESOP Shares |  | Accumu-lated Other Com- prehensive Loss |  | Treasury Stock |  | Total
Balance at June 30, 2018 | $ | 18,481 |  |  | $ | 292,020 |  |  | $ | 40,326 |  |  | $ | (200 | ) |  | $ | (11,804 | ) |  | $ | (79,335 | ) |  | $ | 259,488 |
Net Income | — |  |  | — |  |  | 9,260 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 9,260 |
Other Comprehensive Loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (817 | ) |  | — |  |  | (817 | )
3% Stock Dividend (538,100 Shares) | 554 |  |  | 21,126 |  |  | (21,680 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Cash Dividends Paid, $.245 per Share 1 | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3,648 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3,648 | )
Stock Options Exercised, Net (12,978 Shares) | — |  |  | 138 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 147 |  |  | 285 |
Shares Issued Under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan (3,188 Shares) | — |  |  | 80 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 36 |  |  | 116 |
Shares Issued for Dividend Reinvestment Plans (11,642 Shares) | — |  |  | 310 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 136 |  |  | 446 |
Stock-Based Compensation Expense | — |  |  | 89 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 89 |
Purchase of Treasury Stock (10,688 Shares) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (409 | ) |  | (409 | )
Balance at September 30, 2018 | $ | 19,035 |  |  | $ | 313,763 |  |  | $ | 24,258 |  |  | $ | (200 | ) |  | $ | (12,621 | ) |  | $ | (79,425 | ) |  | $ | 264,810 |

1 Cash dividends paid per share have been adjusted for the September 27, 2019 3% stock dividend.
See Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements.
# 8

ARROW FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Dollars in Thousands)

| Nine Months Ended September 30,
Cash Flows from Operating Activities: | 2019 |  | 2018
Net Income | $ | 27,735 |  |  | $ | 27,521 |
Adjustments to Reconcile Net Income to Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities: |  |  |
Provision for Loan Losses | 1,445 |  |  | 1,961 |
Depreciation and Amortization | 3,994 |  |  | 3,576 |
Net Gain on Securities Transactions | (222 | ) |  | (355 | )
Loans Originated and Held-for-Sale | (20,612 | ) |  | (3,378 | )
Proceeds from the Sale of Loans Held-for-Sale | 19,424 |  |  | 3,620 |
Net Gain on the Sale of Loans | (501 | ) |  | (115 | )
Net Loss on the Sale of Premises and Equipment, Other Real Estate Owned and Repossessed Assets | 798 |  |  | 155 |
Contributions to Retirement Benefit Plans | (492 | ) |  | (524 | )
Deferred Income Tax Benefit | (644 | ) |  | (389 | )
Shares Issued Under the Directors’ Stock Plan | 130 |  |  | 103 |
Stock-Based Compensation Expense | 292 |  |  | 267 |
Tax Benefit from Exercise of Stock Options | 199 |  |  | 205 |
Net Increase in Other Assets | (9,302 | ) |  | (1,030 | )
Net Increase in Other Liabilities | 10,480 |  |  | 1,980 |
Net Cash Provided By Operating Activities | 32,724 |  |  | 33,597 |
Cash Flows from Investing Activities: |  |  |
Proceeds from the Maturities and Calls of Securities Available-for-Sale | 79,077 |  |  | 36,663 |
Purchases of Securities Available-for-Sale | (70,418 | ) |  | (84,746 | )
Proceeds from the Maturities and Calls of Securities Held-to-Maturity | 31,161 |  |  | 49,721 |
Purchases of Securities Held-to-Maturity | (3,398 | ) |  | (4,506 | )
Net Increase in Loans | (140,360 | ) |  | (176,607 | )
Proceeds from the Sales of Premises and Equipment, Other Real Estate Owned and Repossessed Assets | 1,282 |  |  | 1,078 |
Purchase of Premises and Equipment | (6,698 | ) |  | (2,371 | )
Proceeds from the Sale of a Subsidiary, Net | — |  |  | 75 |
Net Decrease (Increase) in Other Investments | 8,879 |  |  | (917 | )
Net Cash Used By Investing Activities | (100,475 | ) |  | (181,610 | )
Cash Flows from Financing Activities: |  |  |
Net Increase in Deposits | 268,963 |  |  | 162,739 |
Net (Decrease) Increase in Short-Term Federal Home Loan Bank Borrowings | (186,000 | ) |  | 26,000 |
Net Increase (Decrease) in Short-Term Borrowings | 18,210 |  |  | (2,463 | )
Finance Lease Payments | (19 | ) |  | — |
Repayments of Federal Home Loan Bank Term Advances | (15,000 | ) |  | (10,000 | )
Purchase of Treasury Stock | (2,368 | ) |  | (1,823 | )
Stock Options Exercised, Net | 1,640 |  |  | 1,977 |
Shares Issued Under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan | 360 |  |  | 368 |
Shares Issued for Dividend Reinvestment Plans | 1,333 |  |  | 1,302 |
Cash Dividends Paid | (11,309 | ) |  | (10,630 | )
Net Cash Provided By Financing Activities | 75,810 |  |  | 167,470 |
Net Increase in Cash and Cash Equivalents | 8,059 |  |  | 19,457 |
Cash and Cash Equivalents at Beginning of Period | 84,239 |  |  | 72,838 |
Cash and Cash Equivalents at End of Period | $ | 92,298 |  |  | $ | 92,295 |
Supplemental Disclosures to Statements of Cash Flow Information: |  |  |
Interest on Deposits and Borrowings | $ | 15,329 |  |  | $ | 7,946 |
Income Taxes | 7,131 |  |  | 7,493 |
Non-cash Investing and Financing Activity: |  |  |
Transfer of Loans to Other Real Estate Owned and Repossessed Assets | 1,530 |  |  | 606 |

See Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements.
# 9

NOTES TO INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
Note 1. ACCOUNTING POLICIES
In the opinion of the management of Arrow Financial Corporation (Arrow, the Company, we, or us), the accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements contain all of the adjustments necessary to present fairly the financial position as of September 30, 2019, December 31, 2018 and September 30, 2018; the results of operations for the three-and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2019 and 2018; the consolidated statements of comprehensive income for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2019 and 2018; the changes in stockholders' equity for the three-month and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2019 and 2018; and the cash flows for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2019 and 2018. All such adjustments are of a normal recurring nature.
Management’s Use of Estimates -The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of income and expenses during the reporting period. Our most significant estimate is the allowance for loan losses. Other estimates include the evaluation of other-than-temporary impairment of investment securities, goodwill impairment, pension and other postretirement liabilities and an analysis of a need for a valuation allowance for deferred tax assets. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
A material estimate that is particularly susceptible to significant change in the near term is the allowance for loan losses. In connection with the determination of the allowance for loan losses, management obtains appraisals for properties. The allowance for loan losses is management’s best estimate of probable loan losses incurred as of the balance sheet date. While management uses available information to recognize losses on loans, future adjustments to the allowance for loan losses may be necessary based on changes in economic conditions.
The unaudited interim consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited annual consolidated financial statements of Arrow for the year ended December 31, 2018 included in Arrow's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.
Recently Adopted and Recently Issued Accounting Standards
The following accounting standards have been adopted in the first nine months of 2019:
In March 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2017-08 "Receivables-Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs" which amends the amortization period for certain purchased callable debt securities held at a premium. This shortens the amortization period for the premium to the earliest call date. Under United States generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), entities generally amortize the premium as an adjustment of yield over the contractual life of the instrument. For Arrow, the standard was effective in the first quarter of 2019 and did not have a material impact on its financial position or the results of operations in the current quarter or in future periods.
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, "Leases" (Topic 842) which requires lessees to recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months. In January 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-01, Leases (Topic 842): "Land Easement Practical Expedient for Transition to Topic 842". In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-10 "Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases" which provided clarification on certain components of the original guidance, including that the rate implicit in the lease cannot be less than zero. Also in July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-11 "Targeted Improvements" to Leases (Topic 842) which amends the original guidance to allow for the adoption of this standard to be applied retrospectively at the beginning of the period of adoption, which was January 1, 2019 for Arrow, without revising prior comparative periods.
The Company adopted this standard as of January 1, 2019 using the effective date method, also known as the modified retrospective method, with the cumulative-effect adjustment recorded at the beginning of the period of adoption. As a result of this adoption, the Company's assets increased $7.9 million and the Company's liabilities increased $8.0 million with no adjustment required to retained earnings and no material impact to the consolidated statements of income.
Practical Expedients Elected At Adoption: The package of practical expedients were elected that did not require the Company to reassess whether an existing contract contains a lease, to reassess existing leases between operating leases and finance leases or to reassess initial direct costs for any existing leases. These practical expedients were applied together. In addition, the Company also elected a practical expedient, which was required to be applied consistently to all of its leases, to use hindsight in determining the lease term when considering lessee options to extend or terminate the lease and in assessing impairment in the right-of-use asset.
Accounting Policy Elections: The Company also made two accounting policy elections related to the adoption of this standard. The first was a determination not to separate lease and non-lease components and account for the resulting combined component as a single lease component. The second election was to account for short-term leases, those leases with a "lease term" of twelve months or less, like an operating lease under current GAAP.
Determination of the Discount Rate to Calculate the Lease Liability: Since the Company was unable to determine the rate implicit in its leases, the secured borrowing rate from the Federal Home Loan Bank of New York as of the January 1, 2019 adoption date was utilized for existing leases for the effective lease term beginning with the effective date of each existing lease. The expected expiration date of each lease was determined on a lease-by-lease basis based on the availability of renewal options in the lease contracts, the amount of leasehold improvements at each location, total branch deposits at each location in addition to the feasibility of growth potential at each location. A similar process is followed to determine the expected lease expiration date for all leases executed subsequent to the January 1, 2019 adoption date. The discount rate is determined for leases executed subsequent to the January 1, 2019 adoption date based on
# 10

the expected lease term using the secured borrowing rate from the Federal Home Loan Bank of New York as of the effective date of the lease.
The following accounting standards have been issued and will become effective for the Company at a future date:
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13 "Financial Instruments - Credit Losses" (Topic 326) which will change the way financial entities measure expected credit losses for financial assets, primarily loans. Under this ASU, the "incurred loss" model will be replaced with an "expected loss" model which will recognize losses over the life of the instrument and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information. Currently, credit losses on available-for-sale securities reduce the carrying value of the instrument and cannot be reversed. Under this ASU, the amount of the credit loss is carried as a valuation allowance and can be reversed. The standard also requires expanded credit quality disclosures. In April 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-04 "Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses; Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging; and Topic 825, Financial Instruments," which clarifies that the estimate of expected credit losses should include expected recoveries of financial assets, and that contractual extension or renewal options that are not unconditionally cancellable by the lender are considered when determining the contractual term over which expected credit losses are measured. The Company's loan terms for contractual extensions and renewal options are unconditionally cancellable by the Company (that is, the Company has no obligation to extend or renew existing loans), and therefore are not considered in measuring expected credit losses. In May 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-05 "Targeted Transition Relief," which allows entities to irrevocably elect the fair value option for certain financial assets measured at amortized cost, not including held-to-maturity investment securities which will continue to be measured at amortized cost. This will apply to those institutions that elect the fair value option on newly originated or purchased financial assets, to avoid the possibility of dual measurement methodologies for identical or similar financial assets.
Although early adoption is allowed in 2019, the Company plans on adopting the standard in the first quarter of 2020, in order to maximize the accumulation of data needed to calculate the new current expected credit loss (CECL) methodologies. The ASU describes several acceptable methodologies for calculating expected losses on a loan or a pool of loans and requires additional disclosures. The initial adjustment will not be reported in earnings, but as the cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle. The Company has continued its implementation efforts with the development and testing of various methods within its core model, and has tentatively identified the discounted cash flow method for determining losses for the commercial loan portfolios and the residential real estate portfolios, and the vintage method for the consumer indirect loan portfolio. Based on further testing, these methods may change prior to adoption. As a result of analyses performed, including the availability of future economic data, the Company plans to utilize an 18-month reasonable and supportable forecast period, and reverting to an historic loss rate using the straight-line method over a two year reversion period. The Company has identified the economic data that best correlates with expected loan losses through the use of various regression analyses of historical economic information and loan losses. The adoption of this standard will change the way qualitative factors are determined as compared to the current methodology used under the incurred loss model. The Company has been evaluating various methodologies and data to determine the appropriate qualitative factor loss rates that are not included in the CECL total loss computation using the above-mentioned methods, losses from the reasonable and supportable forecast and reversion process. The Company continues to monitor new regulatory guidance and is updating relevant internal controls and processes. . The Company expects to remain a well-capitalized financial institution under current regulatory calculations.
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13 "Disclosure Framework-Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement" as part of its disclosure framework, and pursuant to which FASB has eliminated, amended and added disclosure requirements for fair value measurements. The following disclosure requirements were eliminated: amount of and reasons for transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy; the policy of the timing of transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy; and the valuation processes for Level 3 fair value measurements. For public companies such as Arrow, the following new disclosures will be required: changes in unrealized gains and losses for the period included in other comprehensive income (OCI); the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used or, alternatively, a company may choose to disclose other quantitative information if it determines that it is a more reasonable and rational method that reflects the distribution of unobservable inputs used. For Arrow, the standard becomes effective in the first quarter of 2020. The Company does not expect that the adoption of this change in fair value disclosure will have a material impact on its financial position or the results of operations in periods subsequent to its adoption.
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-14 "Disclosure Framework-Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans" which applies to all companies that provide defined benefit pension or other postretirement benefit plans for their employees. Certain disclosure requirements have been eliminated such as reporting the amounts in accumulated other comprehensive income expected to be recognized as components of net periodic benefit cost over the next year, and reporting the effects of a one-percentage-point change in the assumed healthcare cost trend rate on the aggregate of the service cost and interest cost components of net periodic benefit cost and on the benefit obligation for postretirement healthcare benefits. New required disclosures for reporting the weighted-average interest rate used to credit cash balance and similar plans that have a promised interest credit, the reasons for significant gains and losses affecting benefit obligations and other requirements for reporting aggregate information related to pension plans. For Arrow, the standard becomes effective at December 31, 2020. The Company does not expect that the adoption of this change affecting defined benefit plan disclosures will have a material impact on its financial position or the results of operations.
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15 "Customer's Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract" which will require companies to defer potentially significant, specified implementation costs incurred in a cloud computing arrangement that are currently often expensed under US GAAP. For Arrow, the standard becomes effective at January 1, 2020. The Company does not expect that the adoption of this standard will have a material impact on its financial position or the results of operations in periods subsequent to its adoption.
# 11

Note 2. INVESTMENT SECURITIES (In Thousands)
The following table is the schedule of Available-For-Sale Securities at September 30, 2019, December 31, 2018 and September 30, 2018:

Available-For-Sale Securities
|  | U.S. Government & Agency Obligations |  | State and Municipal Obligations |  | Mortgage- Backed Securities |  | Corporate and Other Debt Securities |  | Total Available- For-Sale Securities
September 30, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Available-For-Sale Securities, at Amortized Cost |  | $ | 5,003 |  |  | $ | 965 |  |  | $ | 306,374 |  |  | $ | 1,000 |  |  | $ | 313,342 |
Available-For-Sale Securities, at Fair Value |  | 5,056 |  |  | 965 |  |  | 307,361 |  |  | 800 |  |  | 314,182 |
Gross Unrealized Gains |  | 53 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,482 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,535 |
Gross Unrealized Losses |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 495 |  |  | 200 |  |  | 695 |
Available-For-Sale Securities, Pledged as Collateral |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 232,043 |
Maturities of Debt Securities, at Amortized Cost: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Within One Year |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 226 |  |  | $ | 81 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 307 |
From 1 - 5 Years |  | 5,003 |  |  | 299 |  |  | 184,202 |  |  | — |  |  | 189,504 |
From 5 - 10 Years |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 84,036 |  |  | — |  |  | 84,036 |
Over 10 Years |  | — |  |  | 440 |  |  | 38,055 |  |  | 1,000 |  |  | 39,495 |
Maturities of Debt Securities, at Fair Value: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Within One Year |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 227 |  |  | $ | 82 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 309 |
From 1 - 5 Years |  | 5,056 |  |  | 299 |  |  | 185,197 |  |  | — |  |  | 190,552 |
From 5 - 10 Years |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 84,013 |  |  | — |  |  | 84,013 |
Over 10 Years |  | — |  |  | 439 |  |  | 38,069 |  |  | 800 |  |  | 39,308 |
Securities in a Continuous Loss Position, at Fair Value: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Less than 12 Months |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,763 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,763 |
12 Months or Longer |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 114,483 |  |  | 800 |  |  | 115,283 |
Total |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 119,246 |  |  | $ | 800 |  |  | $ | 120,046 |
Number of Securities in a Continuous Loss Position |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 48 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 49 |
Unrealized Losses on Securities in a Continuous Loss Position: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Less than 12 Months |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 70 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 70 |
12 Months or Longer |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 425 |  |  | 200 |  |  | 625 |
Total |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 495 |  |  | $ | 200 |  |  | $ | 695 |
Disaggregated Details: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
US Treasury Obligations, at Amortized Cost |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
US Treasury Obligations, at Fair Value |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
US Agency Obligations, at Amortized Cost |  | 5,003 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
US Agency Obligations, at Fair Value |  | 5,056 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
US Government Agency Securities, at Amortized Cost |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 64,455 |  |  |  |  |
US Government Agency Securities, at Fair Value |  |  |  |  |  | 64,364 |  |  |  |  |
Government Sponsored Entity Securities, at Amortized Cost |  |  |  |  |  | 241,919 |  |  |  |  |
Government Sponsored Entity Securities, at Fair Value |  |  |  |  |  | 242,997 |  |  |  |  |

# 12

Available-For-Sale Securities
|  | U.S. Government & Agency Obligations |  | State and Municipal Obligations |  | Mortgage- Backed Securities |  | Corporate and Other Debt Securities |  | Total Available- For-Sale Securities
December 31, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Available-For-Sale Securities, at Amortized Cost |  | $ | 47,071 |  |  | $ | 1,193 |  |  | $ | 273,227 |  |  | $ | 1,000 |  |  | $ | 322,491 |
Available-For-Sale Securities, at Fair Value |  | 46,765 |  |  | 1,195 |  |  | 268,775 |  |  | 800 |  |  | 317,535 |
Gross Unrealized Gains |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | 288 |  |  | — |  |  | 290 |
Gross Unrealized Losses |  | 306 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,740 |  |  | 200 |  |  | 5,246 |
Available-For-Sale Securities, Pledged as Collateral, at Fair Value |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 236,163 |
Securities in a Continuous Loss Position, at Fair Value: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Less than 12 Months |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 107,550 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 107,550 |
12 Months or Longer |  | 46,765 |  |  | — |  |  | 124,627 |  |  | 800 |  |  | 172,192 |
Total |  | $ | 46,765 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 232,177 |  |  | $ | 800 |  |  | $ | 279,742 |
Number of Securities in a Continuous Loss Position |  | 10 |  |  | — |  |  | 86 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 97 |
Unrealized Losses on Securities in a Continuous Loss Position: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Less than 12 Months |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 841 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 841 |
12 Months or Longer |  | 306 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,899 |  |  | 200 |  |  | 4,405 |
Total |  | $ | 306 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,740 |  |  | $ | 200 |  |  | $ | 5,246 |
Disaggregated Details: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
US Treasury Obligations, at Amortized Cost |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
US Treasury Obligations, at Fair Value |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
US Agency Obligations, at Amortized Cost |  | 47,071 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
US Agency Obligations, at Fair Value |  | 46,765 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
US Government Agency Securities, at Amortized Cost |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 72,095 |  |  |  |  |
US Government Agency Securities, at Fair Value |  |  |  |  |  | 71,800 |  |  |  |  |
Government Sponsored Entity Securities, at Amortized Cost |  |  |  |  |  | 201,132 |  |  |  |  |
Government Sponsored Entity Securities, at Fair Value |  |  |  |  |  | 196,975 |  |  |  |  |

# 13

Available-For-Sale Securities
|  | U.S. Government & Agency Obligations |  | State and Municipal Obligations |  | Mortgage- Backed Securities |  | Corporate and Other Debt Securities |  | Total Available- For-Sale Securities
September 30, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Available-For-Sale Securities, at Amortized Cost |  | $ | 60,135 |  |  | $ | 2,545 |  |  | $ | 284,236 |  |  | $ | 1,000 |  |  | $ | 347,916 |
Available-For-Sale Securities, at Fair Value |  | 59,602 |  |  | 2,548 |  |  | 277,461 |  |  | 800 |  |  | 340,411 |
Gross Unrealized Gains |  | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | 201 |  |  | — |  |  | 204 |
Gross Unrealized Losses |  | 533 |  |  | — |  |  | 6,976 |  |  | 200 |  |  | 7,709 |
Available-For-Sale Securities, Pledged as Collateral |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 219,587 |
Securities in a Continuous Loss Position, at Fair Value: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Less than 12 Months |  | $ | 4,831 |  |  | $ | 1,120 |  |  | $ | 167,718 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 173,669 |
12 Months or Longer |  | 54,771 |  |  | — |  |  | 71,433 |  |  | 800 |  |  | 127,004 |
Total |  | $ | 59,602 |  |  | $ | 1,120 |  |  | $ | 239,151 |  |  | $ | 800 |  |  | $ | 300,673 |
Number of Securities in a Continuous Loss Position |  | 14 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 90 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 110 |
Unrealized Losses on Securities in a Continuous Loss Position: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Less than 12 Months |  | $ | 193 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,165 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,358 |
12 Months or Longer |  | 340 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,811 |  |  | 200 |  |  | 4,351 |
Total |  | $ | 533 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 6,976 |  |  | $ | 200 |  |  | $ | 7,709 |
Disaggregated Details: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
US Treasury Obligations, at Amortized Cost |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
US Treasury Obligations, at Fair Value |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
US Agency Obligations, at Amortized Cost |  | 60,135 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
US Agency Obligations, at Fair Value |  | 59,602 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
US Government Agency Securities, at Amortized Cost |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 74,160 |  |  |  |  |
US Government Agency Securities, at Fair Value |  |  |  |  |  | 74,098 |  |  |  |  |
Government Sponsored Entity Securities, at Amortized Cost |  |  |  |  |  | 210,076 |  |  |  |  |
Government Sponsored Entity Securities, at Fair Value |  |  |  |  |  | 203,363 |  |  |  |  |

# 14

The following table is the schedule of Held-To-Maturity Securities at September 30, 2019, December 31, 2018 and September 30, 2018:

Held-To-Maturity Securities
|  | State and Municipal Obligations |  | Mortgage- Backed Securities |  | Total Held-To Maturity Securities
September 30, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |
Held-To-Maturity Securities, at Amortized Cost |  | $ | 215,661 |  |  | $ | 39,434 |  |  | $ | 255,095 |
Held-To-Maturity Securities, at Fair Value |  | 219,296 |  |  | 39,832 |  |  | 259,128 |
Gross Unrealized Gains |  | 3,669 |  |  | 408 |  |  | 4,077 |
Gross Unrealized Losses |  | 34 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 44 |
Held-To-Maturity Securities, Pledged as Collateral |  |  |  |  |  | 244,373 |
Maturities of Debt Securities, at Amortized Cost: |  |  |  |  |  |
Within One Year |  | $ | 21,974 |  |  | $ | 3,691 |  |  | $ | 25,665 |
From 1 - 5 Years |  | 112,660 |  |  | 35,743 |  |  | 148,403 |
From 5 - 10 Years |  | 79,378 |  |  | — |  |  | 79,378 |
Over 10 Years |  | 1,649 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,649 |
Maturities of Debt Securities, at Fair Value: |  |  |  |  |  |
Within One Year |  | $ | 22,007 |  |  | $ | 3,689 |  |  | $ | 25,696 |
From 1 - 5 Years |  | 114,246 |  |  | 36,143 |  |  | 150,389 |
From 5 - 10 Years |  | 81,359 |  |  | — |  |  | 81,359 |
Over 10 Years |  | 1,684 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,684 |
Securities in a Continuous Loss Position, at Fair Value: |  |  |  |  |  |
Less than 12 Months |  | $ | 763 |  |  | $ | 3,082 |  |  | $ | 3,845 |
12 Months or Longer |  | 6,764 |  |  | 1,711 |  |  | 8,475 |
Total |  | $ | 7,527 |  |  | $ | 4,793 |  |  | $ | 12,320 |
Number of Securities in a Continuous Loss Position |  | 19 |  |  | 19 |  |  | 38 |
Unrealized Losses on Securities in a Continuous Loss Position: |  |  |  |  |  |
Less than 12 Months |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 9 |  |  | $ | 10 |
12 Months or Longer |  | 33 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 34 |
Total |  | $ | 34 |  |  | $ | 10 |  |  | $ | 44 |
Disaggregated Details: |  |  |  |  |  |
US Government Agency Securities, at Amortized Cost |  |  |  | $ | 1,844 |  |  |
US Government Agency Securities, at Fair Value |  |  |  | 1,854 |  |  |
Government Sponsored Entity Securities, at Amortized Cost |  |  |  | 37,590 |  |  |
Government Sponsored Entity Securities, at Fair Value |  |  |  | 37,978 |  |  |

# 15

Held-To-Maturity Securities
|  | State and Municipal Obligations |  | Mortgage- Backed Securities |  | Total Held-To Maturity Securities
December 31, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |
Held-To-Maturity Securities, at Amortized Cost |  | $ | 235,782 |  |  | $ | 47,694 |  |  | $ | 283,476 |
Held-To-Maturity Securities, at Fair Value |  | 233,359 |  |  | 46,979 |  |  | 280,338 |
Gross Unrealized Gains |  | 486 |  |  | — |  |  | 486 |
Gross Unrealized Losses |  | 2,909 |  |  | 715 |  |  | 3,624 |
Held-To-Maturity Securities, Pledged as Collateral |  |  |  |  |  | 266,341 |
Securities in a Continuous Loss Position, at Fair Value: |  |  |  |  |  |
Less than 12 Months |  | $ | 32,093 |  |  | $ | 33,309 |  |  | $ | 65,402 |
12 Months or Longer |  | 110,947 |  |  | 13,670 |  |  | 124,617 |
Total |  | $ | 143,040 |  |  | $ | 46,979 |  |  | $ | 190,019 |
Number of Securities in a Continuous Loss Position |  | 411 |  |  | 47 |  |  | 458 |
Unrealized Losses on Securities in a Continuous Loss Position: |  |  |  |  |  |
Less than 12 Months |  | $ | 162 |  |  | $ | 456 |  |  | $ | 618 |
12 Months or Longer |  | 2,747 |  |  | 259 |  |  | 3,006 |
Total |  | $ | 2,909 |  |  | $ | 715 |  |  | $ | 3,624 |
Disaggregated Details: |  |  |  |  |  |
US Government Agency Securities, at Amortized Cost |  |  |  | $ | 2,180 |  |  |
US Government Agency Securities, at Fair Value |  |  |  | 2,143 |  |  |
Government Sponsored Entity Securities, at Amortized Cost |  |  |  | 45,514 |  |  |
Government Sponsored Entity Securities, at Fair Value |  |  |  | 44,836 |  |  |
September 30, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |
Held-To-Maturity Securities, at Amortized Cost |  | $ | 239,367 |  |  | $ | 50,585 |  |  | $ | 289,952 |
Held-To-Maturity Securities, at Fair Value |  | 233,557 |  |  | 49,162 |  |  | 282,719 |
Gross Unrealized Gains |  | 261 |  |  | — |  |  | 261 |
Gross Unrealized Losses |  | 6,071 |  |  | 1,423 |  |  | 7,494 |
Held-To-Maturity Securities, Pledged as Collateral |  |  |  |  |  | 268,229 |
Securities in a Continuous Loss Position, at Fair Value: |  |  |  |  |  |
Less than 12 Months |  | $ | 95,944 |  |  | $ | 46,375 |  |  | $ | 142,319 |
12 Months or Longer |  | 86,378 |  |  | 2,787 |  |  | 89,165 |
Total |  | $ | 182,322 |  |  | $ | 49,162 |  |  | $ | 231,484 |
Number of Securities in a Continuous Loss Position |  | 535 |  |  | 47 |  |  | 582 |
Unrealized Losses on Securities in a Continuous Loss Position: |  |  |  |  |  |
Less than 12 Months |  | $ | 1,443 |  |  | $ | 1,303 |  |  | $ | 2,746 |
12 Months or Longer |  | 4,628 |  |  | 120 |  |  | 4,748 |
Total |  | $ | 6,071 |  |  | $ | 1,423 |  |  | $ | 7,494 |

