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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

_________________

FORM 10-K

_________________

(Mark One) |  |

[X] | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022. |

or

[_] | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |

Commission File Number: 001-36769

_____________________

FRP HOLDINGS, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

_____________________

florida |  | 47-2449198
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
200 W. Forsyth St., 7th Floor, Jacksonville, Florida |  | 32202
(Address of principal executive offices) |  | (Zip Code)

(904) 396-5733

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class |  | Symbol |  | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $.10 par value |  | FRPH |  | NASDAQ |

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

_________________

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes [_] No [X]

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes [_] No [X]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes [X] No [_]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes [X] No [_]

1

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer [_] |  | Accelerated filer [_]
Non-accelerated filer [X] | Smaller reporting company [X]
| Emerging growth company [_]

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. [_]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. [_]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes [_] No [X]

The number of shares of the registrant’s stock outstanding as of March 17, 2023 was 9,484,970. The aggregate market value of the shares of Common Stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of June 30, 2022, the last day of business of our most recently completed second fiscal quarter, was $448,654,924. Solely for purposes of this calculation, the registrant has assumed that all directors, officers and ten percent (10%) shareholders of the Company are affiliates of the registrant.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the FRP Holdings, Inc. 2022 Annual Report to Shareholders are incorporated by reference in Parts I and II.

Portions of the FRP Holdings, Inc. Proxy Statement which will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission not later than March 31, 2023 are incorporated by reference in Part III.

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FRP HOLDINGS, INC.

FORM 10-K

FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2022

TABLE OF CONTENTS

|  |  |  | Page
|  | PART I |  |  |  |
Item 1. |  | Business |  |  | 5 |
Item 1A. |  | Risk Factors |  |  | 6 |
Item 1B. |  | Unresolved Staff Comments |  |  | 12 |
Item 2. |  | Properties |  |  | 12 |
Item 3. |  | Legal Proceedings |  |  | 16 |
Item 4. |  | Mine Safety Disclosures |  |  | 16 |
|  | PART II |  |  |  |
Item 5. |  | Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities |  |  | 17 |
Item 6. |  | [Reserved] |  |  | 17 |
Item 7. |  | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |  |  | 17 |
Item 7A. |  | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk |  |  | 18 |
Item 8. |  | Financial Statements and Supplementary Data |  |  | 18 |
Item 9. |  | Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure |  |  | 18 |
Item 9A. |  | Controls and Procedures |  |  | 18 |
Item 9B. |  | Other Information |  |  | 19 |
Item 9C. |  | Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections |  |  | 19 |
|  | PART III |  |  |  |
Item 10. |  | Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance |  |  | 20 |
Item 11. |  | Executive Compensation |  |  | 20 |
Item 12. |  | Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters |  |  | 20 |
Item 13. |  | Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence |  |  | 21 |
Item 14. |  | Principal Accounting Fees and Services |  |  | 21 |
|  | PART IV |  |  |  |
Item 15. |  | Exhibits |  |  | 21 |
Item 16. |  | Form 10-K Summary |  |  | 21 |
Signatures |  |  |  |  | 22 |

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Preliminary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.

Certain matters discussed in the report contain “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). The words or phrases “anticipate,” “estimate,” “believe,” “budget,” “continue,” “could,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “potential,” “predict,” “seek,” “should,” “will,” “would,” “expect,” “objective,” “projection,” “forecast,” “goal,” “guidance,” “outlook,” “effort,” “target” and similar expressions identify forward-looking statements. Such statements reflect management’s current views with respect to financial results related to future events and are based on assumptions and expectations that may not be realized and are inherently subject to risks and uncertainties, many of which cannot be predicted with accuracy and some of which might not even be anticipated. Future events and actual results, financial or otherwise, may differ, perhaps materially, from the results discussed in the forward-looking statements. Risk factors discussed in Item 1A of this Form 10-K and other factors that might cause differences, some of which could be material, include, but are not limited to: the impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on our operations and financial results; the possibility that we may be unable to find appropriate investment opportunities; levels of construction activity in the markets served by our mining properties; demand for flexible warehouse/office facilities in the Baltimore-Washington-Northern Virginia area; demand for apartments in Washington D.C., Richmond, Virginia and Greenville, South Carolina; our ability to obtain zoning and entitlements necessary for property development; the impact of lending and capital market conditions on our liquidity, our ability to finance projects or repay our debt; general real estate investment and development risks; vacancies in our properties; risks associated with developing and managing properties in partnership with others; competition; our ability to renew leases or re-lease spaces as leases expire; illiquidity of real estate investments; bankruptcy or defaults of tenants; the impact of restrictions imposed by our credit facility; the level and volatility of interest rates; environmental liabilities; inflation risks; cyber security risks; as well as other risks listed from time to time in our SEC filings, including but not limited to, our annual and quarterly reports. We have no obligation to revise or update any forward-looking statements, other than as imposed by law, as a result of future events or new information. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements. Additional information regarding these and other risk factors may be found in the Company’s other filings made from time to time with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

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PART I

Item 1. BUSINESS.

FRP Holdings, Inc., a Florida corporation (the “Company”) was incorporated on April 22, 2014 in connection with a corporate reorganization that preceded the Spin-off of Patriot Transportation Holding, Inc. The Company’s predecessor issuer was formed on July 20, 1998. The business of the Company is conducted through our wholly-owned subsidiaries FRP Development Corp., a Maryland corporation, and Florida Rock Properties, Inc., a Florida corporation, and the various subsidiaries and joint ventures of each.

Our Business. The Company is a holding company engaged in various real estate businesses. Our business segments are: (i) leasing and management of commercial properties owned by the Company (the “Asset Management Segment”), (ii) leasing and management of mining royalty land owned by the Company (the “Mining Royalty Lands Segment”), (iii) real property acquisition, entitlement, development and construction primarily for apartment, retail, warehouse, and office buildings either alone or through joint ventures (the “Development Segment”), (iv) ownership, leasing and management of buildings through joint ventures (the “Stabilized Joint Venture Segment”).

The Asset Management Segment owns, leases and manages in-service commercial properties wholly owned by the Company. Currently this includes seven warehouses in two business parks, an office building partially occupied by the Company, and two ground leases.

Our Mining Royalty Lands Segment owns several properties totaling approximately 16,650 acres currently under lease for mining rents or royalties and an additional 4,280 acres through our Brooksville joint venture with Vulcan Materials. Other than one location in Virginia, all of our mining properties are located in Florida and Georgia.

Our Development Segment owns and continuously monitors the highest and best use of parcels of land that are in various stages of development. The overall strategy for this segment is to convert all of our non-income producing property into income-producing property through (i) an orderly process of constructing new apartment, retail, warehouse, and office buildings to be operated by the Company or (ii) a sale to, or joint venture with, third parties. Additionally, our Development Segment will form joint ventures on new developments of land not previously owned by the Company.

The Stabilized Joint Venture Segment includes joint ventures which own, lease and manage buildings that have met our initial lease-up criteria. We intend to transfer additional joint ventures from our Development Segment into this segment as they reach stabilization. Stabilization occurs when a minimum occupancy threshold has been achieved for a certain period of time.

Competition. As a developer, we compete with numerous developers, owners and operators of real estate, many of whom own properties similar to ours in the same submarkets in which our properties are located. Price, location, rental space availability, flexibility of design and property management services are the major factors that affect competition.

Customers. In the Mining Royalty Lands Segment, we have a total of five tenants currently leasing our mining locations, and Vulcan Materials Company (“Vulcan” or “Vulcan Materials”) accounted for 23% of the Company’s consolidated revenues in 2022. An event affecting Vulcan’s ability to perform under its lease agreements could materially impact the Company’s results.

Sales and Marketing. We use national brokerage firms to assist us in marketing our vacant properties. Our hands on in-house management team focuses on tenant satisfaction during the life of the lease which we have found to be very beneficial with respect to our tenant renewal success rate over the years.

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Financial Information. Financial information is discussed by industry segment in Note 10 to the consolidated financial statements included in the accompanying 2022 Annual Report to Shareholders, which is incorporated herein by reference.

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic. We have continued operations throughout the pandemic and have made every effort to act in accordance with national, state, and local regulations and guidelines. We expect our business to be affected by the pandemic for as long as government intervention and regulation is deemed necessary to combat the threat.

Environmental Matters. The Company incurs costs from time to time to investigate and remediate environmental contamination on its real estate, in particular, in connection with our Development Segment. The Company's mining leases contain provisions under which the lessee is responsible for environmental liabilities and reclamation of mining sites at least to the extent required by law.

Human Capital. The Company employed 13 people and was provided services by three executive officers under a related party agreement at December 31, 2022. Our small but dedicated workforce has extraordinarily low turnover, and the average tenure of our employee is 13.4 years. We are committed to an inclusive and diverse culture and do not tolerate any sort of discrimination. We maintain a whistleblower hotline allowing employees to report complaints on an anonymous basis.

Company Website. The Company’s website may be accessed at www.frpdev.com. All of our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission are accessible through our website promptly after filing. This includes annual reports on Form 10-K, proxy statements, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports filed or furnished on Form 8-K and all related amendments.

Item 1A. RISK FACTORS.

Our future results may be affected by a number of factors over which we have little or no control. The following issues, uncertainties, and risks, among others, should be considered in evaluating our business and outlook. Also, note that additional risks not currently identified or known to us could also negatively impact our business or financial results.

Risks Relating to our Business

A decline in the economic conditions in Baltimore and Washington, D.C. markets could adversely affect our business.

Nearly all of our residential/mixed-use and commercial properties are located in the Baltimore area and Washington, D.C. We are, therefore, subject to increased exposure to (positive or negative) economic factors and other competitive factors specific to markets in confined geographic areas. Our operations may also be affected if too many competing properties are built in these markets. An economic downturn in these markets resulting from factors outside of our control could adversely affect our operation. Such a downturn could be triggered by such factors as the downsizing or relocation of government jobs, increased work from home opportunities, crime or acts of terrorism. We cannot be sure that these markets will continue to grow or demand the type of assets in our portfolio.

We conduct a significant portion of our operations through joint ventures, which may lead to disagreements with our joint venture partners and adversely affect our interests in the joint ventures.

We currently are a party to several joint ventures and we may enter into additional joint ventures in the future. In each of our existing joint ventures, the consent of our joint venture partner is required to take certain actions, and in some cases will share equal voting control. Our joint venture partners, as well as future partners, may have interests that are different from ours which may result in conflicting views as to the conduct of the joint ventures. In the event that we have a disagreement with a joint venture partner as to the resolution of a particular issue to come before the joint venture, or as to the conduct or management of the

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joint venture generally, we may not be able to resolve such disagreement in our favor and such a disagreement could have a material adverse effect on our interest in the joint venture or on the business of the joint venture generally.

Our business may be adversely affected by seasonal factors and harsh weather conditions.

The Mining Royalty Lands Segment and the Development Segment could be adversely affected by reduced construction and mining activity during periods of inclement weather. These factors could cause our operating results to fluctuate from quarter to quarter. An occurrence of unusually harsh or long-lasting inclement weather such as hurricanes, tornadoes and heavy snowfalls could have an adverse effect on our operations and profitability.

Our business could be negatively impacted by cyberattacks targeting our computer and telecommunications systems and infrastructure, or targeting those of our third-party service providers.

Our business, like other companies in our industry, has become increasingly dependent on digital technologies, including technologies that are managed by third-party service providers on whom we rely to help us collect, host or process information. Such technologies are integrated into our business operations. Use of the internet and other public networks for communications, services, and storage, including "cloud" computing, exposes all users (including our business) to cybersecurity risks.

While we and our third-party service providers commit resources to the design, implementation, and monitoring of our information systems, there is no guarantee that our security measures will provide absolute security. Despite these security measures, we may not be able to anticipate, detect, or prevent cyberattacks, particularly because the methodologies used by attackers change frequently or may not be recognized until launched, and because attackers are increasingly using techniques designed to circumvent controls and avoid detection. We and our third-party service providers may therefore be vulnerable to security events that are beyond our control, and we may be the target of cyber-attacks, as well as physical attacks, which could result in information security breaches and significant disruption to our business.

Our revenues depend in part on construction sector activity, which tends to be cyclical.

Our Mining Royalty Lands Segment revenues are derived from royalties on construction aggregates mined on our properties. Thus, our results depend in part on residential, commercial and infrastructure construction activity and spending levels. The construction industry in our markets tends to be cyclical. Construction activity and spending levels vary across our markets and are influenced by interest rates, inflation, consumer spending habits, demographic shifts, environmental laws and regulations, employment levels and the availability of funds for public infrastructure projects. Economic downturns may lead to recessions in the construction industry, either in individual markets or nationally.

Our operations are subject to various environmental laws and regulations, the violation of which could result in substantial fines or penalties.

Liability for environmental contamination on real property owned by the Company may include the following costs, without limitation: investigation and feasibility study costs, remediation costs, litigation costs, oversight costs, monitoring costs, institutional control costs, penalties from state and federal agencies and third-party claims. These costs could be substantial and in extreme cases could exceed the value of the contaminated property. Moreover, on-site operations may be suspended until certain environmental contamination is remediated and/or permits are received, and governmental agencies can impose permanent restrictions on the manner in which a property may be used depending on the extent and nature of the contamination. This may result in a breach of the terms of the lease entered into with our tenants. Governmental agencies also may create liens on contaminated sites for damages it incurred to address such contamination. In addition, the presence of hazardous substances at, on, under or from a property may adversely affect our ability to sell the property or borrow funds using the property as collateral, thus harming our financial condition.

The presence of contaminated material at our Riverfront on the Anacostia development site will subject

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us to substantial environmental liability and costs as construction proceeds.

With respect to Phases III and IV of the Riverfront on the Anacostia site in Washington, D.C., preliminary environmental testing has indicated the presence of contaminated material that will have to be specially handled in excavation in conjunction with construction. While we have recovered partial reimbursement for these costs from neighboring property owners, we still expect to incur significant environmental costs in connection with construction.

The Company has no obligation to remediate this contamination on Phases III and IV of the development until such time as it makes a commitment to commence construction on each phase. The Company's actual expense to address this issue may be materially higher or lower than the expense previously recorded depending upon the actual costs incurred.

Our operations could be adversely affected by climate change and climate change regulations.

Climate change presents an array of risks to real estate companies due to sea level rise, flooding, extreme weather, stronger storms and human migration. [We have accounted for the risk of flooding and sea level rise in the design of our Riverfront on the Anacostia development.] Future developments, including potential “second life” uses of our mining properties, could be impacted by these factors and the impacts that they have on human behavior.

Uninsured losses could significantly reduce our earnings.

We self-insure for a portion of our claims exposure resulting from workers’ compensation, auto liability, general liability and employees’ health insurance. We also are responsible for our legal expenses relating to such claims. We maintain insurance above the amounts for which we self-insure with licensed insurance carriers. Although we believe the aggregate insurance limits should be sufficient to cover reasonably expected claims, it is possible that one or more claims could exceed our aggregate coverage limits. Additionally, there are certain losses, such as losses from hurricanes, terrorism, wars or earthquakes, where insurance is limited or not economically justifiable. If the Company experiences an uninsured loss of real property, we could lose both the invested capital and anticipated revenues associated with such property. We accrue currently for estimated incurred losses and expenses and periodically evaluate and adjust our claims’ accrued liability to reflect our experience. However, ultimate results may differ from our estimates, which could result in losses greater than accrued amounts.

We may be unable to renew leases or re-lease properties as leases expire.

When a lease expires, a tenant may elect not to renew it. If that occurs, we may not be able to lease the property on similar terms. The terms of renewal or re-lease (including the cost of required renovations and concessions to tenants) may be less favorable than the prior lease. If we are unable to lease all or substantially all of our properties, or if the rental rates upon such re-leasing are significantly lower than expected rates, our cash generated before debt repayments and capital expenditures may be adversely affected.

We may be unable to lease currently vacant properties.

If we are unable to obtain leases sufficient to cover carrying costs, then our cash flows may be adversely affected.

The bankruptcy or insolvency of significant tenants with long-term leases may adversely affect income produced by our properties.

Should tenants default on their obligations, our cash flow would be adversely affected, and we may not be able to find another tenant to occupy the space under similar terms or may have to make expenditures to retrofit or divide the space. Additionally, we may have to incur a non-cash expense for a significant amount of deferred rent revenue generated from the accounting requirement to straight-line rental revenues. The bankruptcy or insolvency of a major tenant may also adversely affect the income produced by a property. If

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any of our tenants become a debtor in a case under the U.S. Bankruptcy Code, we cannot evict that tenant solely because of its bankruptcy. The bankruptcy court may authorize the tenant to reject and terminate its lease with the Company. Our claim against such a tenant for unpaid future rent would be subject to a statutory limitation that may be substantially less than the remaining rent actually owed to us under the tenant’s lease. Any shortfall in rent payments could adversely affect our cash flow.

Our inability to obtain necessary approvals for property development could adversely affect our profitability.

We may be unable to obtain, or incur delays in obtaining, necessary zoning, land-use, building, occupancy and other required governmental permits and authorizations, which could result in increased costs or abandonment of certain projects. Before we can develop a property, we must obtain a variety of approvals from local and state governments with respect to such matters as zoning, density, parking, subdivision, site planning and environmental issues. Legislation could impose moratoriums on new real estate development or land-use conversions from mining to development. These factors may reduce our profit or growth and may limit the value of these properties.

Real estate investments are not as liquid as other types of assets.

The illiquid nature of real estate investments may limit our ability to react promptly to changes in economic or other conditions. In addition, significant expenditures associated with real estate investments, such as mortgage payments, real estate taxes and maintenance costs, are generally not reduced when circumstances cause a reduction in income from the investments. Thus, the illiquid nature of our real estate investments could adversely affect our profitability under certain economic conditions.

Our debt service obligations may have adverse consequences on our business operations.

We use debt to finance our operations, including acquisitions of properties. As of December 31, 2022, we had outstanding non-recourse mortgage indebtedness of $180,070,000, secured by developed real estate properties having a carrying value of $254,856,000. Our use of debt may have adverse consequences, including the following:

| · | Our cash flows from operations may not be sufficient to meet required payments of principal and interest.

| · | We may be forced to dispose of one or more of our properties, possibly on disadvantageous terms, to make payments on our debt.

| · | We may default on our debt obligations, and the lenders may foreclose on our properties that collateralize those loans.

| · | A foreclosure on one of our properties could create taxable income without any accompanying cash proceeds to pay the tax.

| · | We may not be able to refinance or extend our existing debt.

| · | The terms of any refinancing or extension may not be as favorable as the terms of our existing debt.

| · | We may not be able to issue debt on unencumbered properties under reasonable terms to finance growth of our portfolio of properties.

| · | We may be subject to a significant increase in the variable interest rates on our unsecured and secured lines of credit, which could adversely impact our operations.

| · | Our debt agreements have yield maintenance requirements that result in a penalty if we prepay loans.

Our uncollateralized revolving credit agreement restricts our ability to engage in some business activities.

Our uncollateralized revolving credit agreement contains customary negative covenants and other financial and operating covenants that, among other things:

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| · | restricts our ability to incur certain additional indebtedness;

| · | restricts our ability to make certain investments;

| · | restricts our ability to merge with another company;

| · | restricts our ability to pay dividends;

| · | requires us to maintain financial coverage ratios; and

| · | requires us to not encumber certain assets except as approved by the lenders.

These restrictions could cause us to default on our unsecured line of credit or negatively affect our operations.

The replacement of LIBOR with an alternative reference rate may adversely affect interest expense related to outstanding debt and our financial results.

The United Kingdom’s Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) has announced that it would phase out LIBOR as a benchmark by June 30, 2023. We will need to agree upon a replacement index with our lenders, which would require an amendment to our borrowing arrangements that use LIBOR as a factor in determining the interest rate (including our credit agreement with Wells Fargo), and the interest rate thereunder will likely change.

The U.S. Federal Reserve, in conjunction with the Alternative Reference Rates Committee, a steering committee comprised of large U.S. financial institutions, is considering replacing U.S. dollar LIBOR with a new index, the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR), calculated using short-term repurchase agreements backed by Treasury securities. Whether or not SOFR, or another alternative reference rate, attains market traction as a LIBOR replacement tool remains in question.

The transition to an alternative rate will require careful and deliberate consideration and implementation so as to not disrupt the stability of financial markets. There is no guarantee that a transition from LIBOR to an alternative will not result in financial market disruptions, significant increases in benchmark rates, or borrowing costs to borrowers, any of which could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. Furthermore, any changes announced by the FCA, U.S. Federal Reserve, or other regulators in the method pursuant to which the reference rates are determined may result in a sudden or prolonged increase or decrease in the reported reference rates, which could have an adverse effect on our interest payments and our results of operations and financial condition.

Fluctuations in value of our U.S. Treasury debt investments.

As of December 31, 2022, the Company had total investments of $161,585,000 in U.S. Treasury Notes which mature in late 2023. The Company measures the fair value of these investments on a quarterly basis and recognizes the unrealized gain or loss in its comprehensive income. As a result, the Company’s comprehensive income will be impacted by factors outside our control such as fluctuations in interest rates that impact the value of our investment portfolio. The Company could incur losses should it sell the Notes prior to maturity.

Our Asset Management and Development Segments face competition from numerous sources.

As a developer of apartments, retail, flexible warehouse and office space, we compete with numerous developers, owners and operators of real estate, many of whom own properties similar to ours in the same submarkets in which our properties are located. If our competitors offer space at rental rates below current market rates, or below the rental rates we currently charge our tenants, we may lose potential tenants and we may be pressured to reduce our rental rates to an amount lower than we currently charge in order to retain tenants when our tenants’ leases expire. As a result, our financial condition, results of operations, cash flow and ability to satisfy our debt service obligations could be materially adversely affected.

Construction costs may be higher than anticipated.

Our long-term business plan includes a number of construction projects. The construction costs of these

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projects may exceed original estimates and possibly make the completion of a property uneconomical. Building material commodity shortages, supply chain disruptions, construction delays or stoppages or rapidly escalating construction costs may out-pace market rents, which would adversely affect our profits. The market environment and existing lease commitments may not allow us to raise rents to cover these higher costs.

Risks Relating to our Common Stock

Certain shareholders have effective control of a significant percentage of FRP's common stock and would have significant influence on the outcome of any shareholder vote.

As of December 31, 2022, our Chief Executive Officer, John D. Baker, II beneficially owned approximately 15.7% of the outstanding shares of our common stock (79.9% of which are held in trusts under which voting power is shared with other family members) and members of his family who are (i) officers or directors of the company, (ii) required to report their beneficial ownership on Schedule 13D or Schedule 13G, or (iii) are members of his immediate family beneficially own, collectively, an additional 22% of the outstanding shares of our common stock. As a result, these individuals effectively may have the ability to direct the election of all members of our board of directors and to exercise a controlling influence over its business and affairs, including any determinations with respect to mergers or other business combinations involving the Company, its acquisition or disposition of assets, its borrowing of monies, its issuance of any additional securities, its repurchase of common stock and its payment of dividends.

Provisions in our articles of incorporation and bylaws and certain provisions of Florida law could delay or prevent a change in control of FRP.

The existence of some provisions of our articles of incorporation and bylaws and Florida law could discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of FRP that a shareholder may consider favorable. These include provisions:

- providing that directors may be removed by our shareholders only for cause;

- authorizing a large number of shares of stock that are not yet issued, which would allow FRP’s board of directors to issue shares to persons friendly to current management, thereby protecting the continuity of its management, or which could be used to dilute the stock ownership of persons seeking to obtain control of FRP;

- prohibiting shareholders from calling special meetings of shareholders or taking action by written consent; and

- imposing advance notice requirements for nominations of candidates for election to our board of directors at the annual shareholder meetings.

These provisions apply even if a takeover offer may be considered beneficial by some shareholders and could delay or prevent an acquisition that our board of directors determines is not in the Company’s or the shareholders’ best interests.

FRP may issue preferred stock with terms that could dilute the voting power or reduce the value of our common stock.

Our articles of incorporation authorize us to issue, without the approval of our shareholders, one or more classes or series of preferred stock having such designations, powers, preferences and relative, participating, optional and other rights, and such qualifications, limitations or restrictions as our board of directors generally may determine. The terms of one or more classes or series of preferred stock could dilute the voting power or reduce the value of FRP's common stock. For example, FRP could grant holders of preferred stock the right to elect some number of its directors in all events or on the happening of specified events or the right to veto specified transactions. Similarly, the repurchase or redemption rights or dividend, distribution or liquidation

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preferences FRP could assign to holders of preferred stock could affect the residual value of the common stock.

Institutional investor focus on environmental, social and governance issues may impact our stock price.

Many large institutional investors focus on sustainability in managing investment risks, portfolio design and dealing with companies in which they invest. This focus extends to climate change and the plan for transitioning to a net-zero economy, diversity and inclusion and other human resource matters, and social and governance issues and corporate social responsibility. While we are proud of the returns to shareholders and our sustainable practices in construction and environmental management, we recognize our responsibility to focus on these key issues that impact our long-term sustainability. Our failure to demonstrate this commitment could dissuade institutional investors from holding our stock, which would result in downward pressure on our stock price.

Item 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS.

None.

Item 2. PROPERTIES.

The Company owns (predominately in fee simple but also through ownership of interests in joint ventures) approximately 21,000 acres of land in Florida, Georgia, Maryland, Virginia, South Carolina, and the District of Columbia. This land is generally held by the Company in four distinct segments: (i) Asset Management Segment (land owned and operated as income producing rental properties in the form of commercial properties), (ii) Mining Royalty Lands Segment (land owned and leased to mining companies for royalties or rents), (iii) Development Segment (land owned and held for investment to be further developed for future income production or sales to third parties), and (iv) Stabilized Joint Venture Segment (ownership, leasing and management of buildings through joint ventures).

Asset Management Segment. As of December 31, 2022, the Asset Management Segment includes eight buildings at four commercial properties owned by the Company in fee simple as follows:

1) 34 Loveton Circle in suburban Baltimore County, Maryland consists of one office building totaling 33,708 square feet which is 95.1% occupied (16% of the space is occupied by the Company for use as our Baltimore headquarters). The property is subject to commercial leases with various tenants.

2) 155 E. 21st Street in Duval County, Florida was an office building property that remains under lease through March 2026. We permitted the tenant to demolish all structures on the property during 2018.

3) Cranberry Run Business Park in Hartford County, Maryland consists of five office buildings totaling 267,737 square feet which are 100% leased and occupied. The property is subject to commercial leases with various tenants.

4) Hollander 95 Business Park in Baltimore City, Maryland consists of two buildings totaling 145,590 square feet that were completed in the fourth quarter of 2021 and are 100.0% leased and 45.4% occupied

Mining Royalty Lands Segment.

Introduction.

Pursuant to amendments to Regulation S-K of the Securities Act of 1933 (“Regulation S-K”) adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission in 2018, effective for fiscal years beginning on or after January 1, 2021, registrants with material mining operations must disclose certain information in their Securities and Exchange

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Act filings concerning mineral resources and mineral reserves, in accordance with to Subpart 1300 of Regulation S-K. This section of Item 2 provides summary information about our overall portfolio of mining royalty properties.

Our mining leases do not require tenants to furnish technical report summaries that meet the requirements of Rule 1302, and the Company does not otherwise have access to the technical data required to determine precise amounts of each class of mineral resource or probable or proven resources. In accordance with Rule 1303(a)(3), the Company is providing all required information in its possession or which it can obtain without incurring an unreasonable burden or expense.

The Company periodically engages consultants to examine reserve estimates and geological studies conducted by tenants and their industry professionals.

Locations. The following map presents the locations of the Company’s mining properties, which are discussed by segment (as reported in the Company’s financial statements) below:

Mining Properties. The Company owns a fee simple interest in 14 open pit aggregates quarries located in Florida, Georgia and Virginia, which comprise approximately 16,650 total acres. The Company’s quarries are subject to mining leases with various tenants, including Vulcan Materials, Martin Marietta, Cemex, Argos, and The Concrete Company. Aggregates consist of crushed stone, sand, gravel, fill dirt, limestone and calcium and are used primarily in construction applications.

