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Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2026
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities  
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

Note 6: Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

The Company uses derivative financial instruments, which consist of interest rate swaps, interest rate caps, and fair value swaps to assist in its interest rate risk management. The notional amount does not represent amounts exchanged by the parties. The amount exchanged is determined by reference to the notional amount and the other terms of the individual agreements. Derivative financial instruments are reported at fair value in other assets or other liabilities. The accounting for changes in the fair value of a derivative depends on whether it has been designated and qualifies as part of a hedging relationship and classification as either a cash flow hedge or fair value hedge for those derivatives which are designated as part of a hedging relationship. For derivatives not designated as hedges, the gain or loss is recognized in current earnings.

Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments

The Company uses derivative instruments to hedge its exposure to economic risks, including interest rate, liquidity and credit risk. Certain hedging relationships are formally designated and qualify for hedge accounting under GAAP. On the date the Company enters into a derivative contract designated as a hedging instrument, the derivative is designated as either a fair value hedge or a cash flow hedge. When a derivative is designated as a fair value or cash flow hedge, the Company performs an assessment, at inception, and at a minimum, quarterly thereafter, to determine the effectiveness of the derivative in offsetting changes in the value or cash flows of the hedged item(s).

Fair value hedges: For derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as a fair value hedge, the gain or loss on the derivative instrument, as well as the offsetting gain or loss on the hedged asset or liability attributable to the hedged risk, are recognized in current earnings. The gain or loss on the derivative instrument is presented on the same income statement line item as the earnings effect of the hedged item. The Company utilizes fair value hedges to mitigate the effect of changing interest rates on the fair values of fixed rate available for sale securities. The hedging strategy converts the fixed interest rates to variable interest rates based on Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”).

As of March 31, 2026, the Company terminated certain fair value interest rate swaps with an aggregate notional amount of $195.9 million, resulting in a net gain of $10.4 million. The net gain was recognized in earnings and included in net gains on sales of available for sale securities.

The following table presents a summary of the Company’s interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedges as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025:

(dollars in thousands)

  ​ ​ ​

March 31, 2026

December 31, 2025

Notional Amount

$

45,144

$

242,314

Weighted Average Pay Rate

3.82

%  

3.55

%  

Weighted Average Receive Rate

3.66

4.20

Weighted Average Maturity (Years)

13.24

14.54

Cash flow hedges: For derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as a cash flow hedge, the aggregate fair value of the derivative instrument is recorded in other assets or other liabilities, with any gain or loss related to changes in fair value recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax. The gain or loss is reclassified into earnings in the same period during which the hedged asset or liability affects earnings and is presented in the same income statement line item as the earnings effect of the hedged asset or liability. The Company utilizes cash flow hedges to manage interest rate exposure for the brokered deposit and wholesale borrowing portfolios. During the next 12 months, the Company estimates that $4.2 million will be reclassified to interest expense, as a reduction of the expense.

The following table presents a summary of the Company’s interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025:

(dollars in thousands)

  ​ ​ ​

March 31, 2026

  ​ ​ ​

December 31, 2025

Notional Amount

$

263,000

$

263,000

Weighted Average Pay Rate

2.96

%  

2.96

%  

Weighted Average Receive Rate

3.71

%  

3.94

%  

Weighted Average Maturity (Years)

3.65

3.90

Net Unrealized Gain

$

2,326

$

1,286

The Company purchases interest rate caps, designated as cash flow hedges, of certain funding liabilities. The interest rate caps require receipt of variable amounts from the counterparties when interest rates rise above the strike price specified in the contracts. For both the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, the Company recognized amortization expense on the interest rate caps of $196,000, which was recorded as a component of interest expense on brokered deposits and FHLB advances.

The following table presents a summary of the Company’s interest rate caps designated as cash flow hedges as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025:

(dollars in thousands)

  ​ ​ ​

March 31, 2026

  ​ ​ ​

December 31, 2025

Notional Amount

$

125,000

$

125,000

Unamortized Premium Paid

3,293

3,488

Weighted Average Strike Rate

0.96

%  

0.96

%  

Weighted Average Maturity (Years)

4.10

4.34

Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments

Interest rate swaps: The Company enters into interest rate swaps to facilitate client transactions and meet their financing needs. Upon entering into these instruments, the Company enters into offsetting positions with large U.S. financial institutions in order to minimize risk to the Company. These swaps are derivatives, but are not designated as hedging instruments. Interest rate swap contracts involve the risk of dealing with counterparties and their ability to meet contractual terms. When the fair value of a derivative instrument contract is positive, this generally indicates that the counterparty or client owes the Company, and results in credit risk to the Company. When the fair value of a derivative instrument contract is negative, the Company owes the client or counterparty and therefore, the Company has no associated credit risk.

Risk participation agreements (“RPA”): The Company has entered into RPAs to share credit exposure with a counterparty in connection with interest rate swaps associated with loan participations. Under an RPA, the Company either assumes or sells a portion of the underlying credit exposure and, in exchange, pays or receives an upfront fee. When the Company assumes credit exposure, it is entitled to receive payment from the counterparty in the event of a borrower default. Conversely, when the Company sells credit exposure, it is obligated to make a payment to the counterparty if the underlying borrower defaults on its obligations. The notional amount of the RPA reflects the Company’s pro-rata share of the derivative instrument consistent with its share of the related participated loan.