# 16

Held-To-Maturity Securities
|  | State and Municipal Obligations |  | Mortgage- Backed Securities |  | Total Held-To Maturity Securities
September 30, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |
Disaggregated Details: |  |  |  |  |  |
US Government Agency Securities, at Amortized Cost |  |  |  | $ | 3,147 |  |  |
US Government Agency Securities, at Fair Value |  |  |  | 2,222 |  |  |
Government Sponsored Entity Securities, at Amortized Cost |  |  |  | 47,438 |  |  |
Government Sponsored Entity Securities, at Fair Value |  |  |  | 46,940 |  |  |

In the tables above, maturities of mortgage-backed securities are included based on their expected average lives. Actual maturities will differ because issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without prepayment penalties.
Securities in a continuous loss position, in the tables above for September 30, 2019, December 31, 2018 and September 30, 2018, do not reflect any deterioration of the credit worthiness of the issuing entities. U.S. government agency securities, including mortgage-backed securities, are all rated AAA by Moody's and AA+ by Standard and Poor's. The state and municipal obligations are general obligations supported by the general taxing authority of the issuer, and in some cases are insured. Obligations issued by school districts are supported by state aid. Credit analysis is performed in-house based upon data that has been submitted by the issuers to the New York State Comptroller. That analysis shows no deterioration in the credit worthiness of the municipalities. Subsequent to September 30, 2019, there were no securities downgraded below investment grade.
The unrealized losses on these temporarily impaired securities are primarily the result of changes in interest rates for fixed rate securities where the interest rate received is less than the current rate available for new offerings of similar securities, changes in market spreads as a result of shifts in supply and demand, and/or changes in the level of prepayments for mortgage related securities. Because there is no current intention to sell any of our temporarily impaired securities, and because it is not more likely than not that it would be required to sell the securities prior to recovery, the impairment is considered temporary.
Pledged securities, in the tables above, are primarily used to collateralize state and municipal deposits, as required under New York State law. A portion of the pledged securities are used to collateralize repurchase agreements and pooled deposits of our trust customers.
The following table is the schedule of Equity Securities at September 30, 2019, December 31, 2018 and September 30, 2018:

Equity Securities
|  | September 30, 2019 | December 31, 2018 | September 30, 2018
Equity Securities, at Fair Value |  | $1,996 | $1,774 | $1,916

The following is a summary of realized and unrealized gains and losses recognized in net income on equity securities during the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2019 and 2018:

| Quarterly Period Ended: |  | Year-to-Date Period Ended:
| September 30, 2019 |  | September 30, 2018 |  | September 30, 2019 |  | September 30, 2018
Net Gain on Equity Securities | $ | 146 |  |  | $ | 114 |  |  | $ | 222 |  |  | $ | 355 |
Less: Net gain (loss) recognized during the reporting period on equity securities sold during the period | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Unrealized net gain recognized during the reporting period on equity securities still held at the reporting date | $ | 146 |  |  | $ | 114 |  |  | $ | 222 |  |  | $ | 355 |

# 17

Note 3. LOANS (In Thousands)
Loan Categories and Past Due Loans
The following table presents loan balances outstanding as of September 30, 2019, December 31, 2018 and September 30, 2018 and an analysis of the recorded investment in loans that are past due at these dates. Generally, Arrow considers a loan past due 30 or more days when the borrower is two payments past due. Loans held-for-sale of $1,905, $215 and $201 as of September 30, 2019, December 31, 2018 and September 30, 2018, respectively, are included in the residential real estate balances for current loans.

Schedule of Past Due Loans by Loan Category
|  |  | Commercial |  |  |  |  |  |
| Commercial |  | Real Estate |  | Consumer |  | Residential |  | Total
September 30, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans Past Due 30-59 Days | $ | 99 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5,216 |  |  | $ | 241 |  |  | $ | 5,556 |
Loans Past Due 60-89 Days | 48 |  |  | 30 |  |  | 1,624 |  |  | 1,011 |  |  | 2,713 |
Loans Past Due 90 or more Days | — |  |  | 328 |  |  | 415 |  |  | 2,387 |  |  | 3,130 |
Total Loans Past Due | 147 |  |  | 358 |  |  | 7,255 |  |  | 3,639 |  |  | 11,399 |
Current Loans | 141,988 |  |  | 497,725 |  |  | 798,542 |  |  | 885,937 |  |  | 2,324,192 |
Total Loans | $ | 142,135 |  |  | $ | 498,083 |  |  | $ | 805,797 |  |  | $ | 889,576 |  |  | $ | 2,335,591 |
Loans 90 or More Days Past Due and Still Accruing Interest | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 86 |  |  | $ | 980 |  |  | $ | 1,066 |
Nonaccrual Loans | 28 |  |  | 465 |  |  | 564 |  |  | 2,408 |  |  | 3,465 |
December 31, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans Past Due 30-59 Days | $ | 121 |  |  | $ | 108 |  |  | $ | 5,369 |  |  | $ | 281 |  |  | $ | 5,879 |
Loans Past Due 60-89 Days | 49 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,136 |  |  | 1,908 |  |  | 4,093 |
Loans Past Due 90 or more Days | — |  |  | 789 |  |  | 572 |  |  | 1,844 |  |  | 3,205 |
Total Loans Past Due | 170 |  |  | 897 |  |  | 8,077 |  |  | 4,033 |  |  | 13,177 |
Current Loans | 136,720 |  |  | 483,665 |  |  | 711,433 |  |  | 851,220 |  |  | 2,183,038 |
Total Loans | $ | 136,890 |  |  | $ | 484,562 |  |  | $ | 719,510 |  |  | $ | 855,253 |  |  | $ | 2,196,215 |
Loans 90 or More Days Past Due and Still Accruing Interest | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 144 |  |  | $ | 1,081 |  |  | $ | 1,225 |
Nonaccrual Loans | 403 |  |  | 789 |  |  | 658 |  |  | 2,309 |  |  | 4,159 |
September 30, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans Past Due 30-59 Days | $ | 198 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5,651 |  |  | $ | 2,896 |  |  | $ | 8,745 |
Loans Past Due 60-89 Days | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,307 |  |  | 47 |  |  | 1,354 |
Loans Past Due 90 or more Days | 76 |  |  | 807 |  |  | 494 |  |  | 1,523 |  |  | 2,900 |
Total Loans Past Due | 274 |  |  | 807 |  |  | 7,452 |  |  | 4,466 |  |  | 12,999 |
Current Loans | 126,838 |  |  | 469,315 |  |  | 686,736 |  |  | 830,212 |  |  | 2,113,101 |
Total Loans | $ | 127,112 |  |  | $ | 470,122 |  |  | $ | 694,188 |  |  | $ | 834,678 |  |  | $ | 2,126,100 |
Loans 90 or More Days Past Due and Still Accruing Interest | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 192 |  |  | $ | 980 |  |  | $ | 1,172 |
Nonaccrual Loans | 674 |  |  | 807 |  |  | 540 |  |  | 2,447 |  |  | 4,468 |

The Company disaggregates its loan portfolio into the following four categories:
Commercial - The Company offers a variety of loan options to meet the specific needs of commercial customers including term loans, time notes and lines of credit. Such loans are made available to businesses for working capital needs such as inventory and receivables, business expansion and equipment purchases. Generally, a collateral lien is placed on equipment or other assets owned by the borrower. Generally, these loans carry a higher risk than commercial real estate loans, due primarily to the nature of the underlying collateral, which can be business assets such as equipment and accounts receivable and generally have a lower liquidation value than real estate. In the event of default by the borrower, the Company may be required to liquidate collateral at deeply discounted values. To reduce the risk, management usually obtains personal guarantees to support the borrowing, as permitted by applicable law.
# 18

Commercial Real Estate - The Company offers commercial real estate loans to finance real estate purchases, refinancings, expansions and improvements to commercial properties. Commercial real estate loans are often made to finance the purchases of real property which generally consists of real estate with completed structures. These commercial real estate loans are typically secured by first liens on the real estate, which may include apartments, commercial structures, housing businesses, healthcare facilities, and both owner- and non-owner-occupied facilities. These loans are typically less risky than commercial loans, since they are secured by real estate and buildings, and are generally originated in amounts of no more than 80% of the appraised value of the property. However, the Company also offers commercial construction and land development loans to finance projects. Many projects will ultimately be used by the borrowers' businesses, while others are developed for resale. These real estate loans are also typically secured by first liens on the real estate, which may include apartments, commercial structures, housing businesses, healthcare facilities and both owner-occupied and non-owner-occupied facilities. There is enhanced risk during the construction period, since the loan is secured by an incomplete project.
Consumer Loans - Included in this category are automobile loans. The Company primarily finances the purchases of automobiles indirectly through dealer relationships located throughout upstate New York and Vermont. Most of these indirect consumer loans carry a fixed rate of interest with principal repayment terms typically ranging from three to seven years. Indirect consumer loans are underwritten on a secured basis using the underlying collateral being financed. The Company also offers a variety of consumer installment loans to finance personal expenditures. Most of these loans carry a fixed rate of interest with principal repayment terms typically ranging from one to five years, based upon the nature of the collateral and the size of the loan. In addition to installment loans, the Company also offers personal lines of credit and overdraft protection. Several loans are unsecured, which carry a higher risk of loss.
Residential - Residential real estate loans consist primarily of loans secured by first or second mortgages on primary residences. The Company originates fixed-rate and adjustable-rate one-to-four-family residential real estate loans for construction, the purchase of real estate or refinancing of an existing mortgage. These loans are collateralized primarily by owner-occupied properties generally located in the Company’s market area. Loans on one-to-four-family residential real estate are generally originated in amounts of no more than 80% of the purchase price or appraised value (whichever is lower), or have private mortgage insurance. The Company’s underwriting analysis for residential mortgage loans typically includes credit verification, independent appraisals, and a review of the borrower’s financial condition. Mortgage title insurance and hazard insurance are normally required. It is the Company's general practice to underwrite residential real estate loans to secondary market standards. Construction loans have a unique risk, because they are secured by an incomplete dwelling. This risk is reduced through periodic site inspections, including one at each loan draw period. In addition, the Company offers fixed home equity loans, as well as variable rate home equity lines of credit, to consumers to finance home improvements, debt consolidation, education and other uses. The Company's policy allows for a maximum loan to value ratio of 80%, although periodically higher advances are allowed. The Company originates home equity lines of credit and second mortgage loans (loans secured by a second junior lien position on one-to-four-family residential real estate). Risk is generally reduced through underwriting criteria, which include credit verification, appraisals, a review of the borrower's financial condition, and personal cash flows. A security interest, with title insurance when necessary, is taken in the underlying real estate.
Allowance for Loan Losses
The following table presents a roll-forward of the allowance for loan losses and other information pertaining to the allowance for loan losses:

Allowance for Loan Losses
|  |  | Commercial |  |  |  |  |  |
| Commercial |  | Real Estate |  | Consumer |  | Residential |  | Total
Roll-forward of the Allowance for Loan Losses for the Quarterly Periods: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
June 30, 2019 | $ | 1,231 |  |  | $ | 5,459 |  |  | $ | 9,654 |  |  | $ | 4,351 |  |  | $ | 20,695 |
Charge-offs | (11 | ) |  | — |  |  | (351 | ) |  | (40 | ) |  | (402 | )
Recoveries | — |  |  | — |  |  | 120 |  |  | — |  |  | 120 |
Provision | 42 |  |  | 162 |  |  | 263 |  |  | 51 |  |  | 518 |
September 30, 2019 | $ | 1,262 |  |  | $ | 5,621 |  |  | $ | 9,686 |  |  | $ | 4,362 |  |  | $ | 20,931 |
June 30, 2018 | $ | 944 |  |  | $ | 5,838 |  |  | $ | 8,337 |  |  | $ | 4,521 |  |  | $ | 19,640 |
Charge-offs | — |  |  | — |  |  | (300 | ) |  | (25 | ) |  | (325 | )
Recoveries | — |  |  | — |  |  | 102 |  |  | — |  |  | 102 |
Provision | 99 |  |  | 81 |  |  | 551 |  |  | (145 | ) |  | 586 |
September 30, 2018 | $ | 1,043 |  |  | $ | 5,919 |  |  | $ | 8,690 |  |  | $ | 4,351 |  |  | $ | 20,003 |

# 19

Allowance for Loan Losses
|  |  | Commercial |  |  |  |  |  |
| Commercial |  | Real Estate |  | Consumer |  | Residential |  | Total
Roll-forward of the Allowance for Loan Losses for the Year-to-Date Periods: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
December 31, 2018 | $ | 1,218 |  |  | $ | 5,644 |  |  | $ | 8,882 |  |  | $ | 4,452 |  |  | $ | 20,196 |
Charge-offs | (12 | ) |  | (29 | ) |  | (1,137 | ) |  | (54 | ) |  | (1,232 | )
Recoveries | 98 |  |  | — |  |  | 424 |  |  | — |  |  | 522 |
Provision | (42 | ) |  | 6 |  |  | 1,517 |  |  | (36 | ) |  | 1,445 |
September 30, 2019 | $ | 1,262 |  |  | $ | 5,621 |  |  | $ | 9,686 |  |  | $ | 4,362 |  |  | $ | 20,931 |
December 31, 2017 | $ | 1,873 |  |  | $ | 4,504 |  |  | $ | 7,604 |  |  | $ | 4,605 |  |  | $ | 18,586 |
Charge-offs | (16 | ) |  | — |  |  | (895 | ) |  | (49 | ) |  | (960 | )
Recoveries | 1 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 403 |  |  | — |  |  | 416 |
Provision | (815 | ) |  | 1,403 |  |  | 1,578 |  |  | (205 | ) |  | 1,961 |
September 30, 2018 | $ | 1,043 |  |  | $ | 5,919 |  |  | $ | 8,690 |  |  | $ | 4,351 |  |  | $ | 20,003 |
September 30, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Allowance for loan losses - Loans Individually Evaluated for Impairment | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5 |
Allowance for loan losses - Loans Collectively Evaluated for Impairment | 1,257 |  |  | 5,621 |  |  | 9,686 |  |  | 4,362 |  |  | 20,926 |
Ending Loan Balance - Individually Evaluated for Impairment | 36 |  |  | — |  |  | 113 |  |  | 575 |  |  | 724 |
Ending Loan Balance - Collectively Evaluated for Impairment | $ | 142,099 |  |  | $ | 498,083 |  |  | $ | 805,684 |  |  | $ | 889,001 |  |  | $ | 2,334,867 |
December 31, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Allowance for loan losses - Loans Individually Evaluated for Impairment | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 4 |
Allowance for loan losses - Loans Collectively Evaluated for Impairment | 1,218 |  |  | 5,644 |  |  | 8,882 |  |  | 4,448 |  |  | 20,192 |
Ending Loan Balance - Individually Evaluated for Impairment | 430 |  |  | 793 |  |  | 101 |  |  | 1,899 |  |  | 3,223 |
Ending Loan Balance - Collectively Evaluated for Impairment | $ | 136,460 |  |  | $ | 483,769 |  |  | $ | 719,409 |  |  | $ | 853,354 |  |  | $ | 2,192,992 |
September 30, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Allowance for loan losses - Loans Individually Evaluated for Impairment | $ | 84 |  |  | $ | 45 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 48 |  |  | $ | 177 |
Allowance for loan losses - Loans Collectively Evaluated for Impairment | 959 |  |  | 5,874 |  |  | 8,690 |  |  | 4,303 |  |  | 19,826 |
Ending Loan Balance - Individually Evaluated for Impairment | 489 |  |  | 812 |  |  | 109 |  |  | 2,013 |  |  | 3,423 |
Ending Loan Balance - Collectively Evaluated for Impairment | $ | 126,623 |  |  | $ | 469,310 |  |  | $ | 694,079 |  |  | $ | 832,665 |  |  | $ | 2,122,677 |

# 20

Through the provision for loan losses, an allowance for loan losses is maintained that reflects the best estimate of the incurred risk of loss in the Company’s loan portfolio as of the balance sheet date. Additions are made to the allowance for loan losses through a periodic provision for loan losses. Actual loan losses are charged against the allowance for loan losses when loans are deemed uncollectible and recoveries of amounts previously charged off are recorded as credits to the allowance for loan losses.
Our loan officers and risk managers meet at least quarterly to discuss and review the conditions and risks associated with certain criticized and classified commercial-related relationships. In addition, our independent internal loan review department performs periodic reviews of the credit quality indicators on individual loans in the commercial loan portfolio.
The Company uses a two-step process to determine the provision for loan losses and the amount of the allowance for loan losses. An evaluation of impaired loans is performed on a quarterly basis. Impaired loans are generally nonaccrual loans over $250 thousand and all troubled debt restructured loans. Our impaired loans are generally considered to be collateral dependent with the charge-off, if any, determined based on the value of the collateral less estimated costs to sell.
The remainder of the portfolio is evaluated on a pooled basis, as described below. For each homogeneous loan pool, a total loss factor is estimated based on the historical net loss rates adjusted for applicable qualitative factors. The total loss factors assigned to each loan category are updated on a quarterly basis. For the commercial, commercial construction and commercial real estate categories, the loan categories are further segregated by credit risk profile (pools of loans graded pass, special mention and accruing substandard). Additional description of the credit risk classifications is detailed in the Credit Quality Indicators section of this note.
The historical net loss rate is determined for each loan category using a trailing three-year net charge-off average. While historical net loss experience provides a reasonable starting point for analysis, historical net losses, or even recent trends in net losses, do not by themselves form a sufficient basis to determine the appropriate level of the allowance for loan losses. Therefore, historical net loss factors are considered and adjusted for qualitative factors that impact the incurred risk of loss associated with the loan categories within the total loan portfolio. These include:

• | Changes in the volume and severity of past due, nonaccrual and adversely classified loans

• | Changes in the nature and volume of the portfolio and in the terms of loans

• | Changes in the value of the underlying collateral for collateral dependent loans

• | Changes in lending policies and procedures, including changes in underwriting standards and collection, charge-off, and recovery practices not considered elsewhere in estimating credit losses

• | Changes in the quality of the loan review system

• | Changes in the experience, ability, and depth of lending management and other relevant staff

• | Changes in international, national, regional, and local economic and business conditions and developments that affect the collectibility of the portfolio

• | The existence and effect of any concentrations of credit, and changes in the level of such concentrations

• | The effect of other external factors such as competition and legal and regulatory requirements on the level of estimated credit losses in the existing portfolio or pool

# 21

Loan Credit Quality Indicators
The following table presents the credit quality indicators by loan category at September 30, 2019, December 31, 2018 and September 30, 2018:

Loan Credit Quality Indicators
|  |  | Commercial |  |  |  |  |  |
| Commercial |  | Real Estate |  | Consumer |  | Residential |  | Total
September 30, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Credit Risk Profile by Creditworthiness Category: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Satisfactory | $ | 135,355 |  |  | $ | 471,637 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 606,992 |
Special Mention | 107 |  |  | 2,484 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,591 |
Substandard | 6,673 |  |  | 23,962 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 30,635 |
Doubtful | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |
Credit Risk Profile Based on Payment Activity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Performing |  |  |  |  | $ | 805,147 |  |  | $ | 886,188 |  |  | $ | 1,691,335 |
Nonperforming |  |  |  |  | 650 |  |  | 3,388 |  |  | 4,038 |
December 31, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Credit Risk Profile by Creditworthiness Category: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Satisfactory | $ | 129,584 |  |  | $ | 456,868 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 586,452 |
Special Mention | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |
Substandard | 7,306 |  |  | 26,905 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 34,211 |
Doubtful | — |  |  | 789 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 789 |
Credit Risk Profile Based on Payment Activity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Performing |  |  |  |  | $ | 718,708 |  |  | $ | 851,863 |  |  | $ | 1,570,571 |
Nonperforming |  |  |  |  | 802 |  |  | 3,390 |  |  | 4,192 |
September 30, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Credit Risk Profile by Creditworthiness Category: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Satisfactory | $ | 119,217 |  |  | $ | 440,114 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 559,331 |
Special Mention | 5,949 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | 5,949 |
Substandard | 1,946 |  |  | 29,201 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 31,147 |
Doubtful | — |  |  | 807 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 807 |
Credit Risk Profile Based on Payment Activity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Performing |  |  |  |  | $ | 693,648 |  |  | $ | 832,231 |  |  | $ | 1,525,879 |
Nonperforming |  |  |  |  | 540 |  |  | 2,447 |  |  | 2,987 |

For the purposes of the table above, nonperforming consumer and residential loans are those loans on nonaccrual status or are 90 days or more past due and still accruing interest.
For the allowance calculation, an internally developed system of five credit quality indicators is used to rate the credit worthiness of each commercial loan defined as follows:
1) Satisfactory - "Satisfactory" borrowers have acceptable financial condition with satisfactory record of earnings and sufficient historical and projected cash flow to service the debt. Borrowers have satisfactory repayment histories and primary and secondary sources of repayment can be clearly identified;
2) Special Mention - Loans in this category have potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the asset or in the institution’s credit position at some future date. "Special mention" assets are not adversely classified and do not expose an institution to sufficient risk to warrant adverse classification. Loans which might be assigned this credit quality indicator include loans to borrowers with deteriorating financial strength and/or earnings record and loans with potential for problems due to weakening economic or market conditions;
3) Substandard - Loans classified as “substandard” are inadequately protected by the current sound net worth or paying capacity of the borrower or the collateral pledged, if any. Loans in this category have well defined weaknesses that jeopardize the repayment. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. “Substandard”
# 22

loans may include loans which are likely to require liquidation of collateral to effect repayment, and other loans where character or ability to repay has become suspect. Loss potential, while existing in the aggregate amount of substandard assets, does not have to exist in individual assets classified substandard;
4) Doubtful - Loans classified as “doubtful” have all of the weaknesses inherent in those classified as “substandard” with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of current existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. Although possibility of loss is extremely high, classification of these loans as “loss” has been deferred due to specific pending factors or events which may strengthen the value (e.g. possibility of additional collateral, injection of capital, collateral liquidation, debt restructure, economic recovery, etc). Loans classified as “doubtful” need to be placed on non-accrual; and
5) Loss - Loans classified as “loss” are considered uncollectible with collateral of such little value that their continuance as bankable assets is not warranted. As of the date of the balance sheet, all loans in this category have been charged-off to the allowance for loan losses.
Commercial loans are generally evaluated on an annual basis depending on the size and complexity of the loan relationship, unless the credit related quality indicator falls to a level of "special mention" or below, when the loan is evaluated quarterly. The credit quality indicator is one of the factors used in assessing the level of incurred risk of loss in our commercial related loan portfolios.
# 23

Impaired Loans
The following table presents information on impaired loans based on whether the impaired loan has a recorded related allowance or has no recorded related allowance:

Impaired Loans
|  |  | Commercial |  |  |  |  |  |
| Commercial |  | Real Estate |  | Consumer |  | Residential |  | Total
September 30, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Recorded Investment: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
With No Related Allowance | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 114 |  |  | $ | 575 |  |  | $ | 689 |
With a Related Allowance | 35 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 35 |
Unpaid Principal Balance: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
With No Related Allowance | — |  |  | — |  |  | 113 |  |  | 575 |  |  | 688 |
With a Related Allowance | 36 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 36 |
December 31, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Recorded Investment: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
With No Related Allowance | $ | 430 |  |  | $ | 793 |  |  | $ | 101 |  |  | $ | 1,605 |  |  | $ | 2,929 |
With a Related Allowance | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 294 |  |  | 294 |
Unpaid Principal Balance: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
With No Related Allowance | 429 |  |  | 793 |  |  | 100 |  |  | 1,606 |  |  | 2,928 |
With a Related Allowance | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 293 |  |  | 293 |
September 30, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Recorded Investment: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
With No Related Allowance | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 108 |  |  | $ | 1,712 |  |  | $ | 1,825 |
With a Related Allowance | 475 |  |  | 801 |  |  | — |  |  | 346 |  |  | 1,622 |
Unpaid Principal Balance: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
With No Related Allowance | — |  |  | 5 |  |  | 109 |  |  | 1,733 |  |  | $ | 1,847 |
With a Related Allowance | 489 |  |  | 807 |  |  | — |  |  | 280 |  |  | 1,576 |
For the Quarter Ended: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
September 30, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Average Recorded Balance: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
With No Related Allowance | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 119 |  |  | $ | 1,489 |  |  | $ | 1,609 |
With a Related Allowance | 36 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 36 |
Interest Income Recognized: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
With No Related Allowance | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
With a Related Allowance | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Cash Basis Income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
With No Related Allowance | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
With a Related Allowance | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
September 30, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Average Recorded Balance: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
With No Related Allowance | $ | — |  |  | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | 104 |  |  | $ | 1,371 |  |  | $ | 1,482 |
With a Related Allowance | 478 |  |  | 794 |  |  | — |  |  | 350 |  |  | 1,622 |
Interest Income Recognized: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
With No Related Allowance | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
With a Related Allowance | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Cash Basis Income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
With No Related Allowance | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
With a Related Allowance | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |

# 24

Impaired Loans
|  |  | Commercial |  |  |  |  |  |
| Commercial |  | Real Estate |  | Consumer |  | Residential |  | Total
For the Year-To-Date Period Ended: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
September 30, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Average Recorded Balance: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
With No Related Allowance | $ | 215 |  |  | $ | 397 |  |  | $ | 108 |  |  | $ | 1,090 |  |  | $ | 1,810 |
With a Related Allowance | 18 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 147 |  |  | 165 |
Interest Income Recognized: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
With No Related Allowance | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
With a Related Allowance | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Cash Basis Income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
With No Related Allowance | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
With a Related Allowance | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
September 30, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Average Recorded Balance: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
With No Related Allowance | $ | — |  |  | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | 104 |  |  | $ | 1,371 |  |  | $ | 1,482 |
With a Related Allowance | 478 |  |  | 794 |  |  | — |  |  | 350 |  |  | 1,622 |
Interest Income Recognized: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
With No Related Allowance | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
With a Related Allowance | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Cash Basis Income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
With No Related Allowance | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
With a Related Allowance | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |

At September 30, 2019, December 31, 2018 and September 30, 2018, all impaired loans were considered to be collateral dependent and were therefore evaluated for impairment based on the fair value of collateral less estimated cost to sell. Interest income recognized in the table above represents income earned after the loans became impaired and includes restructured loans in compliance with their modified terms and nonaccrual loans where interest income was recognized on a cash basis.
# 25

Loans Modified in Trouble Debt Restructurings
The following table presents information on loans modified in trouble debt restructurings during the periods indicated.