Nine of the Company’s quarries (located in Grandin, FL, Fort Myers, FL, Keuka, FL, Newberry, FL, Astatula, FL, Columbus, GA, Macon, GA, Tyrone, GA, and Manassas, VA; totaling 13,876 acres) are currently being mined, and five of the Company’s quarries (located in Marion County, FL, Lake Louisa, FL, Astatula, FL and Lake Sand, FL and Forest Park, GA; totaling 2,778 acres) are leased but are not currently being mined. Our

13

typical mining lease requires the tenant to pay the Company a royalty based on the number of tons of mined materials sold from our mining property during a given fiscal year multiplied by a percentage of the average annual sales price per ton sold. In certain locations, typically where the reserves on the property have been depleted but the tenant still has a need for the leased land, we collect a minimum annual rental amount. In the fiscal years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, aggregate tons sold with respect to the Company’s mining properties were approximately 9,525,000, 7,575,000 and 8,206,000, respectively.

In May 2014, the Company entered into an amendment to our lease with Vulcan for our Fort Myers location requiring that the mining be accelerated and that the mining plan be conformed to accommodate the future construction of up to 105 residential dwelling units around the mined lakes. In return, the Company granted Lee County an option to purchase a right of way for a connector road that would benefit the residential area on our property and to place a conservation easement on part of the property, which the County exercised in 2020. Mining activity commenced in 2017 following Lee County’s issuance of a mine operating permit allowing Vulcan to begin production.

In November 2017, Lake County commissioners voted to approve a permit to Cemex to mine the Company’s land in Lake Louisa, Florida. The county issued the permit in July 2019. Cemex expects to begin mining after completing the work necessary to prepare this site to become an active sand mine.

Brooksville Joint Venture. Additionally, through a joint venture with Vulcan Materials, the Company owns a 50% interest in 4,280 acres of mixed-use property in Brooksville, Florida, a portion of which comprises a ground calcium mine that is mined by Vulcan Materials. The Company entered into the joint venture in 2006 for the purpose of jointly owning and developing the land as a mixed-use community. In April 2011, the Florida Department of Community Affairs issued its final order approving the development of the project consisting of 5,800 residential dwelling units and over 600,000 square feet of commercial and 850,000 of light industrial uses. Zoning for the project was approved by the County in August 2012. Vulcan Materials still mines on the property and the Company receives 100% of the royalty on all tons sold at the Brooksville property. In the fiscal years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, aggregate tons sold were approximately 244,000, 280,000 and 285,000, respectively.

Other Properties. The Company also owns an additional 36 acres of investment property in Brooksville, Florida.

Development Segment – Warehouse/Office Land.

At December 31, 2022, this segment owned the following future development parcels:

| 1) | Six acres of horizontally developed land at Hollander Business Park in Baltimore City, Maryland with one 101,750 square feet industrial build-to-suit awaiting final certificate of occupancy.

| 2) | 54 acres of land that will be capable of supporting over 690,000 square feet of industrial product located at 1001 Old Philadelphia Road in Aberdeen, Maryland.

| 3) | 17 acres of land in Harford County, Maryland that can accommodate 259,000 square feet of industrial development.

| 4) | 170 acres of land in Cecil County, Maryland that can accommodate 900,000 square feet of industrial development.

Development Segment – Land Held for Investment or Sale.

At December 31, 2022, this segment was invested in the following development parcels:

| 1) | Riverfront on the Anacostia: The Riverfront on the Anacostia property is a 5.8-acre parcel of real estate in Washington, D.C. that fronts the Anacostia River and is adjacent to the Washington Nationals Baseball Park. A revised Planned Unit Development (PUD) plan was approved in 2012 and permits the Company to develop, in four phases, a four-building, mixed-use project, containing approximately 1,161,050 square feet. The approved development includes numerous publicly

14

accessible open spaces and a waterfront esplanade along the Anacostia River. The first phase (now known as Dock 79), which was completed through a joint venture with MRP Realty, and which consisted of a single building with residential and retail uses, became our fourth business segment in July 2017, now known as the Stabilized Joint Venture Segment. The second phase (now known as The Maren), also completed through a joint venture with MRP Realty and consists of a single building with residential and retail uses, was added to the Stabilized Joint Venture Segment effective March 31, 2021. The final two phases, Phase 3 and Phase 4 remain under a first-stage PUD approval expiring April 5, 2023, permitting 500,000 square feet of development.

| 2) | Hampstead Trade Center: The Hampstead Trade Center property in Hampstead, Carroll County, Maryland is a 118-acre parcel located adjacent to the State Route 30 bypass. The parcel was previously zoned for industrial use, but our request for rezoning for residential use was approved in December 2018. Management believes this to be a higher and better use of the property. We are fully engaged in the formal process of seeking PUD entitlements for this tract, which is now known as “Hampstead Overlook”.

| 3) | Bryant Street: On December 24, 2018 the Company and MRP Realty formed four partnerships to purchase and develop approximately five acres of land at 500 Rhode Island Ave NE, Washington, D.C. This property is the first phase of the Bryant Street Master Plan. The property is located in an Opportunity Zone, which provides tax benefits in the new communities development program as established by Congress in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017. This first phase is a mixed-use development which supports 487 residential units and 91,661 square feet of first floor and stand-alone retail on approximately five acres of the roughly 12-acre site. Construction is complete and leasing efforts are under way.

| 4) | The Verge: On December 20, 2019 the Company and MRP formed a joint venture to acquire and develop a mixed-use project located at 1800 Half Street, Washington, D.C. This property is located in the Buzzard Point area of Washington, DC, less than half a mile downriver from Dock 79 and The Maren. It lies directly between our two acres on the Anacostia currently under lease by Vulcan and Audi Field, the home stadium of the DC United. The project is located in an Opportunity Zone, which provides tax benefits in the new communities’ development program as established by Congress in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017. The eleven-story structure has 344 apartments and 8,536 square feet of ground floor retail. Construction is complete and leasing is under way.

| 5) | Square 664E: The Company’s Square 664E property is approximately two acres situated on the Anacostia River at the base of South Capitol Street less than half a mile down river from our Riverfront on the Anacostia property. This property is currently under lease to Vulcan Materials for use as a concrete batch plant through 2026. In March 2017, reconstruction of the bulkhead was completed at a cost of $4.2 million in anticipation of future high-rise development.

| 6) | .408 Jackson: In December 2019, the Company entered into a joint venture with a new partner, Woodfield Development, for the acquisition and development of a mixed-use project known as “.408 Jackson” in Greenville, South Carolina. Woodfield specializes in Class-A multi-family, mixed-use developments primarily in the Carolinas and DC. The project is located across the street from Greenville’s minor league baseball stadium and holds 227 multi-family units and 4,539 square feet of retail space. It is located in an Opportunity Zone, which provides tax benefits in the new communities’ development program as established by Congress in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017. The temporary certificate of occupancy was received in December 2022. Leasing began in the fourth quarter of 2022 with residential units 21.6% leased and 4.9% occupied at quarter end. Retail at this location is 100%. The Company owns 40% of the development.

| 7) | Windlass Run: In March 2016, the Company entered into an agreement with St. Johns Properties Inc., a Baltimore development company, to jointly develop the remaining lands of our Windlass Run Business Park, located in Middle River, Maryland, into a multi-building business park consisting of approximately 329,000 square feet of single-story office space. The project will take place in several phases, with construction of the first phase, which includes two office buildings and two retail

15

buildings totaling 100,030-square-feet (inclusive of 27,950 retail), commenced in the fourth quarter of 2017 and was completed in January 2019. At December 31, 2022 Phase I was 50.7% leased and 48.0% occupied, the subsequent phases will follow as each phase is stabilized.

| 8) | Estero: In August 2022, the Company invested $3.6 million for a minority interest in a joint venture with Woodfield Development to purchase and develop 46 acres in Estero, FL into a mixed-use project with 554 multifamily units, 72,000 square feet of commercial space, 41,000 square feet of office space and a boutique 170-key hotel. While the joint venture attempts to rezone the property, the Company will receive a preferred return of 8% with an option to roll its investment into equity in the vertical development or exit at that point.

Stabilized Joint Venture Segment.

At December 31, 2022, this segment was invested in the following stabilized joint ventures:

| 1) | Dock 79: Dock 79 (Phase I of the Riverfront on the Anacostia development) is a 305-unit residential apartment building with approximately 14,430 square feet of first floor retail space. The property is situated on approximately 2.1 acres of land located on Potomac Avenue in Washington, DC, across the street from the Nationals Park.

| 2) | The Maren: The Maren (Phase II of the Riverfront on the Anacostia development) is a 264-unit residential apartment building with 6,758 square feet of retail space.

| 3) | Riverside: Riverside Joint Venture in Greenville South Carolina is a joint venture with Woodfield Development which includes a 200-unit residential apartment building. The Company owns 40% of the venture.

Item 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.

None.

Item 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES.

None.

16

PART II

Item 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES.

There were approximately 327 holders of record of FRP Holdings, Inc. common stock, $.10 par value, as of December 31, 2022. The Company's common stock is traded on the Nasdaq Stock Market (Symbol FRPH).

Price Range of Common Stock. Information concerning stock prices is included under the caption "Quarterly Results" on page 9 of the Company's 2022 Annual Report to Shareholders, and such information is incorporated herein by reference.

Dividends. The Company has not paid a cash dividend in the past and it is the present policy of the Board of Directors not to pay cash dividends. Information concerning restrictions on the payment of cash dividends is included in Note 4 to the consolidated financial statements included in the accompanying 2022 Annual Report to Shareholders, and such information is incorporated herein by reference.

Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans. Information regarding securities authorized for issuance under equity compensation plans is included in Item 12 of Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and such information is incorporated herein by reference.

Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers

|  |  |  |  |  | Total |  |
|  |  |  |  |  | Number of |  |
|  |  |  |  |  | Shares |  |
|  |  |  |  |  | Purchased |  | Approximate
|  |  |  |  |  | As Part of |  | Dollar Value of
|  | Total |  |  |  | Publicly |  | Shares that May
|  | Number of |  | Average |  | Announced |  | Yet Be Purchased
|  | Shares |  | Price Paid |  | Plans or |  | Under the Plans
Period |  | Purchased |  | per Share |  | Programs |  | or Programs (1)
| October 1 through October 31 |  |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 9,363,000 |
| November 1 through November 30 |  |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 9,363,000 |
| December 1 through December 31 |  |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 9,363,000 |
| Total |  |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |

(1) On February 4, 2015, the Board of Directors authorized management to expend up to $5,000,000 to repurchase shares of the Company’s common stock from time to time as opportunities arise. On December 5, 2018, the Board of Directors approved a $10,000,000 increase in the Company’s stock repurchase authorization. On August 5, 2019, the Board of Directors approved a $10,000,000 increase in the Company’s stock repurchase authorization. On May 6, 2020, the Board of Directors approved a $10,000,000 increase in the Company’s stock repurchase authorization. On August 26, 2020, the Board of Directors approved a $10,000,000 increase in the Company’s stock repurchase authorization.

Item 6. [RESERVED]

Item 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATION.

Information required in response to Item 7 is included under the caption "Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation" on pages 10 through 21 of the Company’s 2022 Annual Report to Shareholders, and such information is incorporated herein by reference.

17

Item 7.A QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.

Interest Rate Risk - We are exposed to the impact of interest rate changes through our variable-rate borrowings under our Credit Agreement with Wells Fargo.

Under the Wells Fargo Credit Agreement, the applicable margin for borrowings at December 31, 2022 was Daily 1-Month LIBOR plus 1.0%. The applicable margin for such borrowings will be increased in the event that our debt to capitalization ratio as calculated under the Wells Fargo Credit Agreement Facility exceeds a target level.

The Company did not have any variable rate debt outstanding at December 31, 2022, so a sensitivity analysis was not performed to determine the impact of hypothetical changes in interest rates on the Company’s results of operations and cash flows.

For our debt instruments with variable interest rates, changes in interest rates affect the amount of interest expense incurred. The following table presents the principal cash flow payments associated with our outstanding debt by year, weighted average interest rates on debt outstanding each year-end, and fair value of total debt as of December 31, 2022 (dollars in thousands):

| 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2026 |  | 2027 |  | Thereafter |  | Total |  | Fair Value
Fixed rate debt | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 180,070 |  |  | $ | 180,070 |  |  | $ | 142,785 |
Average interest for fixed rate debt |  | 3.03 | % |  |  | 3.03 | % |  |  | 3.03 | % |  |  | 3.03 | % |  |  | 3.03 | % |  |  | 3.03 | % |  |  | 3.03 | % |  |  |  |

Item 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA.

Information required in response to this Item 8 is included under the caption "Quarterly Results" on page 9 and on pages 22 through 41 of the Company's 2022 Annual Report to Shareholders. Such information is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE.

None.

Item 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.

CONCLUSION REGARDING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF DISCLOSURE CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer, principal financial officer and chief accounting officer, we conducted an evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as such terms are defined under Rule 13a-15(e) promulgated under the Exchange Act. Based on this evaluation, our principal executive officer, our principal financial officer and our principal accounting officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report.

MANAGEMENT’S REPORT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f). Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer, principal financial officer and principal accounting officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over

18

financial reporting based on the framework in the Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Based on our evaluation under the framework in the Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013), our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2022.

This Annual Report does not include an attestation report of our Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm, Hancock Askew & Co., LLP, regarding internal control over financial reporting. Management’s report was not subject to attestation by our Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm pursuant to rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission that permit the Company to provide only management’s report in this Annual Report.

CHANGE IN INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING

During the fourth quarter of 2022, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

INHERENT LIMITATIONS OVER INTERNAL CONTROLS

Our internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of consolidated financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Our internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that:

| i. | pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of our assets;

| ii. | provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that our receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of our management and directors; and

| iii. | provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements.

Internal control over financial reporting cannot provide absolute assurance of achieving financial reporting objectives because of its inherent limitations, including the possibility of human error and circumvention by collusion or overriding of controls. Accordingly, even an effective internal control system may not prevent or detect material misstatements on a timely basis. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION.

None.

ITEM 9C. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS.

Not applicable.

19

PART III

Item 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE.

The Company has adopted a Financial Code of Ethical Conduct applicable to its principal executive officers, principal financial officers and principal accounting officers. A copy of this Financial Code of Ethical Conduct is filed as Exhibit 14 to this Form 10-K. The Financial Code of Ethical Conduct is also available on our web site at www.frpdev.com/investor-relations/corporate-governance/.

The rest of the information required in response to this Item 10 is included under the captions “Board of Directors & Corporate Governance”, “Our Executive Officers”, “Securities Ownership” in the Company's Proxy Statement, and such information is incorporated herein by reference. The Proxy Statement will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission not later than March 31, 2023.

Item 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION.

Information required in response to this Item 11 is included under the caption “Executive Compensation” in the Company's Proxy Statement, and such information is incorporated herein by reference. The Proxy Statement will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission not later than March 31, 2023.

Item 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS.

Equity Compensation Plan Information

|  |  |  |  |  |  | Number of Securities |
|  |  |  |  |  |  | remaining available |
|  | Number of Securities |  |  |  |  | for future issuance |
|  | to be issued upon |  |  | Weighted average |  | under equity |
|  | exercise of |  |  | exercise price of |  | compensation plans |
|  | outstanding options, |  |  | outstanding options, |  | (excluding securities |
|  | warrants and rights |  |  | warrants and rights |  | reflected in column (a)) |
Plan Category |  | (a) |  |  | (b) |  | (c) |
Equity compensation plans |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
approved by security holders |  | 144,791 | (1) | $ | 40.33 | (2) | 367,641 | (1)
Equity compensation plans |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
not approved by security holders |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  | 0 |
Total |  | 144,791 |  | $ | 40.33 |  | 367,641 |

| 1. | Column (a) includes 138,791 stock options granted under our 2016 Equity Incentive Plan and 2006 Stock Incentive Plan and 6,000 performance share awards granted under our 2016 Equity Incentive Plan. Each performance share award shown in the table represents a right to receive, subject to the satisfaction of certain performance criteria and the recipient’s continued service to the Company, a number of shares of restricted stock, which number will be calculated after the applicable performance period by dividing the pre-determined value of each award by the closing price of our common stock on the date the restricted stock is issued. The aggregate value of the

20

performance share awards shown in table is $325,920. For illustrative purposes, the maximum payout of the performance share awards has been assumed, and the number of performance share awards has been calculated using our closing stock price on March 2, 2023 ($54.32). The performance share awards are subject to partial or complete forfeiture if the vesting criteria are not met. Because some or all of the performance share awards may not vest, and because the number of shares of restricted stock to be issued thereunder is dependent on future stock prices, columns (a) and (c) may overstate or understate expected dilution.

| 2. | Because there is no exercise price associated with the performance share awards, the weighted-average exercise price does not take the performance share awards into account.

The remainder of the information required in response to this Item 12 is included under the captions “Securities Ownership” in the Company's Proxy Statement, and such information is incorporated herein by reference. The Proxy Statement will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission not later than March 31, 2023.

Item 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE.

Information required in response to this Item 13 is included under the captions “Related Party Transactions” and “Board of Directors & Corporate Governance” in the Company's Proxy Statement, and such information is incorporated herein by reference. The Proxy Statement will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission not later than March 31, 2023.

Item 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES.

Our independent registered accounting firm is Hancock Askew & Co., LLP, Jacksonville, Florida, Firm 794. Information required in response to this Item 14 is included under the captions “Proposal 2: The Auditor Proposal” in the Company’s Proxy Statement, and such information is incorporated herein by reference. The Proxy Statement will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission not later than March 31, 2023.

PART IV

Item 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULE.

(a) (1) Financial Statements.

The response to this item is submitted as a separate section. See Index to Financial Statements on page 26 of this Form 10-K.

(3) Exhibits.

The response to this item is submitted as a separate section. See Exhibit Index on pages 24 through 25 of this Form 10-K.

Item 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY.

21

None.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

|  |  | FRP Holdings, Inc.
Date: March 22, 2023 |  | By | JOHN D. BAKER II |
|  |  | John D. Baker II |
|  |  | Chief Executive Officer
|  |  | (Principal Executive Officer)
|  | By | JOHN D. BAKER, III |
|  |  | John D. Baker, III |
|  |  | Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer
|  |  | (Principal Financial Officer)
|  | By | JOHN D. KLOPFENSTEIN |
|  |  | John D. Klopfenstein |
|  |  | Controller and Chief Accounting
|  |  | Officer (Principal Accounting Officer)

22

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities indicated on March 22, 2023.

/s/ John D. Baker II John D. Baker II Executive Chairman and Chief Executive Officer | /s/ Martin E. Stein, Jr. Martin E. Stein, Jr. Director
(Principal Executive Officer) | /s/ John S. Surface John S. Surface Director
/s/ John D. Baker, III John D. Baker, III Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) | /s/ Nicole B. Thomas Nicole B. Thomas Director
/s/ John D. Klopfenstein John D. Klopfenstein Controller and Chief Accounting Officer (Principal Accounting Officer) | /s/ William H. Walton William H. Walton Director
Charles E. Commander III Director | /s/Margaret Wetherbee Margaret Wetherbee Director

23

FRP HOLDINGS, INC.

FORM 10-K FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2022

EXHIBIT INDEX

Item 15(a)(3)

2.1 | Separation and Distribution Agreement, dated as of January 30, 2015, by and between FRP Holdings, Inc. and Patriot Transportation Holding, Inc., incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on February 3, 2015.
3.1 | Second Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of FRP Holdings, Inc., adopted February 4, 2015, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Company’s Form 10-Q filed on May 8, 2015.
3.2 | Third Amended and Restated Bylaws of FRP Holdings, Inc., as amended March 31, 2020, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3(i) to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on April 6, 2020.
4.1 | Articles III, V and X of the Second Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of FRP Holdings, Inc, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Company’s Form 10-Q filed May 8, 2015.
4.2 | Specimen stock certificate of FRP Holdings, Inc., incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the Company’s Post-Effective Amendment to Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed on December 5, 2014.
4.3 | Description of Registrant’s Common Stock, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.3 of the Company’s Form 10-K filed on March 19, 2021.
10.1 | Tax Matters Agreement, dated January 30, 2015, by and between FRP Holdings, Inc. and Patriot Transportation Holding, Inc., incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on February 3, 2015.
10.2 | Employee Matters Agreement, dated January 30, 2015, by and between FRP Holdings, Inc. and Patriot Transportation Holding, Inc., incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on February 3, 2015.
10.3 | Transition Services Agreement, dated January 30, 2015, by and between FRP Holdings, Inc. and Patriot Transportation Holding, Inc., incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on February 3, 2015.
10.4 | Summary of Medical Reimbursement Plan of FRP Holdings, Inc., incorporated herein by reference to an exhibit filed with Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 1993. File No. 33-26115.
10.5 | Summary of Management Incentive Compensation Plans, incorporated herein by reference to an exhibit filed with Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 1994. File No. 33-26115.
10.6 | Management Security Agreements between the Company and certain officers, incorporated herein by reference to a form of agreement previously filed (as Exhibit (10)(I)) with Form S-4 dated December 13, 1988. File No. 33-26115.
10.7 | FRP Holdings, Inc. 2006 Stock Incentive Plan, incorporated herein by reference to an appendix to the Company’s Proxy Statement dated December 29, 2005.
10.8 | FRP Holdings, Inc. 2016 Equity Incentive Plan, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed February 13, 2017.
10.9 | Letter Agreement between the Company and David H. deVilliers, Jr., incorporated herein by reference to an exhibit filed with Form 10-Q for the quarter ended December 31, 2007.
10.10 | Letter Agreement between the Company and John D. Klopfenstein, incorporated herein by reference to an exhibit filed with Form 10-Q for the quarter ended December 31, 2007.
10.11 | 2015 Credit Agreement, dated January 30, 2015, by and between the Company and Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Form 10-Q/A filed on August 5, 2015.
10.12 | Loan Agreement dated November 17, 2017, between Riverfront Holdings I, LLC and EagleBank, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.15 of the Company’s Form 10-K filed on March 16, 2018.

24

13.1 | The Company's 2022 Annual Report to shareholders, portions of which are incorporated by reference in this Form 10-K. Those portions of the 2022 Annual Report to Shareholders which are not incorporated by reference shall not be deemed to be filed as part of this Form 10-K.
14.1 | Financial Code of Ethical Conduct between the Company, Chief Executive Officers and Financial Managers, adopted December 3, 2014, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 14 to the Company’s Form 10-Q filed on November 9, 2017.
21.1 | Subsidiaries of Registrant at December 31, 2022
23.1 | Consent of Hancock Askew & Co., Inc., Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm, appears on page 27 of this Form 10-K.
31.1 | Certification of John D. Baker II.
31.2 | Certification of John D. Baker III.
31.3 | Certification of John D. Klopfenstein.
32.1 | Certification of Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, and Chief Accounting Officer under Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
99.1 | Information Statement of Patriot Transportation Holding, Inc., dated January 12, 2015, incorporated by reference to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on January 13, 2015.
101.INS | XBRL Instance Document Taxonomy Extension Schema
101.SCH | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase
101.DEF | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase
101.LAB | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase
101.PRE | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase
104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document and contained in Exhibit 101).

25

FRP HOLDINGS, INC.

INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Item 15(a) (1) and 2))

|  |  | Page
Consolidated Financial Statements: |  |  |  |
Consolidated balance sheets at December 31, 2022 and 2021 |  |  | 54 |
For the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 |  |  |  |
Consolidated statements of income |  |  | 52 |
Consolidated statements of comprehensive income |  |  | 53 |
Consolidated statements of cash flows |  |  | 55 |
Consolidated statements of shareholders' equity |  |  | 56 |
Notes to consolidated financial statements |  |  | 57-75 |
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm |  |  | 77-78 |
Selected quarterly financial data (unaudited) |  |  | 36-37 |
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm |  |  | 27 |

All schedules have been omitted, as they are not required under the related instructions, are inapplicable, or because the information required is included in the consolidated financial statements.

26

Exhibit 23

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

FRP Holdings, Inc.

Jacksonville, Florida

We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statements on Form S-8 (No. 333- 125099, 333-131475 and 333-216025) of FRP Holdings, Inc. of our report dated March 22, 2023, relating to the consolidated financial statements which appear in the Annual Report to Shareholders incorporated by reference herein.

Respectfully submitted,

Hancock Askew & Co., LLP

Jacksonville, Florida

March 22, 2023

27

Annual Report 2022

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS

Years ended December 31

(Amounts in thousands except per share amounts)

|  |  |  |  |  | %
|  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | Change
Revenues |  | $ | 37,481 |  |  |  | 31,220 |  |  |  | 20.1 |
Operating profit |  | $ | 7,996 |  |  |  | 2,274 |  |  |  | 251.6 |
Net investment income |  | $ | 5,473 |  |  |  | 4,215 |  |  |  | 29.8 |
Interest Expense |  | $ | (3,045 | ) |  |  | (2,304 | ) |  |  | 32.2 |
Equity in loss of joint ventures |  | $ | (5,721 | ) |  |  | (5,754 | ) |  |  | (0.6 | )
Gain on remeasurement of investment in real estate partnership |  | $ | — |  |  |  | 51,139 |  |  |  | (100.0 | )
Gain on sale of real estate |  | $ | 874 |  |  |  | 805 |  |  |  | 8.6 |
Gain (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest |  | $ | (518 | ) |  |  | 11,879 |  |  |  | (104.4 | )
Net income attributable to the Company |  | $ | 4,565 |  |  |  | 28,215 |  |  |  | (83.8 | )
Per common share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income attributable to the Company: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  | $ | 0.49 |  |  |  | 3.02 |  |  |  | (83.8 | )
Diluted |  | $ | 0.48 |  |  |  | 3.00 |  |  |  | (83.7 | )
Total Assets |  | $ | 701,084 |  |  |  | 678,190 |  |  |  | 3.4 |
Total Debt |  | $ | 178,557 |  |  |  | 178,409 |  |  |  | — |
Shareholders' Equity |  | $ | 407,145 |  |  |  | 396,423 |  |  |  | 2.7 |
Common Shares Outstanding |  |  | 9,460 |  |  |  | 9,411 |  |  |  | .5 |
Book Value Per Common Share |  | $ | 43.04 |  |  |  | 42.12 |  |  |  | 0.8 |

BUSINESS. FRP Holdings, Inc. is a holding company engaged in the real estate business, namely (i) leasing and management of commercial properties owned by the Company, (ii) leasing and management of mining royalty land owned by the Company, (iii) real property acquisition, entitlement, development and construction primarily for apartment, retail, warehouse, and office buildings either alone or through joint ventures, (iv) ownership, leasing and management of buildings through joint ventures. The Company’s operating subsidiaries are FRP Development Corp. and Florida Rock Properties, Inc.

STRATEGY. Our strategy consists of the re-deployment of cash from asset sales, real estate operations, and mining royalties, into new assets that allow management to exploit its knowledge and expertise. The asset classes of choice are mixed-use, industrial, raw land, existing buildings, and repeatable strategic partnerships located in core markets with growth potential. Emphasis will be placed on generating returns through opportunistic disposition, as well as cash-flow and long-term appreciation.

OBJECTIVE. We strive to improve shareholder value through (1) active engagement with properties and partners to grow asset value, (2) contributing our operating expertise and connections to maximize value and NOI growth, and (3) manage our capital structure in an efficient and responsible manner, with a watchful eye on projected future market conditions and trends to facilitate timely disposition of selected assets, (4) diligent, sustainable growth.