The following table presents the total notional amounts and gross fair values of the Company’s derivatives as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025:

Derivative Assets

Derivative Liabilities

Notional

Estimated

Notional

Estimated

(dollars in thousands)

Amount

Fair Value

Amount

Fair Value

March 31, 2026

Designated as hedging instruments:

Fair Value hedges:

Interest rate swaps

$

$

45,144

$

137

Cash flow hedges:

Interest rate swaps

195,500

2,623

67,500

298

Interest rate caps

125,000

13,280

Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments

$

320,500

$

15,903

$

112,644

$

435

Not designated as hedging instruments:

Interest rate swaps

$

314,218

$

7,745

$

314,218

$

7,745

Risk participation agreements

12,805

34,859

11

Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments

$

327,023

$

7,745

$

349,077

$

7,756

December 31, 2025

Designated as hedging instruments:

Fair Value hedges:

Interest rate swaps

$

145,850

$

10,968

96,464

$

419

Cash flow hedges:

Interest rate swaps

185,500

2,012

77,500

725

Interest rate caps

125,000

13,221

Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments

$

456,350

$

26,201

$

173,964

$

1,144

Not designated as hedging instruments:

Interest rate swaps

$

267,831

$

8,699

$

267,831

$

8,699

Risk participation agreements

12,851

1

9,902

13

Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments

$

280,682

$

8,700

$

277,733

$

8,712

The Company is party to collateral support agreements with certain derivative counterparties. These agreements require the Company to maintain collateral based on the fair values of derivative transactions. In the event of default by the Company, the counterparty would be entitled to the collateral. As of both March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the Company had pledged no cash collateral for its derivative contracts. As of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the Company’s counterparties had pledged cash collateral to the Company of $20.0 million and $26.2 million, respectively.

The following table presents the effect of derivative instruments in cash flow hedging relationships on the consolidated statements of income for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025:

Gains (Losses)

Gains (Losses)

Recognized in

Reclassified from

(dollars in thousands)

OCI

OCI into Earnings

March 31, 2026

Cash flow hedges:

Interest rate swaps

$

(1,039)

$

468

Interest rate caps

(254)

689

March 31, 2025

Cash flow hedges:

Interest rate swaps

$

2,462

$

928

Interest rate caps

2,411

903

No amounts were reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income into net income related to hedge ineffectiveness for these derivatives during the three months ended March 31, 2026 or 2025, and no amounts are expected to be reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income into net income related to hedge ineffectiveness over the next twelve months.

The effects of the Company’s hedging relationships on the income statement during the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 are presented in the table below:

Location and Amount of Gains (Losses) Recognized in Income

Interest Income

Interest Expense

Investment

Securities -

(dollars in thousands)

Taxable

Deposits

FHLB Advances

March 31, 2026

Total amounts in the Consolidated Statements of Income

$

6,923

$

28,793

$

2,438

Fair value hedges:

Interest rate swaps

(113)

Cash flow hedges:

Interest rate swaps

34

434

Interest rate caps

347

342

March 31, 2025

Total amounts in the Consolidated Statements of Income

$

9,397

$

32,103

$

2,156

Fair value hedges:

Interest rate swaps

(3,925)

Cash flow hedges:

Interest rate swaps

102

826

Interest rate caps

903

The following table presents amounts that were recorded on the balance sheet related to cumulative basis adjustments for fair value hedges at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025:

Cumulative Fair

Value Hedging

Adjustment in the

Carrying Amount

Carrying Amount of

Notional

of Hedged Assets/

Hedged Assets/

(dollars in thousands)

Amount

Liabilities

Liabilities

March 31, 2026

Available for sale securities

$

45,144

$

45,007

$

(137)

December 31, 2025

Available for sale securities

$

242,314

$

252,863

$

10,549

The gain recognized on derivatives not designated as hedging relationships for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 was as follows:

(dollars in thousands)

Derivatives not designated

Consolidated Statements

Three Months Ended March 31, 

as hedging Instruments

of Income Location

2026

2025

Risk participation agreements

Other Income

$

11

$

The following table summarizes gross and net information about derivative instruments that were eligible for offset on the balance sheet at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025:

Net Amounts of

Gross Amounts

Gross Amounts

Assets (Liabilities)

Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Balance Sheet

of Recognized

Offset in the

Presented in the

Financial

Cash Collateral

Net Assets

(dollars in thousands)

Assets (Liabilities)

Balance Sheet

Balance Sheet

Instruments

Received (Paid)

(Liabilities)

March 31, 2026

Assets

$

23,648

$

$

23,648

$

$

19,963

$

3,685

Liabilities

 

(8,180)

 

 

(8,180)

 

 

 

(8,180)

December 31, 2025

Assets

$

34,900

$

$

34,900

$

$

26,183

$

8,717

Liabilities

(9,844)

 

 

(9,844)

 

 

 

(9,844)