Loans Modified in Trouble Debt Restructurings During the Period
|  |  | Commercial |  |  |  |  |  |
| Commercial |  | Real Estate |  | Consumer |  | Residential |  | Total
For the Quarter Ended: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
September 30, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Number of Loans | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Subsequent Default, Number of Contracts | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Subsequent Default, Recorded Investment | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
September 30, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Number of Loans | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |
Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 16 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 16 |
Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment | — |  |  | — |  |  | 16 |  |  | — |  |  | 16 |
Subsequent Default, Number of Contracts | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Subsequent Default, Recorded Investment | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
For the Year-To-Date Period Ended: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
September 30, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Number of Loans | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |
Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 47 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 47 |
Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment | — |  |  | — |  |  | 47 |  |  | — |  |  | 47 |
Subsequent Default, Number of Contracts | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Subsequent Default, Recorded Investment | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
September 30, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Number of Loans | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |
Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 44 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 44 |
Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment | — |  |  | — |  |  | 44 |  |  | — |  |  | 44 |
Subsequent Default, Number of Contracts | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Subsequent Default, Recorded Investment | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |

In general, loans requiring modification are restructured to accommodate the projected cash-flows of the borrower. Such modifications may involve a reduction of the interest rate, a significant deferral of payments or forgiveness of a portion of the outstanding principal balance. As indicated in the table above, no loans modified during the preceding twelve months subsequently defaulted as of September 30, 2019.
# 26

Note 4. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (In Thousands)
The following table presents the notional amount and fair value of Arrow's off-balance sheet commitments to extend credit and commitments under standby letters of credit as of September 30, 2019, December 31, 2018 and September 30, 2018:

Commitments to Extend Credit and Letters of Credit
| September 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018 |  | September 30, 2018
Notional Amount: |  |  |  |  |
Commitments to Extend Credit | $ | 340,976 |  |  | $ | 321,143 |  |  | $ | 335,587 |
Standby Letters of Credit | 3,164 |  |  | 4,466 |  |  | 4,016 |
Fair Value: |  |  |  |  |
Commitments to Extend Credit | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Standby Letters of Credit | 26 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 4 |

Arrow is party to financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit. Commitments to extend credit include home equity lines of credit, commitments for residential and commercial construction loans and other personal and commercial lines of credit. Those instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit and interest rate risk in excess of the amount recognized in the consolidated balance sheets. The contract or notional amounts of those instruments reflect the extent of the involvement Arrow has in particular classes of financial instruments.
Arrow's exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to the financial instrument for commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit is represented by the contractual notional amount of those instruments. Arrow uses the same credit policies in making commitments and conditional obligations as it does for on-balance sheet instruments.
Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. Since many of the commitments are not expected to be fully drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. Arrow evaluates each customer's creditworthiness on a case-by-case basis. Home equity lines of credit are secured by residential real estate. Construction lines of credit are secured by underlying real estate. For other lines of credit, the amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary by Arrow upon extension of credit, is based on management's credit evaluation of the counterparty. Collateral held varies, but may include accounts receivable, inventory, property, plant and equipment, and income-producing commercial properties. Most of the commitments are variable rate instruments.
Arrow does not issue any guarantees that would require liability-recognition or disclosure, other than its standby letters of credit.
Arrow has issued conditional commitments in the form of standby letters of credit to guarantee payment on behalf of a customer and guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. Standby letters of credit generally arise in connection with commercial lending relationships. The credit risk involved in issuing these instruments is essentially the same as that involved in extending loans to customers. Contingent obligations under standby letters of credit at September 30, 2019, December 31, 2018 and September 30, 2018 represent the maximum potential future payments Arrow could be required to make. Typically, these instruments have terms of 12 months or less and expire unused; therefore, the total amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. Each customer is evaluated individually for creditworthiness under the same underwriting standards used for commitments to extend credit and on-balance sheet instruments. Company policies governing loan collateral apply to standby letters of credit at the time of credit extension. Loan-to-value ratios will generally range from 50% for movable assets, such as inventory, to 100% for liquid assets, such as bank CD's. Fees for standby letters of credit range from 1% to 3% of the notional amount. Fees are collected upfront and amortized over the life of the commitment. The carrying amount and fair value of Arrow's standby letters of credit at September 30, 2019, December 31, 2018 and September 30, 2018, were insignificant. The fair value of standby letters of credit is based on the fees currently charged for similar agreements or the cost to terminate the arrangement with the counterparties.
The fair value of commitments to extend credit is determined by estimating the fees to enter into similar agreements, taking into account the remaining terms and present creditworthiness of the counterparties, and for fixed rate loan commitments, the difference between the current and committed interest rates. Arrow provides several types of commercial lines of credit and standby letters of credit to its commercial customers. The pricing of these services is not isolated as Arrow considers the customer's complete deposit and borrowing relationship in pricing individual products and services. The commitments to extend credit also include commitments under home equity lines of credit, for which Arrow charges no fee. The carrying value and fair value of commitments to extend credit are not material and Arrow does not expect to incur any material loss as a result of these commitments.
In the normal course of business, Arrow and its subsidiary banks become involved in a variety of routine legal proceedings. At present, there are no legal proceedings pending or threatened, which in the opinion of management and counsel, would result in a material loss to Arrow.
In the third quarter of 2019, Arrow entered into interest rate swap agreements with its commercial customers to provide them with a long-term fixed rate, while simultaneously Arrow entered into offsetting interest rate swap agreements with a counterparty to swap the fixed rate to a variable rate to manage interest rate exposure.
The Company's interest rate swap agreements are not designated as a hedge for accounting purposes. As the interest rate swap agreements have substantially equivalent and offsetting terms, they do not present any material exposure to the Company's consolidated statements of income. The Company records its interest rate swap agreements at fair value and is presented on a gross basis within other assets and other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. Changes in the fair value of assets and liabilities arising from these derivatives are included, net, in other income in the consolidated statement of income.
# 27

The following table depicts the fair value adjustment recorded related to the notional amount of derivatives outstanding as well as the notional amount of the interest rate swap agreements.

Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments - Interest Rate Swap Agreements
| September 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018 |  | September 30, 2018
Fair value adjustment included in other assets and other liabilities | 498 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Notional amount | 39,577 |  |  | — |  |  | — |

# 28

Note 5. COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (In Thousands)
The following table presents the components of other comprehensive income for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2019 and 2018:

Schedule of Comprehensive Income
| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
|  |  | Tax |  |  |  |  |  | Tax |  |
| Before-Tax |  | (Expense) |  | Net-of-Tax |  | Before-Tax |  | (Expense) |  | Net-of-Tax
| Amount |  | Benefit |  | Amount |  | Amount |  | Benefit |  | Amount
2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net Unrealized Securities Holding Gains on Securities Available-for-Sale Arising During the Period | 668 |  |  | $ | (169 | ) |  | 499 |  |  | 5,796 |  |  | $ | (1,473 | ) |  | 4,323 |
Amortization of Net Retirement Plan Actuarial Loss | 172 |  |  | (45 | ) |  | 127 |  |  | 514 |  |  | (133 | ) |  | 381 |
Amortization of Net Retirement Plan Prior Service Cost | 56 |  |  | (14 | ) |  | 42 |  |  | 169 |  |  | (42 | ) |  | 127 |
Other Comprehensive Income | $ | 896 |  |  | $ | (228 | ) |  | $ | 668 |  |  | $ | 6,479 |  |  | $ | (1,648 | ) |  | $ | 4,831 |
2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net Unrealized Securities Holding Losses on Securities Available-for-Sale Arising During the Period | (1,203 | ) |  | $ | 306 |  |  | (897 | ) |  | (5,388 | ) |  | $ | 1,371 |  |  | (4,017 | )
Amortization of Net Retirement Plan Actuarial Loss | 81 |  |  | (21 | ) |  | 60 |  |  | 244 |  |  | (63 | ) |  | 181 |
Accretion of Net Retirement Plan Prior Service Cost | 27 |  |  | (7 | ) |  | 20 |  |  | 81 |  |  | (21 | ) |  | 60 |
Other Comprehensive Loss | $ | (1,095 | ) |  | $ | 278 |  |  | $ | (817 | ) |  | $ | (5,063 | ) |  | $ | 1,287 |  |  | $ | (3,776 | )

# 29

The following table presents the changes in accumulated other comprehensive income by component:

Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) by Component (1)
| Unrealized |  | Defined Benefit Plan Items |  |
| Gains and |  |  |  |  |  |
| Losses on |  | Net |  | Net Prior |  |
| Available-for- |  | Actuarial |  | Service |  |
| Sale Securities |  | Gain (Loss) |  | (Cost) Credit |  | Total
For the Quarter-To-Date periods ended: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
June 30, 2019 | $ | 127 |  |  | $ | (8,717 | ) |  | $ | (1,057 | ) |  | $ | (9,647 | )
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications | 499 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 499 |
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income |  |  | 127 |  |  | 42 |  |  | 169 |
Net current-period other comprehensive income | 499 |  |  | 127 |  |  | 42 |  |  | 668 |
September 30, 2019 | $ | 626 |  |  | $ | (8,590 | ) |  | $ | (1,015 | ) |  | $ | (8,979 | )
June 30, 2018 | $ | (4,701 | ) |  | $ | (6,259 | ) |  | $ | (844 | ) |  | $ | (11,804 | )
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications | (897 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (897 | )
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss | — |  |  | 60 |  |  | 20 |  |  | 80 |
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss) | (897 | ) |  | 60 |  |  | 20 |  |  | (817 | )
September 30, 2018 | $ | (5,598 | ) |  | $ | (6,199 | ) |  | $ | (824 | ) |  | $ | (12,621 | )
For the Year-To-Date periods ended: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
December 31, 2018 | $ | (3,697 | ) |  | $ | (8,971 | ) |  | $ | (1,142 | ) |  | $ | (13,810 | )
Other comprehensive income or loss before reclassifications | 4,323 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,323 |
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income | — |  |  | 381 |  |  | 127 |  |  | 508 |
Net current-period other comprehensive income | 4,323 |  |  | 381 |  |  | 127 |  |  | 4,831 |
September 30, 2019 | $ | 626 |  |  | $ | (8,590 | ) |  | $ | (1,015 | ) |  | $ | (8,979 | )
December 31, 2017 | $ | (1,250 | ) |  | $ | (6,380 | ) |  | $ | (884 | ) |  | $ | (8,514 | )
Other comprehensive income or loss before reclassifications | (4,017 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (4,017 | )
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income | — |  |  | 181 |  |  | 60 |  |  | 241 |
Net current-period other comprehensive income | (4,017 | ) |  | 181 |  |  | 60 |  |  | (3,776 | )
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income | $ | (331 | ) |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (331 | )
September 30, 2018 | $ | (5,598 | ) |  | $ | (6,199 | ) |  | $ | (824 | ) |  | $ | (12,621 | )

(1) All amounts are net of tax.
# 30

The following table presents the reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income:

Reclassifications Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
|  | Amounts Reclassified |  |
Details about Accumulated Other |  | from Accumulated Other |  | Affected Line Item in the Statement
Comprehensive Income (Loss) Components |  | Comprehensive Income |  | Where Net Income Is Presented
For the Quarter-to-date periods ended: |  |  |  |
September 30, 2019 |  |  |  |
Amortization of defined benefit pension items: |  |  |  |
Prior-service costs |  | $ | (56 | ) | (1) | Salaries and Employee Benefits
Actuarial gains/(losses) |  | (172 | ) | (1) | Salaries and Employee Benefits
|  | (228 | ) |  | Total before Tax
|  | 59 |  |  | Provision for Income Taxes
|  | $ | (169 | ) |  | Net of Tax
Total reclassifications for the period |  | $ | (169 | ) |  | Net of Tax
September 30, 2018 |  |  |  |
Amortization of defined benefit pension items: |  |  |  |
Prior-service costs |  | $ | (27 | ) | (1) | Salaries and Employee Benefits
Actuarial gains/(losses) |  | (81 | ) | (1) | Salaries and Employee Benefits
|  | (108 | ) |  | Total before Tax
|  | 28 |  |  | Provision for Income Taxes
|  | $ | (80 | ) |  | Net of Tax
Total reclassifications for the period |  | $ | (80 | ) |  | Net of Tax
For the Year-to-date periods ended: |  |  |  |
September 30, 2019 |  |  |  |
Amortization of defined benefit pension items: |  |  |  |
Prior-service costs |  | $ | (169 | ) | (1) | Salaries and Employee Benefits
Actuarial gains/(losses) |  | (514 | ) | (1) | Salaries and Employee Benefits
|  | (683 | ) |  | Total before Tax
|  | 175 |  |  | Provision for Income Taxes
|  | $ | (508 | ) |  | Net of Tax
Total reclassifications for the period |  | $ | (508 | ) |  | Net of Tax
September 30, 2018 |  |  |  |
Amortization of defined benefit pension items: |  |  |  |
Prior-service costs |  | (81 | ) | (1) | Salaries and Employee Benefits
Actuarial gains/(losses) |  | $ | (244 | ) | (1) | Salaries and Employee Benefits
|  | (325 | ) |  | Total before Tax

# 31

Reclassifications Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
|  | Amounts Reclassified |  |
Details about Accumulated Other |  | from Accumulated Other |  | Affected Line Item in the Statement
Comprehensive Income (Loss) Components |  | Comprehensive Income |  | Where Net Income Is Presented
|  | 84 |  |  | Provision for Income Taxes
|  | $ | (241 | ) |  | Net of Tax
Total reclassifications for the period |  | $ | (241 | ) |  | Net of Tax

(1) These accumulated other comprehensive income components are included in the computation of net periodic pension cost.
# 32

Note 6. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION (Dollars In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Amounts)
Arrow has established three stock-based compensation plans: a Long Term Incentive Plan,, an Employee Stock Purchase Plan (ESPP) and an Employee Stock Ownership Plan (ESOP). All share and per share data have been adjusted for the September 27, 2019 3% stock dividend.
Long Term Incentive Plan
The Long Term Incentive Plan provides for the grant of incentive stock options, non-qualified stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units, performance units and performance shares. The Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors administers the Long Term Incentive Plan.
Stock Options - Options may be granted at a price no less than the greater of the par value or fair market value of such shares on the date on which such option is granted, and generally expire ten years from the date of grant. The options usually vest over a four-year period.
The following table summarizes information about stock option activity for the year to date period ended September 30, 2019.

| Shares | Weighted Average Exercise Price
Outstanding at January 1, 2019 | 293,058 |  | $ | 24.92 |
Granted | 53,560 |  | 30.79 |
Exercised | (79,069 | ) | 20.72 |
Forfeited | (12,078 | ) | 24.39 |
Outstanding at September 30, 2019 | 255,471 |  | 27.40 |
Vested at Period-End | 135,002 |  | 24.43 |
Expected to Vest | 120,469 |  | 30.72 |
Stock Options Granted |  |
Weighted Average Grant Date Information: |  |
Fair Value of Options Granted | $ | 5.58 |  |
Fair Value Assumptions: |  |
Dividend Yield | 3.26 | % |
Expected Volatility | 22.58 | % |
Risk Free Interest Rate | 2.63 | % |
Expected Lives (in years) | 8.68 |  |

The following table presents information on the amounts expensed related to stock options for the periods ended September 30, 2019 and 2018:

|  | For the Three Months Ended September 30, |  | For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
|  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Amount expensed |  | $ | 79 |  |  | $ | 80 |  |  | $ | 237 |  |  | $ | 243 |

Restricted Stock Units - The Company grants restricted stock units which gives the recipient the right to receive shares of Company stock upon vesting. The fair value of each restricted stock unit is the market value of Company stock on the date of grant. 100% of the restricted stock unit awards vest three years from the grant date. Once vested, the restricted stock units become vested units and are no longer forfeitable. Vested units settle upon retirement of the recipient. Unvested restricted stock unit awards will generally be forfeited if the recipient ceases to be employed by the Company, with limited exceptions.
# 33

The following table summarizes information about restricted stock unit activity for the period ended September 30, 2019.

| Restricted Stock Units | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Non-vested at January 1, 2019 | 3,478 |  | $ | 31.62 |
Granted | 4,018 |  | 30.79 |
Non-vested at September 30, 2019 | 7,496 |  | 31.17 |

The following table presents information on the amounts expensed related to restricted stock units for the periods ended September 30, 2019 and 2018:

|  | For the Three Months Ended September 30, |  | For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
|  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Amount expensed |  | $ | 19 |  |  | $ | 9 |  |  | $ | 55 |  |  | $ | 24 |

Employee Stock Purchase Plan
Arrow sponsors an ESPP under which employees may purchase Arrow's common stock at a 5% discount below market price. Under current accounting guidance, a stock purchase plan with a discount of 5% or less is not considered a compensatory plan.
Employee Stock Ownership Plan
Arrow maintains an ESOP, pursuant to which substantially all employees of Arrow and its subsidiaries are eligible to participate upon satisfaction of applicable service requirements. The ESOP borrowed funds from one of Arrow’s subsidiary banks to purchase outstanding shares of Arrow’s common stock. The notes require annual payments of principal and interest through 2019. As the debt is repaid, shares are released from collateral based on the proportion of debt paid to total debt outstanding for the year and allocated to active employees. In addition, the Company makes additional cash contributions to the Plan each year.
Shares pledged as collateral are reported as unallocated ESOP shares in stockholders' equity. As shares are released from collateral, Arrow reports compensation expense equal to the current average market price of the shares, and the shares become outstanding for earnings per share computations.
# 34

Note 7. RETIREMENT BENEFIT PLANS (Dollars in Thousands)
Arrow sponsors qualified and non-qualified defined benefit pension plans and other postretirement benefit plans for its employees. Arrow maintains a non-contributory pension plan, which covers substantially all employees. Effective December 1, 2002, all active participants in the qualified defined benefit pension plan were given a one-time irrevocable election to continue participating in the traditional plan design, for which benefits were based on years of service and the participant’s final compensation (as defined), or to begin participating in the new cash balance plan design. All employees who participate in the plan after December 1, 2002 automatically participate in the cash balance plan design. The interest credits under the cash balance plan are based on the 30-year U.S. Treasury rate in effect for November of the prior year. The service credits under the cash balance plan are equal to 6.0% of eligible salaries for employees who become participants on or after January 1, 2003. For employees in the plan prior to January 1, 2003, the service credits are scaled based on the age of the participant, and range from 6.0% to 12.0%. The funding policy is to contribute up to the maximum amount that can be deducted for federal income tax purposes and to make all payments required under ERISA. Arrow also maintains a supplemental non-qualified unfunded retirement plan to provide eligible employees of Arrow and its subsidiaries with benefits in excess of qualified plan limits imposed by federal tax law.
Arrow has multiple non-pension postretirement benefit plans. The health care, dental and life insurance plans are contributory, with participants’ contributions adjusted annually. Arrow’s policy is to fund the cost of postretirement benefits based on the current cost of the underlying policies. However, the health care plan provision for automatic increases of Company contributions each year is based on the increase in inflation and is limited to a maximum of 5%.
As of December 31, 2018, Arrow updated its mortality assumption to the RP-2014 Mortality Table for annuitants and non-annuitants with projected generational mortality improvements using Scale MP-2018 for the pension plans and the RPH-2014 Mortality Table for annuitants and non-annuitants with projected generational mortality improvements using Scale MP-2018 for the retiree health plan. The revised assumptions resulted in a decrease in postretirement liabilities. As of December 31, 2018, Arrow also updated its mortality assumption for annuity/lump sum conversions for the pension plans to the 2019 IRC Section 417(e)(3)B) applicable mortality table. The revised assumption results in an increase in postretirement liabilities for the pension plans.
The interest rates used in determining the present value of a lump sum payment/annuitizing cash balance accounts were changed to the segment rates in effect for the January 1, 2019 plan year (3.43%, 4.46%, 4.88%) as of December 31, 2018. This change was made to more accurately reflect current expected long-term interest rates and resulted in an increase in liability for the Arrow Financial Corporation Employees' Pension Plan and Trust and the Arrow Financial Corporation Select Executive Retirement Plan.
The following tables provide the components of net periodic benefit costs for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2019 and 2018.

|  |  |  | Select |  |
|  | Employees' |  | Executive |  | Postretirement
|  | Pension |  | Retirement |  | Benefit
|  | Plan |  | Plan |  | Plans
Net Periodic Benefit Cost |  |  |  |  |  |
For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2019: |  |  |  |  |  |
Service Cost 1 |  | $ | 382 |  |  | $ | 81 |  |  | $ | 30 |
Interest Cost 2 |  | 513 |  |  | 54 |  |  | 91 |
Expected Return on Plan Assets 2 |  | (765 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
Amortization of Prior Service Cost 2 |  | 17 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 25 |
Amortization of Net Loss 2 |  | 153 |  |  | 29 |  |  | (10 | )
Net Periodic Cost |  | $ | 300 |  |  | $ | 178 |  |  | $ | 136 |
Plan Contributions During the Period |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 117 |  |  | $ | 51 |
For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2018: |  |  |  |  |  |
Service Cost 1 |  | $ | 389 |  |  | $ | 104 |  |  | $ | 34 |
Interest Cost 2 |  | 400 |  |  | 48 |  |  | 81 |
Expected Return on Plan Assets 2 |  | (841 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
Amortization of Prior Service (Credit) Cost 2 |  | (12 | ) |  | 14 |  |  | 25 |
Amortization of Net Loss 2 |  | 48 |  |  | 33 |  |  | — |
Net Periodic (Benefit) Cost |  | $ | (16 | ) |  | $ | 199 |  |  | $ | 140 |
Plan Contributions During the Period |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 116 |  |  | $ | 56 |

# 35

Net Periodic Benefit Cost |  |  |  |  |  |
For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019: |  |  |  |  |  |
Service Cost 1 |  | $ | 1,146 |  |  | $ | 243 |  |  | $ | 91 |
Interest Cost 2 |  | 1,253 |  |  | 162 |  |  | 273 |
Expected Return on Plan Assets 2 |  | (2,296 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
Amortization of Prior Service (Credit) Cost 2 |  | 52 |  |  | 41 |  |  | 76 |
Amortization of Net Loss 2 |  | 460 |  |  | 86 |  |  | (32 | )
Net Periodic (Benefit) Cost |  | $ | 615 |  |  | $ | 532 |  |  | $ | 408 |
Plan Contributions During the Period |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 350 |  |  | $ | 142 |
Estimated Future Contributions in the Current Fiscal Year |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018: |  |  |  |  |  |
Service Cost 1 |  | $ | 1,168 |  |  | $ | 311 |  |  | $ | 102 |
Interest Cost 2 |  | 1,199 |  |  | 152 |  |  | 248 |
Expected Return on Plan Assets 2 |  | (2,522 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
Amortization of Prior Service (Credit) Cost 2 |  | (37 | ) |  | 43 |  |  | 75 |
Amortization of Net Loss 2 |  | 145 |  |  | 99 |  |  | — |
Net Periodic (Benefit) Cost |  | $ | (47 | ) |  | $ | 605 |  |  | $ | 425 |
Plan Contributions During the Period |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 349 |  |  | $ | 175 |

Footnotes:
1. Included in Salaries and Employee Benefits on the Consolidated Statements of Income
2. Included in Other Operating Expense on the Consolidated Statements of Income
A contribution to the qualified pension plan in 2019 was not required, and currently, additional contributions in 2019 are not expected. Arrow makes contributions to its other post-retirement benefit plans in an amount equal to benefit payments for the year.
Note 8. EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE (In Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)
The following table presents a reconciliation of the numerator and denominator used in the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per common share (“EPS”) for periods ended September 30, 2019 and 2018. All share and per share amounts have been adjusted for the September 27, 2019, 3% stock dividend.

Earnings Per Share
| Quarterly Period Ended: |  | Year-to-Date Period Ended:
| September 30, 2019 |  | September 30, 2018 |  | September 30, 2019 |  | September 30, 2018
Earnings Per Share - Basic: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net Income | $ | 10,067 |  |  | $ | 9,260 |  |  | $ | 27,735 |  |  | $ | 27,521 |
Weighted Average Shares - Basic | 14,955 |  |  | 14,864 |  |  | 14,927 |  |  | 14,825 |
Earnings Per Share - Basic | $ | 0.67 |  |  | $ | 0.62 |  |  | $ | 1.86 |  |  | $ | 1.85 |
Earnings Per Share - Diluted: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net Income | $ | 10,067 |  |  | $ | 9,260 |  |  | $ | 27,735 |  |  | $ | 27,521 |
Weighted Average Shares - Basic | 14,955 |  |  | 14,864 |  |  | 14,927 |  |  | 14,825 |
Dilutive Average Shares Attributable to Stock Options | 36 |  |  | 92 |  |  | 41 |  |  | 89 |
Weighted Average Shares - Diluted | 14,991 |  |  | 14,956 |  |  | 14,968 |  |  | 14,914 |
Earnings Per Share - Diluted | $ | 0.67 |  |  | $ | 0.62 |  |  | $ | 1.85 |  |  | $ | 1.84 |

# 36

Note 9. FAIR VALUES (Dollars In Thousands)
FASB ASC Subtopic 820-10 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in GAAP and requires certain disclosures about fair value measurements. There are no nonfinancial assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis. The only assets or liabilities that Arrow measured at fair value on a recurring basis at September 30, 2019, December 31, 2018 and September 30, 2018 were securities available-for-sale, equity securities and derivatives. Arrow held no securities or liabilities for trading on such dates.
The table below presents the financial instrument's fair value and the amounts within the fair value hierarchy based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement:

Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities Measured on a Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis
|  |  | Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using:
| Fair Value |  | Quoted Prices In Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities Measured on a Recurring Basis: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
September 30, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Securities Available-for Sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Government & Agency Obligations | $ | 5,056 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5,056 |  |  | $ | — |
State and Municipal Obligations | 965 |  |  | — |  |  | 965 |  |  | — |
Mortgage-Backed Securities | 307,361 |  |  | — |  |  | 307,361 |  |  | — |
Corporate and Other Debt Securities | 800 |  |  | — |  |  | 800 |  |  | — |
Total Securities Available-for-Sale | 314,182 |  |  | — |  |  | 314,182 |  |  | — |
Equity Securities | 1,996 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,996 |  |  | — |
Total Securities Measured on a Recurring Basis | $ | 316,178 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 316,178 |  |  | $ | — |
Derivatives, included in other assets | 498 |  |  | — |  |  | 498 |  |  | — |
Total Measured on a Recurring Basis | $ | 316,676 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 316,676 |  |  | $ | — |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivatives, included in other liabilities | 498 |  |  | — |  |  | 498 |  |  | — |
Total Measured on a Recurring Basis | $ | 498 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 498 |  |  | $ | — |
December 31, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Securities Available-for Sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Government & Agency Obligations | $ | 46,765 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 46,765 |  |  | $ | — |
State and Municipal Obligations | 1,195 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,195 |  |  | — |
Mortgage-Backed Securities | 268,775 |  |  | — |  |  | 268,775 |  |  | — |
Corporate and Other Debt Securities | 800 |  |  | — |  |  | 800 |  |  | — |
Total Securities Available-for-Sale | 317,535 |  |  |  |  | 317,535 |  |  |
Equity Securities | 1,774 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,774 |  |  | — |
Total Securities Measured on a Recurring Basis | $ | 319,309 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 319,309 |  |  | $ | — |

# 37

Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities Measured on a Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis
|  |  | Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using:
| Fair Value |  | Quoted Prices In Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
September 30, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Securities Available-for Sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Government & Agency Obligations | $ | 59,602 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 59,602 |  |  | $ | — |
State and Municipal Obligations | 2,548 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,548 |  |  | — |
Mortgage-Backed Securities | 277,461 |  |  | — |  |  | 277,461 |  |  | — |
Corporate and Other Debt Securities | 800 |  |  | — |  |  | 800 |  |  | — |
Total Securities Available-for-Sale | 340,411 |  |  |  |  | 340,411 |  |  |
Equity Securities | 1,916 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,916 |  |  | — |
Total Securities Measured on a Recurring Basis | $ | 342,327 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 342,327 |  |  | $ | — |

| Fair Value |  | Quoted Prices In Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |  | Gains (Losses) Recognized in Earnings
Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities Measured on a Nonrecurring Basis: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
September 30, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Collateral Dependent Impaired Loans | $ | 324 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 324 |  |  |
Other Real Estate Owned and Repossessed Assets, Net | 1,274 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,274 |  |  | (111 | )
December 31, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Collateral Dependent Impaired Loans | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |
Other Real Estate Owned and Repossessed Assets, Net | 1,260 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,260 |  |  | (132 | )
September 30, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Collateral Dependent Impaired Loans | $ | 857 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 857 |  |  |
Other Real Estate Owned and Repossessed Assets, Net | 1,220 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,220 |  |  | (43 | )

The fair value of financial instruments is determined under the following hierarchy:

• | Level 1 - Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities;

• | Level 2 - Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, or inputs that are observable, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability;

• | Level 3 - Prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable (i.e., supported by little or no market activity).