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To Our Shareholders,

Time is a funny thing. The same summer day that seems to last forever to the boy, is more or less the blink of an eye to his father. A school year is an eternity to a student, and yet the same year for the teacher or the parent running carpool passes so quickly as to have almost ended moments after it began. The way time seemingly speeds up as one gets older is the basis of a theory that in terms of the way we perceive time, our lives are halfway over by the time we turn 18. Youth, maybe even more than we realized, is wasted on the young. That’s a pretty depressing thought. And yet it gives one heart that even though time appears to move faster and faster, a lot can still happen in a year. This Company had so much going on in 2022, that it is hard to fathom (what with time moving so fast) that we got it all done in just 365 days. In 2022, we made our first mining royalty acquisition in a decade with our purchase of the Bland Property in Astatula, Florida, which helped propel us to our largest revenue year ever for that segment. 2022 saw the stabilization and permanent financing of Riverside in Greenville, South Carolina, as well as the completion of construction on and lease-up of both .408 Jackson (also in Greenville) and The Verge in DC. In 2022, we added to our industrial development pipeline with the purchase of a new site in Cecil County, Maryland capable of supporting 900,000 square feet of industrial development, and we passed a major pre-development milestone with the unappealable annexation into Aberdeen, Maryland of our 54 acres adjacent to Cranberry Run Business Park on which we plan to build 690,000 square feet of industrial. This past year saw meaningful increases in revenue, operating profit, and pro-rata NOI across all segments with the highest pro-rata NOI total ever for Stabilized Joint Ventures (17.05% increase to $9.47 million vs $8.09 million in 2021), the highest NOI total for Mining Royalties (13.62% increase to $10.15 million vs $8.94 million in 2021), and the highest NOI total (39.22% increase to $2.67 million vs $1.92 million in 2021) for our Asset Management segment since the sale of our warehouse portfolio in 2018. Far and away the biggest news of 2022, however, was our announcement in the beginning of the fourth quarter of our agreement to partner with Steuart Investment Company (SIC) and MidAtlantic Realty Partners (MRP) in developing our collective properties in the Capitol Riverfront and Buzzard Point submarkets of Washington, DC. We’ve mentioned the details of this agreement a number of times, but it bears repeating—this partnership plans to build over three million square feet of mixed-use development comprising 3,000 residential units and 150,000 square feet of retail spread amongst 10 distinct multi-family projects (including Dock 79, The Maren, and The Verge) on or near the water. This deal took over two years of overtures, meetings, and negotiations to put in place, but the end result, in the words of Hamlet, “is a consummation devoutly to be wished.” It will take over a decade to realize, but when all is said and done, your Company will have a meaningful share of nearly every asset visible from the south entrance of the nation’s capital.

ASSET MANAGEMENT

The Asset Management segment, our industrial assets in particular, produced strong results in 2022. Increased occupancy and rent increases at our Cranberry Run Business Park as well as full occupancy at one of the two new spec buildings at Hollander accounted for a 43% increase in revenue over calendar year 2021 as well as a 39.22% increase in NOI. All seven of our industrial assets are 100% leased, and six of the seven industrial buildings in-service are 100% occupied with occupancy expected on the seventh in the first half of 2023. Looking forward, we have completed construction on a 101,750 square foot build-to-suit warehouse project and are awaiting the final certificate of occupancy and expect the tenant to move in some time in the first half of 2023. We have three other properties in our industrial development pipeline in various stages of predevelopment: 170 acres in Cecil County, Maryland, purchased in September 2022 and capable of supporting 900,000 square feet of industrial for which we are currently pursuing entitlements; 17 acres in Aberdeen, Maryland where we have submitted grading and building permit applications for 259,000 square-foot warehouse; and a 54 acre site adjacent to our Cranberry Run Business Park capable of 690,000 square feet of industrial which was just annexed into the town of Aberdeen, Maryland. Given the current state and recent performance of our industrial portfolio, management is excited to move forward with these projects in what has been, along with mining royalties, this Company’s “bread and butter.” With nearly 1,850,000 square feet of potential industrial in our development pipeline, when the dust settles on these projects, we will have expanded our existing industrial footprint by 358% to roughly 2.4 million square feet.

STABILIZED JOINT VENTURES

Stabilized Joint Ventures experienced a shot in the arm to begin the year as the District of Columbia finally lifted its emergency protocols and allowed for rent increases on renewals. Both properties benefitted from this return to free market economics. This year, 61.45% of expiring leases at The Maren renewed with an average increase in rent of 8.17%, and 61.40% of expiring leases renewed at Dock 79 with an average increase in rent of 5.91%. Increases seemed to pick

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up steam over the course of the year, culminating in fourth quarter renewals of 42.31% of expiring leases at Dock 79 and 61.90% at The Maren, with an average rent increase on renewals of 8.89% and 11.14% respectively. This year we began to track “trade outs”—the increase in rent on a new lease when we were not able to renew an expiring one. In 2022, we saw an increase in rent on these trade outs of 7.4% at The Maren and 12.6% at Dock. Inflation certainly has something to do with the numbers you’re seeing here, but it also demonstrates the extent to which rents were held back by DC’s emergency protocols and just how far we had to push rents to get them back in line with what they should have been barring restrictions. Of course, the desirability of the assets in question had something to do with why we were able to attempt this in the first place. As mentioned previously, as part of the deal we reached in the fourth quarter with Steuart Investment Company, SIC is now a 20% partner in both Dock 79 and The Maren. SIC paid $65.3 million for their 20% stake, which places a $326.5 million combined valuation on Dock 79 and The Maren. Point being, we are excited about this new partnership and what it will build, but SIC’s investment in our Riverfront projects shows how excited it is about what we have already built. In the third quarter of 2022, we added Riverside, our joint venture with Woodfield Development in Greenville, South Carolina, to the Stabilized Joint Ventures Segment after it achieved stabilization (90% occupancy for 90 days). As mentioned previously, we were concurrently able to permanently finance this joint venture with a $32 million loan with a term of eight years at a fixed rate of 4.92%. This loan is interest-only for the first five years and has no prepayment penalty after the first three. Riverside achieved stabilization in what management believed was a remarkably short period of time (even accounting for how fast time passes for adults). Lease-up began in the third quarter of 2021 and we achieved stabilization in the third quarter of 2022. That and the fact that the building’s 200 units were 98% leased with 92.5% occupancy at year end speaks to the strength of the Greenville market and gives us confidence as we begin lease-up of .408 Jackson, our second joint venture with Woodfield in Greenville.

MINING ROYALTIES

2022 was a huge year for mining royalties. In the fourth quarter, the segment had its highest revenue quarter ever ($2.9 million), closing the books on its best year ever. Prior to 2022, mining royalties had never achieved $10 million in revenue in any fiscal year. In 2022, this segment had over $10 million in NOI. Surpassing the $10 million mark with $10.7 million in revenue, a 12.9% improvement over 2021, was primarily due to the acquisition of the Bland Property (adjacent to, and part of the same Vulcan sand plant as our existing land in Astatula, Florida). As you may recall, we purchased this property in April of 2022 for $11.6 million. This was the first property added to this segment since 2012 and only the second property we’ve purchased for mining royalties since 1986. It contains roughly 21.8 million tons in sand reserves on 1,500 acres and right now is our biggest royalty producing property by revenue. Looking into 2023, we are still confident in the underlying fundamentals of this business. Increased demand in 2022 made for meaningful price increases (Martin Marietta: 10.5% increase on average selling price over 2021, Vulcan Materials: 12.4% increase on average selling price in Q3 2022), and demand should remain strong in 2023 and beyond. Total federal highway spending is expected to be in the ballpark of $72 billion this year, and over $102 billion in highway, bridge, and tunnel projects were awarded in 2022, a 24% increase over the previous year. The Cornyn-Padilla amendment to the 2023 Congressional Appropriations Bill, now allows states to divert unused Covid relief funds for infrastructure projects. To that end, in June 2022, Florida released the largest budget in the history of the Florida Department of Transportation with over $12 billion in planned infrastructure investment over the course of five years. The boost in demand from the increase in infrastructure investments described above should translate into price increases and help continue to drive the bottom line in this segment.

It has been management’s goal for the last five years to put the proceeds of the asset sale to work in new projects. While we have continued to put money to work in the form of new investments, the goal of having a home for all our excess cash has eluded us. Naturally it follows that since our last major round of share buybacks in 2021, we have received a number of inquiries regarding our plans for returning at least part of the cash on our balance sheet to investors in the form of additional buybacks or dividends. If it was ever a consideration, the agreement with SIC and MRP has eliminated it. With the industrial and multifamily projects we have in front of us, it will take all of our current cash as well as future cash flow to be able to make the equity investments that we have laid out over the next decade plus while maintaining a reasonable capital cushion. It is true that we are not building everything at once, and in every proforma we have run, there is always a healthy amount of cash in the till. But as we grow and have multiple projects in various stages of development, we believe our cash is entirely too important as a capital cushion to risk what we’ve built by committing to dividends or further leveraging the Company through a meaningful buyback program. It is management’s position that dividends are for mature companies, not growing ones. And for the time being, we are definitely a growth company.

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The near-term macroeconomic future is somewhat murky to say the very least. Inflation and economic growth play a daily tug-of-war with an increasingly schizophrenic market. While we are planning to grow, we are not going to be so committed to our current vision that it risks what has already been built. We have been very conservative in how we’ve grown the assets we own outright, and we have been just as careful in choosing partners in our joint ventures that share our same attitude of deliberate, considerate growth and investment. Whether a recession is around the corner, or the Fed can achieve a soft landing is important to us, but it will not make or break this Company or our ability to grow it. To borrow from Hamlet again, “There is a special providence in the fall of a sparrow. If it be now, ‘tis not to come; if it be not to come, it will be now; if it be not now, yet it will come. The readiness is all.” This Company—your Company—will be ready.

Respectfully yours,

John D. Baker II

C.E.O. and Executive Chairman

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FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS

Certain matters discussed in this report contain forward-looking statements, including without limitation relating to the Company's plans, strategies, objectives, expectations, intentions, capital expenditures, future liquidity, and plans and timetables for completion of pending development projects. The words or phrases “anticipate,” “estimate,” ”believe,” “budget,” “continue,” “could,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “potential,” “predict,” “seek,” “should,” “will,” “would,” “expect,” “objective,” “projection,” “forecast,” “goal,” “guidance,” “outlook,” “effort,” “target” and similar expressions identify forward-looking statements. The following factors and others discussed in the Company’s periodic reports and filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission are among the principal factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the forward-looking statements: levels of construction activity in the markets served by our mining properties; risk insurance markets; availability and terms of financing; competition; interest rates, inflation and general economic conditions; demand for warehouse/office facilities in the Baltimore-Washington-Northern Virginia area; demand for apartments in Washington D.C., Richmond, Virginia and Greenville, South Carolina; and ability to obtain zoning and entitlements necessary for property development. However, this list is not a complete statement of all potential risks or uncertainties.

These forward-looking statements are made as of the date hereof based on management’s current expectations, and the Company does not undertake an obligation to update such statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. Additional information regarding these and other risk factors may be found in the Company’s other filings made from time to time with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

OPERATING PROPERTIES

The Company owns (predominately in fee simple but also through ownership of interests in joint ventures) approximately 21,000 acres of land in Florida, Georgia, Maryland, Virginia, South Carolina, and the District of Columbia. This land is generally held by the Company in four distinct segments: (i) Asset Management Segment (land owned and operated as income producing rental properties in the form of commercial properties), (ii) Mining Royalty Lands Segment (land owned and leased to mining companies for royalties or rents), (iii) Development Segment (land owned and held for investment to be further developed for future income production or sales to third parties), and (iv) Stabilized Joint Venture Segment (ownership, leasing and management of buildings through joint ventures).

Asset Management Segment. As of December 31, 2022, the Asset Management Segment includes eight buildings at four commercial properties owned by the Company in fee simple as follows:

1) 34 Loveton Circle in suburban Baltimore County, Maryland consists of one office building totaling 33,708 square feet which is 95.1% occupied (16% of the space is occupied by the Company for use as our Baltimore headquarters). The property is subject to commercial leases with various tenants.

2) 155 E. 21st Street in Duval County, Florida was an office building property that remains under lease through March 2026. We permitted the tenant to demolish all structures on the property during 2018.

3) Cranberry Run Business Park in Hartford County, Maryland consists of five office buildings totaling 267,737 square feet which are 100% occupied and 100% leased. The property is subject to commercial leases with various tenants.

4) Hollander 95 Business Park in Baltimore City, Maryland consists of two buildings totaling 145,590 square feet that were completed in the fourth quarter of 2021 and are 100.0% leased and 45.4% occupied.

Mining Royalty Lands Segment – Mining Properties. The Company owns a fee simple interest in 14 open pit aggregates quarries located in Florida, Georgia and Virginia, which comprise approximately 16,650 total acres. The Company’s quarries are subject to mining leases with various tenants, including Vulcan Materials, Martin Marietta, Cemex, Argos, and The Concrete Company. Aggregates consist of crushed stone, sand, gravel, fill dirt, limestone and calcium and are used primarily in construction applications.

Nine of the Company’s quarries (located in Grandin, FL, Fort Myers, FL, Keuka, FL, Newberry, FL, Astatula, FL, Columbus, GA, Macon, GA, Tyrone, GA, and Manassas, VA; totaling 13,876 acres) are currently being mined, and five of the Company’s quarries (located in Marion County, FL, Lake Louisa, FL, Astatula, FL, Lake Sand, FL and Forest

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Park, GA; totaling 2,778 acres) are leased but are not currently being mined. Our typical mining lease requires the tenant to pay the Company a royalty based on the number of tons of mined materials sold from our mining property during a given fiscal year multiplied by a percentage of the average annual sales price per ton sold. In certain locations, typically where the reserves on the property have been depleted but the tenant still has a need for the leased land, we collect a minimum annual rental amount. In the fiscal years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, aggregate tons sold with respect to the Company’s mining properties were approximately 9,525,000, 7,575,000 and 8,206,000, respectively.

In May 2014, the Company entered into an amendment to our lease with Vulcan for our Fort Myers location requiring that the mining be accelerated and that the mining plan be conformed to accommodate the future construction of up to 105 residential dwelling units around the mined lakes. In return, the Company granted Lee County an option to purchase a right of way for a connector road that would benefit the residential area on our property and to place a conservation easement on part of the property, which the County exercised in 2020. Mining activity commenced in 2017 following Lee County’s issuance of a mine operating permit allowing Vulcan to begin production.

In November 2017, Lake County commissioners voted to approve a permit to Cemex to mine the Company’s land in Lake Louisa, Florida. The county issued the permit in July 2019. Cemex expects to begin mining after completing the work necessary to prepare this site to become an active sand mine.

Mining Royalty Lands Segment - Brooksville Joint Venture. In 2006, a subsidiary of the Company entered into a joint venture agreement with Vulcan Materials Company to jointly own and develop approximately 4,280 acres of land near Brooksville, Florida as a mixed-use community. In April 2011, the Florida Department of Community Affairs issued its final order approving the development of the project consisting of 5,800 residential dwelling units and over 600,000 square feet of commercial and 850,000 of light industrial uses. Zoning for the project was approved by the County in August 2012. Vulcan Materials still mines on the property and the Company receives 100% of the royalty on all tons sold at the Brooksville property. In 2022, 244,000 tons were sold.

Mining Royalty Lands Segment - Other Properties. The segment also owns an additional 36 acres of investment property in Brooksville, Florida.

Development Segment – Warehouse/Office Land.

At December 31, 2022, this segment owned the following future development parcels:

| 1) | Six acres of horizontally developed land at Hollander Business Park in Baltimore City, Maryland with one 101,750 square feet industrial build-to-suit awaiting final certificate of occupancy.

| 2) | 54 acres of land that will be capable of supporting over 690,000 square feet of industrial product located at 1001 Old Philadelphia Road in Aberdeen, Maryland.

| 3) | 17 acres of land in Harford County, Maryland that can accommodate 259,000 square feet of industrial development.

| 4) | 170 acres of land Cecil County, Maryland that can accommodate 900,000 square feet of industrial development.

Development Segment – Land Held for Investment or Sale.

At December 31, 2022, this segment owned the following development parcels:

| 1) | Riverfront on the Anacostia: The Riverfront on the Anacostia property is a 5.8-acre parcel of real estate in Washington, D.C. that fronts the Anacostia River and is adjacent to the Washington Nationals Baseball Park. A revised Planned Unit Development (PUD) plan was approved in 2012 and permits the Company to develop, in four phases, a four-building, mixed-use project, containing approximately 1,161,050 square feet. The approved development includes numerous publicly accessible open spaces and a waterfront esplanade along the Anacostia River. The first phase (now known as Dock 79), which was completed through a joint venture with MRP Realty, and which consisted of a single building with residential and retail uses, became our fourth business segment in July 2017, now known as the Stabilized Joint Venture Segment. The second phase (now known as The Maren), also completed through a joint venture with MRP Realty and consists of a single building with residential and retail uses, was added to the Stabilized Joint Venture Segment effective March 31, 2021. The final two phases,

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Phase 3 and Phase 4 remain under a first-stage PUD approval expiring April 5, 2023, permitting 500,000 square feet of development.

| 2) | Hampstead Trade Center: The Hampstead Trade Center property in Hampstead, Carroll County, Maryland is a 118-acre parcel located adjacent to the State Route 30 bypass. The parcel was previously zoned for industrial use, but our request for rezoning for residential use was approved in December 2018. Management believes this to be a higher and better use of the property. We are fully engaged in the formal process of seeking PUD entitlements for this tract, which is now known as “Hampstead Overlook”.

| 3) | Bryant Street: On December 24, 2018 the Company and MRP Realty formed four partnerships to purchase and develop approximately five acres of land at 500 Rhode Island Ave NE, Washington, D.C. This property is the first phase of the Bryant Street Master Plan. The property is located in an Opportunity Zone, which provides tax benefits in the new communities development program as established by Congress in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017. This first phase is a mixed-use development which supports 487 residential units and 91,661 square feet of first floor and stand-alone retail on approximately five acres of the roughly 12-acre site. Construction is complete and leasing efforts are under way.

| 4) | The Verge: On December 20, 2019 the Company and MRP formed a joint venture to acquire and develop a mixed-use project located at 1800 Half Street, Washington, D.C. This property is located in the Buzzard Point area of Washington, DC, less than half a mile downriver from Dock 79 and The Maren. It lies directly between our two acres on the Anacostia currently under lease by Vulcan and Audi Field, the home stadium of the DC United. The project is located in an Opportunity Zone, which provides tax benefits in the new communities’ development program as established by Congress in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017. The eleven-story structure has 344 apartments and 8,536 square feet of ground floor retail. Construction is complete and leasing is under way.

| 5) | Square 664E: The Company’s Square 664E property is approximately two acres situated on the Anacostia River at the base of South Capitol Street less than half a mile down river from our Riverfront on the Anacostia property. This property is currently under lease to Vulcan Materials for use as a concrete batch plant through 2026. In March 2017, reconstruction of the bulkhead was completed at a cost of $4.2 million in anticipation of future high-rise development.

| 9) | .408 Jackson: In December 2019, the Company entered into a joint venture with a new partner, Woodfield Development, for the acquisition and development of a mixed-use project known as “.408 Jackson” in Greenville, South Carolina. Woodfield specializes in Class-A multi-family, mixed-use developments primarily in the Carolinas and DC. The project is located across the street from Greenville’s minor league baseball stadium and holds 227 multi-family units and 4,539 square feet of retail space. It is located in an Opportunity Zone, which provides tax benefits in the new communities’ development program as established by Congress in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017. The temporary certificate of occupancy was received in December 2022. Leasing began in the fourth quarter of 2022 with residential units 21.6% leased and 4.9% occupied at quarter end. Retail at this location is 100%. The Company owns 40% of the development.

| 6) | Windlass Run: In March 2016, the Company entered into an agreement with St. Johns Properties Inc., a Baltimore development company, to jointly develop the remaining lands of our Windlass Run Business Park, located in Middle River, Maryland, into a multi-building business park consisting of approximately 329,000 square feet of single-story office space. The project will take place in several phases, with construction of the first phase, which includes two office buildings and two retail buildings totaling 100,030-square-feet (inclusive of 27,950 retail), commenced in the fourth quarter of 2017 and was completed in January 2019. At December 31, 2022 Phase I was 50.7% leased and 48.0% occupied, the subsequent phases will follow as each phase is stabilized.

| 7) | Estero: In August 2022, the Company invested $3.6 million for a 16% interest in a joint venture with Woodfield Development to purchase and develop 46 acres in Estero, FL into a mixed-use project with 554 multifamily units, 72,000 square feet of commercial space, 41,000 square feet of office space and a boutique 170-key hotel. While the joint venture attempts to rezone the property, the Company will receive a preferred return of 8% with an option to roll its investment into equity in the vertical development or exit at that point.

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Stabilized Joint Venture Segment.

At December 31, 2022, this segment owned the following stabilized joint ventures:

| 1) | Dock 79: In 2014, approximately 2.1 acres (Phase I) of the total 5.8-acres was contributed to a joint venture owned by the Company (77%) and our partner, MRP Realty (23%), and construction commenced in October 2014 on a 305-unit residential apartment building with approximately 14,430 square feet of first floor retail space. Lease-up commenced in May 2016 and rent stabilization of the residential units of 90% occupied was achieved in the third quarter of 2017. The attainment of stabilization resulted in a change of control for accounting purposes as the veto rights of the minority shareholder lapsed and the Company became the primary beneficiary. As such, beginning July 1, 2017, the Company consolidated the assets (at current fair value based on a third-party opinion), liabilities and operating results of the joint venture. This consolidation resulted in a gain on remeasurement of investment in real estate partnership of $60,196,000 of which $20,469,000 was attributed to the noncontrolling interest. The Company used the fair value amount to calculate adjusted ownership under the Conversion election. As such for financial reporting purposes effective July 1, 2017 the Company ownership is based upon this substantive profit-sharing arrangement and is 66.0% on a prospective basis. During fourth quarter 2022, as part of our new partnership with SIC and MRP, we sold a 20% interest in a tenancy-in-common of Dock 79 where FRP Holdings, Inc. is the majority partner with a 52.8% ownership.

| 2) | The Maren: On May 4, 2018, the Company and MRP Realty formed a Joint Venture to develop the second phase only of the four-phase master development known as Riverfront on the Anacostia in Washington, D.C. The purpose of the Joint Venture is to develop and own a 250,000-square-foot mixed-use development which supports 264 residential units and 6,758 square feet of retail. Lease-up commenced in March 2020 and rent stabilization of the residential units of 90% occupied was achieved in March 2021. Reaching stabilization results in a change of control for accounting purposes as the veto rights of the minority shareholder lapsed and the Company became the primary beneficiary. As such, beginning March 31, 2021, the Company consolidated the assets (at fair value), liabilities and operating results of the joint venture. This consolidation resulted in a gain on remeasurement of investment in real estate partnership of $51,139,000 of which $13,965,000 was attributed to the noncontrolling interest. In accordance with the terms of the Joint Venture agreements, the Company used the fair value amount at date of conversion and calculated an adjusted ownership under the Conversion election. As such for financial reporting purposes effective March 31, 2021 the Company ownership is based upon this substantive profit-sharing arrangement and is 70.41% on a prospective basis as agreed to by FRP and MRP. During fourth quarter 2022, as part of our new partnership with SIC and MRP, we sold a 20% interest in a tenancy-in-common of The Maren where FRP Holdings, Inc. is the majority partner with a 56.3% ownership.

| 3) | Riverside: On December 23, 2019 the Company and Woodfield formed a joint venture to develop a 200-unit residential apartment project located at 1430 Hampton Avenue, Greenville, SC. The project is located in an Opportunity Zone, which provides tax benefits in the new communities’ development program as established by Congress in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017. The Company contributed $6.2 million in exchange for a 40% ownership in the joint venture.

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Five Year Summary

(Amounts in thousands except per share amounts)

|  | Years Ended December 31,
|  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Summary of Operations: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenues |  | $ | 37,481 |  |  |  | 31,220 |  |  |  | 23,583 |  |  |  | 23,756 |  |  |  | 22,022 |
Operating profit |  | $ | 7,996 |  |  |  | 2,274 |  |  |  | 5,134 |  |  |  | 5,756 |  |  |  | 1,962 |
Interest expense |  | $ | 3,045 |  |  |  | 2,304 |  |  |  | 1,100 |  |  |  | 1,054 |  |  |  | 3,103 |
Income from continuing operations |  | $ | 4,047 |  |  |  | 40,094 |  |  |  | 11,722 |  |  |  | 8,822 |  |  |  | 959 |
Per Common Share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  | $ | 0.44 |  |  |  | 4.29 |  |  |  | 1.22 |  |  |  | 0.89 |  |  |  | 0.10 |
Diluted |  | $ | 0.43 |  |  |  | 4.27 |  |  |  | 1.22 |  |  |  | 0.89 |  |  |  | 0.09 |
Income from discontinued operations, net |  | $ | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 6,856 |  |  |  | 122,129 |
Income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest |  | $ | (518 | ) |  |  | 11,879 |  |  |  | (993 | ) |  |  | (499 | ) |  |  | (1,384 | )
Net income attributable to the Company |  | $ | 4,565 |  |  |  | 28,215 |  |  |  | 12,715 |  |  |  | 16,177 |  |  |  | 124,472 |
Per Common Share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  | $ | 0.49 |  |  |  | 3.02 |  |  |  | 1.33 |  |  |  | 1.64 |  |  |  | 12.40 |
Diluted |  | $ | 0.48 |  |  |  | 3.00 |  |  |  | 1.32 |  |  |  | 1.63 |  |  |  | 12.32 |
Financial Summary: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Property and equipment, net |  | $ | 367,158 |  |  |  | 350,665 |  |  |  | 203,140 |  |  |  | 202,187 |  |  |  | 206,553 |
Total assets |  | $ | 701,084 |  |  |  | 678,190 |  |  |  | 536,360 |  |  |  | 538,148 |  |  |  | 505,488 |
Long-term debt |  | $ | 178,557 |  |  |  | 178,409 |  |  |  | 89,964 |  |  |  | 88,925 |  |  |  | 88,789 |
Shareholders' equity |  | $ | 407,145 |  |  |  | 396,423 |  |  |  | 367,654 |  |  |  | 374,888 |  |  |  | 364,607 |
Net Book Value per common share |  | $ | 43.04 |  |  |  | 42.12 |  |  |  | 39.26 |  |  |  | 38.19 |  |  |  | 36.57 |
Other Data: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted average common shares - basic |  |  | 9,386 |  |  |  | 9,355 |  |  |  | 9,580 |  |  |  | 9,883 |  |  |  | 10,040 |
Weighted average common shares - diluted |  |  | 9,435 |  |  |  | 9,397 |  |  |  | 9,609 |  |  |  | 9,926 |  |  |  | 10,105 |
Number of employees |  |  | 13 |  |  |  | 14 |  |  |  | 13 |  |  |  | 12 |  |  |  | 10 |
Shareholders of record |  |  | 327 |  |  |  | 333 |  |  |  | 339 |  |  |  | 342 |  |  |  | 355 |

Quarterly Results (unaudited)

(Dollars in thousands except per share amounts)

| For the Quarter Ended |  |
| March 31, |  | June 30, |  | September 30, |  | December 31, |  |
| 2022 |  | 2022 |  | 2022 |  | 2022 |  | Total Fiscal Year 2022
Revenues | $ | 8,707 |  |  |  | 9,628 |  |  |  | 9,294 |  |  |  | 9,852 |  |  |  | 37,481 |
Operating profit | $ | 1,364 |  |  |  | 2,066 |  |  |  | 1,849 |  |  |  | 2,717 |  |  |  | 7,996 |
Income from continuing operations | $ | 404 |  |  |  | 582 |  |  |  | 384 |  |  |  | 2,677 |  |  |  | 4,047 |
Net income attributable to the Company | $ | 672 |  |  |  | 657 |  |  |  | 480 |  |  |  | 2,756 |  |  |  | 4,565 |
Earnings per common share (a): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income attributable to the Company- |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | $ | 0.07 |  |  |  | 0.07 |  |  |  | 0.05 |  |  |  | 0.29 |  |  |  | 0.49 |
Diluted | $ | 0.07 |  |  |  | 0.07 |  |  |  | 0.05 |  |  |  | 0.29 |  |  |  | 0.48 |
Market price per common share (b): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
High | $ | 59.52 |  |  |  | 61.30 |  |  |  | 62.57 |  |  |  | 61.81 |  |  |  | 62.57 |
Low | $ | 54.55 |  |  |  | 54.92 |  |  |  | 53.24 |  |  |  | 53.50 |  |  |  | 53.24 |

| For the Quarter Ended |  |
| March 31, |  | June 30, |  | September 30, |  | December 31, |  |
| 2021 |  | 2021 |  | 2021 |  | 2021 |  | Total Fiscal Year 2021
Revenues | $ | 5,853 |  |  |  | 8,495 |  |  |  | 8,473 |  |  |  | 8,399 |  |  |  | 31,220 |
Operating profit (loss) | $ | 1,442 |  |  |  | (159 | ) |  |  | 732 |  |  |  | 259 |  |  |  | 2,274 |
Income (loss) from continuing operations | $ | 40,875 |  |  |  | 281 |  |  |  | (113 | ) |  |  | (949 | ) |  |  | 40,094 |
Net income (loss) attributable to the Company | $ | 28,373 |  |  |  | 82 |  |  |  | 352 |  |  |  | (592 | ) |  |  | 28,215 |
Earnings per common share (a): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income attributable to the Company- |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | $ | 3.04 |  |  |  | 0.01 |  |  |  | 0.04 |  |  |  | (0.06 | ) |  |  | 3.02 |
Diluted | $ | 3.03 |  |  |  | 0.01 |  |  |  | 0.04 |  |  |  | (0.06 | ) |  |  | 3.00 |
Market price per common share (b): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
High | $ | 51.95 |  |  |  | 62.45 |  |  |  | 60.21 |  |  |  | 65.00 |  |  |  | 65.00 |
Low | $ | 43.19 |  |  |  | 47.97 |  |  |  | 54.47 |  |  |  | 54.82 |  |  |  | 43.19 |

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(a) Earnings per share of common stock is computed independently for each quarter presented. The sum of the quarterly net earnings per share of common stock for a year may not equal the total for the year due to rounding differences.

