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Income tax (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2023
Income tax |
Schedule of composition of income tax expenses | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Year ended
​ | ​ | December 31,
​ | ​ | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2023
​ | ​ | RMB | ​ | RMB | ​ | RMB
Current income tax expense |  | 200 |  | (471) |  | 195
Deferred tax expense |  | — |  | — |  | —
Total |  | 200 |  | (471) |  | 195
Schedule of composition of loss before tax | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Year ended
​ | ​ | December 31,
​ | ​ | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2023
​ | ​ | RMB | ​ | RMB | ​ | RMB
Loss from Mainland China operations |  | (1,095,499) |  | (717,979) |  | (330,426)
Income/(loss) from overseas operations |  | 1,587 |  | (13,613) |  | 25,721
Total loss before income tax |  | (1,093,912) |  | (731,592) |  | (304,705)
Schedule of reconciliations of the income tax expenses | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Year ended
​ | ​ | December 31,
​ | ​ | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2023
​ | ​ | RMB | ​ | RMB | ​ | RMB
Loss before income tax |  | (1,093,912) |  | (731,592) |  | (304,705)
Income tax benefit at PRC statutory tax rate |  | (273,478) |  | (182,898) |  | (76,176)
Effect of different tax rate of different jurisdictions |  | (135) |  | 1,428 |  | (1,930)
Effect of preferential tax rates |  | 4,460 |  | 3,983 |  | 3,427
Effect of Super Deduction for research and development expenses |  | (2,622) |  | (2,010) |  | (2,285)
Non-deductible expenses and non-taxable income |  | 54,862 |  | 29,314 |  | 28,385
Change in valuation allowance |  | 217,113 |  | 149,712 |  | 48,774
Total income tax expense/ (benefits) |  | 200 |  | (471) |  | 195
Schedule of deferred tax | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | As of
​ | ​ | December 31,
​ | ​ | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2023
​ | ​ | RMB | ​ | RMB | ​ | RMB
Deferred tax assets: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net operating losses carried forward |  | 308,981 |  | 442,384 |  | 551,813
Accruals and others |  | 67,952 |  | 84,261 |  | 23,606
Less: valuation allowance |  | (376,933) |  | (526,645) |  | (575,419)
Net deferred tax assets |  | — |  | — |  | —
Schedule of movement of valuation allowance | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Year ended
​ | ​ | December 31,
​ | ​ | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2023
​ | ​ | RMB | ​ | RMB | ​ | RMB
Balance at the beginning of the year |  | 159,820 |  | 376,933 |  | 526,645
Additions |  | 217,113 |  | 149,712 |  | 49,008
Loss utilized |  | — |  | — |  | (234)
Balance at the end of the year |  | 376,933 |  | 526,645 |  | 575,419

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- Definition Tabular disclosure of the components of income tax expense attributable to continuing operations for each year presented including, but not limited to: current tax expense (benefit), deferred tax expense (benefit), investment tax credits, government grants, the benefits of operating loss carryforwards, tax expense that results from allocating certain tax benefits either directly to contributed capital or to reduce goodwill or other noncurrent intangible assets of an acquired entity, adjustments of a deferred tax liability or asset for enacted changes in tax laws or rates or a change in the tax status of the entity, and adjustments of the beginning-of-the-year balances of a valuation allowance because of a change in circumstances that causes a change in judgment about the realizability of the related deferred tax asset in future years. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Paragraph 9 -Section 50 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-9 + Details
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- Definition Tabular disclosure of the components of net deferred tax asset or liability recognized in an entity's statement of financial position, including the following: the total of all deferred tax liabilities, the total of all deferred tax assets, the total valuation allowance recognized for deferred tax assets. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Paragraph 2 -Section 50 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-2 + Details
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- Definition Tabular disclosure of the reconciliation using percentage or dollar amounts of the reported amount of income tax expense attributable to continuing operations for the year to the amount of income tax expense that would result from applying domestic federal statutory tax rates to pretax income from continuing operations. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Paragraph 12 -Section 50 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-12 + Details
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- Definition Tabular disclosure of income before income tax between domestic and foreign jurisdictions. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef -Topic 235 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section S99 -Paragraph 1 -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h)(1)(Note 1)) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1 + Details
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- Definition Tabular disclosure of valuation allowances to reduce deferred tax assets to net realizable value, including identification of the deferred tax asset more likely than not will not be fully realized and the corresponding amount of the valuation allowance. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (c) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-2 + Details
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