There were no transfers between Levels 1, 2 and 3 for the three months ended September 30, 2019, December 31, 2018 and September 30, 2018.
# 38

Fair Value Methodology for Assets and Liabilities Measured on a Recurring Basis
The fair value of Level 1 securities available-for-sale are based on unadjusted, quoted market prices from exchanges in active markets. The fair value of Level 2 securities available-for-sale are based on an independent bond and equity pricing service for identical assets or significantly similar securities and an independent equity pricing service for equity securities not actively traded. The pricing services use a variety of techniques to arrive at fair value including market maker bids, quotes and pricing models. Inputs to the pricing models include recent trades, benchmark interest rates, spreads and actual and projected cash flows. The fair value of Level 2 derivatives is determined using inputs that are observable in the market place obtained from third parties including yield curves, publicly available volatilities, and floating indexes.
Fair Value Methodology for Assets and Liabilities Measured on a Nonrecurring Basis
The fair value of collateral dependent impaired loans and other real estate owned was based on third-party appraisals less estimated cost to sell. The appraisals may be adjusted by management for qualitative factors such as economic conditions and estimated liquidation expenses. Other assets which might have been included in this table include mortgage servicing rights, goodwill and other intangible assets. Arrow evaluates each of these assets for impairment on an annual basis, with no impairment recognized for these assets at September 30, 2019, December 31, 2018 and September 30, 2018.
Fair Value Methodology for Financial Instruments Not Measured on a Recurring or Nonrecurring Basis
The fair value for securities held-to-maturity is determined utilizing an independent bond pricing service for identical assets or significantly similar securities. The pricing service uses a variety of techniques to arrive at fair value including market maker bids, quotes and pricing models. Inputs to the pricing models include recent trades, benchmark interest rates, spreads and actual and projected cash flows.
ASU 2016-01 "Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities" requires that the fair value for loans must be disclosed using the "exit price" notion which is a reasonable estimate of what another party might pay in an orderly transaction. Fair values for loans are calculated for portfolios of loans with similar financial characteristics. Loans are segregated by type such as commercial, commercial real estate, residential mortgage, indirect auto and other consumer loans. Each loan category is further segmented into fixed and adjustable interest rate terms and by performing and nonperforming categories. The fair value of performing loans is calculated by determining the estimated future cash flow, which is the contractual cash flow adjusted for estimated prepayments. The discount rate is determined by starting with current market yields, and first adjusting for a liquidity premium. This premium is separately determined for residential real estate loans vs. other loans. Then a credit loss component is determined utilizing the credit loss assumptions used in the allowance for loan and lease loss model. Finally, a discount spread is applied separately for consumer loans vs. commercial loans based on market information and utilization of the Swap Curve. Fair value for nonperforming loans is generally based on recent external appraisals. If appraisals are not available, estimated cash flows are discounted using a rate commensurate with the risk associated with the estimated cash flows. Assumptions regarding credit risk, cash flows and discount rates are judgmentally determined using available market information and specific borrower information.
The fair value of time deposits is based on the discounted value of contractual cash flows, except that the fair value is limited to the extent that the customer could redeem the certificate after imposition of a premature withdrawal penalty. The discount rates are estimated using the Federal Home Loan Bank of New York ("FHLBNY") yield curve, which is considered representative of Arrow’s time deposit rates. The fair value of all other deposits is equal to the carrying value.
The fair value of FHLBNY advances is estimated based on the discounted value of contractual cash flows. The discount rate is estimated using current rates on FHLBNY advances with similar maturities and call features.
The book value of the outstanding trust preferred securities (Junior Subordinated Obligations Issued to Unconsolidated Subsidiary Trusts) are considered to approximate fair value since the interest rates are variable (indexed to LIBOR) and Arrow is well-capitalized.
Fair Value by Balance Sheet Grouping
The following table presents a summary of the carrying amount, the fair value or an amount approximating fair value and the fair value hierarchy of Arrow’s financial instruments:

Schedule of Fair Values by Balance Sheet Grouping
|  |  |  |  | Fair Value Hierarchy
| Carrying Value |  | Fair Value |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
September 30, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and Cash Equivalents | $ | 92,298 |  |  | $ | 92,298 |  |  | $ | 92,298 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Securities Available-for-Sale | 314,182 |  |  | 314,182 |  |  | — |  |  | 314,182 |  |  | — |
Securities Held-to-Maturity | 255,095 |  |  | 259,128 |  |  | — |  |  | 259,128 |  |  | — |
Equity Securities | 1,996 |  |  | 1,996 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,996 |  |  | — |
Federal Home Loan Bank and Federal Reserve Bank Stock | 6,627 |  |  | 6,627 |  |  | — |  |  | 6,627 |  |  | — |
Net Loans | 2,314,660 |  |  | 2,274,701 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,274,701 |

# 39

Schedule of Fair Values by Balance Sheet Grouping
|  |  |  |  | Fair Value Hierarchy
| Carrying Value |  | Fair Value |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
Accrued Interest Receivable | 8,097 |  |  | 8,097 |  |  | — |  |  | 8,097 |  |  | — |
Derivatives, included in Other Assets | 498 |  |  | 498 |  |  |  |  | 498 |  |  |
Deposits | 2,614,547 |  |  | 2,610,404 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,610,404 |  |  | — |
Federal Funds Purchased and Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase | 72,869 |  |  | 72,869 |  |  | — |  |  | 72,869 |  |  | — |
Federal Home Loan Bank Overnight Advances | 48,000 |  |  | 48,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 48,000 |  |  | — |
Federal Home Loan Bank Term Advances | 30,000 |  |  | 29,988 |  |  | — |  |  | 29,988 |  |  | — |
Junior Subordinated Obligations Issued to Unconsolidated Subsidiary Trusts | 20,000 |  |  | 20,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 20,000 |  |  | — |
Accrued Interest Payable | 1,500 |  |  | 1,500 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,500 |  |  | — |
Derivatives, included in Other Liabilities | 498 |  |  | 498 |  |  | — |  |  | 498 |  |  | — |
December 31, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and Cash Equivalents | $ | 84,239 |  |  | $ | 84,239 |  |  | $ | 84,239 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Securities Available-for-Sale | 317,535 |  |  | 317,535 |  |  | — |  |  | 317,535 |  |  | — |
Securities Held-to-Maturity | 283,476 |  |  | 280,338 |  |  | — |  |  | 280,338 |  |  | — |
Equity Securities | 1,774 |  |  | 1,774 |  |  |  |  | 1,774 |  |  |
Federal Home Loan Bank and Federal Reserve Bank Stock | 15,506 |  |  | 15,506 |  |  | — |  |  | 15,506 |  |  | — |
Net Loans | 2,176,019 |  |  | 2,114,372 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,114,372 |
Accrued Interest Receivable | 7,035 |  |  | 7,035 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,035 |  |  | — |
Deposits | 2,345,584 |  |  | 2,338,410 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,338,410 |  |  | — |
Federal Funds Purchased and Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase | 54,659 |  |  | 54,659 |  |  | — |  |  | 54,659 |  |  | — |
Federal Home Loan Bank Overnight Advances | 234,000 |  |  | 234,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 234,000 |  |  | — |
Federal Home Loan Bank Term Advances | 45,000 |  |  | 44,652 |  |  | — |  |  | 44,652 |  |  | — |
Junior Subordinated Obligations Issued to Unconsolidated Subsidiary Trusts | 20,000 |  |  | 20,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 20,000 |  |  | — |
Accrued Interest Payable | 570 |  |  | 570 |  |  | — |  |  | 570 |  |  | — |
September 30, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and Cash Equivalents | $ | 92,295 |  |  | $ | 92,295 |  |  | $ | 92,295 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Securities Available-for-Sale | 340,411 |  |  | 340,411 |  |  | — |  |  | 340,411 |  |  | — |
Securities Held-to-Maturity | 289,952 |  |  | 282,719 |  |  | — |  |  | 282,719 |  |  | — |
Equity Securities | 1,916 |  |  | 1,916 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,916 |  |  |
Federal Home Loan Bank and Federal Reserve Bank Stock | 10,866 |  |  | 10,866 |  |  | — |  |  | 10,866 |  |  | — |
Net Loans | 2,106,097 |  |  | 2,030,278 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,030,278 |
Accrued Interest Receivable | 8,028 |  |  | 8,028 |  |  | — |  |  | 8,028 |  |  | — |
Deposits | 2,407,855 |  |  | 2,398,987 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,398,987 |  |  | — |
Federal Funds Purchased and Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase | 62,503 |  |  | 62,503 |  |  | — |  |  | 62,503 |  |  | — |
Federal Home Loan Bank Overnight Advances | 131,000 |  |  | 131,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 131,000 |  |  | — |
Federal Home Loan Bank Term Advances | 45,000 |  |  | 44,488 |  |  | — |  |  | 44,488 |  |  | — |
Junior Subordinated Obligations Issued to Unconsolidated Subsidiary Trusts | 20,000 |  |  | 20,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 20,000 |  |  | — |
Accrued Interest Payable | 485 |  |  | 485 |  |  | — |  |  | 485 |  |  | — |

# 40

Note 10. LEASES (Dollars In Thousands)
The Company is a lessee in its leases, which are mainly for financial services locations in addition to leases for corporate vehicles. These leases generally require the Company to pay third-party expenses on behalf of the Lessor, which are referred to as variable payments. Under some leases, the Company pays the variable payments to the lessor, and in other leases, the Company pays the variable payments directly to the applicable third party. None of the Company's current leases include any residual value guarantees or any subleases, and there are no significant rights and obligations of the Company for leases that have not commenced as of the reporting date.
Arrow leases five of its branch offices, at market rates, from Stewart’s Shops Corp. Mr. Gary C. Dake, President of Stewart’s Shops Corp., serves as a director on the board of directors of each of Arrow and Saratoga National Bank and Trust Company.
The following includes quantitative data related to the Company's leases as of and for the nine months ended September 30, 2019:

Finance Lease Amounts: | Classification |
Right-of-use Assets | Premises and Equipment, Net | $ | 5,199 |
Lease Liabilities | Finance Leases | 5,263 |
Operating Lease Amounts: |  |
Right-of-use Assets | Other Assets | $ | 5,815 |
Lease Liabilities | Other Liabilities | 5,876 |
Other Information: |  |
Cash Paid For Amounts Included In The Measurement Of Lease Liabilities: |  |
Operating Outgoing Cash Flows From Finance Leases |  | $ | 71 |
Operating Outgoing Cash Flows From Operating Leases |  | 563 |
Financing Outgoing Cash Flows From Finance Leases |  | 19 |
Right-of-use Assets Obtained In Exchange For New Finance Lease Liabilities |  | 5,271 |
Right-of-use Assets Obtained In Exchange For New Operating Lease Liabilities |  | 6,266 |
Weighted-average Remaining Lease Term—Finance Leases (Yrs.) |  | 31.05 |
Weighted-average Remaining Lease Term—Operating Leases (Yrs.) |  | 13.75 |
Weighted-average Discount Rate—Finance Leases % |  | 3.75 | %
Weighted-average Discount Rate—Operating Leases % |  | 3.35 | %

Lease cost information for the Company's leases is as follows:
| Three Months Ended | Nine Months Ended
| 9/30/2019 | 9/30/2019
Lease Cost: |  |
Finance Lease Cost: |  |
Amortization of Right-of-use assets | $ | 28 |  | $ | 72 |
Interest on Lease Liabilities | 28 |  | 71 |
Operating Lease Cost | 211 |  | 577 |
Short-term Lease Cost | 17 |  | 73 |
Variable Lease Cost | 45 |  | 140 |
Total Lease Cost | $ | 329 |  | $ | 933 |

# 41

Future Lease Payments at September 30, 2019 are as follows:
| Operating Leases | Financing Leases
Twelve Months Ended: |  |
9/30/2020 | $ | 805 |  | $ | 207 |
9/30/2021 | 709 |  | 236 |
9/30/2022 | 597 |  | 206 |
9/30/2023 | 541 |  | 243 |
9/30/2024 | 531 |  | 247 |
Thereafter | 4,240 |  | 8,297 |
Total Undiscounted Cash Flows | $ | 7,423 |  | $ | 9,436 |
Less: Net Present Value Adjustment | 1,547 |  | 4,173 |
Lease Liability | $ | 5,876 |  | $ | 5,263 |

Arrow adopted ASU 2016-02 using a modified retrospective adoption at January 1, 2019 as discussed in Note 1. The following disclosure is provided for the period prior to the adoption.
Future minimum lease payments on operating leases at December 31, 2018 were as follows:

| Operating Leases
2019 | $ | 857 |
2020 | 626 |
2021 | 497 |
2022 | 357 |
2023 | 286 |
2024 and beyond | 2,776 |
Total Minimum Lease Payments | $ | 5,399 |

# 42

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Stockholders and Board of Directors
Arrow Financial Corporation:
Results of Review of Interim Financial Information
We have reviewed the consolidated balance sheet of Arrow Financial Corporation and subsidiaries (the Company) as of September 30, 2019 and 2018, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income and changes in stockholders’ equity for the three-month and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, the related consolidated statements of cash flows for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, and the related notes (collectively, the consolidated interim financial information). Based on our reviews, we are not aware of any material modifications that should be made to the consolidated interim financial information for it to be in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
We have previously audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheet of the Company as of December 31, 2018, and the related consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income, changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for the year then ended (not presented herein); and in our report dated March 8, 2019, we expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements. In our opinion, the information set forth in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2018, is fairly stated, in all material respects, in relation to the consolidated balance sheet from which it has been derived.
Basis for Review Results
This consolidated interim financial information is the responsibility of the Company’s management. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our reviews in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. A review of consolidated interim financial information consists principally of applying analytical procedures and making inquiries of persons responsible for financial and accounting matters. It is substantially less in scope than an audit conducted in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB, the objective of which is the expression of an opinion regarding the financial statements taken as a whole. Accordingly, we do not express such an opinion.
/s/ KPMG LLP
Albany, New York
November 5, 2019
# 43

Item 2.
ARROW FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
September 30, 2019
NOTE ON TERMINOLOGY
In this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this Report), the terms "Arrow," "the registrant," "the Company," "we," "us," and "our" generally refer to Arrow Financial Corporation and its subsidiaries as a group, except where the context indicates otherwise. At certain points in this Form 10-Q, our performance is compared with that of our "peer group" of financial institutions. Unless otherwise specifically stated, the peer group for the purposes of this Form 10-Q is comprised of the group of 146 domestic bank holding companies with $3 to $10 billion in total consolidated assets as identified in the Federal Reserve Board’s "Bank Holding Company Performance Report" for June 30, 2019 (the most recent such report currently available), and peer group data contained herein has been derived from such report.
THE COMPANY AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES
Arrow is a two-bank holding company headquartered in Glens Falls, New York. Our banking subsidiaries are Glens Falls National Bank and Trust Company (Glens Falls National) whose main office is located in Glens Falls, New York, and Saratoga National Bank and Trust Company (Saratoga National) whose main office is located in Saratoga Springs, New York. Active subsidiaries of Glens Falls National include Upstate Agency, LLC (an insurance agency that sells property and casualty insurance policies and also specializes in selling and servicing group health care policies and life insurance), North Country Investment Advisers, Inc. (a registered investment adviser that provides investment advice to our proprietary mutual funds) and Arrow Properties, Inc. (a real estate investment trust, or REIT). Arrow also owns directly two subsidiary business trusts, organized in 2003 and 2004 to issue trust preferred securities (TRUPs), which are still outstanding.
FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Report on Form 10-Q contains statements that are not historical in nature but rather are based on our beliefs, assumptions, expectations, estimates and projections about the future. These statements are "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and involve a degree of uncertainty and attendant risk. Words such as "may," "will," "expect," "believe," "anticipate," "estimate," "continue," and variations of such words and similar expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. Examples of forward-looking statements include statements regarding the Company's asset quality, the level of allowance for loan losses, the sufficiency of liquidity sources, interest rate change exposure, changes in accounting standards, and the Company's tax plans and strategies. Some of these statements, such as those included in the interest rate sensitivity analysis in Part I, Item 3, entitled "Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk," are merely presentations of what future performance or changes in future performance would look like based on hypothetical assumptions and on simulation models. Other forward-looking statements are based on our general perceptions of market conditions and trends in business activity, both our own and in the banking industry generally, as well as current management strategies for future operations and development.
These forward-looking statements may not be exhaustive, are not guarantees of future performance and involve certain risks and uncertainties that are difficult to quantify or, in some cases, to identify. You should not place undue reliance on any such forward-looking statements. In the case of all forward-looking statements, actual outcomes and results may differ materially from what the statements predict or forecast. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to:

• | rapid and dramatic changes in economic and market conditions;

• | sharp fluctuations in interest rates, economic activity, or consumer spending patterns;

• | sudden changes in the market for products provided, such as real estate loans;

• | significant changes in banking or other laws and regulations, including both enactment of new legal or regulatory measures (e.g., the Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief, and Consumer Protection Act ("Economic Growth Act") and the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act ("Dodd-Frank")) or the modification or elimination of pre-existing measures;

• | significant changes in U.S. monetary or fiscal policy, including new or revised monetary programs or targets adopted or announced by the Federal Reserve ("monetary tightening or easing") or significant new federal legislation materially affecting the federal budget ("fiscal tightening or expansion");

• | competition from other sources (e.g., non-bank entities);

• | similar uncertainties inherent in banking operations or business generally, including technological developments and changes; and

• | other risks detailed from time to time within our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC").

The Company is under no duty to update any of the forward-looking statements after the date of this Report to conform such statements to actual results. All forward-looking statements, express or implied, included in this Report and the documents incorporated by reference and that are attributable to the Company are expressly qualified in their entirety by this cautionary statement. This cautionary statement should also be considered in connection with any subsequent written or oral forward-looking statements that the Company or any persons acting on our behalf may issue. This Report should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 (the 2018 Annual Report) and our other filings with the SEC.
# 44

USE OF NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES
The SEC has adopted Regulation G, which applies to all public disclosures, including earnings releases, made by registered companies that contain "non-GAAP financial measures." GAAP is generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America. Under Regulation G, companies making public disclosures containing non-GAAP financial measures must also disclose, along with each non-GAAP financial measure, certain additional information, including a reconciliation of the non-GAAP financial measure to the closest comparable GAAP financial measure and a statement of the Company’s reasons for utilizing the non-GAAP financial measure as part of its financial disclosures. The SEC has exempted from the definition of "non-GAAP financial measures" certain commonly used financial measures that are not based on GAAP. When these exempted measures are included in public disclosures, supplemental information is not required. The following measures used in this Report, which are commonly utilized by financial institutions, have not been specifically exempted by the SEC and may constitute "non-GAAP financial measures" within the meaning of the SEC's rules, although the Company is unable to state with certainty that the SEC would so regard them.
Tax-Equivalent Net Interest Income and Net Interest Margin: Net interest income, as a component of the tabular presentation by financial institutions of Selected Financial Information regarding their recently completed operations, as well as disclosures based on that tabular presentation, is commonly presented on a tax-equivalent basis. That is, to the extent that some component of the institution's net interest income, which is presented on a before-tax basis, is exempt from taxation (e.g., is received by the institution as a result of its holdings of state or municipal obligations), an amount equal to the tax benefit derived from that component is added to the actual before-tax net interest income total. This adjustment is considered helpful in comparing one financial institution's net interest income to that of another institution or in analyzing any institution’s net interest income trend line over time, to correct any analytical distortion that might otherwise arise from the fact that financial institutions vary widely in the proportions of their portfolios that are invested in tax-exempt securities, and from the fact that even a single institution may significantly alter over time the proportion of its own portfolio that is invested in tax-exempt obligations. Moreover, net interest income is itself a component of a second financial measure commonly used by financial institutions, net interest margin, which is the ratio of net interest income to average earning assets. For purposes of this measure as well, tax-equivalent net interest income is generally used by financial institutions, again to provide a better basis of comparison from institution to institution and to better demonstrate a single institution’s performance over time. The Company follows these practices.
The Efficiency Ratio: Financial institutions often use an "efficiency ratio" as a measure of expense control. The efficiency ratio typically is defined as the ratio of noninterest expense to net interest income and noninterest income. Net interest income as utilized in calculating the efficiency ratio is typically the same as the net interest income presented in Selected Financial Information table discussed in the preceding paragraph, i.e., it is expressed on a tax-equivalent basis. Moreover, many financial institutions, in calculating the efficiency ratio, also adjust both noninterest expense and noninterest income to exclude from these items (as calculated under GAAP) certain recurring component elements of income and expense, such as intangible asset amortization (which is included in noninterest expense under GAAP but may be excluded therefrom for purposes of calculating the efficiency ratio) and securities gains or losses (which are reflected in the calculation of noninterest income under GAAP but may be excluded therefrom for purposes of calculating the efficiency ratio). The Company makes these adjustments.
Tangible Book Value per Share: Tangible equity is total stockholders’ equity less intangible assets. Tangible book value per share is tangible equity divided by total shares issued and outstanding. Tangible book value per share is often regarded as a more meaningful comparative ratio than book value per share as calculated under GAAP, that is, total stockholders’ equity including intangible assets divided by total shares issued and outstanding. Intangible assets includes many items, but in our case, essentially represents goodwill.
Adjustments for Certain Items of Income or Expense: In addition to our regular utilization in our public filings and disclosures of the various non-GAAP measures commonly utilized by financial institutions discussed above, the Company also may elect from time to time, in connection with our presentation of various financial measures prepared in accordance with GAAP, such as net income, earnings per share (i.e. EPS), return on average assets (i.e. ROA), and return on average equity (i.e. ROE), to provide as well certain comparative disclosures that adjust these GAAP financial measures, typically by removing them from the impact of certain transactions or other material items of income or expense that are unusual or unlikely to be repeated. The Company will do so only if it believes that provision of the resulting non-GAAP financial measures may improve the average investor's understanding of our results of operations by separating out items that have a disproportional positive or negative impact on the particular period in question or by otherwise permitting a better comparison from period-to-period in our results of operations with respect to our fundamental lines of business, including the commercial banking business.
The Company believes that the non-GAAP financial measures disclosed from time-to-time are useful in evaluating our performance and that such information should be considered as supplemental in nature, and not as a substitute for or superior to, the related financial information prepared in accordance with GAAP. Non-GAAP financial measures may differ from similar measures presented by other companies.
# 45

Arrow Financial Corporation Selected Quarterly Information (Dollars In Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts - Unaudited)
Quarter Ended | 9/30/2019 |  | 6/30/2019 |  | 3/31/2019 |  | 12/31/2018 |  | 9/30/2018
Net Income | $ | 10,067 |  |  | $ | 8,934 |  |  | $ | 8,734 |  |  | $ | 8,758 |  |  | $ | 9,260 |
Transactions in Net Income (Net of Tax): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net Changes in Fair Value of Equity Investments | 109 |  |  | — |  |  | 57 |  |  | (106 | ) |  | 85 |
Share and Per Share Data:1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Period End Shares Outstanding | 14,969 |  |  | 14,949 |  |  | 14,909 |  |  | 14,907 |  |  | 14,875 |
Basic Average Shares Outstanding | 14,955 |  |  | 14,922 |  |  | 14,903 |  |  | 14,885 |  |  | 14,864 |
Diluted Average Shares Outstanding | 14,991 |  |  | 14,963 |  |  | 14,956 |  |  | 14,949 |  |  | 14,956 |
Basic Earnings Per Share | $ | 0.67 |  |  | $ | 0.60 |  |  | $ | 0.59 |  |  | $ | 0.59 |  |  | $ | 0.62 |
Diluted Earnings Per Share | 0.67 |  |  | 0.60 |  |  | 0.58 |  |  | 0.59 |  |  | 0.62 |
Cash Dividend Per Share | 0.252 |  |  | 0.252 |  |  | 0.252 |  |  | 0.252 |  |  | 0.245 |
Selected Quarterly Average Balances: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-Bearing Deposits at Banks | $ | 27,083 |  |  | $ | 25,107 |  |  | $ | 26,163 |  |  | $ | 34,782 |  |  | $ | 30,522 |
Investment Securities | 545,073 |  |  | 584,679 |  |  | 611,161 |  |  | 637,341 |  |  | 636,847 |
Loans | 2,308,879 |  |  | 2,255,299 |  |  | 2,210,642 |  |  | 2,160,435 |  |  | 2,089,651 |
Deposits | 2,472,528 |  |  | 2,436,290 |  |  | 2,347,985 |  |  | 2,347,231 |  |  | 2,279,709 |
Other Borrowed Funds | 231,291 |  |  | 253,302 |  |  | 330,086 |  |  | 315,172 |  |  | 314,304 |
Stockholders’ Equity | 289,016 |  |  | 280,247 |  |  | 272,864 |  |  | 268,503 |  |  | 263,139 |
Total Assets | 3,023,043 |  |  | 2,997,458 |  |  | 2,977,056 |  |  | 2,954,029 |  |  | 2,879,854 |
Return on Average Assets, annualized | 1.32 | % |  | 1.20 | % |  | 1.19 | % |  | 1.18 | % |  | 1.28 | %
Return on Average Equity, annualized | 13.82 | % |  | 12.79 | % |  | 12.98 | % |  | 12.94 | % |  | 13.96 | %
Return on Average Tangible Equity, annualized 2 | 15.05 | % |  | 13.96 | % |  | 14.22 | % |  | 14.20 | % |  | 15.36 | %
Average Earning Assets | $ | 2,881,035 |  |  | $ | 2,865,085 |  |  | $ | 2,847,966 |  |  | $ | 2,832,558 |  |  | $ | 2,757,020 |
Average Paying Liabilities | 2,213,642 |  |  | 2,235,462 |  |  | 2,224,403 |  |  | 2,189,233 |  |  | 2,110,924 |
Interest Income | 27,952 |  |  | 27,227 |  |  | 26,213 |  |  | 26,000 |  |  | 24,495 |
Tax-Equivalent Adjustment 3 | 344 |  |  | 376 |  |  | 373 |  |  | 376 |  |  | 376 |
Interest Income, Tax-Equivalent 3 | 28,296 |  |  | 27,603 |  |  | 26,586 |  |  | 26,376 |  |  | 24,871 |
Interest Expense | 5,649 |  |  | 5,520 |  |  | 5,092 |  |  | 4,343 |  |  | 3,498 |
Net Interest Income | 22,303 |  |  | 21,707 |  |  | 21,121 |  |  | 21,657 |  |  | 20,997 |
Net Interest Income, Tax-Equivalent 3 | 22,647 |  |  | 22,083 |  |  | 21,494 |  |  | 22,033 |  |  | 21,373 |
Net Interest Margin, annualized | 3.07 | % |  | 3.04 | % |  | 3.01 | % |  | 3.03 | % |  | 3.02 | %
Net Interest Margin, Tax Equivalent, annualized 3 | 3.12 | % |  | 3.09 | % |  | 3.06 | % |  | 3.09 | % |  | 3.08 | %
Efficiency Ratio Calculation: 4 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Noninterest Expense | $ | 16,791 |  |  | $ | 16,908 |  |  | $ | 16,652 |  |  | $ | 16,881 |  |  | $ | 16,026 |
Less: Intangible Asset Amortization | 61 |  |  | 44 |  |  | 79 |  |  | 65 |  |  | 65 |
Net Noninterest Expense | $ | 16,730 |  |  | $ | 16,864 |  |  | $ | 16,573 |  |  | $ | 16,816 |  |  | $ | 15,961 |
Net Interest Income, Tax-Equivalent 3 | $ | 22,647 |  |  | $ | 22,083 |  |  | $ | 21,494 |  |  | $ | 22,033 |  |  | $ | 21,373 |
Noninterest Income | 7,691 |  |  | 6,896 |  |  | 6,887 |  |  | 6,799 |  |  | 7,350 |
Less: Net Changes in Fair Value of Equity Invest. | 146 |  |  | — |  |  | 76 |  |  | (142 | ) |  | 114 |
Net Gross Income | $ | 30,192 |  |  | $ | 28,979 |  |  | $ | 28,305 |  |  | $ | 28,974 |  |  | $ | 28,609 |
Efficiency Ratio 4 | 55.41 | % |  | 58.19 | % |  | 58.55 | % |  | 58.04 | % |  | 55.79 | %
Period-End Capital Information: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total Stockholders’ Equity (i.e. Book Value) | $ | 292,228 |  |  | $ | 284,649 |  |  | $ | 276,609 |  |  | $ | 269,584 |  |  | $ | 264,810 |
Book Value per Share 1 | 19.52 |  |  | 19.04 |  |  | 18.55 |  |  | 18.08 |  |  | 17.80 |
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, net | 23,586 |  |  | 23,603 |  |  | 23,650 |  |  | 23,725 |  |  | 23,827 |
Tangible Book Value per Share 1,2 | 17.95 |  |  | 17.46 |  |  | 16.97 |  |  | 16.49 |  |  | 16.20 |
Capital Ratios:5 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Tier 1 Leverage Ratio | 10.04 | % |  | 9.88 | % |  | 9.73 | % |  | 9.61 | % |  | 9.67 | %
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital Ratio | 12.93 | % |  | 12.99 | % |  | 12.98 | % |  | 12.89 | % |  | 12.89 | %
Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital Ratio | 13.85 | % |  | 13.93 | % |  | 13.95 | % |  | 13.87 | % |  | 13.90 | %
Total Risk-Based Capital Ratio | 14.81 | % |  | 14.91 | % |  | 14.93 | % |  | 14.86 | % |  | 14.90 | %
Assets Under Trust Admin. & Investment Mgmt. | $ | 1,485,116 |  |  | $ | 1,496,966 |  |  | $ | 1,483,259 |  |  | $ | 1,385,752 |  |  | $ | 1,551,289 |