(b) All prices represent high and low daily closing prices as reported by The Nasdaq Stock Market.

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.

The following discussion includes a non-GAAP financial measure within the meaning of Regulation G promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission to supplement the financial results as reported in accordance with GAAP. The non-GAAP financial measure discussed is pro-rata net operating income (NOI). The Company uses this metric to analyze its continuing operations and to monitor, assess, and identify meaningful trends in its operating and financial performance. This measure is not, and should not be viewed as, a substitute for GAAP financial measures. Refer to “Non-GAAP Financial Measure” below in this annual report for a more detailed discussion, including reconciliations of this non-GAAP financial measure to its most directly comparable GAAP financial measure.

Executive Overview

FRP Holdings, Inc. (“FRP” or the “Company”) is a real estate development, asset management and operating company businesses. Our properties are located in the Mid-Atlantic and southeastern United States and consist of:

Lands leased to mining companies, some of which will have second lives as development properties;

Residential apartments in Washington, D.C. and Greenville, South Carolina;

Warehouse or office properties in the Mid-Atlantic states either existing or under development;

Mixed-use properties under development in Washington, D.C. or Greenville, South Carolina; and

Properties held for sale.

We believe our present capital structure, liquidity and land provide us with years of opportunities to increase recurring revenue and long-term value for our shareholders. We intend to focus on our core business activity of real estate development, asset management and operations. We are developing a broad range of asset types that we believe will provide acceptable rates of return, grow recurring revenues and support future business. Capital commitments will be funded with cash proceeds from completed projects, existing cash, owned-land, partner capital and financing arrangements. We do not anticipate immediate benefits from investments. Timing of projects may be subject to delays caused by factors beyond our control.

Reportable Segments

We conduct primarily all of our business in the following four reportable segments: (1) asset management (2) mining royalty lands (3) development and (4) stabilized joint ventures. For more information regarding our reportable segments, see Note 10. Business Segments of our consolidated financial statements included in this annual report.

Highlights of 2022.

| · | 43.0% increase in asset management revenue versus last year

| · | Highest twelve-month total of mining royalties revenue in segment’s history; 12.9% increase in revenue over calendar year 2021. First year with over $10 million in revenue as well as NOI.

| · | 37.98% increase in our pro-rata NOI ($24.23 million vs $17.56 million) compared to last year.

| · | Each segment’s highest revenue, operating profit, and NOI total since asset sale in 2018.

| · | Sale of Hickory Creek for $8.83 million on an investment of $6 million.

| · | Deal signed with Steuart Investment Company (SIC) and MidAtlantic Realty Partners (MRP) for development of ten mixed-use projects in Capitol Riverfront and Buzzard Point submarkets of Washington,

37

DC including sale of 20% ownership interest in tenancy-in-common (TIC) of Dock 79 and The Maren for $65.3 million, $44.5 million attributable to the Company.

Asset Management Segment.

The Asset Management segment owns, leases and manages commercial properties. These assets create revenue and cash flows through tenant rental payments, lease management fees and reimbursements for building operating costs. The Company’s industrial warehouses typically lease for terms ranging from 3 – 10 years often with 1 or 2 renewal options. All base rent revenue is recognized on a straight-lined basis. All of the commercial warehouse leases are triple net and common area maintenance costs (CAM Revenue) are billed monthly, and insurance and real estate taxes are billed annually. 34 Loveton is the only office product wherein all leases are full service therefore there is no CAM revenue. Office leases are also recognized on a straight-lined basis. The major cash outlays incurred in this segment are for operating expenses, real estate taxes, building repairs, lease commissions and other lease closing costs, construction of tenant improvements, capital to acquire existing operating buildings and closing costs related thereto and personnel costs of our property management team.

As of December 31, 2022, the Asset Management Segment includes eight buildings at four commercial properties owned by the Company in fee simple as follows:

1) 34 Loveton Circle in suburban Baltimore County, Maryland consists of one office building totaling 33,708 square feet which is 95.1% occupied (16% of the space is occupied by the Company for use as our Baltimore headquarters). The property is subject to commercial leases with various tenants.

2) 155 E. 21st Street in Duval County, Florida was an office building property that remains under lease through March 2026. We permitted the tenant to demolish all structures on the property during 2018.

3) Cranberry Run Business Park in Hartford County, Maryland consists of five office buildings totaling 267,737 square feet which are 100% occupied and 100% leased. The property is subject to commercial leases with various tenants.

4) Hollander 95 Business Park in Baltimore City, Maryland consists of two buildings totaling 145,590 square feet that were completed in the fourth quarter of 2021and are 100.0% leased and 45.4% occupied.

Management focuses on several factors to measure our success on a comparative basis in this segment. The major factors we focus on are (1) net operating income growth, (2) growth in occupancy, (3) average annual occupancy rate (defined as the occupied square feet at the end of each month during a fiscal year divided by the number of months to date in that fiscal year as a percentage of the average number of square feet in the portfolio over that same time period), (4) tenant retention success rate (as a percentage of total square feet to be renewed), (5) building and refurbishing assets to meet Class A and Class B institutional grade classifications, and (6) reducing complexities and deferred capital expenditures to maximize sale price.

Mining Royalty Lands Segment.

Our Mining Royalty Lands segment owns several properties comprising approximately 16,650 acres currently under lease for mining rents or royalties (excluding the 4,280 acres owned by our Brooksville joint venture with Vulcan Materials). Other than one location in Virginia, all of these properties are located in Florida and Georgia. The Company leases land under long-term leases that grant the lessee the right to mine and sell reserves from our property in exchange for royalty payments. A typical lease has an option to extend the lease for additional terms. The typical lease in this segment requires the tenant to pay us a royalty based on the number of tons of mined materials sold from our property during a given fiscal year multiplied by a percentage of the average annual sales price per ton sold. As a result of this royalty payment structure, we do not bear the cost risks associated with the mining operations, however, we are subject to the cyclical nature of the construction markets in these states as both volumes and prices tend to fluctuate through those cycles. In certain locations, typically where the reserves on our property have been depleted but the tenant still has a need for the leased land, we collect a minimum annual rental amount. We believe strongly in the potential for future growth in construction in Florida, Georgia, and Virginia which would positively benefit our profitability in this segment. In the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, a total of 9.5 million tons were mined.

38

The major expenses in this segment are comprised of collection and accounting for royalties, management’s oversight of the mining leases, land entitlement for post-mining uses and property taxes at our non-leased locations and at our Grandin location which, unlike our other leased mining locations, are not entirely paid by the tenant. As such, our costs in this business are very low as a percentage of revenue, are relatively stable and are not affected by increases in production at our locations. Our current mining tenants include Vulcan Materials, Martin Marietta, Cemex, Argos and The Concrete Company.

Additionally, these locations provide us with opportunities for valuable “second lives” for these assets through proper land planning and entitlement.

Significant “2nd life” Mining Lands:

Location | Acreage | Status
Brooksville, FL | 4,280 +/- | Development of Regional of Impact and County Land Use and Master Zoning in place for 5,800 residential unit, mixed-use development
Ft. Myers, FL | 1,907 +/- | Approval in place for 105, 1 acre, waterfront residential lots after mining completed.
Total | 6,187 +/- |

Development Segment.

Through our Development segment, we own and are continuously monitoring for their “highest and best use” several parcels of land that are in various stages of development. Our overall strategy in this segment is to convert all our non-income producing lands into income production through (i) an orderly process of constructing new commercial and residential buildings for us to own and operate or (ii) a sale to, or joint venture with, third parties. Additionally, our Development segment will purchase or form joint ventures on new developments of land not previously owned by the Company.

Revenues in this segment are generated predominately from land sales and interim property rents. The significant cash outlays incurred in this segment are for land acquisition costs, entitlement costs, property taxes, design and permitting, the personnel costs of our in-house management team and horizontal and vertical construction costs.

Development Segment – Warehouse/Office Land.

At December 31, 2022, this segment owned the following future development parcels:

| 1) | Six acres of horizontally developed land at Hollander Business Park in Baltimore City, Maryland with one 101,750 square feet industrial build-to-suit awaiting final certificate of occupancy.

| 2) | 54 acres of land that will be capable of supporting over 690,000 square feet of industrial product located at 1001 Old Philadelphia Road in Aberdeen, Maryland.

| 3) | 17 acres of land in Harford County, Maryland that can accommodate 259,000 square feet of industrial development.

| 4) | 170 acres of land in Cecil County, Maryland that can accommodate 900,000 square feet of industrial development.

We also have three properties that were either spun-off to us from Florida Rock Industries in 1986 or acquired by us from unrelated third parties. These properties, as a result of our “highest and best use” studies, are being prepared for income generation through sale or joint venture with third parties, and in certain cases we are leasing these properties on an interim basis for an income stream while we wait for the development market to mature.

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Development Segment - Significant Investment Lands Inventory:

Location | Approx. Acreage | Status | NBV
Riverfront on the Anacostia Phases III-IV | 2.5 | Conceptual design program ongoing | $6,209,000
Hampstead Trade Center, MD | 118 | Zoning applied for in preparation for sale | $10,178,000
Square 664E, on the Anacostia River in DC | 2 | Under lease to Vulcan Materials as a concrete batch plant through 2026 | $7,510,000
Total | 122.5 |  | $23,897,000

Development Segment - Investments in Joint Ventures

The third leg of our Development Segment consists of investments in joint venture for properties in development. The Company has investments in joint ventures, primarily with other real estate developers which are summarized below:

Property | JV Partner | Status | % Ownership
Brooksville Quarry, LLC near Brooksville, Florida | Vulcan Materials Company | Future planned residential development of 3,500 acres which are currently subject to mining lease | 50%
BC FRP Realty, LLC for 35 acres in Maryland | St John Properties | Development of 329,000 square feet multi-building business park in progress | 50%
Bryant Street Partnerships for 5 acres of land in Washington, D.C. | MRP Realty | Mixed-use development with 487 residential units and 91,661 square feet of retail partially completed | 61.36%
Aberdeen Station residential development in Harford County, Maryland |  | $31.1 million in exchange for an interest rate of 10% and a 20% preferred return after which the Company is also entitled to a portion of proceeds from sale | Financing
Amber Ridge residential development in Prince George’s County, Maryland |  | $18.5 million in exchange for an interest rate of 10% and a 20% preferred return after which the Company is also entitled to a portion of proceeds from sale | Financing
The Verge at 1800 Half Street property in Buzzard Point area of Washington, D.C. | MRP Realty | Construction of eleven-story structure with 344 apartments and 8,536 square feet of ground floor retail underway | 61.37%
.408 Jackson property in Greenville, SC | Woodfield Development | Construction of mixed-use project with 227 multifamily units and 4,539 square feet of retail space began in May 2020 | 40%
Estero | Woodfield Development | Mixed-use project with 554 multifamily units, 72,000 square feet of commercial space, 41,000 square feet of office space and a boutique 170-key hotel | 16%
FRP/MRP Buzzard Point Sponsor, LLC | MRP Realty | Pre-development activities for phase one of property owned by Steuart Investment Company (SIC) under a Contribution and Pre-Development Agreement between this partnership and SIC | 50%

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Joint ventures where FRP is not the primary beneficiary (including those in the Stabilized Joint Venture Segment) are reflected in the line “Investment in joint ventures” on the balance sheet and “Equity in loss of joint ventures” on the income statement. The following table summarizes the Company’s investments in unconsolidated joint ventures (in thousands):

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | The |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Company's |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Share of Profit |
|  | Common |  |  | Total |  |  | Total Assets of |  |  | Profit (Loss) |  |  | (Loss) of the |
|  | Ownership |  |  | Investment |  |  | The Partnership |  |  | Of the Partnership |  |  | Partnership |
As of December 31, 2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Brooksville Quarry, LLC |  | 50.00 | % | $ | 7,522 |  |  | 14,374 |  |  | (84 | ) |  | (42 | )
BC FRP Realty, LLC |  | 50.00 | % |  | 5,453 |  |  | 21,825 |  |  | (358 | ) |  | (175 | )
Buzzard Point Sponsor, LLC |  | 50.00 | % |  | 1,453 |  |  | 2,906 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Bryant Street Partnerships |  | 61.36 | % |  | 55,561 |  |  | 199,774 |  |  | (10,339 | ) |  | (6,829 | )
Lending ventures |  |  |  |  | 16,476 |  |  | 5,577 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
DST Hickory Creek |  | 26.65 | % |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 10,960 |  |  | 3,164 |
Estero Partnership |  | 16.00 | % |  | 3,600 |  |  | 38,505 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
1800 Half St. Owner, LLC |  | 61.37 | % |  | 38,471 |  |  | 131,128 |  |  | (1,841 | ) |  | (1,129 | )
Greenville Partnerships |  | 40.00 | % |  | 11,989 |  |  | 96,551 |  |  | (1,775 | ) |  | (710 | )
Total |  |  |  | $ | 140,525 |  |  | 510,640 |  |  | (3,437 | ) |  | (5,721 | )

The major classes of assets, liabilities and equity of the Company’s Investments in Joint Ventures as of December 31, 2022, are summarized in the following two tables (in thousands):

| As of December 31, 2022 |  | Total
| Buzzard Point |  | Bryant Street |  | Estero |  | 1800 Half St. |  | Greenville |  | Apartment/
| Sponsor, LLC |  | Partnership |  | Partnership |  | Partnership |  | Partnership |  | Mixed-Use
Investments in real estate, net | $ | 0 |  |  |  | 192,904 |  |  |  | 33,008 |  |  |  | 130,616 |  |  |  | 95,883 |  |  | $ | 452,411 |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | 0 |  |  |  | 1,349 |  |  |  | 5,497 |  |  |  | 359 |  |  |  | 567 |  |  |  | 7,772 |
Unrealized rents & receivables |  | 0 |  |  |  | 5,128 |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  | 14 |  |  |  | 13 |  |  |  | 5,155 |
Deferred costs |  | 2,906 |  |  |  | 393 |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  | 139 |  |  |  | 88 |  |  |  | 3,526 |
Total Assets | $ | 2,906 |  |  |  | 199,774 |  |  |  | 38,505 |  |  |  | 131,128 |  |  |  | 96,551 |  |  | $ | 468,864 |
Secured notes payable | $ | 0 |  |  |  | 129,263 |  |  |  | 16,000 |  |  |  | 66,584 |  |  |  | 64,954 |  |  | $ | 276,801 |
Other liabilities |  | 0 |  |  |  | 2,338 |  |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | 5,328 |  |  |  | 3,014 |  |  |  | 10,685 |
Capital - FRP |  | 1,453 |  |  |  | 53,553 |  |  |  | 3,600 |  |  |  | 36,348 |  |  |  | 11,087 |  |  |  | 106,041 |
Capital – Third Parties |  | 1,453 |  |  |  | 14,620 |  |  |  | 18,900 |  |  |  | 22,868 |  |  |  | 17,496 |  |  |  | 75,337 |
Total Liabilities and Capital | $ | 2,906 |  |  |  | 199,774 |  |  |  | 38,505 |  |  |  | 131,128 |  |  |  | 96,551 |  |  | $ | 468,864 |

| As of December 31, 2022 |  | Total |
| Brooksville |  | BC FRP |  | Lending |  | Apartment/ |  | Grand |
| Quarry, LLC |  | Realty, LLC |  | Ventures |  | Mixed-Use |  | Total |
Investments in real estate, net | $ | 14,307 |  |  | 21,059 |  |  | 5,547 |  |  | 452,411 |  | $ | 493,324 |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | 66 |  |  | 99 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 7,772 |  |  | 7,937 |
Unrealized rents & receivables |  | 0 |  |  | 422 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 5,155 |  |  | 5,577 |
Deferred costs |  | 1 |  |  | 245 |  |  | 30 |  |  | 3,526 |  |  | 3,802 |
Total Assets | $ | 14,374 |  |  | 21,825 |  |  | 5,577 |  |  | 468,864 |  | $ | 510,640 |
Secured notes payable | $ | 0 |  |  | 10,899 |  |  | (10,899 | ) |  | 276,801 |  | $ | 276,801 |
Other liabilities |  | 0 |  |  | 338 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 10,685 |  |  | 11,023 |
Capital – FRP |  | 7,522 |  |  | 5,294 |  |  | 16,476 |  |  | 106,041 |  |  | 135,333 |
Capital - Third Parties |  | 6,852 |  |  | 5,294 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 75,337 |  |  | 87,483 |
Total Liabilities and Capital | $ | 14,374 |  |  | 21,825 |  |  | 5,577 |  |  | 468,864 |  | $ | 510,640 |

41

Stabilized Joint Venture Segment.

At year end, the segment included three stabilized joint ventures which own, lease and manage buildings. These assets create revenue and cash flows through tenant rental payments, and reimbursements for building operating costs. The Company’s residential spaces generally lease for 12 – 15-month lease terms and 90 days prior to the expiration, as long as there is no balance due, the tenant is offered a renewal. If no notice to move out or renew is made, then the leases go to month to month until notification of termination or renewal is received. Renewal terms are typically 9 – 12 months. From March 2020 through the end of 2021, we were prohibited from increasing rent on renewals by emergency measures in Washington, DC designed to ease the burden of the pandemic on its citizens. These measures expired at the end of 2021. The Company also leases retail spaces at apartment/mixed-use properties. The retail leases are typically 10 -15-year leases with options to renew for another 5 years. Retail leases at these properties also include percentage rents which average 3-6% of annual sales for the tenant that exceed a breakpoint stipulated by each individual lease. All base rent revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis. The major cash outlays incurred in this segment are for property taxes, full service maintenance, property management, utilities and marketing. The three stabilized joint venture properties are as follows:

Property and Occupancy | JV Partner | Method of Accounting | % Ownership
Dock 79 apartments Washington, D.C. 305 apartment units and 14,430 square feet of retail | MRP Realty/SIC | Consolidated | 52.8%
The Maren apartments Washington, D.C. 264 residential units and 6,758 square feet of retail | MRP Realty/SIC | Consolidated as of March 31, 2021 | 56.33%
Riverside apartments 1430 Hampton Avenue, Greenville, SC | Woodfield Development | Equity Method | 40%

COMPARATIVE RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Consolidated Results

(dollars in thousands) | Twelve Months Ended December 31,
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | Change |  | %
Revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Lease revenue | $ | 26,798 |  |  | $ | 21,755 |  |  | $ | 5,043 |  |  |  | 23.2 | %
Mining lands lease revenue |  | 10,683 |  |  |  | 9,465 |  |  |  | 1,218 |  |  |  | 12.9 | %
Total Revenues |  | 37,481 |  |  |  | 31,220 |  |  |  | 6,261 |  |  |  | 20.1 | %
Cost of operations: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation/Depletion/Amortization |  | 11,217 |  |  |  | 12,737 |  |  |  | (1,520 | ) |  |  | -11.9 | %
Operating Expenses |  | 7,065 |  |  |  | 6,219 |  |  |  | 846 |  |  |  | 13.6 | %
Property Taxes |  | 4,125 |  |  |  | 3,751 |  |  |  | 374 |  |  |  | 10.0 | %
Management Company indirect |  | 3,416 |  |  |  | 3,168 |  |  |  | 248 |  |  |  | 7.8 | %
Corporate Expense |  | 3,662 |  |  |  | 3,071 |  |  |  | 591 |  |  |  | 19.2 | %
Total cost of operations |  | 29,485 |  |  |  | 28,946 |  |  |  | 539 |  |  |  | 1.9 | %
Total operating profit |  | 7,996 |  |  |  | 2,274 |  |  |  | 5,722 |  |  |  | 251.6 | %
Net investment income |  | 5,473 |  |  |  | 4,215 |  |  |  | 1,258 |  |  |  | 29.8 | %
Interest Expense |  | (3,045 | ) |  |  | (2,304 | ) |  |  | (741 | ) |  |  | 32.2 | %
Equity in loss of joint ventures |  | (5,721 | ) |  |  | (5,754 | ) |  |  | 33 |  |  |  | -0.6 | %
Gain on remeasurement of investment in real estate partnership |  | — |  |  |  | 51,139 |  |  |  | (51,139 | ) |  |  | -100.0 | %
Gain on sale of real estate |  | 874 |  |  |  | 805 |  |  |  | 69 |  |  |  | 8.6 | %
Income before income taxes |  | 5,577 |  |  |  | 50,375 |  |  |  | (44,798 | ) |  |  | -88.9 | %

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Provision for income taxes |  | 1,530 |  |  |  | 10,281 |  |  |  | (8,751 | ) |  |  | -85.1 | %
Net income |  | 4,047 |  |  |  | 40,094 |  |  |  | (36,047 | ) |  |  | -89.9 | %
(Loss) gain attributable to noncontrolling interest |  | (518 | ) |  |  | 11,879 |  |  |  | (12,397 | ) |  |  | -104.4 | %
Net income attributable to the Company | $ | 4,565 |  |  | $ | 28,215 |  |  | $ | (23,650 | ) |  |  | -83.8 | %

Net income attributable to the Company for 2022 was $4,565,000 or $.48 per share versus $28,215,000 or $3.00 per share in the same period last year. Net income for calendar year 2021 included a gain of $51.1 million on the remeasurement of investment in The Maren real estate partnership, which is included in Income before income taxes. This gain on remeasurement was mitigated by a $10.1 million provision for taxes and $14.0 million attributable to noncontrolling interest. The calendar year 2022 was impacted by the following items:

| · | The period includes $547,000 amortization expense compared to $3,899,000 in the same period last year. Amortization expense in 2021 was impacted by the $4,750,000 fair value of The Maren’s leases-in-place established when we booked this asset as part of the gain on remeasurement upon consolidation of this Joint Venture. The value placed on these leases was amortized over the life of the leases, which was on average one year.

| · | Net investment income increased $1,258,000 due to a $1,119,000 increase in interest earned on cash equivalents, a $199,000 increase in income from our lending ventures. Investment income was mitigated by a $60,000 decrease in preferred interest from our joint ventures due to the repayment of our preferred equity interest in The Maren.

| · | Interest expense increased $741,000 compared to the same quarter last year due to less capitalized interest. We capitalized less interest because of fewer in-house and joint venture projects under development this year compared to last year.

| · | Equity in loss of Joint Ventures decreased $33,000 due to a $2,832,000 gain on the sale of DST Hickory Creek mostly offset by increased depreciation and amortization at our joint ventures due to buildings placed in service.

| · | The period includes $874,000 in gain on sales of excess property at Brooksville compared to $805,000 for an easement and sale of excess property in the same segment in the prior year.

Asset Management Segment Results

|  | Twelve months ended December 31 |  |  |  |
(dollars in thousands) |  | 2022 |  | % |  | 2021 |  | % |  | Change |  | %
Lease revenue |  | $ | 3,681 |  |  |  | 100.0 | % |  |  | 2,575 |  |  |  | 100.0 | % |  |  | 1,106 |  |  |  | 43.0 | %
Depreciation, depletion and amortization |  |  | 907 |  |  |  | 24.6 | % |  |  | 578 |  |  |  | 22.4 | % |  |  | 329 |  |  |  | 56.9 | %
Operating expenses |  |  | 568 |  |  |  | 15.4 | % |  |  | 388 |  |  |  | 15.1 | % |  |  | 180 |  |  |  | 46.4 | %
Property taxes |  |  | 211 |  |  |  | 5.7 | % |  |  | 156 |  |  |  | 6.1 | % |  |  | 55 |  |  |  | 35.3 | %
Management company indirect |  |  | 403 |  |  |  | 11.0 | % |  |  | 841 |  |  |  | 32.7 | % |  |  | (438 | ) |  |  | -52.1 | %
Corporate expense |  |  | 632 |  |  |  | 17.2 | % |  |  | 843 |  |  |  | 32.7 | % |  |  | (211 | ) |  |  | -25.0 | %
Cost of operations |  |  | 2,721 |  |  |  | 73.9 | % |  |  | 2,806 |  |  |  | 109.0 | % |  |  | (85 | ) |  |  | -3.0 | %
Operating profit (loss) |  | $ | 960 |  |  |  | 26.1 | % |  |  | (231 | ) |  |  | -9.0 | % |  |  | 1,191 |  |  |  | -515.6 | %

Total revenues in this segment were $3,681,000, up $1,106,000 or 43.0%, over the same period last year. Operating profit was $960,000, up $1,191,000 from an operating loss of $(231,000) in the same period last year. Revenues and operating profit are up because of improved occupancy and rent growth at Cranberry Run and full occupancy at 1865 62nd Street which was placed into service in the fourth quarter of 2021. Net Operating Income this year for this segment was $2,666,000 up $751,000 or 39.2% compared to calendar year 2021.

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Mining Royalty Lands Segment Results

|  | Twelve months ended December 31 |  |  |  |
(dollars in thousands) |  | 2022 |  | % |  | 2021 |  | % |  | Change |  | %
Mining lands lease revenue |  | $ | 10,683 |  |  |  | 100.0 | % |  |  | 9,465 |  |  |  | 100.0 | % |  |  | 1,218 |  |  |  | 12.9 | %
Depreciation, depletion and amortization |  |  | 586 |  |  |  | 5.5 | % |  |  | 199 |  |  |  | 2.1 | % |  |  | 387 |  |  |  | 194.5 | %
Operating expenses |  |  | 67 |  |  |  | 0.6 | % |  |  | 47 |  |  |  | 0.5 | % |  |  | 20 |  |  |  | 42.6 | %
Property taxes |  |  | 262 |  |  |  | 2.5 | % |  |  | 264 |  |  |  | 2.8 | % |  |  | (2 | ) |  |  | -0.8 | %
Management company indirect |  |  | 463 |  |  |  | 4.3 | % |  |  | 397 |  |  |  | 4.2 | % |  |  | 66 |  |  |  | 16.6 | %
Corporate expense |  |  | 414 |  |  |  | 3.9 | % |  |  | 318 |  |  |  | 3.3 | % |  |  | 96 |  |  |  | 30.2 | %
Cost of operations |  |  | 1,792 |  |  |  | 16.8 | % |  |  | 1,225 |  |  |  | 12.9 | % |  |  | 567 |  |  |  | 46.3 | %
Operating profit |  | $ | 8,891 |  |  |  | 83.2 | % |  |  | 8,240 |  |  |  | 87.1 | % |  |  | 651 |  |  |  | 7.9 | %

Total revenues in this segment were $10,683,000 versus $9,465,000 in the same period last year. Total operating profit in this segment was $8,891,000, an increase of $651,000 versus $8,240,000 in the same period last year. This increase is primarily the result of the additional royalties from the acquisition in Astatula, Florida, which we completed at the beginning of the second quarter.