# 46

Arrow Financial Corporation
Selected Quarterly Information - Continued
(Dollars In Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts - Unaudited)

Footnotes: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
1. | Share and Per Share Data have been restated for the September 27, 2019, 3% stock dividend.
2. | Non-GAAP Financial Measures Reconciliation: Tangible Book Value, Tangible Equity and Return on Tangible Equity exclude goodwill and other intangible assets, net from total equity. These are non-GAAP financial measures which the Company believes provide investors with information that is useful in understanding our financial performance. See "Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures" on page 45.
|  | 9/30/2019 |  | 6/30/2019 |  | 3/31/2019 |  | 12/31/2018 |  | 9/30/2018
| Total Stockholders' Equity (GAAP) | $ | 292,228 |  |  | $ | 284,649 |  |  | $ | 276,609 |  |  | $ | 269,584 |  |  | $ | 264,810 |
| Less: Goodwill and Other Intangible assets, net | 23,586 |  |  | 23,603 |  |  | 23,650 |  |  | 23,725 |  |  | 23,827 |
| Tangible Equity (Non-GAAP) | $ | 268,642 |  |  | $ | 261,046 |  |  | $ | 252,959 |  |  | $ | 245,859 |  |  | $ | 240,983 |
| Period End Shares Outstanding | 14,969 |  |  | 14,949 |  |  | 14,909 |  |  | 14,907 |  |  | 14,875 |
| Tangible Book Value per Share (Non-GAAP) | $ | 17.95 |  |  | $ | 17.46 |  |  | $ | 16.97 |  |  | $ | 16.49 |  |  | $ | 16.20 |
| Net Income | 10,067 |  |  | 8,934 |  |  | 8,734 |  |  | 8,758 |  |  | 9,260 |
| Return on Average Tangible Equity (Net Income/Tangible Equity - Annualized) | 15.05 | % |  | 13.96 | % |  | 14.22 | % |  | 14.20 | % |  | 15.36 | %
3. | Non-GAAP Financial Measures Reconciliation: Net Interest Margin is the ratio of our annualized tax-equivalent net interest income to average earning assets. This is also a non-GAAP financial measure which the Company believes provides investors with information that is useful in understanding our financial performance. See "Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures" on page 45.
|  | 9/30/2019 |  | 6/30/2019 |  | 3/31/2019 |  | 12/31/2018 |  | 9/30/2018
| Interest Income (GAAP) | $ | 27,952 |  |  | $ | 27,227 |  |  | $ | 26,213 |  |  | $ | 26,000 |  |  | $ | 24,495 |
| Add: Tax-Equivalent adjustment (Non-GAAP) | 344 |  |  | 376 |  |  | 373 |  |  | 376 |  |  | 376 |
| Interest Income - Tax Equivalent (Non-GAAP) | $ | 28,296 |  |  | $ | 27,603 |  |  | $ | 26,586 |  |  | $ | 26,376 |  |  | $ | 24,871 |
| Net Interest Income (GAAP) | $ | 22,303 |  |  | $ | 21,707 |  |  | $ | 21,121 |  |  | $ | 21,657 |  |  | $ | 20,997 |
| Add: Tax-Equivalent adjustment (Non-GAAP) | 344 |  |  | 376 |  |  | 373 |  |  | 376 |  |  | 376 |
| Net Interest Income - Tax Equivalent (Non-GAAP) | $ | 22,647 |  |  | $ | 22,083 |  |  | $ | 21,494 |  |  | $ | 22,033 |  |  | $ | 21,373 |
| Average Earning Assets | $ | 2,881,035 |  |  | $ | 2,865,085 |  |  | $ | 2,847,966 |  |  | $ | 2,832,558 |  |  | $ | 2,757,020 |
| Net Interest Margin (Non-GAAP)* | 3.12 | % |  | 3.09 | % |  | 3.06 | % |  | 3.09 | % |  | 3.08 | %
4. | Non-GAAP Financial Measures: Financial Institutions often use the "efficiency ratio", a non-GAAP ratio, as a measure of expense control. The Company believes the efficiency ratio provides investors with information that is useful in understanding our financial performance. The Company defines efficiency ratio as the ratio of our noninterest expense to our net gross income (which equals tax-equivalent net interest income plus noninterest income, as adjusted). There is no GAAP financial measure that is closely comparable to the efficiency ratio. See "Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures" on page 45.
5. | For the current quarter, all of the regulatory capital ratios in the table above, as well as the Total Risk-Weighted Assets and Common Equity Tier 1 Capital amounts listed in the table below, are estimates based on, and calculated in accordance with, bank regulatory capital rules. All prior quarters reflect actual results. The September 30, 2019 CET1 ratio listed in the tables (i.e., 12.93%) exceeds the sum of the required minimum CET1 ratio plus the fully phased-in Capital Conservation Buffer (i.e., 7.00%).
|  | 9/30/2019 |  | 6/30/2019 |  | 3/31/2019 |  | 12/31/2018 |  | 9/30/2018
| Total Risk Weighted Assets | $ | 2,184,214 |  |  | $ | 2,121,541 |  |  | $ | 2,075,115 |  |  | $ | 2,046,495 |  |  | $ | 1,999,849 |
| Common Equity Tier 1 Capital | 282,485 |  |  | 275,528 |  |  | 269,363 |  |  | 263,863 |  |  | 257,852 |
| Common Equity Tier 1 Capital Ratio | 12.93 | % |  | 12.99 | % |  | 12.98 | % |  | 12.89 | % |  | 12.89 | %

* Quarterly ratios have been annualized.
# 47

Arrow Financial Corporation Selected Year-to-Date Information (Dollars In Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts - Unaudited)
Nine Months Ended | 9/30/2019 |  | 9/30/2018
Net Income | $ | 27,735 |  |  | $ | 27,521 |
Transactions Recorded in Net Income (Net of Tax): |  |  |
Net Changes in Fair Value of Equity Investments | 166 |  |  | 264 |
Share and Per Share Data: 1 |  |  |
Period End Shares Outstanding | 14,969 |  |  | 14,875 |
Basic Average Shares Outstanding | 14,927 |  |  | 14,825 |
Diluted Average Shares Outstanding | 14,968 |  |  | 14,914 |
Basic Earnings Per Share | $ | 1.86 |  |  | $ | 1.85 |
Diluted Earnings Per Share | 1.85 |  |  | 1.84 |
Cash Dividend Per Share | 0.76 |  |  | 0.72 |
Selected Year-to-Date Average Balances: |  |  |
Interest-Bearing Deposits at Banks | $ | 26,121 |  |  | $ | 29,024 |
Investment Securities | 580,062 |  |  | 642,380 |
Loans | 2,258,633 |  |  | 2,029,597 |
Deposits | 2,419,390 |  |  | 2,303,454 |
Other Borrowed Funds | 271,198 |  |  | 240,027 |
Stockholders’ Equity | 280,769 |  |  | 256,913 |
Total Assets | 2,999,354 |  |  | 2,822,635 |
Return on Average Assets, annualized | 1.24 | % |  | 1.30 | %
Return on Average Equity, annualized | 13.21 | % |  | 14.32 | %
Return on Average Tangible Equity, annualized 2 | 14.42 | % |  | 15.80 | %
Average Earning Assets | 2,864,816 |  |  | 2,701,001 |
Average Paying Liabilities | 2,224,463 |  |  | 2,087,445 |
Interest Income | 81,392 |  |  | 70,503 |
Tax-Equivalent Adjustment 3 | 1,093 |  |  | 1,335 |
Interest Income, Tax-Equivalent 3 | 82,485 |  |  | 71,838 |
Interest Expense | 16,261 |  |  | 8,142 |
Net Interest Income | 65,131 |  |  | 62,361 |
Net Interest Income, Tax-Equivalent 3 | 66,224 |  |  | 63,696 |
Net Interest Margin, annualized | 3.04 | % |  | 3.09 | %
Net Interest Margin, Tax Equivalent, annualized 3 | 3.09 | % |  | 3.15 | %
Efficiency Ratio Calculation: 4 |  |  |
Noninterest Expense | $ | 50,351 |  |  | $ | 48,174 |
Less: Intangible Asset Amortization | 184 |  |  | 197 |
Net Noninterest Expense | 50,167 |  |  | 47,977 |
Net Interest Income, Tax-Equivalent 3 | 66,224 |  |  | 63,696 |
Noninterest Income | 21,474 |  |  | 22,150 |
Less: Net Changes in Fair Value of Equity Securities | 222 |  |  | 355 |
Net Gross Income | 87,476 |  |  | 85,491 |
Efficiency Ratio 4 | 57.35 | % |  | 56.12 | %

# 48

Arrow Financial Corporation
Selected Year-to-Date Information - Continued
(Dollars In Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts - Unaudited)

Footnotes: |  |  |
1. | Share and Per Share Data have been restated for the September 27, 2019, 3% stock dividend.
2. | Tangible Book Value, Tangible Equity and Return on Tangible Equity exclude goodwill and other intangible assets, net from total equity. These are non-GAAP financial measures which the Company believes provide investors with information that is useful in understanding our financial performance. See "Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures" on page 45.
|  | 9/30/2019 |  | 9/30/2018
| Total Stockholders' Equity (GAAP) | $ | 292,228 |  |  | $ | 264,810 |
| Less: Goodwill and Other Intangible assets, net | 23,586 |  |  | 23,827 |
| Tangible Equity (Non-GAAP) | $ | 268,642 |  |  | $ | 240,983 |
| Period End Shares Outstanding | 14,969 |  |  | 14,875 |
| Tangible Book Value per Share (Non-GAAP) | $ | 17.95 |  |  | $ | 16.20 |
| Net Income | 27,735 |  |  | 27,521 |
| Return on Tangible Equity (Net Income/Tangible Equity - Annualized) | 14.42 | % |  | 15.80 | %
3. | Net Interest Margin is the ratio of our annualized tax-equivalent net interest income to average earning assets. This is also a non-GAAP financial measure which the Company believes provides investors with information that is useful in understanding our financial performance. See "Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures" on page 45.
|  | 9/30/2019 |  | 9/30/2018
| Interest Income (GAAP) | $ | 81,392 |  |  | $ | 70,503 |
| Add: Tax-Equivalent adjustment (Non-GAAP) | $ | 1,093 |  |  | $ | 1,335 |
| Net Interest Income - Tax Equivalent (Non-GAAP) | $ | 82,485 |  |  | $ | 71,838 |
| Net Interest Income (GAAP) | $ | 65,131 |  |  | $ | 62,361 |
| Add: Tax-Equivalent adjustment (Non-GAAP) | 1,093 |  |  | 1,335 |
| Net Interest Income - Tax Equivalent (Non-GAAP) | $ | 66,224 |  |  | $ | 63,696 |
| Average Earning Assets | $ | 2,864,816 |  |  | $ | 2,701,001 |
| Net Interest Margin (Non-GAAP)* | 3.09 | % |  | 3.15 | %
4. | Financial Institutions often use the "efficiency ratio", a non-GAAP ratio, as a measure of expense control. The Company believes efficiency ratio provides investors with information that is useful in understanding financial performance. Efficiency ratio is defined as the ratio of our noninterest expense to our net gross income (which equals our tax-equivalent net interest income plus noninterest income, as adjusted). See "Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures" on page 45.

* Year-to-date ratios have been annualized.
# 49

Average Consolidated Balance Sheets and Net Interest Income Analysis
(GAAP Basis)
(Dollars In Thousands)
Quarter Ended September 30: | 2019 |  | 2018
|  |  | Interest |  | Rate |  |  |  | Interest |  | Rate
| Average |  | Income/ |  | Earned/ |  | Average |  | Income/ |  | Earned/
| Balance |  | Expense |  | Paid |  | Balance |  | Expense |  | Paid
Interest-Bearing Deposits at Banks | $ | 27,083 |  |  | $ | 182 |  |  | 2.67 | % |  | $ | 30,522 |  |  | $ | 182 |  |  | 2.37 | %
Investment Securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fully Taxable | 328,328 |  |  | 2,018 |  |  | 2.44 |  |  | 394,072 |  |  | 2,187 |  |  | 2.20 |
Exempt from Federal Taxes | 216,745 |  |  | 1,132 |  |  | 2.07 |  |  | 242,775 |  |  | 1,287 |  |  | 2.10 |
Loans | 2,308,879 |  |  | 24,620 |  |  | 4.23 |  |  | 2,089,651 |  |  | 20,839 |  |  | 3.96 |
Total Earning Assets | 2,881,035 |  |  | 27,952 |  |  | 3.85 |  |  | 2,757,020 |  |  | 24,495 |  |  | 3.52 |
Allowance for Loan Losses | (20,617 | ) |  |  |  |  |  | (19,596 | ) |  |  |  |
Cash and Due From Banks | 36,423 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 38,344 |  |  |  |  |
Other Assets | 126,202 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 104,086 |  |  |  |  |
Total Assets | $ | 3,023,043 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,879,854 |  |  |  |  |
Deposits: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-Bearing Checking Accounts | $ | 686,017 |  |  | 500 |  |  | 0.29 |  |  | $ | 801,193 |  |  | 390 |  |  | 0.19 |
Savings Deposits | 924,868 |  |  | 2,317 |  |  | 0.99 |  |  | 744,808 |  |  | 901 |  |  | 0.48 |
Time Deposits of $250,000 or More | 86,018 |  |  | 451 |  |  | 2.08 |  |  | 75,888 |  |  | 301 |  |  | 1.57 |
Other Time Deposits | 285,448 |  |  | 1,255 |  |  | 1.74 |  |  | 174,731 |  |  | 370 |  |  | 0.84 |
Total Interest-Bearing Deposits | 1,982,351 |  |  | 4,523 |  |  | 0.91 |  |  | 1,796,620 |  |  | 1,962 |  |  | 0.43 |
Short-Term Borrowings | 176,028 |  |  | 703 |  |  | 1.58 |  |  | 249,304 |  |  | 1,075 |  |  | 1.71 |
FHLBNY Term Advances & Other Long-Term Debt | 50,000 |  |  | 395 |  |  | 3.13 |  |  | 65,000 |  |  | 461 |  |  | 2.81 |
Finance Leases | 5,263 |  |  | 28 |  |  | 2.11 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total Interest-Bearing Liabilities | 2,213,642 |  |  | 5,649 |  |  | 1.01 |  |  | 2,110,924 |  |  | 3,498 |  |  | 0.66 |
Noninterest-bearing deposits | 490,177 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 483,089 |  |  |  |  |
Other Liabilities | 30,208 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 22,702 |  |  |  |  |
Total Liabilities | 2,734,027 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,616,715 |  |  |  |  |
Stockholders’ Equity | 289,016 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 263,139 |  |  |  |  |
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity | $ | 3,023,043 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,879,854 |  |  |  |  |
Net Interest Income |  |  | $ | 22,303 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 20,997 |  |  |
Net Interest Spread |  |  |  |  | 2.84 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 2.86 | %
Net Interest Margin |  |  |  |  | 3.07 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 3.02 | %

# 50

Average Consolidated Balance Sheets and Net Interest Income Analysis
(GAAP Basis)
(Dollars In Thousands)
Nine Months Ended September 30: | 2019 |  | 2018
|  |  | Interest |  | Rate |  |  |  | Interest |  | Rate
| Average |  | Income/ |  | Earned/ |  | Average |  | Income/ |  | Earned/
| Balance |  | Expense |  | Paid |  | Balance |  | Expense |  | Paid
Interest-Bearing Deposits at Banks | $ | 26,121 |  |  | $ | 572 |  |  | 2.93 | % |  | $ | 29,024 |  |  | $ | 474 |  |  | 2.18 | %
Investment Securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fully Taxable | 353,428 |  |  | 6,671 |  |  | 2.52 |  |  | 376,869 |  |  | 6,128 |  |  | 2.17 |
Exempt from Federal Taxes | 226,634 |  |  | 3,606 |  |  | 2.13 |  |  | 265,511 |  |  | 4,295 |  |  | 2.16 |
Loans | 2,258,633 |  |  | 70,543 |  |  | 4.18 |  |  | 2,029,597 |  |  | 59,606 |  |  | 3.93 |
Total Earning Assets | 2,864,816 |  |  | 81,392 |  |  | 3.80 |  |  | 2,701,001 |  |  | 70,503 |  |  | 3.49 |
Allowance for Loan Losses | (20,352 | ) |  |  |  |  |  | (19,065 | ) |  |  |  |
Cash and Due From Banks | 34,907 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 36,306 |  |  |  |  |
Other Assets | 119,983 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 104,392 |  |  |  |  |
Total Assets | $ | 2,999,354 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,822,634 |  |  |  |  |
Deposits: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-Bearing Checking Accounts | $ | 728,931 |  |  | 1,435 |  |  | 0.26 |  |  | $ | 860,355 |  |  | 1,165 |  |  | 0.18 |
Savings Deposits | 879,576 |  |  | 5,926 |  |  | 0.90 |  |  | 739,684 |  |  | 2,134 |  |  | 0.39 |
Time Deposits of $250,000 or More | 87,714 |  |  | 1,362 |  |  | 2.08 |  |  | 78,671 |  |  | 833 |  |  | 1.42 |
Other Time Deposits | 257,044 |  |  | 3,099 |  |  | 1.61 |  |  | 168,708 |  |  | 911 |  |  | 0.72 |
Total Interest-Bearing Deposits | 1,953,265 |  |  | 11,822 |  |  | 0.81 |  |  | 1,847,418 |  |  | 5,043 |  |  | 0.36 |
Short-Term Borrowings | 212,977 |  |  | 3,102 |  |  | 1.95 |  |  | 172,463 |  |  | 1,736 |  |  | 1.35 |
FHLBNY Term Advances and Other Long-Term Debt | 54,469 |  |  | 1,266 |  |  | 3.11 |  |  | 67,564 |  |  | 1,363 |  |  | 2.70 |
Finance Leases | 3,752 |  |  | 71 |  |  | 3.72 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total Interest-Bearing Liabilities | 2,224,463 |  |  | 16,261 |  |  | 0.98 |  |  | 2,087,445 |  |  | 8,142 |  |  | 0.52 |
Noninterest-bearing deposits | 466,125 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 456,036 |  |  |  |  |
Other Liabilities | 27,998 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 22,240 |  |  |  |  |
Total Liabilities | 2,718,586 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,565,721 |  |  |  |  |
Stockholders’ Equity | 280,769 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 256,913 |  |  |  |  |
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity | $ | 2,999,354 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,822,634 |  |  |  |  |
Net Interest Income |  |  | $ | 65,131 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 62,361 |  |  |
Net Interest Spread |  |  |  |  | 2.82 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 2.97 | %
Net Interest Margin |  |  |  |  | 3.04 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 3.09 | %

# 51

OVERVIEW
The following discussion and analysis focuses on and reviews the results of operations for the three-month period ended September 30, 2019 and the financial condition as of September 30, 2019 and 2018. The discussion below should be read in conjunction with the selected quarterly and annual information set forth above and the Consolidated Financial Statements and other financial data presented elsewhere in this Report. When necessary, prior-year financial information has been reclassified to conform to the current-year presentation.
Summary of Q3 2019 Financial Results: Net income was $10.1 million for the third quarter of 2019, an increase of $807 thousand, or 8.7%, over net income for the third quarter of 2018. Diluted earnings per share (EPS) for the quarter was $0.67, an increase of 8.1% from the EPS of $0.62 reported for the third quarter of 2018. Return on average equity (ROE) for the third quarter of 2019 decreased to 13.82%, as compared to a ROE of 13.96% for the quarter ended September 30, 2018. Return on average assets (ROA) for the 2019 third quarter was 1.32%, an increase from an ROA of 1.28% for the quarter ended September 30, 2018.
Factors contributing to the results for the current quarter compared to the prior year comparable quarter are as follows:
Net interest income increased 6.2% to $22.3 million, driven by the $3.8 million increase in interest and fees on loans resulting from continued strong loan growth. The net interest margin was 3.07% for the quarter, compared to 3.02% for the third quarter of 2018. The increase in net interest margin from the third quarter of 2018 was primarily due to an improved balance sheet mix. Loans increased $209.5 million as compared to September 30, 2018. Yield on loans improved from 3.96% for the third quarter of 2018 to 4.23% for the third quarter of 2019. Funding of loans came from a reduction of investments as well as an increase in deposits versus short and long-term borrowing. Third quarter average interest-bearing liabilities were $2.2 billion as of September 30, 2019 as compared to $2.1 billion as of September 30, 2018. Total combined Federal Home Loan Bank Overnight and Term Advances as of September 30, 2019, declined $98.0 million from September 30, 2018.
Noninterest income for the three months ended September 30, 2019, was $7.7 million, compared to $7.4 million in the comparable 2018 quarter. For the third quarter of 2019, income from fiduciary activities and insurance combined to generate 13.8% of total revenue of the quarter. For the third quarter of 2018, income from fiduciary activities and insurance combined to generate 15.1% of total revenue for the quarter.
Noninterest expense for the third quarter of 2019 increased 4.8% to $16.8 million, from $16.0 million for the third quarter of 2018. Technology and equipment expense increased $546 thousand, and other operating expense increased $481 thousand from the comparable quarter in 2018. FDIC Small Bank Assessment Credits of $687 thousand were fully recorded in the third quarter of 2019.
The provision for income taxes was $2.6 million for the third quarter of 2019 compared to $2.5 million for the same quarter of 2018. The effective income tax rates for the three-month periods ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 were 20.6% and 21.1%, respectively.
The changes in net income, net interest income and net interest margin between the three-month periods are discussed in detail under the heading "RESULTS OF OPERATIONS," beginning on page 65.
2018 Regulatory Reform: The Economic Growth Act, was signed into law May 24, 2018. Some of its provisions were written to take effect immediately; others have later specified effective dates and still others are open-ended, to be implemented by rule-making. See the discussion of this item under C. SUPERVISION AND REGULATION, "2018 Regulatory Reform" within the 2018 Annual Report for further details.
Regulatory Capital and Increase in Stockholders' Equity: At September 30, 2019, the Company continued to exceed all required minimum capital ratios under the current bank regulatory capital rules as implemented under Dodd-Frank (the "Capital Rules") at both the holding company and bank levels. At that date, both subsidiary banks, as well as the holding company, continued to qualify as "well-capitalized" under the capital classification guidelines as defined by the Capital Rules. Because of continued profitability and strong asset quality, the regulatory capital levels throughout recent years have consistently remained well in excess of the various required regulatory minimums in effect from time to time, as they do at present. Pursuant to the Capital Rules, required minimum regulatory capital levels for insured banks and their parent holding companies increased in 2019. Pursuant to Economic Growth Act, the federal bank regulators were required to implement a simplified community bank leverage ratio capital standard that may be applicable to Arrow and its subsidiary banks to allow them to satisfy all applicable capital and leverage requirements, including the currently applicable risk-based capital ratio requirements. The federal bank regulators have issued a final rule to implement the “community bank leverage ratio”, introducing an optional simplified measure of capital adequacy for qualifying community banking organizations (the community bank leverage ratio (CBLR) framework). To qualify for the CBLR framework, a community banking organization must satisfy certain requirements, including having a tier 1 leverage ratio of greater than 9%, less than $10 billion in total consolidated assets, and limited amounts of off-balance-sheet exposures and trading assets and liabilities. A qualifying community banking organizational that opts into the CBLR framework and meets all requirements under the CBLR framework will be considered to have met the well-capitalized ratio requirements under the “prompt corrective action” regulations and will not be required to report or calculate risk-based capital. Based on preliminary estimates, the Company’s leverage ratio computed in compliance with this new standard is expected to exceed this new 9% threshold. This final rule will be effective as of January 1, 2020, and qualifying community banking organizations can utilize the CBLR framework for purposes of filing their call reports or Form FR Y-9C, as applicable, for the first quarter of 2020 (i.e., as of March 31, 2020).
Stockholders’ equity was $292.2 million at September 30, 2019, an increase of $22.6 million, or 8.4%, from the December 31, 2018 level of $269.6 million, and an increase of $27.4 million, or 10.4%, from the prior-year level. The increase in stockholders' equity over the first nine months of 2019 principally reflected the following factors: (i) $27.74 million of net income for the period, plus (ii) other comprehensive income of $4.83 million, plus (iii) issuance of $3.76 million of common stock through employee benefit and dividend reinvestment plans; reduced by (iv) cash dividends of $11.31 million; and (v) repurchases of common stock of $2.37 million. The
# 52

components of the change in stockholders’ equity since year-end 2018 are presented in the Consolidated Statement of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity on page 7, and are discussed in more detail in the next section.
At September 30, 2019, book value per share was $19.52, up by 9.7% over the prior-year level. Tangible book value per share (a non-GAAP measure that deducts intangible assets from stockholders' equity) was $17.95, an increase of $1.75, or 10.8%, over the level as of September 30, 2018. See the disclosure on page 45 related to the use of non-GAAP financial measures including tangible book value.
On September 30, 2019, the Company's closing stock price was $33.39, representing a trading multiple of 1.86 to tangible book value. As adjusted for the 3% stock dividend distributed September 27, 2019, in the third quarter of 2019, the Company paid a quarterly cash dividend of $0.25. Further discussion of dividends is included in the Capital Components; Stock Repurchases; Dividends section located on page 63.
Loan Quality: Net charge-offs for the third quarter of 2019 were $282 thousand as compared to $223 thousand for the comparable 2018 quarter. The ratio of net charge-offs to average loans (annualized) was 0.05% for the third quarter of 2019 compared to 0.04% for the third quarter of 2018. At September 30, 2019, the allowance for loan losses was $20.9 million representing 0.90% of total loans, which is a decrease from the September 30, 2018 ratio of 0.94%. The allowance was determined to be appropriate and reflects the continuing strong credit quality in the loan portfolio.
Nonperforming loans were $4.7 million at September 30, 2019, representing 0.20% of period-end loans, a decrease from the September 30, 2018 ratio of 0.27%. The ratio continues to compare favorably with the weighted average ratio of the peer group of 0.53% at June 30, 2019.
Loan Segments: During the quarter ended September 30, 2019, total loans grew by $55.3 million, or 2.4% as compared to the balance at June 30, 2019. The largest increase was in consumer loans, which increased during the quarter by $26.8 million, or 3.4%. In addition, residential real estate loans expanded by $16.9 million, or 1.9% and the total commercial loan portfolio increased by $11.6 million, or 1.8%.

• | Commercial Loans: These loans comprised 6.1% of the total loan portfolio at period-end. The business sector, including small- and mid-sized businesses with headquarters in the Company's service area, continued to be in reasonably good financial condition at period-end.

• | Commercial Real Estate Loans: These loans comprised 21.3% of the total loan portfolio at period-end. Commercial property values in the Company's region have remained stable in recent periods. Appraisals on nonperforming and watched CRE loan properties are updated as deemed necessary, usually when the loan is downgraded or when there has been significant market deterioration since the last appraisal.

• | Consumer Loans: These loans (primarily automobile loans) comprised 34.5% of the total loan portfolio at period-end. Consumer automobile loans at September 30, 2019, were $799 million, or 99.2% of this portfolio segment. In the first nine months of 2019, the Company did not experience any significant increase in the delinquency rate or in the percentage of nonperforming loans in this segment.

• | Residential Real Estate Loans: These loans, including home equity loans, made up 38.1% of the total loan portfolio at period-end. The residential real estate market in the Company's service area has been stable in recent periods. The Company originated nearly all of the residential real estate loans currently held in the loan portfolio and applies conservative underwriting standards to loan originations. The Company typically sells a portion of residential real estate mortgage originations into the secondary market. The ratio of the sales of originations to total originations tends to fluctuate from period to period based on market conditions.

Liquidity and Access to Credit Markets: The Company has not experienced any liquidity problems or special concerns thus far in 2019, or at any time in recent history. The terms of the Company's lines of credit with correspondent banks, the FHLBNY and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, have not changed significantly in recent periods (see the general liquidity discussion on page 63). Historically, the Company has principally relied on asset-based liquidity (i.e., funds in overnight investments and cash flow from maturing investments and loans) with liability-based liquidity as a secondary source of funds (the main liability-based sources are an overnight borrowing arrangement with correspondent banks, an arrangement for overnight borrowing and term credit advances from the FHLBNY, and an additional arrangement for short-term advances at the Federal Reserve Bank discount window). Regular liquidity stress tests and tests of the contingent liquidity plan are performed to ensure that an adequate amount of available funds can be generated to meet a wide variety of potential liquidity crises, including a severe crisis.
Visa Class B Common Stock: Arrow's subsidiary bank, Glens Falls National, like other Visa member banks, bears some indirect contingent liability for Visa's direct liability arising out of certain antitrust claims involving merchant discounts to the extent that Visa's liability might exceed the amount funded in its litigation escrow account. On September 18, 2018, Visa issued a press release announcing that it and other defendants entered into a settlement agreement with class plaintiffs in the related litigation case, and it expects the damage class plaintiffs to file a motion for preliminary approval of the settlement with the court. If the settlement is approved and the balance in the litigation escrow account is sufficient to cover the litigation claims and related expenses, Arrow could potentially realize a gain on the receipt of Visa Class A common stock. On September 27, 2019, Visa deposited $300 million into the litigation escrow account that was established pursuant to Visa’s U.S. retrospective responsibility plan, which reduces the conversion rate of Class B shares to Class A shares. This did not have a significant effect on the number of Class B shares currently convertible to Class A shares by Glens Falls National. At September 30, 2019, Glens Falls National held 27,771 shares of Visa Class B common stock, and utilizing the conversion ratio to Class A common stock at that time, these Class B shares would convert to 45,000 shares of Visa Class A common stock. Since the litigation settlement is not certain, the Company does not recognize any economic value for these shares.
# 53

CHANGE IN FINANCIAL CONDITION
Summary of Selected Consolidated Balance Sheet Data
(Dollars in Thousands)

| September 30, 2019 |  | At Period-End December 31, 2018 |  | September 30, 2018 |  | $ Change From December |  | $ Change From September |  | % Change From December (not annualized) |  | % Change From September
Interest-Bearing Bank Balances | $ | 26,416 |  |  | $ | 27,710 |  |  | $ | 34,910 |  |  | $ | (1,294 | ) |  | $ | (8,494 | ) |  | (4.7 | )% |  | (24.3 | )%
Securities Available-for-Sale | 314,182 |  |  | 317,535 |  |  | 340,411 |  |  | (3,353 | ) |  | (26,229 | ) |  | (1.1 | )% |  | (7.7 | )%
Securities Held-to-Maturity | 255,095 |  |  | 283,476 |  |  | 289,952 |  |  | (28,381 | ) |  | (34,857 | ) |  | (10.0 | )% |  | (12.0 | )%
Equity Securities | 1,996 |  |  | 1,774 |  |  | 1,916 |  |  | 222 |  |  | 80 |  |  | 12.5 | % |  | 4.2 | %
Loans (1) | 2,335,591 |  |  | 2,196,215 |  |  | 2,126,100 |  |  | 139,376 |  |  | 209,491 |  |  | 6.3 | % |  | 9.9 | %
Allowance for Loan Losses | 20,931 |  |  | 20,196 |  |  | 20,003 |  |  | 735 |  |  | 928 |  |  | 3.6 | % |  | 4.6 | %
Earning Assets (1) | 2,939,907 |  |  | 2,842,216 |  |  | 2,804,155 |  |  | 97,691 |  |  | 135,752 |  |  | 3.4 | % |  | 4.8 | %
Total Assets | $ | 3,112,822 |  |  | $ | 2,988,334 |  |  | $ | 2,953,220 |  |  | $ | 124,488 |  |  | $ | 159,602 |  |  | 4.2 | % |  | 5.4 | %
Noninterest-Bearing Deposits | $ | 516,876 |  |  | $ | 472,768 |  |  | $ | 490,469 |  |  | $ | 44,108 |  |  | $ | 26,407 |  |  | 9.3 | % |  | 5.4 | %
Interest-Bearing Checking Accounts | 801,446 |  |  | 790,781 |  |  | 899,547 |  |  | 10,665 |  |  | (98,101 | ) |  | 1.3 | % |  | (10.9 | )%
Savings Deposits | 929,691 |  |  | 818,048 |  |  | 758,727 |  |  | 111,643 |  |  | 170,964 |  |  | 13.6 | % |  | 22.5 | %
Time Deposits over $250,000 | 96,770 |  |  | 73,583 |  |  | 76,226 |  |  | 23,187 |  |  | 20,544 |  |  | 31.5 | % |  | 27.0 | %
Other Time Deposits | 269,764 |  |  | 190,404 |  |  | 182,886 |  |  | 79,360 |  |  | 86,878 |  |  | 41.7 | % |  | 47.5 | %
Total Deposits | $ | 2,614,547 |  |  | $ | 2,345,584 |  |  | $ | 2,407,855 |  |  | $ | 268,963 |  |  | $ | 206,692 |  |  | 11.5 | % |  | 8.6 | %
Federal Funds Purchased and Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase | $ | 72,869 |  |  | $ | 54,659 |  |  | $ | 62,503 |  |  | $ | 18,210 |  |  | $ | 10,366 |  |  | 33.3 | % |  | 16.6 | %
FHLBNY Advances - Overnight | 48,000 |  |  | 234,000 |  |  | 131,000 |  |  | (186,000 | ) |  | (83,000 | ) |  | (79.5 | )% |  | (63.4 | )%
FHLBNY Advances - Term | 30,000 |  |  | 45,000 |  |  | 45,000 |  |  | (15,000 | ) |  | (15,000 | ) |  | (33.3 | )% |  | (33.3 | )%
Junior Subordinated Obligations Issued to Unconsolidated Subsidiary Trusts | 20,000 |  |  | 20,000 |  |  | 20,000 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — | % |  | — | %
Stockholders' Equity | 292,228 |  |  | 269,584 |  |  | 264,810 |  |  | 22,644 |  |  | 27,418 |  |  | 8.4 | % |  | 10.4 | %

(1) Includes Nonaccrual Loans.
Changes in Earning Assets: The loan portfolio at September 30, 2019, was $2.3 billion, an increase of $139.4 million, or 6.3%, from the December 31, 2018 level and up by $209.5 million, or 9.9%, from the September 30, 2018 level. The following trends were experienced in our largest segments:

• | Commercial and commercial real estate loans: This segment of the loan portfolio increased by $18.8 million, or 3.0%, during the first nine months of 2019, representing the continued demand for such loans.

• | Consumer loans (primarily automobile loans through indirect lending): As of September 30, 2019, these loans, primarily auto loans, increased by $86.3 million, or 12.0%, from the December 31, 2018 balance, reflecting a continuation of strong demand for new and used vehicles throughout our region-wide dealer network.

• | Residential real estate loans: This segment increased during the first nine months of 2019 by $34.3 million, or 4.0%. The growth in this segment was less than that in the nine-month period ending September 30, 2018. Factors contributing to the lower increase in growth compared to the prior year include increases in both loan prepayments and loan sales, as well as higher mortgage rates earlier in the year.

Municipal Deposits: Fluctuations in balances of interest-bearing checking accounts are largely the result of timing and behavior of municipal deposits. Municipal deposits on average represent 20% to 25% of total deposits. Municipal deposits are typically placed in interest-bearing checking, savings and various time deposit accounts.
In general, there is a seasonal pattern to municipal deposits which dip to a low point in August each year. Account balances tend to increase throughout the fall and into early winter from tax deposits, flatten out after the beginning of the ensuing calendar year, and increase again at the end of March from the electronic deposit of NYS Aid payments to school districts. In addition to these seasonal fluctuations within types of accounts, the overall level of municipal deposit balances fluctuates from year-to-year as a result of local economic factors as well as competition from other banks and non-bank entities.
# 54

Changes in Sources of Funds: Total deposits increased $269.0 million, or 11.5%, from December 31, 2018 to September 30, 2019 mainly due to the following: Other time deposits increased $79.4 million in 2019 mostly due to the net acquisition of $70 million in brokered deposits as Arrow's subsidiary banks diversified funding with more favorable rates as compared to wholesale borrowings. Savings deposits increased $111.6 million from December 31, 2018 to September 30, 2019. Noninterest-bearing deposits increased $44.1 million and $26.4 million from December 31, 2018 and September 30, 2018, respectively. Total combined Federal Home Loan Bank Overnight and Term Advances declined $201.0 million and $98.0 million from December 31, 2018 and September 30, 2018, respectively.
FINANCIAL CONDITION
Investment Portfolio Trends
The table below presents the changes in the period-end balances for available-for-sale, held-to-maturity and equity securities from December 31, 2018 to September 30, 2019 (in thousands).
The reduction in the portfolios on a combined basis during the period reflected the Company's continued strategy in recent years to reallocate earning assets from investment securities to higher yielding loans to maximize earning asset yields.

| (Dollars in Thousands)
| Fair Value at Period-End |  | Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) For Period Ended
| 9/30/2019 |  | 12/31/2018 |  | Change |  | 9/30/2019 |  | 12/31/2018 |  | Change
Securities Available-for-Sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Agency Securities | $ | 5,056 |  |  | $ | 46,765 |  |  | $ | (41,709 | ) |  | $ | 53 |  |  | $ | (306 | ) |  | $ | 359 |
State and Municipal Obligations | 965 |  |  | 1,195 |  |  | (230 | ) |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | (2 | )
Mortgage-Backed Securities | 307,361 |  |  | 268,775 |  |  | 38,586 |  |  | 987 |  |  | (4,452 | ) |  | 5,439 |
Corporate and Other Debt Securities | 800 |  |  | 800 |  |  | — |  |  | (200 | ) |  | (200 | ) |  | — |
Total | $ | 314,182 |  |  | $ | 317,535 |  |  | $ | (3,353 | ) |  | $ | 840 |  |  | $ | (4,956 | ) |  | $ | 5,796 |
Securities Held-to-Maturity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
State and Municipal Obligations | $ | 219,296 |  |  | $ | 233,359 |  |  | $ | (14,063 | ) |  | $ | 3,635 |  |  | $ | (2,423 | ) |  | $ | 6,058 |
Mortgage-Backed Securities | 39,832 |  |  | 46,979 |  |  | (7,147 | ) |  | 398 |  |  | (715 | ) |  | 1,113 |
Total | $ | 259,128 |  |  | $ | 280,338 |  |  | $ | (21,210 | ) |  | $ | 4,033 |  |  | $ | (3,138 | ) |  | $ | 7,171 |
Equity Securities | $ | 1,996 |  |  | $ | 1,774 |  |  | $ | 222 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |

At September 30, 2019, the Company held no investment securities in the securities portfolios that consisted of or included, directly or indirectly, obligations of foreign governments or governmental agencies of foreign issuers.
In the periods referenced above, Mortgage-Backed Securities consisted solely of mortgage pass-through securities and Collateralized Mortgage Obligations ("CMOs") issued or guaranteed by U.S. federal agencies. Mortgage pass-through securities provide to the investor monthly portions of principal and interest pursuant to the contractual obligations of the underlying mortgages. CMOs are pools of mortgage-backed securities, the repayments on which have generally been separated into two or more components (tranches), where each tranche has a separate estimated life and yield. The Company's practice has been to purchase pass-through securities and CMOs that are issued or guaranteed by U.S. federal agencies, and the tranches of CMOs purchased are generally those having shorter average lives and/or durations.
Other-Than-Temporary Impairment
Each quarter all investment securities with a fair value less than amortized cost are evaluated in the available-for-sale portfolio, the held-to-maturity portfolio and the equity securities portfolio, to determine if there exists other-than-temporary impairment for any such security as defined under generally accepted accounting principles. There were no other-than-temporary impairment losses in the first nine months of 2019.
Change in Net Unrealized Securities Gains (Losses): Nearly all of the change in net unrealized gains or losses during recent periods has been attributable to changes in the market yields during the periods in question, with no change in the credit-worthiness of the issuers.
# 55

Investment Sales, Purchases and Maturities
There were no sales of investment securities within the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2019 or 2018.
Investment yields in the debt markets experienced some volatility in 2018 and the first nine months of 2019. The Company regularly reviews its interest rate risk position along with security holdings to evaluate if market opportunities have arisen that may present an opportunity to reposition certain securities as available-for-sale to enhance portfolio performance.
The following table summarizes purchases of investment securities within the available-for-sale and held-to-maturity portfolios for the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, as well as proceeds from the maturity and calls of investment securities within each portfolio for the respective periods presented:

(In Thousands) | Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
Purchases: | 9/30/2019 |  | 9/30/2018 |  | 9/30/2019 |  | 9/30/2018
Available-for-Sale Portfolio |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage-Backed Securities | $ | 55,028 |  |  | $ | 28,148 |  |  | $ | 70,418 |  |  | $ | 84,746 |
Maturities & Calls | $ | 27,391 |  |  | $ | 27,283 |  |  | $ | 79,077 |  |  | $ | 36.663 |

| Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
Purchases: | 9/30/2019 |  | 9/30/2018 |  | 9/30/2019 |  | 9/30/2018
Held-to-Maturity Portfolio |  |  |  |  |  |  |
State and Municipal Obligations | $ | 1,302 |  |  | $ | 2,401 |  |  | $ | 3,398 |  |  | $ | 4,506 |
Maturities & Calls | $ | 8,553 |  |  | $ | 10,105 |  |  | $ | 31,161 |  |  | $ | 49.721 |

Loan Trends
The following two tables present, for each of the last five quarters, the quarterly average balances by loan type and the percentage of total loans represented by each loan type. For purposes of the following tables only, Home Equity loans have been separately disclosed from Residential Real Estate loans (they are otherwise included in a single category in this Report). Commercial and Commercial Real Estate loans have been combined into a single category (they are treated as separate categories in other sections of this Report). Over the last five quarters, the average balances for Commercial and Commercial Real Estate, Residential Real Estate and Consumer Loans have steadily increased, although at different rates. Average balances for Home Equity loans have shown a slight contraction in recent quarters.
Quarterly Average Loan Balances
(Dollars in Thousands)

| Quarter Ended
| 9/30/2019 |  | 6/30/2019 |  | 3/31/2019 |  | 12/31/2018 |  | 9/30/2018
Commercial and Commercial Real Estate | $ | 634,412 |  |  | $ | 627,634 |  |  | $ | 624,058 |  |  | $ | 609,343 |  |  | $ | 590,254 |
Consumer Loans | 793,340 |  |  | 762,911 |  |  | 733,154 |  |  | 706,849 |  |  | 678,048 |
Residential Real Estate | 758,523 |  |  | 739,667 |  |  | 725,274 |  |  | 712,274 |  |  | 686,705 |
Home Equity | 122,604 |  |  | 125,087 |  |  | 128,156 |  |  | 131,969 |  |  | 134,644 |
Total Loans | $ | 2,308,879 |  |  | $ | 2,255,299 |  |  | $ | 2,210,642 |  |  | $ | 2,160,435 |  |  | $ | 2,089,651 |

Percentage of Total Quarterly Average Loans

| Quarter Ended
| 9/30/2019 |  | 6/30/2019 |  | 3/31/2019 |  | 12/31/2018 |  | 9/30/2018
Commercial and Commercial Real Estate | 27.5 | % |  | 27.9 | % |  | 28.2 | % |  | 28.2 | % |  | 28.2 | %
Consumer Loans | 34.3 |  |  | 33.8 |  |  | 33.2 |  |  | 32.7 |  |  | 32.5 |
Residential Real Estate | 32.9 |  |  | 32.8 |  |  | 32.8 |  |  | 33.0 |  |  | 32.9 |
Home Equity | 5.3 |  |  | 5.5 |  |  | 5.8 |  |  | 6.1 |  |  | 6.4 |
Total Loans | 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | %

# 56

Maintenance of High Quality in the Loan Portfolio: In the first nine months of 2019, there were no significant fluctuations in the quality of the loan portfolio or any segment thereof. In general, residential real estate loans have historically been underwritten to secondary market standards for prime loans and the Company has not engaged in subprime mortgage lending as a business line. Similarly, high underwriting standards have generally been applied to commercial and commercial real estate lending operations and generally in the indirect lending program as well.
Commercial Loans and Commercial Real Estate Loans: For the first nine months of 2019, combined commercial and commercial real estate loan originations continued to grow.
Substantially all commercial and commercial real estate loans in the loan portfolio were extended to businesses or borrowers located in the Company's regional markets. A portion of the loans in the commercial portfolio have variable rates tied to prime or FHLBNY rates.
Although demand has been steady, it is possible that demand for commercial and commercial real estate loans may generally weaken in upcoming periods and/or that the quality of this segment of the portfolio may experience stress in upcoming periods. Generally, the business sector in the Company's service area, appeared to be in reasonably good financial condition at period-end.
Consumer Loans: At September 30, 2019, consumer loans (primarily automobile loans originated through dealerships located primarily in upstate New York and Vermont) continues to be a significant component of business, comprising more than a third of this total loan portfolio.
New consumer loan volume for the first nine months of 2019 remained strong, at $319.6 million, up from the $291.8 million originated in the first nine months of 2018. As a result of these originations, the quarterly average balance of the consumer loan portfolio at September 30, 2019 grew by $115.3 million, or 17.0%, from the quarterly average balance at September 30, 2018.
For credit quality purposes, the Company assigns potential automobile loan customers into one of four tiers, ranging from lower to higher quality in terms of anticipated credit risk. The Company's experienced lending staff not only utilizes credit evaluation software tools but also reviews and evaluates each loan individually prior to the loan being funded. The Company believes that this disciplined approach to evaluating risk has contributed to maintaining the strong loan quality in this portfolio. However, if weakness in auto demand returns, the portfolio is likely to experience limited, if any, overall growth regardless of whether the auto company affiliates are offering highly-subsidized loans. If demand levels off or declines, the financial performance in this important loan category may be negatively impacted. In addition, the Company may sell a portion of the indirect loan portfolio if market conditions are favorable. Also, if the local economy in the consumer lending areas were to experience a significant downturn, the quality of the consumer loan portfolio may also be negatively impacted.
Residential Real Estate Loans: In recent years, residential real estate loans, including home equity loans, have represented the largest category of the total loan portfolio. Gross originations for residential real estate loans (including refinancings of mortgage loans) for the first nine months of 2019 were $102.2 million. Origination totals exceeded the sum of cash flows received from borrowers in the third quarter and the Company has also sold portions of these originations in the secondary market. In the first nine months of 2019, the Company sold $19.0 million, or 18.6%, of originations. In the first nine months of 2018, $3.5 million, or 3.4%, of originations were sold. The Company expects to continue to sell a portion of mortgage loan originations in upcoming periods if market conditions warrant. At some point, it is possible that the Company may experience a decrease in outstanding loan balances in this segment of the loan portfolio. Additionally, if the local economy or real estate market should suffer a major downturn, the quality of the real estate portfolio may also be negatively impacted.
The following table indicates the annualized tax-equivalent yield of each loan category for the past five quarters.
Quarterly Taxable Equivalent Yield on Loans

| Quarter Ended
| 9/30/2019 |  | 6/30/2019 |  | 3/31/2019 |  | 12/31/2018 |  | 9/30/2018
Commercial and Commercial Real Estate | 4.61 | % |  | 4.57 | % |  | 4.46 | % |  | 4.50 | % |  | 4.42 | %
Consumer Loans | 4.20 |  |  | 3.89 |  |  | 3.68 |  |  | 3.64 |  |  | 3.52 |
Residential Real Estate | 3.87 |  |  | 4.12 |  |  | 4.09 |  |  | 4.09 |  |  | 4.05 |
Home Equity | 5.00 |  |  | 4.92 |  |  | 4.70 |  |  | 4.43 |  |  | 4.13 |
Total Loans | 4.25 |  |  | 4.20 |  |  | 4.08 |  |  | 4.05 |  |  | 3.97 |

The average yield of the overall total loan portfolio during the third quarter of 2019 increased compared to the average yield during the previous four quarters. In the third quarter, with the exception of residential real estate, yields on all other loan types increased in comparison to the comparable quarter in 2018 with the largest increase being in the home equity portfolio mainly because many of these loans have a variable rate tied to the prime rate.
# 57

Deposit Trends
The following tables provide information on trends in the balance and mix of the deposit portfolio by presenting, for each of the last five quarters, the quarterly average balances by deposit type and the percentage of total deposits represented by each deposit type. Savings deposits have increased each quarter from the third quarter of 2018 through the third quarter of 2019, as a result of the migration to higher yielding deposit accounts due to the previous rise in short-term market rates. The volatility in interest-bearing checking account balances was mainly the result of the decline in municipal deposits. The increase in Other Time Deposits in 2019 from the prior year was largely due to brokered deposits the Company acquired to diversify its source of funds at more favorable rates as compared to FHLBNY overnight advances.
Quarterly Average Deposit Balances
(Dollars in Thousands)

| Quarter Ended
| 9/30/2019 |  | 6/30/2019 |  | 3/31/2019 |  | 12/31/2018 |  | 9/30/2018
Noninterest-bearing deposits | $ | 490,177 |  |  | $ | 454,130 |  |  | $ | 453,668 |  |  | $ | 473,170 |  |  | $ | 483,089 |
Interest-Bearing Checking Accounts | 686,017 |  |  | 733,327 |  |  | 768,354 |  |  | 817,788 |  |  | 801,193 |
Savings Deposits | 924,868 |  |  | 879,026 |  |  | 833,832 |  |  | 793,299 |  |  | 744,808 |
Time Deposits over $250,000 | 86,018 |  |  | 97,703 |  |  | 79,346 |  |  | 76,640 |  |  | 75,888 |
Other Time Deposits | 285,448 |  |  | 272,104 |  |  | 212,785 |  |  | 186,334 |  |  | 174,731 |
Total Deposits | $ | 2,472,528 |  |  | $ | 2,436,290 |  |  | $ | 2,347,985 |  |  | $ | 2,347,231 |  |  | $ | 2,279,709 |

Percentage of Total Quarterly Average Deposits

| Quarter Ended
| 9/30/2019 |  | 6/30/2019 |  | 3/31/2019 |  | 12/31/2018 |  | 9/30/2018
Noninterest-bearing deposits | 19.8 | % |  | 18.6 | % |  | 19.3 | % |  | 20.2 | % |  | 21.2 | %
Interest-Bearing Checking Accounts | 27.7 |  |  | 30.1 |  |  | 32.7 |  |  | 34.8 |  |  | 35.1 |
Savings Deposits | 37.5 |  |  | 36.1 |  |  | 35.5 |  |  | 33.8 |  |  | 32.7 |
Time Deposits over $250,000 | 3.5 |  |  | 4.0 |  |  | 3.4 |  |  | 3.3 |  |  | 3.3 |
Other Time Deposits | 11.5 |  |  | 11.2 |  |  | 9.1 |  |  | 7.9 |  |  | 7.7 |
Total Deposits | 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | %

Quarterly Cost of Deposits

| Quarter Ended
| 9/30/2019 |  | 6/30/2019 |  | 3/31/2019 |  | 12/31/2018 |  | 9/30/2018
Demand Deposits | — | % |  | — | % |  | — | % |  | — | % |  | — | %
Interest-Bearing Checking Accounts | 0.29 |  |  | 0.25 |  |  | 0.25 |  |  | 0.22 |  |  | 0.19 |
Savings Deposits | 0.99 |  |  | 0.92 |  |  | 0.78 |  |  | 0.66 |  |  | 0.48 |
Time Deposits over $250,000 | 2.08 |  |  | 2.11 |  |  | 2.02 |  |  | 1.81 |  |  | 1.57 |
Other Time Deposits | 1.74 |  |  | 1.67 |  |  | 1.36 |  |  | 1.08 |  |  | 0.84 |
Total Deposits | 0.73 |  |  | 0.68 |  |  | 0.55 |  |  | 0.45 |  |  | 0.34 |