Development Segment Results

|  | Twelve months ended December 31 |
(dollars in thousands) |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | Change |
Lease revenue |  | $ | 1,674 |  |  |  | 1,563 |  |  |  | 111 |  |
Depreciation, depletion and amortization |  |  | 189 |  |  |  | 208 |  |  |  | (19 | ) |
Operating expenses |  |  | 672 |  |  |  | 976 |  |  |  | (304 | ) |
Property taxes |  |  | 1,425 |  |  |  | 1,438 |  |  |  | (13 | ) |
Management company indirect |  |  | 2,179 |  |  |  | 1,489 |  |  |  | 690 |  |
Corporate expense |  |  | 2,284 |  |  |  | 1,557 |  |  |  | 727 |  |
Cost of operations |  |  | 6,749 |  |  |  | 5,668 |  |  |  | 1,081 |  |
Operating loss |  | $ | (5,075 | ) |  |  | (4,105 | ) |  |  | (970 | ) |
Equity in loss of Joint Venture |  |  | (8,310 | ) |  |  | (5,427 | ) |  |  | (2,883 | ) |
Interest earned |  |  | 3,600 |  |  |  | 3,427 |  |  |  | 173 |  |
Loss from continuing operations before income taxes |  | $ | (9,785 | ) |  |  | (6,105 | ) |  |  | (3,680 | ) |

The Development segment is responsible for (i) seeking out and identifying opportunistic purchases of income producing warehouse/office buildings, and (ii) developing our non-income producing properties into income production.

With respect to ongoing projects:

| · | We are the principal capital source of a residential development venture in Prince George’s County, Maryland known as “Amber Ridge.” Of the $18.5 million in committed capital to the project, $16.9 million in principal draws have taken place through quarter end. Through the end of 2022, 135 of the 187 units have been sold, and we have received $16.6 million in preferred interest and principal to date.

| · | Bryant Street is a mixed-use joint venture between the Company and MRP in Washington, DC consisting of four buildings, The Coda, The Chase 1A, The Chase 1B, and one commercial building 90% leased to an Alamo Draft House movie theater. At quarter end, the Coda was 93.51% leased and 92.86% occupied, The Chase 1B was 86.96% leased and 87.58% occupied, and The Chase 1A was 88.37% leased and 88.37% occupied. In total, at

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quarter end, Bryant Street’s 487 residential units were 89.5% leased and 89.5% occupied. Its commercial space was 84.2% leased and 71.4% occupied at quarter end.

| · | Lease-up is now underway at The Verge. We have temporary certificates of occupancy for all eleven floors and anticipate the final certificate of occupancy in the first quarter of 2023. The Verge was 13.7% leased and 9.6% occupied at year end. Retail at this location is 85% leased. This is our third mixed-use project in the Anacostia waterfront submarket in Washington, DC.

| · | .408 Jackson is our second joint venture project in Greenville and received its temporary certificate of occupancy in December 2022. Leasing began in the fourth quarter of 2022 with residential units 21.6% leased and 4.9% occupied at quarter end. Retail at this location is 100% leased.

| · | Grading and building permits for a 258,545 square-foot warehouse building on Chelsea Road in Aberdeen, Maryland were submitted to the governing agencies for approval.

| · | In October, we received initial approval for the annexation into Aberdeen, Maryland of our property adjacent to Cranberry Run Business Park. In December, this annexation was finalized and rendered unappealable. This 54-acre site will support up to 690,000 square feet of warehouse development.

| · | All inspections for the build to suit warehouse project totaling 101,750 square-foot, located at 1941 62nd Street in Baltimore City, were complete except for final occupancy inspections.

| · | Subsequent to the end of the quarter, we financed the purchase of what will be our next lending venture. We are the principal capital source of a residential development venture in Aberdeen, Maryland known as “Aberdeen Overlook.” We have committed $31.1 million in exchange for an interest rate of 10% and a preferred return of 20% after which a “waterfall” determines the split of proceeds from sale. Aberdeen Overlook will hold 159 townhomes, 122 single family homes, and 63 villa homes. We are currently pursuing entitlements and have a homebuilder under contract to purchase all 344 lots upon completion of development infrastructure.

Stabilized Joint Venture Segment Results

|  | Twelve months ended December 31 |  |  |  |
(dollars in thousands) |  | 2022 |  | % |  | 2021 |  | % |  | Change |  | %
Lease revenue |  | $ | 21,443 |  |  |  | 100.0 | % |  |  | 17,617 |  |  |  | 100.0 | % |  |  | 3,826 |  |  |  | 21.7 | %
Depreciation, depletion and amortization |  |  | 9,535 |  |  |  | 44.5 | % |  |  | 11,752 |  |  |  | 66.7 | % |  |  | (2,217 | ) |  |  | -18.9 | %
Operating expenses |  |  | 5,758 |  |  |  | 26.9 | % |  |  | 4,808 |  |  |  | 27.3 | % |  |  | 950 |  |  |  | 19.8 | %
Property taxes |  |  | 2,227 |  |  |  | 10.4 | % |  |  | 1,893 |  |  |  | 10.8 | % |  |  | 334 |  |  |  | 17.6 | %
Management company indirect |  |  | 371 |  |  |  | 1.7 | % |  |  | 441 |  |  |  | 2.5 | % |  |  | (70 | ) |  |  | -15.9 | %
Corporate expense |  |  | 332 |  |  |  | 1.5 | % |  |  | 353 |  |  |  | 2.0 | % |  |  | (21 | ) |  |  | -5.9 | %
Cost of operations |  |  | 18,223 |  |  |  | 85.0 | % |  |  | 19,247 |  |  |  | 109.3 | % |  |  | (1,024 | ) |  |  | -5.3 | %
Operating profit (loss) |  | $ | 3,220 |  |  |  | 15.0 | % |  |  | (1,630 | ) |  |  | -9.3 | % |  |  | 4,850 |  |  |  | -297.5 | %

In March 2021, we reached stabilization on Phase II (The Maren) of the development known as RiverFront on the Anacostia in Washington, DC. As such, as of March 31, 2021, the Company consolidated the assets (at current fair value based on appraisal), liabilities and operating results of the joint venture. Up through the first quarter of the prior year, accounting for The Maren was reflected in Equity in loss of joint ventures on the Consolidated Statements of Income. Starting April 1, 2021, all the revenue and expenses are accounted for in the same manner as Dock 79 in the stabilized joint venture segment.

Total revenues in this segment were $21,443,000, an increase of $3,826,000 versus $17,617,000 in the same period last year. The Maren’s revenue was $10,045,000 and Dock 79 revenues increased $770,000 to $11,398,000. Total operating profit in this segment was $3,220,000, an increase of $4,850,000 versus an operating loss of $(1,630,000) in the same period last year. Pro-rata net operating income for this segment was $9,469,000, up $1,379,000 or 17.05% compared to the same period last year. All of these increases over last year are primarily due to The Maren’s consolidation into this segment in March 31, 2021.

Fourth quarter, as part of our new partnership with SIC and MRP, we sold a 20% ownership interest in a tenancy-in-

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common (IC) of Dock 79 and The Maren for $65.3 million, $44.5 million attributable to the Company, placing a combined valuation of the two buildings at $326.5 million.

At the end of December, The Maren was 92.80% leased and 96.59% occupied. The Maren’s average residential occupancy for calendar year 2022 was 95.69%, and 61.45% of expiring leases renewed with an average rent increase on renewals of 8.17%. The Maren is a joint venture between the Company and MRP and SIC, in which FRP Holdings, Inc. is the majority partner with 56.3% ownership.

Dock 79’s average residential occupancy for calendar year 2022 was 95.13%, and at the end of the year, Dock 79’s residential units were 93.44% leased and 90.49% occupied. Through the year, 61.40% of expiring leases renewed with a 5.91% increase on renewals. Dock 79 is a joint venture between the Company and MRP and SIC, in which FRP Holdings, Inc. is the majority partner with 52.8% ownership.

Third quarter we achieved stabilization at our Riverside Joint Venture in Greenville South Carolina, meaning that the building had 90% occupancy for 90 days. The building’s 200 residential units were 98% leased with 92.5% occupancy at year end. The joint venture was also able to achieve permanent financing in third quarter of 2022. The $32 million loan is interest only for five years with a term of eight years at a fixed rate of 4.92% with no prepayment penalty after three years. Riverside is a joint venture with Woodfield Development and the Company owns 40% of the venture.

Hickory Creek DST was sold and the Company received $8.83 million from the sale on an investment of $6 million. Prior to the sale distributions to the Company were $332,000 for the year.

Summary and Outlook

Mining royalties had its highest revenue quarter ever providing a fitting capstone to a year that saw both royalty revenue and NOI surpass $10 million for the first time. The extent to which royalty revenue in 2022 eclipsed the previous year (12.9% improvement) or any year (12.7% improvement over 2020, previously the segment’s highest revenue year) is due in large part to the purchase of the Bland property in April 2022. However, even without the addition of this latest royalty property, 2022 would have been the segment’s best revenue year. It is management’s belief that the performance of this segment this year and over the last several years (8.1% cumulative aggregate growth rate since 2017) speaks not only to the attractiveness of the aggregates industry as an investment, but also to the quality of our assets and operating tenants.

This year, 61.45% of expiring leases at Maren renewed with an average increase on renewals of 8.17%, and 61.40% of expiring leases renewed at Dock 79 with an average increase of 5.91%. When we could not renew an existing residential lease, we saw a year-to-date increase in rent on those “trade outs” of 7.4% at The Maren and 12.6% at Dock 79. With this being the first full year with The Maren in this segment, the 17% increase in NOI for this segment is mostly attributable to an additional quarter of The Maren operating versus last year. However, the ability to raise rents on renewals while retaining tenants at the rate that we did both Dock 79 and The Maren played a meaningful part in increasing NOI. As mentioned previously, Steuart Investment Company is now a 20% partner in these assets. We are enthusiastic about this partnership, and the combined valuation ($326.5 million) SIC placed on these assets through its investment demonstrates that our new partners have every bit as much faith in these assets as we do.

The Asset Management segment performed well in 2022. All of our industrial assets are 100% leased, and six of the seven buildings in service are 100% occupied. The uptick in occupancy, particularly at Cranberry, largely explains the increase in revenue, operating profit, and NOI in 2022, as well as the fact that this is the best year this segment has experienced since we sold the bulk of our industrial portfolio in 2018. Looking forward into 2023, we expect our last two buildings at Hollander (a build to suit, and a spec building currently 100% leased but 0% occupied) to achieve occupancy sometime in the first half of next year, which will increase our occupied square footage for industrial by 54.3% and will positively impact revenue, operating profit, and NOI for some time.

Financially, operationally, and strategically, 2022 was a big year for the Company. The Bland property was our first addition to the mining royalties segment since 2012 and only our second acquisition since 1986, and it was instrumental in the segment achieving the results it did this past year. This year, we secured permanent financing on Riverside and completed construction and began lease-up on The Verge and .408 Jackson. 2022 saw the purchase of a new site in Cecil

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County Maryland capable of supporting 900,000 square feet of industrial development and the annexation into the town of Aberdeen, Maryland of our property at 1001 Old Philadelphia Road which begins the process of 690,000 square feet of industrial development at that site. Each segment achieved its highest revenue, operating profit, and NOI total since the asset sale in 2018. However, the biggest news of 2022 came at the beginning of the fourth quarter when we finalized the details of our agreement with SIC and MRP. If all goes according to plan, this partnership will be developing assets together for well over a decade and in the end will have over three million square feet of mixed-use development in DC’s Capitol Riverfront and Buzzard Point submarkets. With 3,000 residential units and 150,000 square feet of retail spread amongst ten distinct multifamily projects on or adjacent to the water, this is a unique opportunity to expand upon our existing footprint in DC and end up controlling nearly every asset visible from the south entrance to the nation’s capital.

On a macro level, the immediate future remains unclear. On any given day, we are treated with predictions and prognostications that cover every shade of the economic color wheel. Inflation and rising interest rates appear to be our reality for at least the immediate future, yet so do low unemployment and job growth. Regardless of whatever the immediate future holds, it is our belief that with the assets we have in place, the partners we have chosen, and the steps we have made to ensure deliberate, responsible growth over the long haul, your company is on its way to building something very special.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

The growth of the Company’s businesses requires significant cash needs to acquire and develop land or operating buildings and to construct new buildings and tenant improvements. As of December 31, 2022, we had $177,497,000 of cash and cash equivalents. As of December 31, 2022, we had no debt borrowed under our $20 million Wells Fargo revolver, $562,000 outstanding under letters of credit and $19,438,000 available to borrow under the revolver. On March 19, 2021, the Company refinanced Dock 79 and The Maren projects pursuant to separate Loan Agreements and Deed of Trust Notes entered into with Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association of America, LLC. Dock 79 and The Maren borrowed principal sums of $92,070,000 and $88,000,000 respectively, in connection with the refinancing.

Cash Flows - The following table summarizes our cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities for each of the periods presented (in thousands of dollars):

|  | Years ended December 31,
|  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Total cash provided by (used for): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating activities |  |  | 22,338 |  |  |  | 22,242 |  |  |  | 18,613 |
Investing activities |  |  | (23,196 | ) |  |  | 66,601 |  |  |  | 50,527 |
Financing activities |  |  | 16,834 |  |  |  | (1,231 | ) |  |  | (21,838 | )
Increase in cash and cash equivalents |  |  | 15,976 |  |  |  | 87,612 |  |  |  | 47,302 |
Outstanding debt at the beginning of the period |  |  | 178,409 |  |  |  | 89,964 |  |  |  | 88,925 |
Outstanding debt at the end of the period |  |  | 178,557 |  |  |  | 178,409 |  |  |  | 89,964 |

Operating Activities - Net cash provided by operating activities in 2022 was $22,338,000 versus $22,242,000 in the same period last year. The Gain on remeasurement of investment in real estate partnership and related deferred income taxes were both non-cash adjustments to net income to arrive at net cash provided by operating activities in 2021.

Net cash provided by operating activities in 2021 was $22,242,000 versus $18,613,000 in 2020. The Gain on remeasurement of investment in real estate partnership and related deferred income taxes were both non-cash adjustments to net income to arrive at net cash provided by operating activities in 2021.

As of December 31, 2022 the company had deferred taxes of approximately $31 million associated with $112 million of gains on sales reinvested through Opportunity Zone investments. These taxes are deferred until the earlier of the sale of the related investments or December 31, 2026 and 10% of gains are excluded from tax once the investments are held five years plus an additional 5% is excluded at seven years.

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Investing Activities – Net cash used in investing activities in 2022 was $23,196,000 versus cash provided by investing activities of $66,601,000 in 2021. The decrease was due primarily due to increased investment in properties of $11 million, increased investments in joint ventures of $8 million and reduced proceeds from sales of corporate bonds of $65.6 million. In 2022 the Company invested $11 million in mining land and $11 million to pay off debt in our BC Realty, LLC joint venture.

Net cash provided by investing activities in 2021 was $66,601,000 versus $50,527,000 in 2020. The increase was due primarily due to a return of our preferred equity financing with interest of $16.1 million from The Maren, $5.3 million return of capital from Amber Ridge, $24.6 million decrease in purchases of corporate bonds due to lack of attractive investment opportunities, and $3.7 million for cash on the books of The Maren upon consolidation mostly offset by a $15.9 million decrease on maturities and sales of our corporate bond portfolio and the $18.3 million decrease in proceeds from the sale of assets as the prior year included the sale of the three remaining lots at our Lakeside Business Park, 1801 62nd Street, Gulf Hammock, and 87 acres from our Ft. Myers property.

At December 31, 2022, the Company was invested in U.S. Treasury notes valued at $161,585,000 maturing in late 2023. The unrealized loss on these investments of $1,903,000 was recorded as part of comprehensive income and was based on the estimated market value by Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. (Level 1).

Financing Activities – Net cash provided by financing activities was $16,834,000 versus cash required by financing activities of $1,231,000 in the same period last year primarily due the $27.9 million contribution for 20% ownership of Dock & Maren by our new limited partner (less $9.3 million distributed to MRP) and prior year refinancing of Dock 79 for $1.4 million more net of debt issuance costs than the amount matured.

Net cash required by financing activities was $1,231,000 in 2021 versus $21,838,000 in 2020 primarily due the refinancing of Dock 79 for $1.4 million more net of debt issuance costs than the amount matured and $21.0 million lower repurchases of company stock.

Credit Facilities - On February 6, 2019, the Company entered into a First Amendment to the 2015 Credit Agreement (the "Credit Agreement") with Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. (Wells Fargo”). The Credit Agreement modifies the Company’s prior Credit Agreement with Wells Fargo, dated January 30, 2015. The Credit Agreement establishes a five-year revolving credit facility with a maximum facility amount of $20 million. The interest rate under the Credit Agreement will be a maximum of 1.50% over Daily 1-Month LIBOR, which may be reduced quarterly to 1.25% or 1.0% over Daily 1-Month LIBOR if the Company meets a specified ratio of consolidated total debt to consolidated total capital. A commitment fee of 0.25% per annum is payable quarterly on the unused portion of the commitment but the amount may be reduced to 0.20% or 0.15% if the Company meets a specified ratio of consolidated total debt to consolidated total capital. The credit agreement contains certain conditions and financial covenants, including a minimum tangible net worth and dividend restriction. As of December 31, 2022, these covenants would have limited our ability to pay dividends to a maximum of $249 million combined.

On March 19, 2021, the Company refinanced Dock 79 and The Maren projects pursuant to separate Loan Agreements and Deed of Trust Notes entered into with Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association of America, LLC. Dock 79 and The Maren borrowed principal sums of $92,070,000 and $88,000,000 respectively, in connection with the refinancing. The loans are separately secured by the Dock 79 and The Maren real property and improvements, bear a fixed interest rate of 3.03% per annum, and require monthly payments of interest only with the principal in full due April 1, 2033. Either loan may be prepaid subsequent to April 1, 2024, subject to yield maintenance premiums. Either loan may be transferred to a qualified buyer as part of a one-time sale subject to a 60% loan to value, minimum of 7.5% debt yield and a 0.75% transfer fee. Effective March 31, 2021, the Company consolidated the assets (at current fair value), liabilities and operating results of our Riverfront Investment Partners II, LLC partnership (The Maren) which was previously accounted for under the equity method. As such the full amount of our mortgage loan was recorded in the consolidated financial statements.

Cash Requirements – The Company expended capital of $27,615,000 during 2022 for real estate development including investments in joint ventures and the purchase of mining property. These capital expenditures were funded from cash and investments on hand, cash generated from operations and property sales, or borrowings under our credit facilities. The Company expects to invest $83 million into our existing real estate holdings and partnerships as well as new real estate assets and joint ventures during 2023, with such capital being funded from cash and investments on hand, cash generated

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from operations and property sales, or borrowings under our credit facilities. Rising interest rates and cost inflation will require that we closely scrutinize these investments before pulling the trigger on them.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures.

To supplement the financial results presented in accordance with GAAP, FRP presents certain non-GAAP financial measures within the meaning of Regulation G promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission. We believe these non-GAAP measures provide useful information to our Board of Directors, management and investors regarding certain trends relating to our financial condition and results of operations. Our management uses these non-GAAP measures to compare our performance to that of prior periods for trend analysis, purposes of determining management incentive compensation and budgeting, forecasting and planning purposes. We provide Pro-rata net operating income (NOI) because we believe it assists investors and analysis in estimating our economic interest in our consolidated and unconsolidated partnerships, when read in conjunction with our reported results under GAAP. This measure is not, and should not be viewed as, a substitute for GAAP financial measures.

Pro-Rata Net Operating Income Reconciliation |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Twelve months ended 12/31/22 (in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  | Stabilized |  |  |  |  |  |
| Asset |  |  |  | Joint |  | Mining |  | Unallocated |  | FRP
| Management |  | Development |  | Venture |  | Royalties |  | Corporate |  | Holdings
| Segment |  | Segment |  | Segment |  | Segment |  | Expenses |  | Totals
Net Income (loss) | $ | 700 |  |  |  | (7,138 | ) |  |  | 1,938 |  |  |  | 7,093 |  |  |  | 1,454 |  |  |  | 4,047 |
Income Tax Allocation |  | 260 |  |  |  | (2,647 | ) |  |  | 910 |  |  |  | 2,630 |  |  |  | 377 |  |  |  | 1,530 |
Income (loss) before income taxes |  | 960 |  |  |  | (9,785 | ) |  |  | 2,848 |  |  |  | 9,723 |  |  |  | 1,831 |  |  |  | 5,577 |
Less: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gain on investment land sold |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 874 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 874 |
Unrealized rents |  | 236 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (71 | ) |  |  | 202 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 367 |
Interest income |  | — |  |  |  | 3,600 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,873 |  |  |  | 5,473 |
Plus: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equity in (gain)/loss of Joint Venture |  | — |  |  |  | 8,310 |  |  |  | (2,631 | ) |  |  | 42 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 5,721 |
Interest Expense |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,003 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 42 |  |  |  | 3,045 |
Depreciation/Amortization |  | 907 |  |  |  | 189 |  |  |  | 9,535 |  |  |  | 586 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 11,217 |
Management Co. Indirect |  | 403 |  |  |  | 2,179 |  |  |  | 371 |  |  |  | 463 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,416 |
Allocated Corporate Expenses |  | 632 |  |  |  | 2,284 |  |  |  | 332 |  |  |  | 414 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,662 |
Net Operating Income (loss) |  | 2,666 |  |  |  | (423 | ) |  |  | 13,529 |  |  |  | 10,152 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 25,924 |
NOI of noncontrolling interest |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (4,595 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (4,595 | )
Pro-rata NOI from unconsolidated joint ventures |  | — |  |  |  | 2,366 |  |  |  | 535 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,901 |
Pro-Rata net operating income | $ | 2,666 |  |  |  | 1,943 |  |  |  | 9,469 |  |  |  | 10,152 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 24,230 |

Net Operating Income Reconciliation |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Twelve months ended 12/31/21 (in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  | Stabilized |  |  |  |  |  |
| Asset |  |  |  | Joint |  | Mining |  | Unallocated |  | FRP
| Management |  | Development |  | Venture |  | Royalties |  | Corporate |  | Holdings
| Segment |  | Segment |  | Segment |  | Segment |  | Expenses |  | Totals
Pro-Rata Net Income (loss) | $ | (187 | ) |  |  | (4,454 | ) |  |  | 37,472 |  |  |  | 6,587 |  |  |  | 676 |  |  |  | 40,094 |
Income Tax Allocation |  | (70 | ) |  |  | (1,651 | ) |  |  | 9,490 |  |  |  | 2,443 |  |  |  | 69 |  |  |  | 10,281 |
Income (loss) before income taxes |  | (257 | ) |  |  | (6,105 | ) |  |  | 46,962 |  |  |  | 9,030 |  |  |  | 745 |  |  |  | 50,375 |
Less: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gain on remeasurement of real estate investment |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 51,139 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 51,139 |
Gain on investment land sold |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 831 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 831 |
Unrealized rents |  | 116 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100 |  |  |  | 219 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 435 |
Interest income |  | — |  |  |  | 3,427 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 788 |  |  |  | 4,215 |
Plus: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loss on sale of land |  | 26 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 26 |
Equity in loss of Joint Venture |  | — |  |  |  | 5,427 |  |  |  | 286 |  |  |  | 41 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 5,754 |
Interest Expense |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,261 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 43 |  |  |  | 2,304 |
Depreciation/Amortization |  | 578 |  |  |  | 208 |  |  |  | 11,752 |  |  |  | 199 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 12,737 |
Management Co. Indirect |  | 841 |  |  |  | 1,489 |  |  |  | 441 |  |  |  | 397 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,168 |
Allocated Corporate Expenses |  | 843 |  |  |  | 1,557 |  |  |  | 353 |  |  |  | 318 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,071 |
Net Operating Income (loss) |  | 1,915 |  |  |  | (851 | ) |  |  | 10,816 |  |  |  | 8,935 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 20,815 |
NOI of noncontrolling interest |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2,726 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2,726 | )
Pro-rata NOI from unconsolidated joint ventures |  | — |  |  |  | (528 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (528 | )
Pro-Rata net operating income | $ | 1,915 |  |  |  | (1,379 | ) |  |  | 8,090 |  |  |  | 8,935 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 17,561 |

49

OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS

The Company has outstanding letters of credit described above under “Liquidity and Capital Resources.” The Company has guaranteed debt as described above under Note 12 Contingent Liabilities. The Company unconsolidated Joint Ventures have debt as scheduled under “Investments in Joint Ventures”. The Company does not have any other off-balance sheet arrangements that either have, or are reasonably likely to have, a current or future material effect on its financial condition.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Management of the Company considers the following accounting policies critical to the reported operations of the Company:

Accounts Receivable and Unrealized Rents Valuation. The Company is subject to customer credit risk that could affect the collection of outstanding accounts receivable and unrealized rents, that is rents recorded on a straight-lined basis. To mitigate these risks, the Company performs credit reviews on all new customers and periodic credit reviews on existing customers. A detailed analysis of late and slow pay customers is prepared monthly and reviewed by senior management. The overall collectibility of outstanding receivables and straight-lined rents is evaluated and allowances are recorded as appropriate. Significant changes in customer credit could require increased allowances and affect cash flows.

Net Real Estate Investments and Impairment of Assets. Net real estate investments are recorded at cost less accumulated depreciation and depletion. Provision for depreciation of Net real estate investments is computed using the straight-line method based on the following estimated useful lives:

| Years |
Buildings and improvements | 3-39 |

Depletion of sand and stone deposits is computed on the basis of units of production in relation to estimated reserves.

The Company periodically reviews net real estate investments for potential impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate the carrying amount of a long-lived asset may not be recoverable. This review consists of comparing cap rates on recent cash flows and market value estimates to the carrying values of each asset group. If this review indicates the carrying value might exceed fair value then an estimate of future cash flows for the remaining useful life of each property is prepared considering anticipated vacancy, lease rates, and any future capital expenditures. Changes in estimates or assumptions could have an impact on the Company’s financials.

All direct and indirect costs, including interest and real estate taxes, associated with the development, construction, leasing or expansion of real estate investments are capitalized as a development cost of the property. Included in indirect costs is an estimate of internal costs associated with development and rental of real estate investments. Changes in estimates or assumptions could have an impact on the Company’s financials.

Accounting for Real Estate Investments. The Company accounts for its real estate investments which are not wholly owned using either the cost method, the equity method or by consolidation with related non-controlling interest. Consolidation is required if the Company controls an investment and is the primary beneficiary. Equity method is required when the Company has significant influence over the operating and financial policies of the investment but is not in control or not the primary beneficiary. Cost method applies when the Company does not have significant influence of the operating and financial policies. Significant judgment is required and regular review as the facts change.

Income Taxes. The Company accounts for income taxes under the asset-and-liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities represent items that will result in taxable income or a tax deduction in future years for which the related tax expense or benefit has already been recorded in our statement of earnings. Deferred tax accounts arise as a result of timing differences between when items are recognized in the Consolidated Financial Statements compared with when they are recognized in the tax returns. The Company assesses the likelihood that deferred tax assets will be recovered from future taxable income. To the extent recovery is not probable, a valuation allowance is established and included as

50

an expense as part of our income tax provision. No valuation allowance was recorded at December 31, 2022, as all deferred tax assets are considered more likely than not to be realized. Significant judgment is required in determining and assessing the impact of complex tax laws and certain tax-related contingencies on the provision for income taxes. As part of the calculation of the provision for income taxes, we assess whether the benefits of our tax positions are at least more likely than not of being sustained upon audit based on the technical merits of the tax position. For tax positions that are more likely than not of being sustained upon audit, we accrue the largest amount of the benefit that is more likely than not of being sustained in our consolidated financial statements. Such accruals require estimates and judgments, whereby actual results could vary materially from these estimates. Further, a number of years may elapse before a particular matter, for which an established accrual was made, is audited and resolved.

INFLATION

Most of the Company’s operating expenses are inflation-sensitive, with inflation generally producing increased costs of operations. Substantially all of the Company’s royalty agreements are based on a percentage of the sales price of the related mined items. Minimum royalties and substantially all lease agreements provide escalation provisions.

51

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME – Years ended December 31

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

|  | Years Ended December 31, |
|  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |
Revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Lease revenue |  | $ | 26,798 |  |  |  | 21,755 |  |  |  | 14,106 |
Mining Royalty and rents |  |  | 10,683 |  |  |  | 9,465 |  |  |  | 9,477 |
Total Revenues |  |  | 37,481 |  |  |  | 31,220 |  |  |  | 23,583 |
Cost of operations: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation, depletion and amortization |  |  | 11,217 |  |  |  | 12,737 |  |  |  | 5,828 |
Operating expenses |  |  | 7,065 |  |  |  | 6,219 |  |  |  | 3,333 |
Property taxes |  |  | 4,125 |  |  |  | 3,751 |  |  |  | 2,826 |
Management company indirect |  |  | 3,416 |  |  |  | 3,168 |  |  |  | 2,951 |
Corporate expenses (Note 3 Related Party) |  |  | 3,662 |  |  |  | 3,071 |  |  |  | 3,511 |
Total cost of operations |  |  | 29,485 |  |  |  | 28,946 |  |  |  | 18,449 |
Total operating profit |  |  | 7,996 |  |  |  | 2,274 |  |  |  | 5,134 |
Net investment income, including realized gains of $0, $0, and $298, respectively |  |  | 5,473 |  |  |  | 4,215 |  |  |  | 7,415 |
Interest expense |  |  | (3,045 | ) |  |  | (2,304 | ) |  |  | (1,100 | )
Equity in loss of joint ventures |  |  | (5,721 | ) |  |  | (5,754 | ) |  |  | (5,690 | )
Gain on remeasurement of investment in real estate partnership |  |  | — |  |  |  | 51,139 |  |  |  | — |
Gain on sale of real estate |  |  | 874 |  |  |  | 805 |  |  |  | 9,170 |
Income before income taxes |  |  | 5,577 |  |  |  | 50,375 |  |  |  | 14,929 |
Provision for income taxes |  |  | 1,530 |  |  |  | 10,281 |  |  |  | 3,207 |
Net income |  |  | 4,047 |  |  |  | 40,094 |  |  |  | 11,722 |
(Loss) gain attributable to noncontrolling interest |  |  | (518 | ) |  |  | 11,879 |  |  |  | (993 | )
Net income attributable to the Company |  | $ | 4,565 |  |  |  | 28,215 |  |  |  | 12,715 |
Earnings per common share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net Income attributable to the Company - |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  | $ | 0.49 |  |  |  | 3.02 |  |  |  | 1.33 |
Diluted |  | $ | 0.48 |  |  |  | 3.00 |  |  |  | 1.32 |
Number of shares (in thousands) used in computing: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
-basic earnings per common share |  |  | 9,386 |  |  |  | 9,355 |  |  |  | 9,580 |
-diluted earnings per common share |  |  | 9,435 |  |  |  | 9,397 |  |  |  | 9,609 |

See accompanying notes.

52

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME – Years ended December 31

(In thousands)

|  | Years Ended December 31,
|  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Net income |  | $ | 4,047 |  |  |  | 40,094 |  |  |  | 11,722 |
Other comprehensive income (loss) net of tax: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized loss on investments, net of income tax effect of $(504), $(194) and $(145) |  |  | (1,358 | ) |  |  | (524 | ) |  |  | (391 | )
Minimum pension liability, net of income tax effect of $(11), $(15) and $53 |  |  | (31 | ) |  |  | (38 | ) |  |  | 143 |
Comprehensive income |  | $ | 2,658 |  |  |  | 39,532 |  |  |  | 11,474 |
Less comp. income attributable to noncontrolling interest |  |  | (518 | ) |  |  | 11,879 |  |  |  | (993 | )
Comprehensive income attributable to the Company |  | $ | 3,176 |  |  |  | 27,653 |  |  |  | 12,467 |

See accompanying notes.

53

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS – As of December 31

(In thousands, except share data)

|  | December 31 |  | December 31
Assets: |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Real estate investments at cost: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Land |  | $ | 141,579 |  |  |  | 123,397 |
Buildings and improvements |  |  | 270,579 |  |  |  | 265,278 |
Projects under construction |  |  | 12,208 |  |  |  | 8,668 |
Total investments in properties |  |  | 424,366 |  |  |  | 397,343 |
Less accumulated depreciation and depletion |  |  | 57,208 |  |  |  | 46,678 |
Net investments in properties |  |  | 367,158 |  |  |  | 350,665 |
Real estate held for investment, at cost |  |  | 10,182 |  |  |  | 9,722 |
Investments in joint ventures |  |  | 140,525 |  |  |  | 145,443 |
Net real estate investments |  |  | 517,865 |  |  |  | 505,830 |
Cash and cash equivalents |  |  | 177,497 |  |  |  | 161,521 |
Cash held in escrow |  |  | 797 |  |  |  | 752 |
Accounts receivable, net |  |  | 1,166 |  |  |  | 793 |
Investments available for sale at fair value |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4,317 |
Federal and state income taxes receivable |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,103 |
Unrealized rents |  |  | 856 |  |  |  | 620 |
Deferred costs |  |  | 2,343 |  |  |  | 2,726 |
Other assets |  |  | 560 |  |  |  | 528 |
Total assets |  | $ | 701,084 |  |  |  | 678,190 |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Secured notes payable |  | $ | 178,557 |  |  |  | 178,409 |
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities |  |  | 5,971 |  |  |  | 6,137 |
Other liabilities |  |  | 1,886 |  |  |  | 1,886 |
Federal and state income taxes payable |  |  | 18 |  |  |  | — |
Deferred revenue |  |  | 259 |  |  |  | 369 |
Deferred income taxes |  |  | 67,960 |  |  |  | 64,047 |
Deferred compensation |  |  | 1,354 |  |  |  | 1,302 |
Tenant security deposits |  |  | 868 |  |  |  | 790 |
Total liabilities |  |  | 256,873 |  |  |  | 252,940 |
Commitments and contingencies |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Equity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Common stock, $.10 par value 25,000,000 shares authorized, 9,459,686 and 9,411,028 shares issued and outstanding, respectively |  |  | 946 |  |  |  | 941 |
Capital in excess of par value |  |  | 65,158 |  |  |  | 57,617 |
Retained earnings |  |  | 342,317 |  |  |  | 337,752 |
Accumulated other comprehensive income, net |  |  | (1,276 | ) |  |  | 113 |
Total shareholders’ equity |  |  | 407,145 |  |  |  | 396,423 |
Noncontrolling interests |  |  | 37,066 |  |  |  | 28,827 |
Total equity |  |  | 444,211 |  |  |  | 425,250 |
Total liabilities and equity |  | $ | 701,084 |  |  |  | 678,190 |

See accompanying notes.

54

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS – Years ended December 31

(In thousands)

| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income | $ | 4,047 |  |  |  | 40,094 |  |  |  | 11,722 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation, depletion and amortization |  | 11,462 |  |  |  | 12,946 |  |  |  | 6,050 |
Deferred income taxes |  | 1,813 |  |  |  | 7,941 |  |  |  | 5,995 |
Gain on remeasurement of invest in real estate partnership |  | — |  |  |  | (51,139 | ) |  |  | — |
Equity in loss of joint ventures |  | 5,721 |  |  |  | 5,754 |  |  |  | 5,690 |
Gain on sale of equipment and property |  | (904 | ) |  |  | (880 | ) |  |  | (9,184 | )
Stock-based compensation |  | 1,569 |  |  |  | 1,111 |  |  |  | 1,372 |
Realized (gain) loss on available for sale investments |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (298 | )
Deferred debt issuance cost write-off |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 902 |
Net changes in operating assets and liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts receivable |  | (373 | ) |  |  | 837 |  |  |  | (377 | )
Deferred costs and other assets |  | (1,972 | ) |  |  | (346 | ) |  |  | 27 |
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities |  | (276 | ) |  |  | 1,888 |  |  |  | 956 |
Income taxes payable and receivable |  | 1,121 |  |  |  | 3,518 |  |  |  | (5,125 | )
Other long-term liabilities |  | 130 |  |  |  | 518 |  |  |  | 883 |
Net cash provided by operating activities |  | 22,338 |  |  |  | 22,242 |  |  |  | 18,613 |
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investments in properties |  | (27,615 | ) |  |  | (16,530 | ) |  |  | (17,544 | )
Investments in joint ventures |  | (21,578 | ) |  |  | (13,436 | ) |  |  | (12,315 | )
Return of capital from investments in joint ventures |  | 20,770 |  |  |  | 22,279 |  |  |  | — |
Purchases of investments available for sale |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (24,584 | )
Proceeds from sales of investments available for sale |  | 4,317 |  |  |  | 69,865 |  |  |  | 85,735 |
Cash at consolidation of real estate partnership |  | — |  |  |  | 3,704 |  |  |  | — |
Cash held in escrow |  | (45 | ) |  |  | (220 | ) |  |  | (10 | )
Proceeds from sale of assets |  | 955 |  |  |  | 939 |  |  |  | 19,245 |
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities |  | (23,196 | ) |  |  | 66,601 |  |  |  | 50,527 |
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Proceeds from long-term debt |  | — |  |  |  | 92,070 |  |  |  | — |
Repayment of long-term debt |  | — |  |  |  | (90,000 | ) |  |  | — |
Debt issue costs |  | — |  |  |  | (704 | ) |  |  | — |
Contribution from partner |  | 27,894 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Distribution to noncontrolling interest |  | (11,472 | ) |  |  | (2,602 | ) |  |  | (765 | )
Repurchase of company stock |  | — |  |  |  | (264 | ) |  |  | (21,312 | )
Exercise of employee stock options |  | 412 |  |  |  | 269 |  |  |  | 239 |
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities |  | 16,834 |  |  |  | (1,231 | ) |  |  | (21,838 | )
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents |  | 15,976 |  |  |  | 87,612 |  |  |  | 47,302 |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year |  | 161,521 |  |  |  | 73,909 |  |  |  | 26,607 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of the year | $ | 177,497 |  |  |  | 161,521 |  |  |  | 73,909 |
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash paid (received) during the year for: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest | $ | 2,893 |  |  |  | 2,150 |  |  |  | 960 |
Income taxes | $ | (1,761 | ) |  |  | (1,226 | ) |  |  | 2,244 |

See accompanying notes.

55

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(In thousands, except share amounts)

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Accumu- |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | lated |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Other |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Compre- |  | Total |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  | Capital in |  |  |  | hensive |  | Share |  | Non- |  |
| Common Stock |  | Excess of |  | Retained |  | Income, net |  | Holders’ |  | Controlling |  | Total
| Shares |  | Amount |  | Par Value |  | Earnings |  | of tax |  | Equity |  | Interest |  | Equity
Balance at January 1, 2020 |  | 9,817,429 |  |  | $ | 982 |  |  | $ | 57,705 |  |  | $ | 315,278 |  |  | $ | 923 |  |  | $ | 374,888 |  |  | $ | 16,757 |  |  | $ | 391,645 |
Exercise of stock options |  | 12,415 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 238 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 239 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 239 |
Stock option grant compensation |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 92 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 92 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 92 |
Restricted stock compensation |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 250 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 250 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 250 |
Shares granted to Employee |  | 11,448 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 529 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 530 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 530 |
Shares granted to Directors |  | 12,050 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 499 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 500 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 500 |
Restricted stock award |  | 20,520 |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | (2 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Shares purchased and cancelled |  | (510,145 | ) |  |  | (51 | ) |  |  | (3,032 | ) |  |  | (18,229 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (21,312 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (21,312 | )
Contributions from partners |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Forfeitures |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 12,715 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 12,715 |  |  |  | (993 | ) |  |  | 11,722 |
Distributions to partners |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (765 | ) |  |  | (765 | )
Minimum pension liability, net |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 143 |  |  |  | 143 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 143 |
Unrealized loss on investment, net |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (391 | ) |  |  | (391 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (391 | )
Balance at December 31, 2020 |  | 9,363,717 |  |  | $ | 936 |  |  | $ | 56,279 |  |  | $ | 309,764 |  |  | $ | 675 |  |  | $ | 367,654 |  |  | $ | 14,999 |  |  | $ | 382,653 |
Balance at December 31, 2020 |  | 9,363,717 |  |  | $ | 936 |  |  | $ | 56,279 |  |  | $ | 309,764 |  |  | $ | 675 |  |  | $ | 367,654 |  |  | $ | 14,999 |  |  | $ | 382,653 |
Exercise of stock options |  | 15,334 |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | 267 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 269 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 269 |
Stock option grant compensation |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 69 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 69 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 69 |
Restricted stock compensation |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 492 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 492 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 492 |
Shares granted to Employee |  | 1,098 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 50 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 50 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 50 |
Shares granted to Directors |  | 9,105 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 499 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 500 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 500 |
Restricted stock award |  | 27,778 |  |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | (3 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Shares purchased and cancelled |  | (6,004 | ) |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  | (36 | ) |  |  | (227 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (264 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (264 | )
Contributions from partners |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4,551 |  |  |  | 4,551 |
Forfeiture |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 28,215 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 28,215 |  |  |  | 11,879 |  |  |  | 40,094 |
Distributions to partners |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2,602 | ) |  |  | (2,602 | )
Minimum pension liability, net |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (38 | ) |  |  | (38 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (38 | )
Unrealized loss on investment, net |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (524 | ) |  |  | (524 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (524 | )
Balance at December 31, 2021 |  | 9,411,028 |  |  | $ | 941 |  |  | $ | 57,617 |  |  | $ | 337,752 |  |  | $ | 113 |  |  | $ | 396,423 |  |  | $ | 28,827 |  |  | $ | 425,250 |
Balance at December 31, 2021 |  | 9,411,028 |  |  | $ | 941 |  |  | $ | 57,617 |  |  | $ | 337,752 |  |  | $ | 113 |  |  | $ | 396,423 |  |  | $ | 28,827 |  |  | $ | 425,250 |
Exercise of stock options |  | 16,460 |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | 410 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 412 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 412 |
Stock option grant compensation |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 69 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 69 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 69 |
Restricted stock compensation |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 800 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 800 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 800 |
Shares granted to Employee |  | 865 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 50 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 50 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 50 |
Shares granted to Directors |  | 11,232 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 649 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 650 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 650 |
Restricted stock award |  | 21,464 |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | (2 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Shares purchased |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Forfeiture of restricted stock award |  | (1,363 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Net income |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4,565 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4,565 |  |  |  | (518 | ) |  |  | 4,047 |
Contributions from partner |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 27,894 |  |  |  | 27,894 |
Reallocation of partners’ interest |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 7,665 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 7,665 |  |  |  | (7,665 | ) |  |  | — |
Reallocation income tax expense |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2,100 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2,100 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2,100 | )
Distributions to partners |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (11,472 | ) |  |  | (11,472 | )
Minimum pension liability, net |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (31 | ) |  |  | (31 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (31 | )
Unrealized loss on investment, net |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1,358 | ) |  |  | (1,358 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1,358 | )
Balance at December 31, 2022 |  | 9,459,686 |  |  | $ | 946 |  |  | $ | 65,158 |  |  | $ | 342,317 |  |  | $ | (1,276 | ) |  | $ | 407,145 |  |  | $ | 37,066 |  |  | $ | 444,211 |

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

| 1. | Accounting Policies.

ORGANIZATION - FRP Holdings, Inc. (the “Company”) is a holding company engaged in the investment and development of real estate. The segments of the Company include: (i) leasing and management of industrial and commercial properties owned by the Company (the “Asset Management Segment”), (ii) leasing and management of mining royalty land owned by the Company (the “Mining Royalty Lands Segment”), (iii) real property acquisition, entitlement, development and construction primarily for apartment, retail, warehouse, and office (the “Development Segment”), (iv) management of mixed-use residential/retail properties owned through our joint ventures (the “Stabilized Joint Venture Segment”).

FRP Holdings, Inc. was incorporated on April 22, 2014 in connection with a corporate reorganization that preceded the Spin-off of Patriot Transportation Holding, Inc. The Company’s predecessor issuer was formed on July 20, 1998. The business of the Company is conducted through our wholly-owned subsidiaries FRP Development Corp., a Maryland corporation (“Development”) and Florida Rock Properties, Inc., a Florida corporation (“Properties”), and the various subsidiaries and joint ventures of each.

CONSOLIDATION - The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company inclusive of our operating real estate subsidiaries, Development and Properties, and all wholly-owned or controlled entities. Our investments in real estate partnerships which are conducted through limited liability corporations (“LLC”) are also referred to as joint ventures. Investments in real estate joint ventures not controlled by the Company are accounted for under the equity or cost method of accounting as appropriate (See Note 2). All significant intercompany balances and transactions are eliminated in the consolidated financial statements.

Effective July 1, 2017 the Company consolidated the assets (at fair value), liabilities and operating results of our Riverfront Investment Partners I, LLC joint venture (“Dock 79”) which was previously accounted for under the equity method. Subsequent to the July 1, 2017 consolidation, the ownership of Dock 79 attributable to our partner MRP Realty is reflected on our consolidated balance sheet as a noncontrolling interest. In March 2021, Riverfront Investment Partners II, LLC reached stabilization which resulted in a change of control for accounting purposes as the veto rights of the minority shareholder lapsed and the Company became the primary beneficiary. As such, effective March 31, 2021 the Company consolidated the assets (at fair value), liabilities and operating results of our Riverfront Investment Partners II, LLC joint venture (“The Maren”) which was previously accounted for under the equity method. Subsequent to the March 31, 2021 consolidation, the ownership of The Maren attributable to our partner MRP Realty is reflected on our consolidated balance sheet as a noncontrolling interest. Such noncontrolling interests are reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheets within equity but separately from shareholders' equity. On the Consolidated Statements of Income, all of the revenues and expenses from Dock 79 are reported in net income, including both the amounts attributable to the Company and the noncontrolling interest. The Maren is reflected in Equity in loss of joint ventures on the Consolidated Statements of Income for the periods up to March 31, 2021 but is reflected like Dock 79 for periods commencing April 1, 2021. The amounts of consolidated net income attributable to the noncontrolling interest is clearly identified on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Income. In 2022 we sold a 20% ownership interest in a tenancy-in-common (TIC) of Dock 79 and The Maren to a new partner Steuart Investment Company (SIC). The Company continues to consolidate both properties because of continued control over major decisions for both properties.

CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS - The Company considers all Treasury bills available for sale regardless of maturity and other highly liquid debt instruments with maturities of three months or less at time of purchase to be cash equivalents. Bank overdrafts consist of outstanding checks not yet presented to a bank for settlement, net of cash held in accounts with right of offset.

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INVESTMENTS AVAILABLE FOR SALE - The Company determines the appropriate classification of its investments in debt securities at the time of purchase and reevaluates such determinations at each balance sheet date. Debt securities are classified as held to maturity when the Company has the positive intent and ability to hold the securities to maturity. Marketable securities that are bought and held principally for the purpose of selling them in the near term are classified as trading securities and are reported at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses recognized in earnings. Debt securities not classified as held to maturity or as trading, are classified as available-for-sale, and are carried at fair value, with the unrealized gains and losses, net of tax, included in the determination of comprehensive income and reported in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. The fair value of securities is determined using quoted market prices. At December 31, 2022, no investments were held for trading purposes or classified as held to maturity.

REVENUE AND EXPENSE RECOGNITION - Real estate rental revenue and mining royalties are generally recognized when earned under the leases and are considered collectable. Rental income from leases with scheduled increases or other incentives during their term is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Reimbursements of expenses, when provided in the lease, are recognized in the period that the expenses are incurred.

Sales of real estate are recognized when the collection of the sales price is reasonably assured and when the Company has fulfilled substantially all of its obligations, which are typically as of the closing date.

Accounts receivable are recorded net of discounts and provisions for estimated allowances. We estimate allowances on an ongoing basis by considering historical and current trends. We record estimated bad debts expense as a reduction of lease revenue. We estimate the net collectibility of our accounts receivable and establish an allowance for doubtful accounts based upon this assessment. Specifically, we analyze the aging of accounts receivable balances, historical bad debts, customer concentrations, customer credit-worthiness, current economic trends and changes in customer payment terms.

PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT - Property and equipment is recorded at cost less accumulated depreciation and depletion. Provision for depreciation of property, plant and equipment is computed using the straight-line method based on the following estimated useful lives:

|  |  | Years
Building and improvements |  |  | 3-39

Depletion of sand and stone deposits is computed on the basis of units of production in relation to estimated reserves.

Reserve estimates are periodically adjusted based upon surveys.

The Company recorded depreciation and depletion expenses for fiscal year 2022, 2021 and 2020, of $10,618,000, $8,806,000 and $5,766,000, respectively.

All direct and indirect costs, including interest and real estate taxes, associated with the development, construction, leasing or expansion of real estate investments are capitalized as a cost of the property. Included in indirect costs is an allocation of internal costs associated with development of real estate investments. The cost of routine repairs and maintenance to property and equipment is expensed as incurred.

IMPAIRMENT OF LONG-LIVED ASSETS – The Company reviews its long-lived assets, which include property and equipment and purchased intangible assets subject to amortization for potential impairment annually or whenever events or circumstances indicate the carrying amount of a long-lived asset may not be recoverable. This review consists of comparing cap rates on recent cash flows and market value estimates to the carrying values of each asset group. If this review indicates the carrying value might exceed fair value then an estimate of future cash flows for the remaining useful life of each property is prepared considering anticipated vacancy, lease rates, and any future capital expenditures.

DEVELOPED PROPERTY RENTALS PURCHASE ACCOUNTING – Acquisitions of rental property, including any associated intangible assets, are measured at fair value at the date of acquisition. Any liabilities assumed or incurred are

58

recorded at their fair value at the time of acquisition. The fair value of the acquired property is allocated between land and building (on an as-if vacant basis) based on management’s estimate of the fair value of those components for each type of property and to tenant improvements based on the depreciated replacement cost of the tenant improvements, which approximates their fair value. The fair value of the in-place leases is recorded as follows:

| · | the fair value of leases in-place on the date of acquisition is based on absorption costs for the estimated lease-up period in which vacancy and foregone revenue are avoided due to the presence of the acquired leases;

| · | the fair value of above and below-market in-place leases based on the present value (using a discount rate that reflects the risks associated with the acquired leases) of the difference between contractual rent amounts to be paid under the assumed lease and the estimated market lease rates for the corresponding spaces over the remaining non-cancelable terms of the related leases; and

| · | the fair value of intangible tenant or customer relationships.

The Company’s determination of these fair values requires it to estimate market rents for each of the leases and make certain other assumptions. These estimates and assumptions affect the rental revenue, and depreciation and amortization expense recognized for these leases and associated intangible assets and liabilities.

INVESTMENTS IN JOINT VENTURES - The Company uses the equity method to account for its investments in Brooksville, BC FRP Realty, Estero, FRP/MRP Buzzard Point Sponsor, and Greenville/Woodfield, in which it has a voting interest of 50% or less and has significant influence but does not have control. The Company uses the equity method to account for its investment in the Bryant Street Partnerships and The Verge at 1800 Half Street, in which it has a voting interest in excess of 50% because all major decisions are shared equally. Under the equity method, the investment is originally recorded at cost and adjusted to recognize the Company’s share of net earnings or losses of the investee, limited to the extent of the Company’s investment in and advances to the investee and financial guarantees on behalf of the investee that create additional basis. The Company regularly monitors and evaluates the realizable value of its investments. When assessing an investment for an other-than-temporary decline in value, the Company considers such factors as, the performance of the investee in relation to its own operating targets and its business plan, the investee’s revenue and cost trends, as well as liquidity and cash position, and the outlook for the overall industry in which the investee operates. From time to time, the Company may consider third party evaluations or valuation reports. If events and circumstances indicate that a decline in the value of these assets has occurred and is other-than-temporary, the Company records a charge to investment income (expense).

INCOME TAXES - Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized based on differences between financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities using presently enacted tax rates. Deferred income taxes result from temporary differences between pre-tax income reported in the financial statements and taxable income. The Company recognizes liabilities for uncertain tax positions based on a two-step process. The first step is to evaluate the tax position for recognition by determining if the weight of available evidence indicates that it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained on audit. The second step is to estimate and measure the tax benefit as the largest amount that is more than 50% likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement. It is inherently difficult and subjective to estimate such amounts, as the amounts rely upon the determination of the probability of various possible outcomes. The Company reevaluates these uncertain tax positions on a quarterly basis. This evaluation is based on factors including, but not limited to, changes in facts or circumstances, changes in tax law and expiration of statutes of limitations, effectively settled issues under audit, and audit activity. Such a change in recognition or measurement would result in the recognition of a tax benefit or an additional charge to the tax provision. It is the Company's policy to recognize as additional income tax expense the items of interest paid and penalties directly related to income taxes.

STOCK BASED COMPENSATION – The Company accounts for compensation related to share based plans by recognizing the grant date fair value of stock options and other equity-based compensation issued to employees in its income statement over the requisite employee service period using the straight-line attribution model. In addition, compensation expense must be recognized for the change in fair value of any awards modified, repurchased or cancelled

59

after the grant date. The fair value of each grant is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The assumptions used in the model and current year impact are discussed in Note 7.

DEFERRED COMPENSATION PLAN - The Company has a deferred compensation plan, the Management Security Plan (MSP) for our President. The accruals for future benefits are based upon actuarial assumptions.

EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE - Basic earnings per common share are based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the periods. Diluted earnings per common share are based on the weighted average number of common shares and potential dilution of securities that could share in earnings. The differences between basic and diluted shares used for the calculation are the effect of employee and director stock options and restricted stock.

USE OF ESTIMATES - The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United State requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Certain accounting policies and estimates are of more significance in the financial statement preparation process than others. The most critical accounting policies and estimates include the economic useful lives of our mining reserves, property and equipment, provisions for uncollectible accounts receivable and collectibility of unrealized rents, accounting for real estate investments, estimates of exposures related to our insurance claims plans and environmental liabilities, and estimates for taxes. To the extent that actual, final outcomes are different than these estimates, or that additional facts and circumstances result in a revision to these estimates, earnings during that accounting period will be affected.

ENVIRONMENTAL - Environmental expenditures that benefit future periods are capitalized. Expenditures that relate to an existing condition caused by past operations, and which do not contribute to current or future revenue generation, are expensed. Liabilities are recorded for the estimated amount of expected environmental assessments and/or remedial efforts. Estimation of such liabilities includes an assessment of engineering estimates, continually evolving governmental laws and standards, and potential involvement of other potentially responsible parties.

COMPREHENSIVE INCOME – Comprehensive income consists of net income and other comprehensive income (loss). Other comprehensive income (loss) refers to expenses, gains, and losses that are not included in net income, but rather are recorded directly in shareholders’ equity.

RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS – None.

| 2. | Investments in Joint Ventures.