During the quarter ended September 30, 2019, the total cost of deposits continued to increase consistent with market rates leading into the quarter, including the cost of savings deposits and both categories of time deposits. In the third quarter, the Federal Reserve cut the targeted short-term rates on two occasions. In addition, market indicators anticipate a further decline in short-term rates through the remainder of 2019 and into 2020. The balance sheet of the Company is well positioned for a variety of rate environments, see Part I, Item 3, entitled "Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk," for further discussion.
Non-Deposit Sources of Funds
The Company's other sources of funds include securities sold under agreements to repurchase, overnight advances and term advances from the FHLBNY. The securities sold under agreements to repurchase are short-term in nature and are collateralized by investment securities. The term advances from the FHLBNY are fixed rate non-callable advances with original maturities of three to five years.
Arrow no longer relies on TRUPs as a source of new funds. As a result of the passage of Dodd-Frank in 2010 and its removal of Tier 1 regulatory capital treatment for TRUPs issued after Dodd-Frank's grandfathering date, the Company, like other banking organizations of Arrow's size or larger, have not issued any TRUPs since that date and are not likely to issue any TRUPs in the future. However, consistent with the grandfathering provision in Dodd-Frank, the $20 million principal amount of Junior Subordinated Obligations Issued to Unconsolidated Subsidiary Trusts listed on the consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2019 (i.e., previously issued TRUPs) will, subject to certain limits, continue to qualify as Tier 1 regulatory capital for Arrow until such TRUPs mature or are redeemed. This is further discussed under "Capital Resources" beginning on page 61 of this Report. These trust preferred securities are subject to early redemption by the Company if the proceeds cease to qualify as Tier 1 capital of Arrow for any reason, or if certain other unanticipated but negative events should occur. An example is any adverse change in tax laws that might deny the Company the ability to deduct interest paid on these obligations for federal income tax purposes.
# 58

ASSET QUALITY
The following table presents information related to the allowance and provision for loan losses for the past five quarters.
Summary of the Allowance and Provision for Loan Losses
(Dollars in Thousands, Loans Stated Net of Unearned Income)

| 9/30/2019 |  | 6/30/2019 |  | 3/31/2019 |  | 12/31/2018 |  | 9/30/2018
Loan Balances: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Period-End Loans | $ | 2,335,591 |  |  | $ | 2,280,308 |  |  | $ | 2,235,208 |  |  | $ | 2,196,215 |  |  | $ | 2,126,100 |
Average Loans, Year-to-Date | 2,258,633 |  |  | 2,233,094 |  |  | 2,210,642 |  |  | 2,062,575 |  |  | 2,029,597 |
Average Loans, Quarter-to-Date | 2,308,879 |  |  | 2,255,299 |  |  | 2,210,642 |  |  | 2,160,435 |  |  | 2,089,651 |
Period-End Assets | 3,112,822 |  |  | 3,005,750 |  |  | 2,984,883 |  |  | 2,988,334 |  |  | 2,953,220 |
Allowance for Loan Losses, Year-to-Date: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Allowance for Loan Losses, Beginning of Period | $ | 20,196 |  |  | $ | 20,196 |  |  | $ | 20,196 |  |  | $ | 18,586 |  |  | $ | 18,586 |
Provision for Loan Losses, YTD | 1,445 |  |  | 927 |  |  | 472 |  |  | 2,607 |  |  | 1,961 |
Loans Charged-off, YTD | (1,232 | ) |  | (830 | ) |  | (462 | ) |  | (1,532 | ) |  | (960 | )
Recoveries of Loans Previously Charged-off | 522 |  |  | 402 |  |  | 167 |  |  | 535 |  |  | 416 |
Net Charge-offs, YTD | (710 | ) |  | (428 | ) |  | (295 | ) |  | (997 | ) |  | (544 | )
Allowance for Loan Losses, End of Period | $ | 20,931 |  |  | $ | 20,695 |  |  | $ | 20,373 |  |  | $ | 20,196 |  |  | $ | 20,003 |
Allowance for Loan Losses, Quarter-to-Date: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Allowance for Loan Losses, Beginning of Period | $ | 20,695 |  |  | $ | 20,373 |  |  | $ | 20,196 |  |  | $ | 20,003 |  |  | $ | 19,640 |
Provision for Loan Losses, QTD | 518 |  |  | 455 |  |  | 472 |  |  | 646 |  |  | 586 |
Loans Charged-off, QTD | (402 | ) |  | (368 | ) |  | (462 | ) |  | (573 | ) |  | (325 | )
Recoveries of Loans Previously Charged-off | 120 |  |  | 235 |  |  | 167 |  |  | 120 |  |  | 102 |
Net Charge-offs, QTD | (282 | ) |  | (133 | ) |  | (295 | ) |  | (453 | ) |  | (223 | )
Allowance for Loan Losses, End of Period | $ | 20,931 |  |  | $ | 20,695 |  |  | $ | 20,373 |  |  | $ | 20,196 |  |  | $ | 20,003 |
Nonperforming Assets, at Period-End: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Nonaccrual Loans | $ | 3,465 |  |  | $ | 4,949 |  |  | $ | 5,143 |  |  | $ | 4,159 |  |  | $ | 4,468 |
Loans Past Due 90 or More Days and Still Accruing Interest | 1,066 |  |  | 457 |  |  | 64 |  |  | 1,225 |  |  | 1,172 |
Restructured and in Compliance with Modified Terms | 150 |  |  | 142 |  |  | 141 |  |  | 138 |  |  | 115 |
Total Nonperforming Loans | 4,681 |  |  | 5,548 |  |  | 5,348 |  |  | 5,522 |  |  | 5,755 |
Repossessed Assets | 76 |  |  | 115 |  |  | 123 |  |  | 130 |  |  | 47 |
Other Real Estate Owned | 1,198 |  |  | 1,258 |  |  | 1,322 |  |  | 1,130 |  |  | 1,173 |
Total Nonperforming Assets | $ | 5,955 |  |  | $ | 6,921 |  |  | $ | 6,793 |  |  | $ | 6,782 |  |  | $ | 6,975 |
Asset Quality Ratios: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Allowance to Nonperforming Loans | 447.15 | % |  | 373.02 | % |  | 380.95 | % |  | 365.74 | % |  | 347.58 | %
Allowance to Period-End Loans | 0.90 | % |  | 0.91 | % |  | 0.91 | % |  | 0.92 | % |  | 0.94 | %
Provision to Average Loans (Quarter) (1) | 0.09 | % |  | 0.08 | % |  | 0.09 | % |  | 0.12 | % |  | 0.11 | %
Provision to Average Loans (YTD) (1) | 0.09 | % |  | 0.08 | % |  | 0.09 | % |  | 0.13 | % |  | 0.13 | %
Net Charge-offs to Average Loans (Quarter) (1) | 0.05 | % |  | 0.02 | % |  | 0.05 | % |  | 0.08 | % |  | 0.04 | %
Net Charge-offs to Average Loans (YTD) (1) | 0.04 | % |  | 0.04 | % |  | 0.05 | % |  | 0.05 | % |  | 0.04 | %
Nonperforming Loans to Total Loans | 0.20 | % |  | 0.24 | % |  | 0.24 | % |  | 0.25 | % |  | 0.27 | %
Nonperforming Assets to Total Assets | 0.19 | % |  | 0.23 | % |  | 0.23 | % |  | 0.23 | % |  | 0.24 | %
(1) Annualized |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

Provision for Loan Losses
Through the provision for loan losses, an allowance is maintained that reflects the Company's best estimate of probable incurred loan losses related to specifically identified impaired loans as well as the inherent risk of loss related to the remaining portfolio. Loan charge-offs are recorded to this allowance when loans are deemed uncollectible, in whole or in part. As loans become past due, consideration is given to the status of those loans and whether or not to classify them as nonaccrual loans. Any loans listed as "past due 90 or more days and still accruing interest" have been evaluated and determined to be secured and is the process of collection.
In the third quarter of 2019, the Company made a $518 thousand provision for loan losses, compared to a provision of $586 thousand for the third quarter of 2018 and a provision of $455 thousand for the second quarter of 2019. The provision expense was largely driven
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by growth in outstanding loan balances. Additional items impacting the current quarter provision include changes to qualitative factors that reflect management’s view on current economic and market risks, and net charge-offs of $282 thousand. See Note 3 to the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements for a discussion on how the Company classifies credit quality indicators as well as the balance in each category.
The ratio of the allowance for loan losses to total loans was 0.90% at September 30, 2019, a decrease from 0.92% at December 31, 2018 and a decrease of 4 basis points from 0.94% at September 30, 2018.
The accounting policy relating to the allowance for loan losses is considered to be a critical accounting policy, given the uncertainty involved in evaluating the level of the allowance required to cover credit losses inherent in the loan portfolio, and the material effect that such judgments may have on the results of operations. The process for determining the provision for loan losses is described in Note 3 to the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements.
Risk Elements
Nonperforming assets at September 30, 2019 amounted to $6.0 million, down from the $6.8 million total at December 31, 2018 and a decrease of $1.0 million, from June 30, 2018. For the three-month periods ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, ratios of nonperforming assets to total assets have remained below the average ratios for the peer group. (See page 44 for a discussion of the peer group.) At June 30, 2019, the ratio of loans past due 90 or more days plus nonaccrual loans plus other real estate owned to total assets was 0.23%, well below the 0.46% ratio of the peer group at such date (the latest date for which peer group information is available). At September 30, 2019 the ratio was 0.19%, which is below the most recent ratio for the peer group.
The following table presents the balance of other non-current loans at period-end as to which interest income was being accrued (i.e. loans 30 to 89 days past due, as defined in bank regulatory guidelines). These non-current loans are not included in nonperforming assets, but entail heightened risk.

Loans Past Due 30-89 Days and Accruing Interest ($ in 000's)
| 9/30/2019 |  | 12/31/2018 |  | 9/30/2018
Commercial Loans | $ | 148 |  |  | $ | 170 |  |  | $ | 198 |
Commercial Real Estate Loans | 30 |  |  | 108 |  |  | — |
Residential Real Estate Loans | 1,000 |  |  | 2,190 |  |  | 2,663 |
Consumer Loans - Primarily Indirect Automobile | 6,804 |  |  | 7,414 |  |  | 6,863 |
Total Loans Past Due 30-89 Days and Accruing Interest | $ | 7,982 |  |  | $ | 9,882 |  |  | $ | 9,724 |

At September 30, 2019, the loans in the above-referenced category totaled $8.0 million, a decrease of $1.9 million, or 19.2%, from the $9.9 million of such loans at December 31, 2018. The September 30, 2019 total of non-current loans equaled 0.34% of loans then outstanding, compared to 0.45% at December 31, 2018 and 0.46% at September 30, 2018. The decrease from December 31, 2018 is primarily attributable to a decrease in delinquent automobile loans as well as residential real estate loans.
The number and dollar amount of performing loans that demonstrate characteristics of potential weakness from time-to-time (potential problem loans) typically is a very small percentage of the loan portfolio. See the table of Credit Quality Indicators in Note 3 to the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements. The Company considers all performing commercial and commercial real estate loans classified as substandard or lower (as reported in Note 3) to be potential problem loans. The dollar amount of such loans at September 30, 2019 was $30.6 million, down from the dollar amount of such loans at December 31, 2018, when the amount was $35.0 million. These loans will continue to be closely monitored and the Company expects to collect all payments of contractual interest and principal in full on these classified loans. Total nonperforming assets at period-end decreased by $1.0 million, or 14.6% from September 30, 2018.
The economy in the Company's market area has been relatively strong in recent years, but any general weakening of the U.S. economy in upcoming periods would likely have an adverse effect on the economy in this market area as well, and ultimately on the loan portfolio, particularly the commercial and commercial real estate portfolio.
As of September 30, 2019, the Company held for sale two commercial properties and one residential property in other real estate owned. The Company does not expect to acquire a significant number of other real estate properties in the near term as a result of payment defaults or the foreclosure process.
The Company does not currently anticipate significant increases in nonperforming assets, other non-current loans as to which interest income is still being accrued or potential problem loans, but can give no assurances in this regard.
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CAPITAL RESOURCES
Regulatory Capital Standards
Capital Adequacy Requirements. An important area of banking regulation is the federal banking system's promulgation and enforcement of minimum capitalization standards for banks and bank holding companies.
As reported in the Regulatory Reform section above, on May 24, 2018 the Economic Growth Act financial reform bill was signed into law. This new law includes provisions requiring the federal bank regulatory agencies to establish a Community Bank Leverage Ratio (CBLR) of between 8% and 10%, applicable to "qualifying community banks" that meet certain requirements to be set by those regulatory agencies. A qualifying community bank is a depository institution or bank holding company with less than $10 billion in total assets, such as Arrow, that meets other requirements to be established by the regulators.
The federal bank regulators have issued a final rule to implement the CBLR, introducing an optional simplified measure of capital adequacy for qualifying community banks that satisfy certain requirements, including having a tier 1 leverage ratio of greater than 9%, less than $10 billion in total consolidated assets, and limited amounts of off-balance-sheet exposures and trading assets and liabilities. A qualifying community bank that opts into the CBLR framework and meets all requirements under the CBLR framework will be considered to have met the well-capitalized ratio requirements under the “prompt corrective action” regulations and will not be required to report or calculate risk-based capital. The CBLR is calculated as the ratio of “tier 1 capital” divided by “average total consolidated assets.” Based on preliminary estimates, the Company’s CBLR computed in compliance with this new standard is expected to exceed this new 9% threshold. This final rule will be effective as of January 1, 2020, and qualifying community banks can utilize the CBLR framework for purposes of filing their call reports or Form FR Y-9C, as applicable, for the first quarter of 2020 (i.e., as of March 31, 2020).
Until the rules becomes effective and final, the Capital Rules promulgated under Dodd-Frank will remain applicable to Arrow.
The following is a summary of certain definitions of capital under the various capital measures in the Dodd-Frank Capital Rules:
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital (CET1): Equals the sum of common stock instruments and related surplus (net of treasury stock), retained earnings, accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI), and qualifying minority interests, minus applicable regulatory adjustments and deductions. Such deductions will include AOCI, if the organization has exercised its irrevocable option not to include AOCI in capital (the Company made such an election). Mortgage-servicing assets, deferred tax assets, and investments in financial institutions are limited to 15 percent of CET1 in the aggregate and 10 percent of CET1 for each such item individually.
Additional Tier 1 Capital: Equals the sum of noncumulative perpetual preferred stock, tier 1 minority interests, grandfathered TRUPs, and Troubled Asset Relief Program instruments, minus applicable regulatory adjustments and deductions.
Tier 2 Capital: Equals the sum of subordinated debt and preferred stock, total capital minority interests not included in Tier 1, and allowance for loan and lease losses (not exceeding 1.25% of risk-weighted assets) minus applicable regulatory adjustments and deductions.
The following table presents the minimum regulatory capital ratios applicable to the holding company and banks under the current Capital Rules:

Capital Ratio |
| 2019
Minimum CET1 Ratio | 4.500 | %
Capital Conservation Buffer ("Buffer") | 2.500 | %
Minimum CET1 Ratio Plus Buffer | 7.000 | %
Minimum Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital Ratio | 6.000 | %
Minimum Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital Ratio Plus Buffer | 8.500 | %
Minimum Total Risk-Based Capital Ratio | 8.000 | %
Minimum Total Risk-Based Capital Ratio Plus Buffer | 10.500 | %
Minimum Leverage Ratio | 4.000 | %

These minimum capital ratios, especially the CET1 ratio (4.5%) and the enhanced Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio (6.0%), represent a heightened and more restrictive capital regime than institutions like Arrow previously had to meet under the prior capital rules.
At September 30, 2019, Arrow's holding company and both of its subsidiary banks exceeded by a substantial amount each of the applicable minimum capital ratios established under the Capital Rules, including the minimum CET1 Ratio, the minimum Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital Ratio, the minimum Total Risk-Based Capital Ratio, and the minimum Leverage Ratio, including in the case of each risk-based ratio, the capital buffer.
Prompt Corrective Action Capital Classifications. Under applicable banking law, federal banking regulators are required to take prompt corrective action with respect to depository institutions that do not meet certain minimum capital requirements. For these purposes, the regulators have established five capital classifications for banking institutions, ranging from the highest category of "well-capitalized" to the lowest category of "critically under-capitalized". Under the current capital classifications, a banking institution is considered "well-capitalized" if it meets the following capitalization standards on the date of measurement: a CET1 risk-based capital ratio of 6.50% or
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greater, a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 8.00% or greater, a total risk-based capital ratio of 10.00% or greater, and a Tier 1 leverage ratio of 5.00% or greater, provided the institution is not subject to any regulatory order or written directive regarding capital maintenance. Federal banking law also ties the ability of banking organizations to engage in certain types of activities and to utilize certain procedures to such organizations' continuing to qualify for inclusion in one of the two highest rankings of these capitalization categories, i.e., as "well-capitalized" or "adequately capitalized."
Current Capital Ratios: The table below sets forth the regulatory capital ratios of Arrow's holding company and two subsidiary banks, Glens Falls National and Saratoga National, under the current Capital Rules, as of September 30, 2019:

| Common |  | Tier 1 |  | Total |  |
| Equity |  | Risk-Based |  | Risk-Based |  | Tier 1
| Tier 1 Capital |  | Capital |  | Capital |  | Leverage
| Ratio |  | Ratio |  | Ratio |  | Ratio
Arrow Financial Corporation | 12.93 | % |  | 13.85 | % |  | 14.81 | % |  | 10.04 | %
Glens Falls National Bank & Trust Co. | 13.46 | % |  | 13.47 | % |  | 14.43 | % |  | 9.56 | %
Saratoga National Bank & Trust Co. | 13.03 | % |  | 13.03 | % |  | 13.94 | % |  | 9.99 | %
FDICIA's Prompt Corrective Action - "Well-Capitalized" Standard (2019) | 6.500 | % |  | 8.000 | % |  | 10.000 | % |  | 5.000 | %
Regulatory Minimum effective 1/1/2019 | 7.000%(1) |  |  | 8.500%(1) |  |  | 10.500%(1) |  |  | 4.000 | %
(1) Including the fully phased-in 2.50% capital conservation buffer

At September 30, 2019, Arrow and its subsidiary banks exceeded the minimum regulatory capital ratios established under the current Capital Rules and each also qualified as "well-capitalized", the highest category in the new capital classification scheme established by federal bank regulatory agencies under the "prompt corrective action" standards, as described above.
Capital Components; Stock Repurchases; Dividends
Stockholders' Equity: Stockholders' equity was $292.2 million at September 30, 2019, an increase of $22.6 million, or 8.4%, from December 31, 2018. This increase was largely due to the result of net income for the period of $27.7 million; increases in book equity from various stock-based compensation and dividend reinvestment plans of $3.8 million; and other comprehensive income of $4.8 million. These increases to equity during the quarter were offset by a decrease related to cash dividends of $11.3 million and purchases of the Company's own common stock in the aggregate amount of $2.4 million under the Board-approved stock repurchase program described below.
Trust Preferred Securities: In each of 2003 and 2004, the Company issued $10 million of trust preferred securities (TRUPs) in a private placement. Under the Federal Reserve Board's regulatory capital rules then in effect, TRUPs proceeds typically qualified as Tier 1 capital for bank holding companies such as Arrow, but only in amounts up to 25% of Tier 1 capital, net of goodwill less any associated deferred tax liability. Under the Dodd-Frank Act, any trust preferred securities that Arrow might issue on or after the grandfathering date set forth in Dodd-Frank (May 19, 2010) would not qualify as Tier 1 capital under bank regulatory capital guidelines. For Arrow, TRUPs outstanding prior to the grandfathering cutoff date set forth in Dodd-Frank (May 19, 2010) would continue to qualify as Tier 1 capital until maturity or redemption, subject to limitations. Thus, Arrow's outstanding TRUPs continue to qualify as Tier 1 regulatory capital, subject to such limitations.
Stock Repurchase Program: In January 2019, the Board of Directors approved a $5.0 million stock repurchase program (the 2019 Repurchase Program), under which management is authorized, in its discretion, to permit the Company to repurchase up to $5 million of shares of Arrow's common stock over the period from January 30, 2019 through December 31, 2019, in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions, to the extent management believes the Company's stock is reasonably priced and such repurchases appear to be an attractive use of available capital and in the best interests of shareholders. This 2019 Repurchase Program replaced a similar repurchase program which was in effect during 2018 (the 2018 program), which also authorized the repurchase of up to $5.0 million of shares of Arrow's common stock. As of September 30, 2019 approximately $1.2 million had been used under the 2019 Repurchase Program to repurchase Arrow shares. This total does not include repurchases of Arrow's Common Stock other than through its 2019 Repurchase Program, i.e., repurchases of Arrow shares on the market utilizing funds accumulated under Arrow's Dividend Reinvestment Plan and the surrender or deemed surrender of Arrow stock to the Company in connection with employees' stock-for-stock exercises of compensatory stock options to buy Arrow stock.
In October 2019, the Board of Directors approved a new stock repurchase program authorizing the repurchase, at the discretion of senior management, of up to $5 million of Arrow common stock over the 12-month period starting January 1, 2020, in open market or negotiated transactions. This new repurchase program will replace the existing 2019 Repurchase Program, which expires December 31, 2019.
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Dividends: The Company's common stock is traded on NasdaqGS® under the symbol AROW. The high and low stock prices for the past seven quarters listed below represent actual sales transactions, as reported by NASDAQ. On October 30, 2019, the Board of Directors declared a 2019 fourth quarter cash dividend of $0.26 payable on December 13, 2019. Per share amounts and share counts in the following tables have been restated for the September 27, 2019 3% stock dividend.

|  |  |  |  | Cash
| Market Price |  | Dividends
| Low |  | High |  | Declared
2018 |  |  |  |  |
First Quarter | $ | 29.04 |  |  | $ | 33.53 |  |  | $ | 0.236 |
Second Quarter | 30.96 |  |  | 36.15 |  |  | 0.236 |
Third Quarter | 34.17 |  |  | 37.85 |  |  | 0.245 |
Fourth Quarter | 29.56 |  |  | 36.46 |  |  | 0.252 |
2019 |  |  |  |  |
First Quarter | $ | 29.57 |  |  | $ | 35.19 |  |  | $ | 0.252 |
Second Quarter | 30.96 |  |  | 33.93 |  |  | 0.252 |
Third Quarter | 30.26 |  |  | 35.31 |  |  | 0.252 |
Fourth Quarter (dividend payable December 13, 2019) | TBD |  |  | TBD |  |  | 0.260 |

| Quarter Ended September 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018
Cash Dividends Per Share | $ | 0.252 |  |  | $ | 0.245 |
Diluted Earnings Per Share | 0.67 |  |  | 0.62 |
Dividend Payout Ratio | 37.61 | % |  | 39.52 | %
Total Equity (in thousands) | 292,228 |  |  | $ | 264,810 |
Shares Issued and Outstanding (in thousands) | 14,969 |  |  | 14,875 |
Book Value Per Share | $ | 19.52 |  |  | $ | 17.80 |
Intangible Assets (in thousands) | 23,586 |  |  | 23,827 |
Tangible Book Value Per Share | $ | 17.95 |  |  | $ | 16.20 |

LIQUIDITY
The objective of effective liquidity management is to ensure that the Company has the ability to raise cash when needed at a reasonable cost. This includes the capability of meeting expected and unexpected obligations to the Company's customers at any time. Given the uncertain nature of customer demands and the need to maximize earnings, the Company must have available reasonably priced sources of funds, both on- and off-balance sheet, that can be accessed quickly in time of need.
The primary sources of available liquidity are overnight investments in federal funds sold, interest bearing bank balances at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, and cash flow from investment securities and loans. Certain investment securities are selected at purchase as available-for-sale based on their marketability and collateral value, as well as their yield and maturity. The securities available-for-sale portfolio was $314.2 million at September 30, 2019, a decrease of $3.4 million, from the year-end 2018 level. Due to the potential for volatility in market values, the Company may not always be able to sell securities on short notice at their carrying value, even to provide needed liquidity.
In addition to liquidity from short-term investments, investment securities and loans, the Company has supplemented available operating liquidity with additional off-balance sheet sources such as a federal funds lines of credit with correspondent banks and credit lines with the FHLBNY. The federal funds lines of credit are with three correspondent banks totaling $57 million which were not drawn on during the three months ended September 30, 2019.
To support the borrowing relationship with the FHLBNY, the Company has pledged collateral, including residential mortgage, home equity and commercial real estate loans. At September 30, 2019, the Company had outstanding collateral obligations with the FHLBNY of $148 million; as of that date, the unused borrowing capacity at the FHLBNY was approximately $577 million. Brokered deposits have also been identified as an available source of funding accessible in a relatively short time period. At September 30, 2019, the balance of outstanding brokered deposits totaled $115.1 million. Also, the Company's two bank subsidiaries have each established a borrowing facility with the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, pledging certain consumer loans as collateral for potential "discount window" advances, which are maintained for contingency liquidity purposes. At September 30, 2019, the amount available under this facility was approximately $574 million, and there were no advances then outstanding.
The Company measures and monitors basic liquidity as a ratio of liquid assets to total short-term liabilities, both with and without the availability of borrowing arrangements. Based on the level of overnight funds investments, available liquidity from the investment securities portfolio, cash flows from the loan portfolio, the stable core deposit base and the significant borrowing capacity, the Company believes that the available liquidity is sufficient to meet all funding needs that may arise in connection with any reasonably likely events or occurrences. At September 30, 2019, the basic liquidity ratio, including the FHLBNY collateralized borrowing capacity, was 18.6% of total assets, or $454 million in excess of the internally-set minimum target ratio of 4%.
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Because of its consistently favorable credit quality and strong balance sheet, the Company did not experience any significant liquidity constraints in the nine-month period ended September 30, 2019 and did not experience any such constraints in recent prior years. The Company has not at any time during such period been forced to pay above-market rates to obtain retail deposits or other funds from any source.
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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Three Months Ended September 30, 2019 Compared With
Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
Summary of Earnings Performance
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)

| Quarter Ended |  |  |  |
| 9/30/2019 |  | 9/30/2018 |  | Change |  | % Change
Net Income | $ | 10,067 |  |  | $ | 9,260 |  |  | $ | 807 |  |  | 8.7 | %
Diluted Earnings Per Share | 0.67 |  |  | 0.62 |  |  | 0.05 |  |  | 8.1 | %
Return on Average Assets | 1.32 | % |  | 1.28 | % |  | 0.04 | % |  | 3.1 | %
Return on Average Equity | 13.82 | % |  | 13.96 | % |  | (0.14 | )% |  | (1.0 | )%