The Company has investments in joint ventures, primarily with other real estate developers. Joint ventures where FRP is not the primary beneficiary are reflected in the line “Investment in joint ventures” on the balance sheet and “Equity in loss of joint ventures” on the income statement. The assets of these joint ventures are restricted to use by the joint ventures and their obligations can only be settled by their assets or additional contributions by the partners.

During the year we had two new investments in unconsolidated joint ventures:

Estero - In August of 2022, we invested $3.6 million for a 16% interest in a joint venture with Woodfield Development to purchase 46 acres in Estero, FL. While the joint venture attempts to rezone the property, the Company will receive a preferred return of 8% with an option to roll its investment into equity in the vertical development or exit at that point. The Company’s equity interest in the joint venture is accounted for under the equity method of accounting because of the Company’s significant influence in the development process.

Lending Ventures – In September of 2022, we paid off and extended for up to 3 years the secured note on the property

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in our BC FRP Realty, LLC joint venture advancing a total of $11.3 million of the maximum commitment of $16 million. This is included in our Lending Ventures investments in the tables that follow along with our residential real estate development investments at Aberdeen and Amber Ridge. The loan on the BC FRP Realty, LLC joint venture statement is reclassified to equity in the Lending Ventures table.

FRP/MRP Buzzard Point Sponsor, LLC – This partnership has been engaged in pre-development activities for phase one of property owned by Steuart Investment Company (SIC) under a Contribution and Pre-Development Agreement between this partnership and SIC.

The following table summarizes the Company’s Investments in unconsolidated joint ventures (in thousands):

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | The |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Company's |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Share of Profit |
|  | Common |  |  | Total |  |  | Total Assets of |  |  | Profit (Loss) |  |  | (Loss) of the |
|  | Ownership |  |  | Investment |  |  | The Partnership |  |  | Of the Partnership |  |  | Partnership (1) |
As of December 31, 2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Brooksville Quarry, LLC |  | 50.00 | % | $ | 7,522 |  |  | 14,374 |  |  | (84 | ) |  | (42 | )
BC FRP Realty, LLC |  | 50.00 | % |  | 5,453 |  |  | 21,825 |  |  | (358 | ) |  | (175 | )
Buzzard Point Sponsor, LLC |  | 50.00 | % |  | 1,453 |  |  | 2,906 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Bryant Street Partnerships |  | 61.36 | % |  | 55,561 |  |  | 199,774 |  |  | (10,339 | ) |  | (6,829 | )
Lending ventures |  |  |  |  | 16,476 |  |  | 5,577 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
DST Hickory Creek |  | 26.65 | % |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 10,960 |  |  | 3,164 |
Estero Partnership |  | 16.00 | % |  | 3,600 |  |  | 38,505 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
1800 Half St. Owner, LLC |  | 61.37 | % |  | 38,471 |  |  | 131,128 |  |  | (1,841 | ) |  | (1,129 | )
Greenville Partnerships |  | 40.00 | % |  | 11,989 |  |  | 96,551 |  |  | (1,775 | ) |  | (710 | )
Total |  |  |  | $ | 140,525 |  |  | 510,640 |  |  | (3,437 | ) |  | (5,721 | )

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | The |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Company's |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Share of Profit |
|  | Common |  |  | Total |  |  | Total Assets of |  |  | Profit (Loss) |  |  | (Loss) of the |
|  | Ownership |  |  | Investment |  |  | The Partnership |  |  | Of the Partnership |  |  | Partnership (1) |
As of December 31, 2021 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Brooksville Quarry, LLC |  | 50.00 | % | $ | 7,488 |  |  | 14,301 |  |  | (82 | ) |  | (41 | )
BC FRP Realty, LLC |  | 50.00 | % |  | 5,530 |  |  | 22,470 |  |  | (230 | ) |  | (115 | )
Riverfront Holdings II, LLC (1) |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (760 | ) |  | (628 | )
Bryant Street Partnerships |  | 61.36 | % |  | 59,558 |  |  | 204,082 |  |  | (6,084 | ) |  | (4,954 | )
Aberdeen Station Loan |  |  |  |  | 514 |  |  | 514 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
DST Hickory Creek |  | 26.65 | % |  | 6,000 |  |  | 46,048 |  |  | (481 | ) |  | 343 |
Amber Ridge Loan |  |  |  |  | 11,466 |  |  | 11,466 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
1800 Half St. Owner, LLC |  | 61.37 | % |  | 38,693 |  |  | 93,932 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 20 |
Greenville Partnerships |  | 40.00 | % |  | 16,194 |  |  | 87,731 |  |  | (948 | ) |  | (379 | )
Total |  |  |  | $ | 145,443 |  |  | 480,544 |  |  | (8,573 | ) |  | (5,754 | )

(1): |  | Riverfront Holdings II, LLC was consolidated on March 31, 2021. Bryant Street Partnerships includes $747,000 in 2021 for the Company’s share of preferred interest and $471,000 in 2021 for amortization of guarantee liability related to the Bryant Street loan.

The major classes of assets, liabilities and equity of the Company’s Investments in Joint Ventures as of December 31, 2022 are summarized in the following two tables (in thousands):

Investments in Apartment/Mixed Use Joint Ventures as of December 31, 2022

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| As of December 31, 2022 |  | Total
| Buzzard Point |  | Bryant Street |  | Estero |  | 1800 Half St. |  | Greenville |  | Apartment/
| Sponsor, LLC |  | Partnership |  | Partnership |  | Partnership |  | Partnership |  | Mixed-Use
Investments in real estate, net | $ | 0 |  |  |  | 192,904 |  |  |  | 33,008 |  |  |  | 130,616 |  |  |  | 95,883 |  |  | $ | 452,411 |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | 0 |  |  |  | 1,349 |  |  |  | 5,497 |  |  |  | 359 |  |  |  | 567 |  |  |  | 7,772 |
Unrealized rents & receivables |  | 0 |  |  |  | 5,128 |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  | 14 |  |  |  | 13 |  |  |  | 5,155 |
Deferred costs |  | 2,906 |  |  |  | 393 |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  | 139 |  |  |  | 88 |  |  |  | 3,526 |
Total Assets | $ | 2,906 |  |  |  | 199,774 |  |  |  | 38,505 |  |  |  | 131,128 |  |  |  | 96,551 |  |  | $ | 468,864 |
Secured notes payable | $ | 0 |  |  |  | 129,263 |  |  |  | 16,000 |  |  |  | 66,584 |  |  |  | 64,954 |  |  | $ | 276,801 |
Other liabilities |  | 0 |  |  |  | 2,338 |  |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | 5,328 |  |  |  | 3,014 |  |  |  | 10,685 |
Capital - FRP |  | 1,453 |  |  |  | 53,553 |  |  |  | 3,600 |  |  |  | 36,348 |  |  |  | 11,087 |  |  |  | 106,041 |
Capital – Third Parties |  | 1,453 |  |  |  | 14,620 |  |  |  | 18,900 |  |  |  | 22,868 |  |  |  | 17,496 |  |  |  | 75,337 |
Total Liabilities and Capital | $ | 2,906 |  |  |  | 199,774 |  |  |  | 38,505 |  |  |  | 131,128 |  |  |  | 96,551 |  |  | $ | 468,864 |

Investments in Joint Ventures as of December 31, 2022

| As of December 31, 2022 |  | Total |
| Brooksville |  | BC FRP |  | Lending |  | Apartment/ |  | Grand |
| Quarry, LLC |  | Realty, LLC |  | Ventures |  | Mixed-Use |  | Total |
Investments in real estate, net | $ | 14,307 |  |  | 21,059 |  |  | 5,547 |  |  | 452,411 |  | $ | 493,324 |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | 66 |  |  | 99 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 7,772 |  |  | 7,937 |
Unrealized rents & receivables |  | 0 |  |  | 422 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 5,155 |  |  | 5,577 |
Deferred costs |  | 1 |  |  | 245 |  |  | 30 |  |  | 3,526 |  |  | 3,802 |
Total Assets | $ | 14,374 |  |  | 21,825 |  |  | 5,577 |  |  | 468,864 |  | $ | 510,640 |
Secured notes payable | $ | 0 |  |  | 10,899 |  |  | (10,899 | ) |  | 276,801 |  | $ | 276,801 |
Other liabilities |  | 0 |  |  | 338 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 10,685 |  |  | 11,023 |
Capital – FRP |  | 7,522 |  |  | 5,294 |  |  | 16,476 |  |  | 106,041 |  |  | 135,333 |
Capital - Third Parties |  | 6,852 |  |  | 5,294 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 75,337 |  |  | 87,483 |
Total Liabilities and Capital | $ | 14,374 |  |  | 21,825 |  |  | 5,577 |  |  | 468,864 |  | $ | 510,640 |

The Company’s capital recorded by the unconsolidated Joint Ventures is $5,032,000 less than the Investment in Joint Ventures reported in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet due primarily to capitalized interest.

The major classes of assets, liabilities and equity of the Company’s Investments in Joint Ventures as of December 31, 2021 are summarized in the following two tables (in thousands):

Investments in Apartment/Mixed Use Joint Ventures as of December 31, 2021

| As of December 31, 2021 |  | Total
| Riverfront |  | Bryant Street |  | DST Hickory |  | 1800 Half St. |  | Greenville/ |  | Apartment/
| Holdings II, LLC |  | Partnership |  | Creek |  | Partnership |  | Woodfield |  | Mixed-Use
Investments in real estate, net | $ | 0 |  |  |  | 199,730 |  |  |  | 43,840 |  |  |  | 93,504 |  |  |  | 87,421 |  |  | $ | 424,495 |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | 0 |  |  |  | 1,123 |  |  |  | 827 |  |  |  | 428 |  |  |  | 279 |  |  |  | 2,657 |
Unrealized rents & receivables |  | 0 |  |  |  | 2,925 |  |  |  | 1,044 |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | 3,974 |
Deferred costs |  | 0 |  |  |  | 304 |  |  |  | 337 |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  | 26 |  |  |  | 667 |
Total Assets | $ | 0 |  |  |  | 204,082 |  |  |  | 46,048 |  |  |  | 93,932 |  |  |  | 87,731 |  |  | $ | 431,793 |
Secured notes payable | $ | 0 |  |  |  | 119,201 |  |  |  | 29,337 |  |  |  | 18,404 |  |  |  | 44,309 |  |  | $ | 211,251 |
Other liabilities |  | 0 |  |  |  | 9,066 |  |  |  | 115 |  |  |  | 14,470 |  |  |  | 4,462 |  |  |  | 28,113 |
Capital - FRP |  | 0 |  |  |  | 57,555 |  |  |  | 4,423 |  |  |  | 37,478 |  |  |  | 15,584 |  |  |  | 115,040 |
Capital – Third Parties |  | 0 |  |  |  | 18,260 |  |  |  | 12,173 |  |  |  | 23,580 |  |  |  | 23,376 |  |  |  | 77,389 |
Total Liabilities and Capital | $ | 0 |  |  |  | 204,082 |  |  |  | 46,048 |  |  |  | 93,932 |  |  |  | 87,731 |  |  | $ | 431,793 |

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Investments in Joint Ventures as of December 31, 2021

| As of December 31, 2021 |  |
| Brooksville |  | BC FRP |  | Aberdeen |  | Amber Ridge |  | Apartment/ |  | Grand
| Quarry, LLC |  | Realty, LLC |  | Loan |  | Loan |  | Mixed-Use |  | Total
Investments in real estate, net | $ | 14,281 |  |  |  | 21,561 |  |  |  | 514 |  |  |  | 11,466 |  |  |  | 424,495 |  |  | $ | 472,317 |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | 18 |  |  |  | 312 |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  | 2,657 |  |  |  | 2,987 |
Unrealized rents & receivables |  | 0 |  |  |  | 368 |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  | 3,974 |  |  |  | 4,342 |
Deferred costs |  | 2 |  |  |  | 229 |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  | 667 |  |  |  | 898 |
Total Assets | $ | 14,301 |  |  |  | 22,470 |  |  |  | 514 |  |  |  | 11,466 |  |  |  | 431,793 |  |  | $ | 480,544 |
Secured notes payable | $ | 0 |  |  |  | 11,384 |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  | 211,251 |  |  | $ | 222,635 |
Other liabilities |  | 0 |  |  |  | 140 |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  | 28,113 |  |  |  | 28,253 |
Capital - FRP |  | 7,488 |  |  |  | 5,473 |  |  |  | 514 |  |  |  | 11,466 |  |  |  | 115,040 |  |  |  | 139,981 |
Capital - Third Parties |  | 6,813 |  |  |  | 5,473 |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  | 77,389 |  |  |  | 89,675 |
Total Liabilities and Capital | $ | 14,301 |  |  |  | 22,470 |  |  |  | 514 |  |  |  | 11,466 |  |  |  | 431,793 |  |  | $ | 480,544 |

The amount of consolidated retained earnings (accumulated deficit) for these joint ventures was $(13,115,000) and $(8,942,000) as of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

The income statements of the Bryant Street Partnerships are as follows (in thousands):

|  | Bryant Street |  | Bryant Street |  | Bryant Street |  | Bryant Street |
|  | Partnerships |  | Partnerships |  | Partnerships |  | Partnerships |
|  | Total JV |  | Total JV |  | Company Share |  | Company Share |
|  | Year ended |  | Year ended |  | Year ended |  | Year ended |
|  | December 31, |  | December 31, |  | December 31, |  | December 31, |
|  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |
Revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Rental Revenue |  | $ | 9,586 |  |  | $ | 2,376 |  |  | $ | 5,882 |  |  | $ | 1,458 |
Revenue – other |  |  | 1,766 |  |  |  | 318 |  |  |  | 1,084 |  |  |  | 195 |
Total Revenues |  |  | 11,352 |  |  |  | 2,694 |  |  |  | 6,966 |  |  |  | 1,653 |
Cost of operations: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 6,737 |  |  |  | 2,842 |  |  |  | 4,134 |  |  |  | 1,744 |
Operating expenses |  |  | 5,428 |  |  |  | 3,163 |  |  |  | 3,331 |  |  |  | 1,941 |
Property taxes |  |  | 1,376 |  |  |  | 398 |  |  |  | 844 |  |  |  | 244 |
Total cost of operations |  |  | 13,541 |  |  |  | 6,403 |  |  |  | 8,309 |  |  |  | 3,929 |
Total operating loss |  |  | (2,189 | ) |  |  | (3,709 | ) |  |  | (1,343 | ) |  |  | (2,276 | )
Interest expense |  |  | (8,150 | ) |  |  | (2,375 | ) |  |  | (5,486 | ) |  |  | (2,678 | )
Net loss before tax |  | $ | (10,339 | ) |  | $ | (6,084 | ) |  | $ | (6,829 | ) |  | $ | (4,954 | )

The income statements of the Greenville Woodfield Riverside Partnership are as follow (in thousands):

|  | Woodfield |  | Woodfield
|  | Riverside Partnership |  | Riverside Partnership
|  | Total JV |  | Company Share
|  | Year ended |  | Year ended
|  | December 31, |  | December 31,
|  | 2022 |  | 2022

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Revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Rental Revenue |  | $ | 3,146 |  |  | $ | 1,259 |
Revenue – other |  |  | 176 |  |  |  | 70 |
Total Revenues |  |  | 3,322 |  |  |  | 1,329 |
Cost of operations: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 1,557 |  |  |  | 623 |
Operating expenses |  |  | 1,207 |  |  |  | 483 |
Property taxes |  |  | 778 |  |  |  | 311 |
Total cost of operations |  |  | 3,542 |  |  |  | 1,417 |
Total operating loss |  |  | (220 | ) |  |  | (88 | )
Interest expense |  |  | (1,113 | ) |  |  | (445 | )
Net loss before tax |  | $ | (1,333 | ) |  | $ | (533 | )

| 3. | Related Party Transactions.

The Company is a party to an Administrative Services Agreement which resulted from our January 30, 2015 spin-off of Patriot Transportation Holding, Inc. (Patriot). The Administrative Services Agreement sets forth the terms on which Patriot will provide to FRP certain services that were shared prior to the Spin-off, including the services of certain employees and executive officers. The boards of the respective companies amended and extended this agreement for one year effective April 1, 2022.

The consolidated statements of income reflect charges and/or allocation from Patriot for these services of $893,000 and $1,025,000 for 2022 and 2021, respectively. These charges are reflected as part of corporate expenses.

To determine these allocations between FRP and Patriot as set forth in the Administrative Services Agreement, we employ an allocation method to allocate said expenses and thus we believe that the allocations to FRP are a reasonable approximation of the costs related to FRP’s operations, but any such related-party transactions cannot be presumed to be carried out on an arm’s-length basis.

| 4. | Debt.

Debt is summarized as follows (in thousands):

|  | December 31, |  | December 31,
|  | 2022 |  | 2021
Fixed rate mortgage loans, 3.03% interest only, matures 4/1/2033 |  | $ | 180,070 |  |  |  | 180,070 |
Unamortized debt issuance costs |  |  | (1,513 | ) |  |  | (1,661 | )
Credit agreement |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Long term debt |  | $ | 178,557 |  |  |  | 178,409 |

The aggregate amount of principal payments, excluding the revolving credit, due subsequent to December 31, 2022 is: 2023 - $0; 2024 - $0; 2025 - $0; 2026 - $0; 2027 and subsequent years - $180,070,000.

On February 6, 2019, the Company entered into a First Amendment to the 2015 Credit Agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) with Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. (“Wells Fargo”), effective February 6, 2019. The Credit Agreement modifies the Company’s prior Credit Agreement with Wells Fargo dated January 30, 2015. The Credit Agreement establishes a five-year revolving credit facility with a maximum facility amount of $20 million. The interest rate under the Credit Agreement will be a maximum of 1.50% over Daily 1-Month LIBOR, which may be reduced quarterly to 1.25% or 1.0% over Daily 1-Month LIBOR if the Company meets a specified ratio of consolidated debt to consolidated total capital, as

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defined which excludes FRP Riverfront. A commitment fee of 0.25% per annum is payable quarterly on the unused portion of the commitment but the amount may be reduced to 0.20% or 0.15% if the Company meets a specified ratio of consolidated total debt to consolidated total capital. The Credit Agreement contains certain conditions, affirmative financial covenants and negative covenants. As of December 31, 2022, there was no debt outstanding on this revolver, $562,000 outstanding under letters of credit and $19,438,000 available for borrowing. The letters of credit were issued to guarantee certain obligations to state agencies related to real estate development. Most of the letters of credit are irrevocable for a period of one year and typically are automatically extended for additional one-year periods. The letter of credit fee is 1% and applicable interest rate would have been 5.36871% on December 31, 2022. The credit agreement contains certain conditions and financial covenants, including a minimum tangible net worth and dividend restriction. As of December 31, 2022, these covenants would have limited our ability to pay dividends to a maximum of $249 million combined.

On November 17, 2017, Dock 79 borrowed a principal sum of $90,000,000 pursuant to a Loan Agreement and Deed of Trust Note entered into with EagleBank. The loan was secured by the Dock 79 real property and improvements, bore a fixed interest rate of 4.125% per annum and had a term of 120 months. The loan was paid in full on March 19, 2021. A prepayment penalty of $900,000 was recorded into interest expense in the quarter ending March 31, 2021.

Effective March 31, 2021, the Company consolidated the assets (at current fair value), liabilities and operating results of our Riverfront Investment Partners II, LLC partnership (“The Maren”) which was previously accounted for under the equity method. As such the full amount of our mortgage loan was recorded in the consolidated financial statements.

On March 19, 2021, the Company refinanced Dock 79 and The Maren projects pursuant to separate Loan Agreements and Deed of Trust Notes entered into with Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association of America, LLC. Dock 79 and The Maren borrowed principal sums of $92,070,000 and $88,000,000 respectively, in connection with the refinancing. The loans are separately secured by the Dock 79 and The Maren real property and improvements, bear a fixed interest rate of 3.03% per annum, and require monthly payments of interest only with the principal in full due April 1, 2033. Either loan may be prepaid subsequent to April 1, 2024, subject to yield maintenance premiums. Either loan may be transferred to a qualified buyer as part of a one-time sale subject to a 60% loan to value, minimum of 7.5% debt yield and a 0.75% transfer fee.

Debt cost amortization of $148,000 was recorded in 2022. During 2022 and 2021, the Company capitalized interest costs of $2,601,000 and $3,783,000, respectively.

The Company was in compliance with all debt covenants as of December 31, 2022.

| 5. | Leases.

The Company is a lessor of residential apartment homes, retail portions of mixed-use communities, commercial properties, and open pit aggregates quarries.

Residential

The Company’s residential spaces generally lease for 12 – 15-month lease terms and 90 days prior to the expiration, as long as there is no balance due, the tenant is offered a renewal. If no notice to move out or renew is made, then the leases go to month to month until notification of termination or renewal is received. Renewal terms are typically 9 – 12 months. In 2021, due to the DC legislation in place freezing rent increases as a part of a covid relief plan, FRP was unable to increase rental rates for renewals. This legislation was lifted in February 2022.

Retail

The Company also leases retail spaces at apartment/mixed-use properties. The retail leases are typically 10 -15-year leases with options to renew for another 5 years. Retail leases at these properties also include percentage rents which average 3-6% of annual sales for the tenant that exceed a breakpoint stipulated by each individual lease. All base rent

65

revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis.

Commercial & Office

The Company’s industrial warehouses typically lease for terms ranging from 3 – 10 years often with one or two renewal options. All base rent revenue is recognized on a straight-lined basis. All of the commercial warehouse leases are triple net and common area maintenance costs (CAM Revenue) are billed monthly, and insurance and real estate taxes are billed annually. 34 Loveton is the only office product wherein all leases are full service therefore there is no CAM revenue. Office leases are also recognized on a straight-lined basis.

Mining

The Company leases land under long-term leases that grant the lessee the right to mine and sell reserves from our property in exchange for royalty payments. A typical lease has an option to extend the lease for additional terms.

At December 31, 2022, the total Carrying value of property owned by the Company which is leased or held for lease to others is summarized as follows (in thousands):

Construction aggregates property |  | $ | 46,816 |
Commercial property |  |  | 92,721 |
Residential/mixed-use property |  |  | 294,413 |
Carrying Value of property owned by the Company leased or held for lease, gross |  |  | 433,950 |
Less accumulated depreciation and depletion |  |  | 56,786 |
Carrying Value of property owned by the Company leased or held for lease, net |  | $ | 377,164 |

The minimum future straight-lined rentals due the Company on noncancelable leases as of December 31, 2022 are as follows: 2023 - $17,060,000; 2024 - $6,903,000; 2025 - $6,457,000; 2026 - $5,377,000; 2027 - $3,941,000; 2028 and subsequent years $21,693,000.

| 6. | Earnings per Share.

The following details the computations of the Basic and diluted earnings per common share (in thousands, except per share amounts):

|  | Years Ended December 31
|  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Common shares: |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted average common shares outstanding during the period – shares used for basic earnings per common share |  |  | 9,386 |  |  |  | 9,355 |  |  |  | 9,580 |
Common shares issuable under share based payments plans which are potentially dilutive |  |  | 49 |  |  |  | 42 |  |  |  | 29 |
Common shares used for diluted earnings per common share |  |  | 9,435 |  |  |  | 9,397 |  |  |  | 9,609 |
Net income attributable to the Company |  | $ | 4,565 |  |  |  | 28,215 |  |  |  | 12,715 |
Earnings per common share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
-basic |  | $ | 0.49 |  |  |  | 3.02 |  |  |  | 1.33 |

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-diluted |  | $ | 0.48 |  |  |  | 3.00 |  |  |  | 1.32 |

For 2022 the Company did not have any outstanding anti-dilutive stock options. For 2021, 6,680 shares attributable to outstanding stock options were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share because their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive.

During 2021 the Company repurchased 6,004 shares at an average cost of $43.95. During 2020 the Company repurchased 510,145 shares at an average cost of $41.78.

| 7. | Stock-Based Compensation Plans.

The Company has two Stock Option Plans (the 2006 Stock Incentive Plan and the 2016 Equity Incentive Option Plan) under which options for shares of common stock were granted to directors, officers and key employees. The 2016 plan permits the grant of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, restricted stock units, or stock awards. The options awarded under the plans have similar characteristics. All stock options are non-qualified and expire ten years from the date of grant. Stock based compensation awarded to directors, officers and employees are exercisable immediately or become exercisable in cumulative installments of 20% or 25% at the end of each year following the date of grant. When stock options are exercised the Company issues new shares after receipt of exercise proceeds and taxes due, if any, from the grantee.

The Company utilizes the Black-Scholes valuation model for estimating fair value of stock compensation for options awarded to officers and employees. Each grant is evaluated based upon assumptions at the time of grant. The assumptions were no dividend yield, expected volatility between 29% and 41%, risk-free interest rate of 1.9% to 2.9% and expected life of 3.0 to 7.0 years.

The dividend yield of zero is based on the fact that the Company does not pay cash dividends and has no present intention to pay cash dividends. Expected volatility is estimated based on the Company’s historical experience over a period equivalent to the expected life in years. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury constant maturity interest rate at the date of grant with a term consistent with the expected life of the options granted. The expected life calculation is based on the observed and expected time to exercise options by the employees.

In January 2022, 7,448 shares of restricted stock were granted to employees that will vest over the next four years. In January 2022, 14,016 shares of restricted stock were granted to employees as part of a long-term incentive plan that will vest over the next five years. In January 2021, 8,896 shares of restricted stock were granted to employees that will vest over the next four years. In January 2021, 18,882 shares of restricted stock were granted to employees as part of a long-term incentive plan that will vest over the next five years. In March 2020, 20,520 shares of restricted stock were granted to employees as part of a long-term incentive plan that will vest over the next five years. The number of common shares available for future issuance was 367,641 at December 31, 2022. In January 2022, January 2021 and March 2020, 865, 1,098 and 11,448 shares of stock, respectively, were granted to employees rather than stock options as in prior years.

The Company recorded the following Stock compensation expense in its consolidated statements of income (in thousands):

|  | Years Ended December 31,
|  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Stock option grants |  | $ | 69 |  |  |  | 69 |  |  |  | 92 |
Restricted stock awards |  |  | 800 |  |  |  | 492 |  |  |  | 250 |
Employee stock grant |  |  | 50 |  |  |  | 50 |  |  |  | 530 |
Annual director stock award |  |  | 650 |  |  |  | 500 |  |  |  | 500 |
Stock compensation |  | $ | 1,569 |  |  |  | 1,111 |  |  |  | 1,372 |

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A Summary of changes in outstanding options is presented below (in thousands, except share and per share amounts):

|  |  | Weighted |  | Weighted |  | Weighted
| Number |  | Average |  | Average |  | Average
| of |  | Exercise |  | Remaining |  | Grant Date
Options | Shares |  | Price |  | Term (yrs) |  | Fair Value(000's)
Outstanding at |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
January 1, 2020 |  | 132,504 |  |  | $ | 33.82 |  |  |  | 5.8 |  |  | $ | 1,631 |
Exercised |  | (12,415 | ) |  | $ | 19.23 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (100 | )
Outstanding at |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
December 31, 2020 |  | 120,089 |  |  | $ | 35.33 |  |  |  | 5.3 |  |  | $ | 1,531 |
Exercised |  | (15,334 | ) |  | $ | 17.54 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (115 | )
Outstanding at |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
December 31, 2021 |  | 104,755 |  |  | $ | 37.93 |  |  |  | 4.8 |  |  | $ | 1,416 |
Exercised |  | (16,460 | ) |  | $ | 25.07 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (145 | )
Outstanding at |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
December 31, 2022 |  | 88,295 |  |  | $ | 40.33 |  |  |  | 4.4 |  |  | $ | 1,271 |
Exercisable at |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
December 31, 2022 |  | 84,305 |  |  | $ | 40.07 |  |  |  | 4.3 |  |  | $ | 1,205 |
Vested during |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
twelve months ended |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
December 31, 2022 |  | 4,179 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 69 |

The following table summarizes information concerning Stock options outstanding at December 31, 2022:

|  |  |  | Shares |  |  | Weighted |  |  | Weighted |
Range of Exercise |  |  |  | under |  |  | Average |  |  | Average |
Prices per Share |  |  |  | Option |  |  | Exercise Price |  | Remaining Life
Non-exercisable: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
$43.16 - $45.97 |  |  |  | 3,990 |  |  |  | $ | 45.97 |  |  |  | 5.9 | Years
Exercisable: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
$29.96 - $35.95 |  |  |  | 22,750 |  |  |  |  | 29.62 |  |  |  | 1.9 |
$35.96 - $43.15 |  |  |  | 12,000 |  |  |  |  | 38.45 |  |  |  | 4.0 |
$43.16 - $45.97 |  |  |  | 49,555 |  |  |  |  | 45.25 |  |  |  | 5.4 |
|  |  |  | 84,305 |  |  |  | $ | 40.07 |  |  |  | 4.3 | Years
Total |  |  |  | 88,295 |  |  |  | $ | 40.33 |  |  |  | 4.4 | Years

The aggregate intrinsic value of exercisable in-the-money options was $1,163,000 and the aggregate intrinsic value of outstanding in-the-money options was $1,194,000 based on the market closing price of $53.86 on December 30, 2022 less exercise prices.