Net income was $10.1 million and diluted earnings per share (EPS) of $.67 for the third quarter of 2019, compared to net income of $9.3 million and diluted EPS of $.62 for the third quarter of 2018. Return on average assets (ROA) for the third quarter of 2019 was 1.32%, up from 1.28% in the third quarter of 2018. In addition, return on average equity (ROE) decreased to 13.82% for the third quarter of 2019, down from 13.96% in the third quarter of 2018.
The following narrative discusses the quarter-to-quarter changes in net interest income, noninterest income, noninterest expense and income taxes.
Net Interest Income
Summary of Net Interest Income
(Dollars in Thousands)

| Quarter Ended |  |  |  |
| 9/30/2019 |  | 9/30/2018 |  | Change |  | % Change
Interest and Dividend Income (GAAP Basis) | $ | 27,952 |  |  | $ | 24,495 |  |  | $ | 3,457 |  |  | 14.1 | %
Tax-Equivalent Adjustment | 344 |  |  | 376 |  |  | (32 | ) |  | (8.5 | )%
Interest and Dividend Income (Tax-equivalent Basis) (2) | 28,296 |  |  | 24,871 |  |  | 3,425 |  |  | 13.8 | %
Interest Expense | 5,649 |  |  | 3,498 |  |  | 2,151 |  |  | 61.5 | %
Net Interest Income (GAAP Basis) | 22,303 |  |  | 20,997 |  |  | 1,306 |  |  | 6.2 | %
Net Interest Income (Tax-equivalent Basis) (2) | 22,647 |  |  | 21,373 |  |  | 1,274 |  |  | 6.0 | %
Average Earning Assets (1) | 2,881,035 |  |  | 2,757,020 |  |  | 124,015 |  |  | 4.5 | %
Average Interest-Bearing Liabilities | 2,213,642 |  |  | 2,110,924 |  |  | 102,718 |  |  | 4.9 | %
Yield on Earning Assets (GAAP Basis) (1) | 3.85 | % |  | 3.52 | % |  | 0.33 |  |  | 9.4 | %
Yield on Earning Assets (Tax-equivalent Basis) (1) (2) | 3.90 |  |  | 3.58 |  |  | 0.32 |  |  | 8.9 |
Cost of Interest-Bearing Liabilities | 1.01 |  |  | 0.66 |  |  | 0.35 |  |  | 53.0 |
Net Interest Spread (GAAP Basis) | 2.84 |  |  | 2.86 |  |  | (0.02 | ) |  | (0.7 | )
Net Interest Spread (Tax-equivalent Basis) (2) | 2.89 |  |  | 2.92 |  |  | (0.03 | ) |  | (1.0 | )
Net Interest Margin (GAAP Basis) | 3.07 |  |  | 3.02 |  |  | 0.05 |  |  | 1.7 |
Net Interest Margin (Tax-equivalent Basis) (2) | 3.12 |  |  | 3.08 |  |  | 0.04 |  |  | 1.3 |

(1) Includes Nonaccrual Loans.
(2) See "Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures" on page 45; reported on a fully taxable basis using a marginal federal tax rate of 21%.
Net interest income for the recently completed quarter, on a GAAP basis, increased by $1.3 million, or 6.2%, from the third quarter of 2018, due primarily to continued loan growth and improved balance sheet mix. Total loans increased $55.3 million in the third quarter of 2019. In addition, average earning assets increased 4.5% from September 30, 2018. In order to fund the consistent loan growth, total average-interest-bearing liabilities increased 4.9% from the third quarter of 2018. Net interest margin on a GAAP basis increased 5 basis points in the third quarter of 2019 to 3.07%, from 3.02% during the third quarter of 2018. Average earning asset yields were 33 basis points higher as compared to the third quarter of 2018 due primarily to the increase in market yields and the higher composition of loans as a percentage of earning assets. Yield on loans specifically increased 27 basis points from the third quarter of 2018. The cost of interest-bearing liabilities increased 35 basis points from the quarter ended September 30, 2018. The Company defines net interest margin as net interest income divided by average earning assets, annualized. The Company defines tax-equivalent net interest margin as net interest income on a tax-equivalent basis divided by average earning assets, annualized. Tax-equivalent net interest margin, as well as tax-equivalent net interest income, from which the margin is derived, are non-GAAP financial measures. (See the discussion under "Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures," on page 45, and the tabular information and notes on pages 46 through 49, regarding the Company's
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reasons for using these and other non-GAAP measures and the reconciliation thereof to comparable GAAP measures.) Further detailed information is presented above under the section entitled "Average Consolidated Balance Sheets and Net Interest Income Analysis." The impact of recent interest rate changes on Arrow's deposit and loan portfolios are discussed above in this Report under the sections entitled "Deposit Trends" and "Loan Trends."
As discussed previously under the heading "Asset Quality" beginning on page 59, the provision for loan losses for the third quarter of 2019 was $518 thousand, compared to a provision of $586 thousand for the third quarter of 2018.
Noninterest Income
Summary of Noninterest Income
(Dollars in Thousands)

| Three Months Ended |  |  |  |
| 9/30/2019 |  | 9/30/2018 |  | Change |  | % Change
Income From Fiduciary Activities | $ | 2,212 |  |  | $ | 2,262 |  |  | $ | (50 | ) |  | (2.2 | )%
Fees for Other Services to Customers | 2,623 |  |  | 2,605 |  |  | 18 |  |  | 0.7 | %
Insurance Commissions | 1,936 |  |  | 2,024 |  |  | (88 | ) |  | (4.3 | )%
Net Gain on Securities Transactions | 146 |  |  | 114 |  |  | 32 |  |  | 28.1 | %
Net Gain on the Sale of Loans | 257 |  |  | 54 |  |  | 203 |  |  | 375.9 | %
Other Operating Income | 517 |  |  | 291 |  |  | 226 |  |  | 77.7 | %
Total Noninterest Income | $ | 7,691 |  |  | $ | 7,350 |  |  | $ | 341 |  |  | 4.6 | %

Total noninterest income in the current quarter was $7.7 million, an increase of $341 thousand from the comparable quarter of 2018. Income from fiduciary activities for the third quarter of 2019 decreased by $50 thousand, or 2.2% from the third quarter of 2018. The income from fiduciary activities was fairly consistent with both the third quarter 2018 and the second quarter of 2019, which generated $2.3 million of income.
Fees for other services to customers were $2.6 million for the third quarter of 2019. In addition to service charge income on deposits, this category also includes debit card interchange income, revenue related to the sale of mutual funds to customers by third party providers, and servicing income on sold loans. Debit card usage by customers continues to grow, which has had a positive impact on debit card fee income.
Insurance commissions decreased to $1.9 million for the third quarter of 2019 compared to $2.0 million for the third quarter of 2018, due primarily to continued competitive pressure in the property, casualty and employee benefits sectors of the business.
Net security gains for the third quarter of 2019 increased $32 thousand from the comparable quarter in 2018.
Net gain on the sale of loans in the third quarter of 2019 increased by $203 thousand from the third quarter of 2018. The change was a result of favorable market conditions leading to an increase in loan sale volume. See page 57 for the discussion of loan sales.
Other operating income increased $226 thousand from the comparable quarter in 2018, primarily the result of fees received as part of interest rate swap agreements offset by disposal of fixed asset charges related to the optimization of the branch network as part of the continued efforts to improve customer experience.
Noninterest Expense
Summary of Noninterest Expense
(Dollars in Thousands)

| Quarter Ended |  |  |  |
| 9/30/2019 |  | 9/30/2018 |  | Change |  | % Change
Salaries and Employee Benefits | $ | 10,015 |  |  | 9,771 |  |  | $ | 244 |  |  | 2.5 | %
Occupancy Expense of Premises, Net | 1,324 |  |  | 1,132 |  |  | 192 |  |  | 17.0 | %
Technology and Equipment Expense | 3,305 |  |  | 2,759 |  |  | 546 |  |  | 19.8 | %
FDIC and FICO Assessments | (480 | ) |  | 218 |  |  | (698 | ) |  | (320.2 | )%
Amortization | 61 |  |  | 65 |  |  | (4 | ) |  | (6.2 | )%
Other Operating Expense | 2,566 |  |  | 2,081 |  |  | 485 |  |  | 23.3 | %
Total Noninterest Expense | $ | 16,791 |  |  | $ | 16,026 |  |  | $ | 765 |  |  | 4.8 | %
Efficiency Ratio | 55.41 | % |  | 55.79 | % |  | (0.38 | ) |  | (0.7 | )%

Noninterest expense for the third quarter of 2019 was $16.8 million, an increase of $765 thousand, or 4.8%, from the third quarter of 2018. Salaries and benefit expenses increased slightly from the comparable quarter in 2018. Occupancy expense of premises as well as technology and equipment expenses have increased from the previous year as a result of the continued efforts with ongoing projects to achieve operational efficiencies while delivering improved customer experiences and strengthening the branch network. FDIC Small Bank Assessment Credits of $687 thousand were fully recorded in the third quarter of 2019.
The efficiency ratio continues to be solid at 55.41% for the third quarter of 2019 and 55.79% for the comparable 2018 quarter. The efficiency ratio (a ratio where lower is better), is a commonly used non-GAAP financial measure in the banking industry that purports to reflect an institution's operating efficiency. The Company calculates the efficiency ratio as the ratio of noninterest expense (excluding, under the Company's definition, intangible asset amortization) to (i) net interest income (on a tax-equivalent basis) plus (ii) noninterest income (excluding net securities gains or losses). See the discussion on this non-GAAP measure on page 45 of this Report under the
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heading "Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures" and the related tabular information and notes on pages 46 through 49 of this Report. The efficiency ratio included by the Federal Reserve Board in its "Bank Holding Company Performance Reports" excludes net securities gains or losses from the denominator (as does the Company's calculation), but unlike the Company's ratio does not exclude intangible asset amortization from the numerator. The Company's efficiency ratios in recent periods have generally compared favorably to the ratios of the peer group as disclosed in the Federal Reserve Performance Reports (see page 44 for a discussion of the peer group). For the three-month period ended June 30, 2019 (the most recent reporting period for which peer group information is available), the peer group's efficiency ratio was 61.22% compared to the Company's ratio of 58.19% (not adjusted for the definitional difference).
Income Taxes
Summary of Income Taxes
(Dollars in Thousands)

| Quarter Ended |  |  |  |
| 9/30/2019 |  | 9/30/2018 |  | Change |  | % Change
Provision for Income Taxes | $ | 2,618 |  |  | $ | 2,475 |  |  | $ | 143 |  |  | 5.8 | %
Effective Tax Rate | 20.6 | % |  | 21.1 | % |  | (0.5 | ) |  | (2.4 | )%

The decrease in the effective tax rate in the first three months ended September 30, 2019 over the three months ended September 30, 2018 was primary due to the the reduction in the projected annual tax benefit related to dividends paid to the ESOP causing an increase in the third quarter 2018 effective tax rate.
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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 Compared With
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
Summary of Earnings Performance
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)

| Nine Months Ended |  |  |  |
| 9/30/2019 |  | 9/30/2018 |  | Change |  | % Change
Net Income | $ | 27,735 |  |  | $ | 27,521 |  |  | $ | 214 |  |  | 0.8 | %
Diluted Earnings Per Share | 1.85 |  |  | 1.84 |  |  | 0.01 |  |  | 0.5 |
Return on Average Assets | 1.24 | % |  | 1.30 | % |  | (0.06 | )% |  | (4.6 | )
Return on Average Equity | 13.21 | % |  | 14.32 | % |  | (1.11 | )% |  | (7.8 | )

Net income was $27.7 million and diluted earnings per share (EPS) of $1.85 for the first nine months of 2019, compared to net income of $27.5 million and diluted EPS of $1.84 for the first nine months of 2018. Return on average assets (ROA) for the first nine months of 2019 was 1.24%, a decrease from 1.30% for the first nine months of 2018. In addition, return on average equity (ROE) decreased to 13.21% for the first nine months of 2019 from 14.32% for the first nine months of 2018.
The following narrative discusses the period-to-period changes in net interest income, noninterest income, noninterest expense and income taxes.
Net Interest Income
Summary of Net Interest Income
(Taxable Equivalent Basis, Dollars in Thousands)

| Nine Months Ended |  |  |  |
| 9/30/2019 |  | 9/30/2018 |  | Change |  | % Change
Interest and Dividend Income | $ | 81,392 |  |  | $ | 70,503 |  |  | $ | 10,889 |  |  | 15.4 | %
Tax-Equivalent Adjustment | 1,093 |  |  | 1,335 |  |  | (242 | ) |  | (18.1 | )%
Interest and Dividend Income (Tax-equivalent) (2) | 82,485 |  |  | 71,838 |  |  | 10,647 |  |  | 14.8 | %
Interest Expense | 16,261 |  |  | 8,142 |  |  | 8,119 |  |  | 99.7 | %
Net Interest Income | 65,131 |  |  | 62,361 |  |  | 2,770 |  |  | 4.4 | %
Net Interest Income (Tax-equivalent) (2) | 66,224 |  |  | 63,696 |  |  | 2,528 |  |  | 4.0 | %
Average Earning Assets (1) | 2,864,816 |  |  | 2,701,001 |  |  | 163,815 |  |  | 6.1 | %
Average Interest-Bearing Liabilities | 2,224,463 |  |  | 2,087,445 |  |  | 137,018 |  |  | 6.6 | %
Yield on Earning Assets (1) | 3.80 | % |  | 3.49 | % |  | 0.31 | % |  | 8.9 | %
Yield on Earning Assets (Tax-equivalent) (1) (2) | 3.85 |  |  | 3.56 |  |  | 0.29 | % |  | 8.1 | %
Cost of Interest-Bearing Liabilities | 0.98 |  |  | 0.52 |  |  | 0.46 | % |  | 88.5 | %
Net Interest Spread | 2.82 |  |  | 2.97 |  |  | (0.15 | )% |  | (5.1 | )%
Net Interest Spread (Tax-equivalent) (2) | 2.87 |  |  | 3.04 |  |  | (0.17 | )% |  | (5.6 | )%
Net Interest Margin | 3.04 |  |  | 3.09 |  |  | (0.05 | )% |  | (1.6 | )%
Net Interest Margin (Tax-equivalent) (2) | 3.09 |  |  | 3.15 |  |  | (0.06 | )% |  | (1.9 | )%

(1) Includes Nonaccrual Loans
(2) See "Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures" on page 45; reported on a fully taxable basis using a marginal federal tax rate of 21%.
Net interest income on a GAAP basis, for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2019 increased by $2.8 million, or 4.4%, over the nine-month period ended September 30, 2018. The largest driver of the increase in net interest margin was the $209.5 million year-over-year increase in loans. For the first nine months of 2019, net interest margin decreased to 3.04% from 3.09% for the comparative period of 2018. The cost of interest-bearing liabilities to fund continued loan growth have increased to 0.98% from 0.52% for the comparable prior period due largely to the higher short-term market rates that were prevalent during the majority of the current year. The Company defines net interest margin as net interest income divided by average earning assets, annualized. The Company defines tax-equivalent net interest margin as net interest income on a tax-equivalent basis divided by average earning assets, annualized.Tax-equivalent net interest margin, as well as tax-equivalent net interest income, from which the margin is derived, are non-GAAP financial measures. (See the discussion under "Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures," on page 45, and the tabular information and notes on pages 46 through 49, regarding net interest margin and tax-equivalent net interest income, which are commonly used non-GAAP financial measures.) Further detailed information is presented above under the section entitled "Average Consolidated Balance Sheets and Net Interest Income Analysis."
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The impact of recent interest rate changes on Arrow's deposit and loan portfolios are discussed above in this Report under the sections entitled "Deposit Trends" and "Loan Trends."
As discussed previously under the heading "Asset Quality" beginning on page 59, the provision for loan losses for the first nine months of 2019 was $1.45 million, compared to a provision of $1.96 million for the 2018 period.
Noninterest Income
Summary of Noninterest Income
(Dollars in Thousands)

| Nine Months Ended |  |  |  |
| 9/30/2019 |  | 9/30/2018 |  | Change |  | % Change
Income From Fiduciary Activities | 6,571 |  |  | 7,106 |  |  | $ | (535 | ) |  | (7.5 | )%
Fees for Other Services to Customers | 7,570 |  |  | 7,555 |  |  | 15 |  |  | 0.2 |
Insurance Commissions | 5,590 |  |  | 6,119 |  |  | (529 | ) |  | (8.6 | )
Net Gain on Securities | 222 |  |  | 355 |  |  | (133 | ) |  | (37.5 | )
Net Gain on the Sale of Loans | 501 |  |  | 115 |  |  | 386 |  |  | 335.7 |
Other Operating Income | 1,020 |  |  | 900 |  |  | 120 |  |  | 13.3 |
Total Noninterest Income | $ | 21,474 |  |  | $ | 22,150 |  |  | $ | (676 | ) |  | (3.1 | )%

Total noninterest income in the first nine months of 2019 was $21.5 million, a decrease of $0.7 million, or 3.1%, from total noninterest income of $22.2 million for the first nine months of 2018. Fees for other services to customers, the largest segment of noninterest income, were $7.6 million consistent with the first nine months of 2018.
Income from fiduciary activities for the first nine months of 2019 decreased by $535 thousand, or 7.5% over the first nine months of 2018 primarily due to large estate settlements that occurred in 2018.
Insurance commissions declined 8.6% to $5.6 million for the first nine months of 2019, compared to $6.1 million in the first nine months of 2018, due primarily to the increased competition in the property, casualty and employee benefits sectors of the business.
Net gains on securities were $222 thousand in the first nine months of 2019 compared to $355 thousand for the first nine months of 2018.
Net gain on the sale of loans in the first nine months of 2019 increased by $386 thousand, or 335.7% from the first nine months of 2018. The change was a result of favorable market conditions leading to an increase in loan sale volume. See page 57 for the discussion of loan sales.
Other operating income was $1.0 million, an increase of 13.3% from the comparative nine month period of 2018. The increase is primarily the result of fees received as part of interest rate swap agreements offset by disposal of fixed asset charges related to the optimization of the branch network as part of the continued efforts to improve customer experience.
Noninterest Expense
Summary of Noninterest Expense
(Dollars in Thousands)

| Nine Months Ended |  |  |  |
| 9/30/2019 |  | 9/30/2018 |  | Change |  | % Change
Salaries and Employee Benefits | $ | 29,061 |  |  | $ | 28,952 |  |  | $ | 109 |  |  | 0.4 | %
Occupancy Expense of Premises, Net | 4,023 |  |  | 3,742 |  |  | 281 |  |  | 7.5 |
Technology and Equipment Expense | 9,689 |  |  | 8,306 |  |  | 1,383 |  |  | 16.7 |
FDIC and FICO Assessments | (56 | ) |  | 658 |  |  | (714 | ) |  | (108.5 | )
Amortization | 184 |  |  | 197 |  |  | (13 | ) |  | (6.6 | )
Other Operating Expense | 7,450 |  |  | 6,319 |  |  | 1,131 |  |  | 17.9 |
Total Noninterest Expense | $ | 50,351 |  |  | $ | 48,174 |  |  | $ | 2,177 |  |  | 4.5 |
Efficiency Ratio | 57.35 | % |  | 56.12 | % |  | 1.23 |  |  | 2.2 |

Noninterest expense for the first nine months of 2019 was $50.4 million, an increase of $2.2 million, or 4.5%, from the expense for the first nine months of 2018. Salaries and employee benefits expense increased 0.4% in the first nine months of 2019 over the 2018 period, reflecting an effort to manage open positions and control benefit costs. Pursuant to ASU 2017-07 Compensation-Retirement Benefits, Arrow has reclassified the non-service cost components of retirement plans from salaries and benefits to other operating expenses.Occupancy expense of premises have increased $281 thousand, or 7.5%, for the first nine months of 2019 in comparison to the first nine months of 2018. The increase is primarily the result of the continued focus on strengthening the branch network. Technology and Equipment Expense increased by $1.4 million, or 16.7%, as compared to the 2018 period. The increase was primarily the result of the continued commitment to ongoing projects to improve efficiency and the customer experience. FDIC Small Bank Assessment Credits of $687 thousand were fully recorded in the third quarter of 2019.
The Company's efficiency ratio was 57.35% for the first nine months of 2019 and 56.12% for the comparable 2018 period. This ratio (a ratio where lower is better), is a commonly used non-GAAP financial measure in the banking industry that purports to reflect operating efficiency. The Company calculates the efficiency ratio as the ratio of noninterest expense (excluding, under the Company's definition, intangible asset amortization) to (i) net interest income (on a tax-equivalent basis) plus (ii) noninterest income (excluding net securities
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gains or losses). See the discussion on this non-GAAP measure on page 45 of this Report under the heading "Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures" and the related tabular information and notes on pages 46 through 49 of this Report
Income Taxes
Summary of Income Taxes
(Dollars in Thousands)

| Nine Months Ended |  |  |  |
| 9/30/2019 |  | 9/30/2018 |  | Change |  | % Change
Provision for Income Taxes | $ | 7,074 |  |  | $ | 6,855 |  |  | $ | 219 |  |  | 3.2 | %
Effective Tax Rate | 20.3 | % |  | 19.9 | % |  | 0.4 |  |  | 2.0 |

The increase in the effective tax rate in the first nine months of 2019 over the first nine months of 2018 was primary due to the reduction of tax exempt investments held and the related investment income.
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Item 3.
QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
In addition to credit risk in the loan portfolio and liquidity risk, discussed earlier, the Company's business activities also generate market risk. Market risk is the possibility that changes in future market rates (interest rates) or prices (market value of financial instruments) will make the Company's position (i.e., assets and operations) less valuable. The Company's primary market risk is interest rate volatility. The ongoing monitoring and management of interest rate risk is an important component of the asset/liability management process, which is governed by policies that are reviewed and approved annually by the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors delegates responsibility for carrying out asset/liability oversight and control to management's Asset/Liability Committee ("ALCO"). In this capacity ALCO develops guidelines and strategies impacting the asset/liability profile based upon estimated market risk sensitivity, policy limits and overall market interest rate levels and trends.
Changes in market interest rates, whether increases or decreases, can trigger repricing and changes in the pace of payments for both assets and liabilities (prepayment risk). This may individually or in combination affect net interest income, net interest margin, and ultimately net income, either positively or negatively. ALCO utilizes the results of a detailed and dynamic simulation model to quantify this interest rate risk by projecting net interest income in various interest rate scenarios.
The Company's standard simulation model applies a parallel shift in interest rates, ramped over a 12-month period, to capture the impact of changing interest rates on net interest income. The results are compared to ALCO policy limits which specify a maximum tolerance level for net interest income exposure over a one-year horizon, assuming no balance sheet growth and a 200 basis point upward and a 100 basis point downward shift in interest rates. Additional tools to monitor potential longer-term interest rate risk, including periodic stress testing involving hypothetical sudden and significant interest rate spikes, are also evaluated.
The following table summarizes the percentage change in net interest income as compared to the base scenario, which assumes no change in market interest rates as generated from the standard simulation model. The results are presented for each of the first two years of the simulation period for the 200 basis point increase in interest rate scenario and the 100 basis point decrease in interest rate scenario.
As of September 30, 2019:

| Change in Interest Rate |
| + 200 basis points |  | - 100 basis points |
Calculated change in Net Interest Income - Year 1 | (2.90)% |  | 0.70% |
Calculated change in Net Interest Income - Year 2 | 0.90% |  | (3.70)% |

Historically, there has existed an inverse relationship between changes in prevailing rates and the Company's net interest income, suggesting that liabilities and sources of funds generally reprice more quickly than earning assets (near-term liability sensitivity). However, when net interest income is simulated over a longer time frame, this exposure is limited, and actually reverses, as asset yields continue to reprice while the cost of funding reaches assumed ceilings or floors (long-term asset sensitivity).
The hypothetical estimates underlying the sensitivity analysis are based upon numerous assumptions, including: the nature and timing of changes in interest rates including yield curve shape, prepayments on loans and securities, deposit decay rates, pricing decisions on loans and deposits, reinvestment/replacement of asset and liability cash flows, and others. While assumptions are developed based upon current economic and local market conditions, the Company cannot make any assurance as to the predictive nature of these assumptions including how customer preferences or competitor influences might change.
Also, as market conditions vary from those assumed in the sensitivity analysis, actual results will differ due to: prepayment/refinancing levels likely deviating from those assumed, the varying impact of interest rate changes on caps or floors on adjustable rate assets, the potential effect of changing debt service levels on customers with adjustable rate loans, depositor early withdrawals and product preference changes, unanticipated shifts in the yield curve and other internal/external variables. Furthermore, the sensitivity analysis does not reflect actions that ALCO might take in responding to or anticipating changes in interest rates.
Item 4.
CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Senior management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of Arrow's disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) as of September 30, 2019. Based upon that evaluation, senior management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, concluded that disclosure controls and procedures were effective. Further, there were no changes made in the Company's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the most recent fiscal quarter that had materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.
Legal Proceedings
The Company, including its subsidiary banks, is not currently the subject of any material pending legal proceedings, other than ordinary routine litigation occurring in the normal course of their business. On an ongoing basis, the Company is often the subject of, or a party to, various legal claims by other parties against the Company, by the Company against other parties, or involving the Company, which arise in the normal course of business. The various pending legal claims against the Company will not, in the opinion of management based upon consultation with counsel, result in any material liability.
Item 1.A.
Risk Factors
The Risk Factors identified in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, continue to represent the most significant risks to the Company's future results of operations and financial conditions, without modification or amendment. Please refer to such Risk Factors as listed in Part I, Item 1A, of the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018.
Item 2.
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities
None.
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
The following table presents information about purchases by Arrow during the three months ended September 30, 2019 of common stock (our only class of equity securities registered pursuant to Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934):

Third Quarter 2019 Calendar Month | (A) Total Number of Shares Purchased 1 |  | (B) Average Price Paid Per Share 1 |  | (C) Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs 2 |  | (D) Maximum Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs 2
July | 1,850 |  |  | $ | 33.31 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 3,932,734 |
August | 8,366 |  |  | 31.57 |  |  | 5,488 |  |  | 3,760,025 |
September | 18,286 |  |  | 32.95 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,760,025 |
Total | 28,502 |  |  | 32.57 |  |  | 5,488 |  |  |

1 The total number of shares purchased by the Company and the average price paid per share listed in columns (A) and (B) consist of (i) any shares purchased in such periods in open market or private transactions under the Arrow Financial Corporation Automatic Dividend Reinvestment Plan (the "DRIP") by the administrator of the DRIP, (ii) shares surrendered or deemed surrendered to Arrow in such periods by holders of options to acquire Arrow common stock received by them under Arrow's long-term incentive plans in connection with their stock-for-stock exercise of such options and (iii) shares purchased under the publicly-announced 2019 Repurchase Program. In the months indicated, the listed number of shares purchased included the following number of shares purchased by Arrow through such methods: July - DRIP purchases (1,850 shares); August - DRIP purchases (2,878 shares) and repurchased under the 2019 Repurchase Program (5,488 shares); and September - DRIP purchases (13,334 shares) and stock-for-stock exercises (4,952.)
2 Includes only those shares acquired by Arrow pursuant to its publicly-announced stock repurchase programs. Our only publicly-announced stock repurchase program in effect for the third quarter of 2019 was the 2019 Repurchase Program approved by the Board of Directors and announced in January 2019, under which the Board authorized management, in its discretion, to repurchase from time to time from January 30, 2019 through December 31, 2019, in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions, up to $5 million of Arrow common stock subject to certain exceptions.
Item 3.
Defaults Upon Senior Securities - None
Item 4.
Mine Safety Disclosures - None
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Item 5.
Other Information - None
Item 6.
Exhibits

Exhibit Number | Exhibit
3.(i) | Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant, as amended, incorporated by reference from the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed June 5, 2019, Exhibit 3.1
3.(ii) | By-laws of the Registrant, as amended, incorporated herein by reference from the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 24, 2009, Exhibit 3.(ii)
15 | Awareness Letter
31.1 | Certification of Chief Executive Officer under SEC Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a)
31.2 | Certification of Chief Financial Officer under SEC Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a)
32 | Certification of Chief Executive Officer under 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 and Certification of Chief Financial Officer under 18 U.S.C. Section 1350
101.INS | XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase Document
101.PRE | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
ARROW FINANCIAL CORPORATION
Registrant

November 5, 2019 | /s/Thomas J. Murphy
Date | Thomas J. Murphy, President and
| Chief Executive Officer
November 5, 2019 | /s/Edward J. Campanella
Date | Edward J. Campanella, Senior Vice President,
| Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer
| (Principal Financial Officer and
| Principal Accounting Officer)

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