The unrecognized compensation cost of options granted to FRP employees but not yet vested as of December 31, 2022 was $60,000, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of .9 years.

Gains of $571,000 were realized by option holders during the year ended December 31, 2022.

A Summary of changes in restricted stock awards is presented below (in thousands, except share and per share amounts):

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|  |  |  | Weighted |  | Weighted |  | Weighted
|  | Number |  | Average |  | Average |  | Average
|  | Of |  | Exercise |  | Remaining |  | Grant Date
Restricted stock |  | Shares |  | Price |  | Term (yrs) |  | Fair Value(000's)
Non-vested at January 1, 2020 |  |  | 0 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  |  |  | $ | 0 |
Performance-based awards granted |  |  | 20,520 |  |  |  | 46.30 |  |  |  |  |  | 950 |
Non-vested at December 31, 2020 |  |  | 20,520 |  |  | $ | 46.30 |  |  | 3.4 |  | $ | 950 |
Time-based awards granted |  |  | 8,896 |  |  |  | 45.55 |  |  |  |  |  | 405 |
Performance-based awards granted |  |  | 18,882 |  |  |  | 45.55 |  |  |  |  |  | 860 |
Vested |  |  | (2,224 | ) |  |  | 45.55 |  |  |  |  |  | (101 | )
Non-vested at December 31, 2021 |  |  | 46,074 |  |  | $ | 45.88 |  |  | 3.1 |  | $ | 2,114 |
Time-based awards granted |  |  | 7,448 |  |  |  | 57.80 |  |  |  |  |  | 431 |
Performance-based awards granted |  |  | 14,016 |  |  |  | 57.80 |  |  |  |  |  | 810 |
Vested |  |  | (15,679 | ) |  |  | 47.56 |  |  |  |  |  | (746 | )
Forfeited |  |  | (1,363 | ) |  |  | 46.30 |  |  |  |  |  | (63 | )
Non-vested at December 31, 2022 |  |  | 50,496 |  |  | $ | 50.42 |  |  | 3.0 |  | $ | 2,546 |

Total unrecognized compensation cost of restricted stock granted but not yet vested as of December 31, 2022 was $2,142,000 which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 3.1 years.

| 8. | Income Taxes.

The Provision for income tax expense included in the financial statements (in thousands):

|  | Years Ended December 31,
|  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Included in Net income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Continuing operations |  | $ | 1,530 |  |  |  | 10,281 |  |  |  | 3,207 |
Comprehensive income |  |  | (515 | ) |  |  | (209 | ) |  |  | (92 | )
Total tax expense |  | $ | 1,015 |  |  |  | 10,072 |  |  |  | 3,115 |

The Provision for income taxes (income tax benefit) consists of the following (in thousands):

|  | Year Ended December 31,
|  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Current: |  |  |  |  |  |
Federal |  | $ | (214 | ) |  |  | 305 |  |  |  | (2,667 | )
State |  |  | (571 | ) |  |  | 1,826 |  |  |  | (213 | )
Current income tax expense |  |  | (785 | ) |  |  | 2,131 |  |  |  | (2,880 | )
Deferred |  |  | 1,800 |  |  |  | 7,941 |  |  |  | 5,995 |
Total |  | $ | 1,015 |  |  |  | 10,072 |  |  |  | 3,115 |

The deferred taxes are primarily related to the bonus depreciation on property placed in service. Taxes in 2020 were favorably impacted by $1,100,000 due to a carryback of our 2020 tax net operating loss to fiscal 2016 when the federal

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tax rate was 35%.

As of December 31, 2022 the company has deferred taxes of approximately $31 million associated with $112 million of gains on sales reinvested through Opportunity Zone investments. These taxes are deferred until the earlier of the sale of the related investments or December 31, 2026 and 10% of gains are excluded from tax once the investments are held five years plus an additional 5% is excluded at seven years.

A reconciliation between the amount of tax shown above and the amount computed at the statutory Federal income tax rate follows (in thousands): Income tax reconciliation

|  | Year Ended December 31
|  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Amount computed at statutory |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Federal rate |  | $ | 924 |  |  |  | 7,941 |  |  |  | 3,226 |
State income taxes (net of Federal income tax benefit) |  |  | (30 | ) |  |  | 2,634 |  |  |  | 1,048 |
Carryback of net operating loss |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1,100 | )
Other, net |  |  | 121 |  |  |  | (503 | ) |  |  | (59 | )
Provision for income taxes |  | $ | 1,015 |  |  |  | 10,072 |  |  |  | 3,115 |

In this reconciliation, the category “Other, net” consists of permanent tax differences related to non-deductible expenses, special tax rates and tax credits, interest paid and penalties, and adjustments to prior year estimates.

The types of temporary differences and their related tax effects that give rise to deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are presented below (in thousands):Temporary tax differences

|  | December 31,
|  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Deferred tax liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Property and equipment |  | $ | 41,866 |  |  |  | 38,143 |  |  |  | 25,468 |
Investment in opportunity zone |  |  | 34,871 |  |  |  | 30,846 |  |  |  | 30,846 |
Depletion |  |  | 697 |  |  |  | 704 |  |  |  | 708 |
Unrealized rents |  |  | 150 |  |  |  | 58 |  |  |  | 27 |
Prepaid expenses |  |  | 31 |  |  |  | 36 |  |  |  | 50 |
Gross deferred tax liabilities |  |  | 77,615 |  |  |  | 69,787 |  |  |  | 57,099 |
Deferred tax assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Federal tax loss carryforwards |  |  | 6,375 |  |  |  | 3,235 |  |  |  | — |
State tax loss carryforwards |  |  | 2,359 |  |  |  | 1,388 |  |  |  | — |
Employee benefits and other |  |  | 921 |  |  |  | 1,117 |  |  |  | 993 |
Gross deferred tax assets |  |  | 9,655 |  |  |  | 5,740 |  |  |  | 993 |
Net deferred tax liability |  | $ | 67,960 |  |  |  | 64,047 |  |  |  | 56,106 |

NOL Carryovers

|  | Years Ended
Other Items - All Gross |  |  | 12/31/2022 |  |  |  | 12/31/2021 |
State NOL Carryovers |  |  | 38,169,229 |  |  |  | 23,111,156 |
Federal NOL Carryovers |  |  | 30,357,222 |  |  |  | 15,406,397 |

The Company has no unrecognized tax benefits.

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FRP tax returns in the U.S. and various states that include the Company are subject to audit by taxing authorities. As of December 31, 2022, the earliest tax year that remains open for audit is 2017. Our effective income tax expense may vary, possibly materially, due to projected effective state tax rates.

| 9. | Employee Benefits.

The Company and certain subsidiaries have a savings/profit sharing plan for the benefit of qualified employees. The savings feature of the plan incorporates the provisions of Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code under which an eligible employee may elect to save a portion (within limits) of their compensation on a tax deferred basis. The Company contributes to a participant’s account an amount equal to 50% (with certain limits) of the participant’s contribution. Additionally, the Company may make an annual discretionary contribution to the plan as determined by the Board of Directors, with certain limitations. The plan provides for deferred vesting with benefits payable upon retirement or earlier termination of employment. The Company’s cost was $54,000 in 2022 and $49,000 in 2021.

The Company has a deferred compensation plan, the Management Security Plan (MSP) for our President. The accruals for future benefits are based upon actuarial assumptions. Life insurance on his life has been purchased to partially fund this benefit and the Company is the owner and beneficiary of that policy. The expense for 2022 and 2021, was $10,000 and $8,000, respectively. The accrued benefit under this plan as of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 was $1,354,000 and $1,302,000, respectively.

| 10. | Business Segments.

The Company is reporting its financial performance based on four reportable segments, Asset Management, Mining Royalty Lands, Development and Stabilized Joint Venture, as described below.

The Asset Management Segment owns, leases and manages in-service commercial properties wholly owned by the Company. Currently this includes seven warehouses in two business parks, an office building partially occupied by the Company, and two ground leases.

Our Mining Royalty Lands segment owns several properties comprising approximately 16,650 acres currently under lease for mining rents or royalties (this does not include the 4,280 acres owned in our Brooksville joint venture with Vulcan Materials). Other than one location in Virginia, all of these properties are located in Florida and Georgia.

Through our Development segment, we own and are continuously assessing for their highest and best use for several parcels of land that are in various stages of development. Our overall strategy in this segment is to convert all of our non-income producing lands into income production through (i) an orderly process of constructing new buildings for us to own and operate or (ii) a sale to, or joint venture with, third parties. Additionally, our Development segment will form joint ventures on new developments of land not previously owned by the Company.

The Stabilized Joint Venture segment includes joint ventures which own, lease and manage buildings that have met our initial lease-up criteria. Two of our joint ventures in the segment, Riverfront Investment Partners I, LLC (“Dock 79”) and Riverfront Investment Partners II, LLC (“The Maren”) are consolidated. The Maren was consolidated effective March 31, 2021 and prior periods are still reflected under the equity method. The ownership of Dock 79 and The Maren (commencing March, 2021) attributable to our partner MidAtlantic Realty Partners, LLC (MRP) is reflected on our consolidated balance sheet as a noncontrolling interest. Such noncontrolling interests are reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheets within equity but separately from shareholders' equity. On the Consolidated Statements of Income, all of the revenues and expenses from Dock 79 are reported in net income, including both the amounts attributable to the Company and the noncontrolling interest. The Maren is reflected in Equity in loss of joint ventures on the Consolidated Statements of Income for the periods up to March 31, 2021 but is reflected like Dock 79 for periods commencing April 1, 2021. The amounts of consolidated net income attributable to the noncontrolling interest is clearly identified on the

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accompanying Consolidated Statements of Income.

Operating results and certain other financial data for the Company’s business segments are as follows (in thousands):

|  |  | Years Ended December 31,
|  |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
| Revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenues | Asset management |  | $ | 3,681 |  |  |  | 2,575 |  |  |  | 2,747 |
Revenues | Mining royalty lands |  |  | 10,683 |  |  |  | 9,465 |  |  |  | 9,477 |
Revenues | Development |  |  | 1,674 |  |  |  | 1,563 |  |  |  | 1,152 |
Revenues | Stabilized Joint Venture |  |  | 21,443 |  |  |  | 17,617 |  |  |  | 10,207 |
Revenues |  |  | $ | 37,481 |  |  |  | 31,220 |  |  |  | 23,583 |
| Operating profit: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Before corporate expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating profit before corporate expenses | Asset management |  | $ | 1,592 |  |  |  | 612 |  |  |  | 907 |
Operating profit before corporate expenses | Mining royalty lands |  |  | 9,305 |  |  |  | 8,558 |  |  |  | 8,629 |
Operating profit before corporate expenses | Development |  |  | (2,791 | ) |  |  | (2,548 | ) |  |  | (2,576 | )
Operating profit before corporate expenses | Stabilized Joint Venture |  |  | 3,552 |  |  |  | (1,277 | ) |  |  | 1,685 |
Operating profit before corporate expenses | Operating profit before corporate expenses |  |  | 11,658 |  |  |  | 5,345 |  |  |  | 8,645 |
| Corporate expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Corporate expenses | Allocated to asset management |  |  | (632 | ) |  |  | (843 | ) |  |  | (909 | )
Corporate expenses | Allocated to mining royalty lands |  |  | (414 | ) |  |  | (318 | ) |  |  | (288 | )
Corporate expenses | Allocated to Development |  |  | (2,284 | ) |  |  | (1,557 | ) |  |  | (2,108 | )
Corporate expenses | Allocated to Stabilized Joint Venture |  |  | (332 | ) |  |  | (353 | ) |  |  | (206 | )
Corporate expenses |  |  |  | (3,662 | ) |  |  | (3,071 | ) |  |  | (3,511 | )
Operating profit |  |  | $ | 7,996 |  |  |  | 2,274 |  |  |  | 5,134 |
Interest expense | Interest expense |  | $ | 3,045 |  |  |  | 2,304 |  |  |  | 1,100 |
| Depreciation, depletion and amortization: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation, depletion and amortization | Asset management |  | $ | 907 |  |  |  | 578 |  |  |  | 652 |
Depreciation, depletion and amortization | Mining royalty lands |  |  | 586 |  |  |  | 199 |  |  |  | 218 |
Depreciation, depletion and amortization | Development |  |  | 189 |  |  |  | 208 |  |  |  | 214 |
Depreciation, depletion and amortization | Stabilized Joint Venture |  |  | 9,535 |  |  |  | 11,752 |  |  |  | 4,744 |
Depreciation, depletion and amortization |  |  | $ | 11,217 |  |  |  | 12,737 |  |  |  | 5,828 |
| Capital expenditures: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Capital expenditures | Asset management |  | $ | 1,284 |  |  |  | 852 |  |  |  | 924 |
Capital expenditures | Mining royalty lands |  |  | 11,218 |  |  |  | 522 |  |  |  | — |
Capital expenditures | Development |  |  | 14,521 |  |  |  | 14,242 |  |  |  | 16,547 |
Capital expenditures | Stabilized Joint Venture |  |  | 592 |  |  |  | 914 |  |  |  | 73 |
Capital expenditures |  |  | $ | 27,615 |  |  |  | 16,530 |  |  |  | 17,544 |

Identifiable net assets

| Identifiable net assets at end of period: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Assets | Asset management |  | $ | 26,053 |  |  |  | 23,897 |  |  |  | 11,172 |
Assets | Mining royalty lands |  |  | 48,494 |  |  |  | 37,627 |  |  |  | 37,387 |
Assets | Development |  |  | 188,834 |  |  |  | 176,386 |  |  |  | 196,212 |
Assets | Stabilized Joint Venture |  |  | 257,535 |  |  |  | 266,429 |  |  |  | 130,472 |
Investments available for sale | Investments available for sale at fair value |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4,317 |  |  |  | 75,609 |
Cash | Cash items |  |  | 178,294 |  |  |  | 162,273 |  |  |  | 74,105 |
Assets | Unallocated corporate assets |  |  | 1,874 |  |  |  | 7,261 |  |  |  | 11,403 |
Assets |  |  | $ | 701,084 |  |  |  | 678,190 |  |  |  | 536,360 |

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| 11. | Fair Value Measurements.

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value hierarchy prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels. Level 1 means the use of quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 means the use of values that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data. Level 3 means the use of inputs are those that are unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement.

At December 31, 2022, the Company was invested U.S. Treasury notes valued at $161,585,000 maturing in late 2023. The unrealized loss on these investments of $1,903,000 was recorded as part of comprehensive income and was based on the estimated market value by Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. (Level 1).

At December 31, 2022 and 2021, the carrying amount reported in the consolidated balance sheets for cash and cash equivalents including U.S. Treasury notes was adjusted to fair value as described above.

The fair values of the Company’s other mortgage notes payable were estimated based on current rates available to the Company for debt of the same remaining maturities. At December 31, 2022, the carrying amount and fair value of such other long-term debt was $180,070,000 and $142,785,000, respectively. At December 31, 2021, the carrying amount and fair value of such other long-term debt was $180,070,000 and $174,111,000, respectively.

| 12. | Contingent Liabilities.

The Company may be involved in litigation on a number of matters and is subject to certain claims which arise in the normal course of business. The Company has retained certain self-insurance risks with respect to losses for third party liability and property damage. In the opinion of management, none of these matters are expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

The Company is subject to numerous environmental laws and regulations. The Company believes that the ultimate disposition of currently known environmental matters will not have a material effect on its financial position, liquidity, or operations. The Company can give no assurance that previous environmental studies with respect to its properties have revealed all potential environmental contaminants; that any previous owner, occupant or tenant did not create any material environmental condition not known to the Company; that the current environmental condition of the properties will not be affected by tenants and occupants, by the condition of nearby properties, or by unrelated third parties; and that changes in applicable environmental laws and regulations or their interpretation will not result in additional environmental liability to the Company.

As of December 31, 2022, there was $562,000 outstanding under letters of credit. The letters of credit were issued to guarantee certain obligations to state agencies related to real estate development.

The Company and MRP guaranteed $26 million of the construction loan on the Bryant Street Partnerships in exchange for a 1% lower interest rate. The Company and MRP have a side agreement limiting the Company’s guarantee to its proportionate ownership. The value of the guarantee was calculated at $1.9 million based on the present value of the 1% interest savings over the anticipated 48-month term. This amount is included as part of the Company’s investment basis and is amortized to expense over the 48 months. The Company will evaluate the guarantee liability based upon the success of the project and assuming no payments are made under the guarantee the Company will have a gain for $1.9 million when the loan is paid in full. Borrower may prepay a portion of the unpaid principal to satisfy such tests.

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| 13. | Commitments.

The Company, at December 31, 2022, had entered into various contracts to develop and maintain real estate with remaining commitments totaling $2,133,000.

As of December 31, 2022, we had additional financing commitments to our residential development lending ventures totaling $30.8 million of which $8.3 million is budgeted for in 2023.

| 14. | Concentrations.

The mining royalty lands segment has a total of five tenants currently leasing mining locations and one lessee that accounted for 23% of the Company’s consolidated revenues during 2022 and $453,000 of accounts receivable at December 31, 2022. The termination of these lessees’ underlying leases could have a material adverse effect on the Company. The Company places its cash and cash equivalents with Wells Fargo Bank and First Horizon Bank. At times, such amounts may exceed FDIC limits.

| 15. | Unusual or Infrequent Items Impacting Quarterly Results.

On March 31, 2021, the Company consolidated the assets (at fair value), liabilities and operating results of The Maren real estate partnership. The consolidation resulted in a gain on remeasurement of investment in real estate partnership of $51,139,000 of which $13,965,000 was attributed to noncontrolling interest.

Provision for income taxes in the fourth quarter of 2020 was favorably impacted by $1,100,000 due to a carryback of our 2020 tax net operating loss to fiscal 2016 when the federal tax rate was 35%.

| 16. | Intangible Assets.

The Company has allocated the purchase price of property acquisitions based upon the fair value of the assets acquired, consisting of land, buildings and intangible assets, including in-place leases and below market leases. These deferred leasing intangible assets are recorded within Deferred Costs and Deferred lease intangible, net in the consolidated balance sheets. The value of the in-place lease intangibles will be amortized over the remaining lease terms. The fair value assigned pertaining to the above market in-place leases values are amortized as a reduction to rental revenue, and the below market in-place lease values are amortized as an increase to rental revenue over the remaining non-cancelable terms of the respective leases.

The Company reviews intangible assets for impairment, whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. Recoverability of long-lived assets is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of the asset group to the future undiscounted net cash flows expected to be generated by those assets. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment charge recognized is the amount by which the carrying amounts of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets.

The Company had the following Acquired lease intangibles (in thousands):

|  | Years Ended December 31, |
|  | 2022 |  | 2021 |
In-place leases |  | $ | 9,660 |  |  | $ | 9,660 |
Accumulated amortization |  | $ | (9,357 | ) |  | $ | (8,798 | )
Acquired intangible assets, net |  | $ | 303 |  |  | $ | 862 |

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Amortization expense for in-place leases was $559,000 and $3,946,000 for 2022 and 2021, respectively, and is included in the Depreciation, depletion and amortization line in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The Estimated aggregate amortization from acquired lease intangibles for the next five years are as follows (in thousands):

|  | Amortization
Year Ending |  | of in-place
December 31, |  | lease intangibles
| 2023 |  |  | $ | 29 |  |
| 2024 |  |  |  | 29 |  |
| 2025 |  |  |  | 29 |  |
| 2026 |  |  |  | 29 |  |
| 2027 |  |  |  | 29 |  |

| 17. | Contributions from partner.

On November 4, 2022 the Company sold a 20% ownership interest in tenancy-in-common (TIC) of Dock 79 and The Maren for $65.3 million to a new partner Steuart Investment Company (SIC). Net of the mortgage assumption of $36.0 million and the Company’s share of transfer taxes and other transactions costs of $1.4 million the net contribution was $27.9 million. Of this amount $9.3 million was distributed to MRP and $18.6 million to the Company. A reallocation of partners’ interest of $7.7 million was recorded to Capital in excess of par value for the difference between the $18.6 million consideration received by the company and the net book value of the Company’s share of assets sold. Deferred income tax expense of $2.1 million was recorded to Capital in excess of par value on the Company’s reallocation. The Company continues to consolidate both properties because of continued control over major decisions for both properties.

| 18. | Subsequent Events.

None

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Report of Management

Management's Responsibility for the Financial Statements

Management of the Company is responsible for the preparation and integrity of the consolidated financial statements appearing in our Annual Report on Form 10-K. The financial statements were prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States appropriate in the circumstances and, accordingly, include certain amounts based on our best judgments and estimates. Financial information in this Annual Report on Form 10-K is consistent with that in the financial statements.

Management of the Company is responsible for establishing and maintaining a system of internal controls and procedures to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of the consolidated financial statements. Our internal control system is supported by a program of internal audits and appropriate reviews by management, written policies and guidelines, careful selection and training of qualified personnel, and a written Code of Business Conduct adopted by our Company's Board of Directors, applicable to all officers and employees of our Company and subsidiaries.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements and, even when determined to be effective, can only provide reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Management of the Company is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 ("Exchange Act"). Management assessed the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022. In making this assessment, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 Framework) ("COSO") in Internal Control—Integrated Framework. Based on this assessment, management believes that the Company maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022.

The Company's independent auditors, Hancock Askew& Co., LLP, a registered public accounting firm, are appointed by the Audit Committee of the Company's Board of Directors, subject to ratification by our Company's shareholders. Hancock Askew & Co., LLP has audited and reported on the consolidated financial statements of FRP Holdings, Inc. The report of the independent auditors is contained in this annual report.

Audit Committee's Responsibility

The Audit Committee of our Company's Board of Directors, composed solely of Directors who are independent in accordance with the requirements of the Nasdaq Stock Market listing standards, the Exchange Act, and the Company's Corporate Governance Guidelines, meets with the independent auditors, management and internal auditors periodically to discuss internal controls and auditing and financial reporting matters. The Audit Committee reviews with the independent auditors the scope and results of the audit effort. The Audit Committee also meets periodically with the independent auditors and the chief internal auditor without management present to ensure that the independent auditors and the chief internal auditor have free access to the Audit Committee. Our Audit Committee's Report can be found in the Company's 2021 Proxy Statement.

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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

The Shareholders and Board of Directors FRP Holdings, Inc.

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of FRP Holdings, Inc. (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2022, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2022, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Basis for Opinion

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matter

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involve especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of a critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

Real Estate Investment Accounting Assessment

Description of Matter

At December 31, 2022, the Company’s investments in real estate were $518 million including unconsolidated real estate ventures of $141 million. As explained in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company enters into real estate investments and performs an assessment as to which method of accounting is appropriate, whether the proper accounting is to

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determine whether to use the cost or equity method to account for an investment or whether to consolidate such investment. Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements provides a detail of unconsolidated real estate investments.

Application and auditing of the accounting treatment of the Company’s real estate investments, including the process of evaluating the use of the cost or equity method of accounting or the evaluation of criteria for consolidation based on the variable interest entity (VIE) model or a voting interest entity (VOE) model, is complex and requires significant judgment. This evaluation and analysis include the determination of which party, if any, has power to direct the activities most significant to the economic performance of each real estate venture and whether the venture has sufficient equity to finance its activities without additional subordinated support. Factors considered by management in determining whether the Company has the power to direct the activities include voting rights, involvement in day-to-day capital allocation and operating decisions and the extent of the Company’s involvement in the entity.

How We Addressed the Matter in Our Audit

We obtained an understanding, evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of relevant controls over the Company’s qualitative analysis that determines whether the Company has control over the venture, through influence, voting interest or through the presence of a variable interest in a real estate venture that would require consolidation.

For all investments in real estate ventures, our procedures include reading the operating agreements and other relevant documents and evaluating the structure and terms of the agreements and reviewing management’s evaluation of control over the entity and the applicability of the variable interest model as compared to the voting interest model. We evaluate management’s determination of whether the investee has sufficient equity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support and whether the equity holders lack the characteristics of a controlling financial interest. We consider management’s determination on whether the Company is the primary beneficiary or has a controlling financial interest that should be considered. We take into consideration evidence obtained in other areas of the audit, such as review of board minutes and status of the projects development to determine if any reconsideration of the findings is necessary.

Hancock Askew & Co., LLP

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2006.

Jacksonville, Florida

March 22, 2023

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DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS

Directors

John D. Baker II (1)

Chief Executive Officer of the Company

Charles E. Commander III (2)(3)

Retired Partner

Foley & Lardner

John S. Surface (2)(3)(4)

Chief Executive Officer of Covis Services

Martin E. Stein, Jr. (3)(4)

Executive Chairman of Regency Centers Corporation

Nicole B. Thomas (2)(3)(4)

President of Baptist Medical Center Jacksonville

William H. Walton (2)(3)(4)

Co-Founder and Managing Member of Rockpoint Group, LLC

Margaret Wetherbee

Attorney

_______________

(1) Member of the Executive Committee

(2) Member of the Audit Committee

(3) Member of the Compensation Committee

(4) Member of the Nominating Committee

Officers

John D. Baker II

Chief Executive Officer

David H. deVilliers, Jr.

President & Chief Operating Officer

David H. deVilliers III

Executive Vice President

John D. Baker III

Chief Financial Officer & Treasurer

John D. Milton, Jr.

Executive Vice President, Secretary & General Counsel

John D. Klopfenstein

Controller and Chief Accounting Officer

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FRP Holdings, Inc.

200 West Forsyth Street, 7th Floor

Jacksonville, Florida, 32202

Telephone: (904) 396-5733

Annual Meeting

Shareholders are cordially invited to attend the 2023 annual meeting of shareholders on Wednesday, May 10, 2023 at 11:00 a.m., Eastern Daylight Time. This year’s meeting will be held virtually. To participate in the annual meeting, go to www.frpdev.com, click the Investors tab, and then click the link titled “2023 Annual Shareholders Meeting”.

Transfer Agent

American Stock Transfer & Trust Company

59 Maiden Lane

Plaza Level

New York, NY 10038

Telephone: 1-800-937-5449

General Counsel

Nelson Mullins Riley & Scarborough LLP

Jacksonville, Florida

Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

Hancock Askew & Co., LLP

Jacksonville, Florida

Common Stock Listed

The Nasdaq Stock Market

(Symbol: FRPH)

Form 10-K

Shareholders may receive, without charge, a copy of FRP Holdings, Inc.’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission by writing to the Treasurer at 200 West Forsyth Street, 7th Floor, Jacksonville, Florida 32202. The most recent certifications by our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Accounting Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 are filed as exhibits to our Form 10-K.

Company Website

The Company’s website may be accessed at www.frpdev.com. All of our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission can be accessed through our website promptly after filing. This includes annual reports on Form 10-K, proxy statements, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports filed or furnished on Form 8-K and all related amendments.

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