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Convertible redeemable preferred shares - Key Transaction of Preferred Shares (Details) ¥ / shares in Units, $ / shares in Units, ¥ in Thousands, $ in Millions |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1 Months Ended | 12 Months Ended |  |
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Oct. 07, 2022 shares | Oct. 27, 2020 CNY (¥) ¥ / shares shares | Oct. 27, 2020 $ / shares | Aug. 12, 2019 CNY (¥) shares | Aug. 12, 2019 $ / shares | Jun. 05, 2019 CNY (¥) shares | Jun. 05, 2019 $ / shares | Aug. 06, 2018 CNY (¥) ¥ / shares shares | Jul. 03, 2018 CNY (¥) ¥ / shares shares | Jul. 03, 2018 $ / shares | Dec. 27, 2017 CNY (¥) ¥ / shares shares | Aug. 14, 2017 CNY (¥) ¥ / shares shares | May 18, 2017 CNY (¥) ¥ / shares shares | Apr. 08, 2016 CNY (¥) ¥ / shares shares | Nov. 30, 2023 $ / shares shares | Aug. 31, 2023 CNY (¥) | Oct. 31, 2022 $ / shares shares | Sep. 30, 2022 | Feb. 28, 2022 USD ($) $ / shares | Oct. 31, 2020 ¥ / shares shares | Oct. 31, 2020 $ / shares shares | Aug. 31, 2019 $ / shares shares | Jun. 30, 2019 $ / shares shares | Mar. 31, 2019 CNY (¥) shares | Aug. 31, 2018 ¥ / shares shares | Jul. 31, 2018 ¥ / shares shares | Jul. 31, 2018 $ / shares shares | Dec. 31, 2017 ¥ / shares shares | Nov. 30, 2017 CNY (¥) shares | Aug. 31, 2017 ¥ / shares shares | May 31, 2017 ¥ / shares shares | Dec. 31, 2022 shares | Dec. 31, 2023 shares | Dec. 31, 2021 shares
Convertible redeemable preferred shares |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Number of shares outstanding |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4,138,640,113 |  | 3,746,626,700
Aggregate principal amount | ¥ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ¥ 100,000 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Maturity term (in months) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6 months |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Number of shares converted from convertible notes |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 392,013,413 |  |
Series F Convertible Notes |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Convertible redeemable preferred shares |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Aggregate principal amount | $ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ 221.8 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Simple interest rate (in percent) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 8.00% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Maturity term (in months) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 10 months |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Conversion price | $ / shares |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ 0.5659 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Threshold period for completion of conversion (in days) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 5 days |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Series A Preferred Shares |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Convertible redeemable preferred shares |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Number of shares issued |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 58,480,000 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Aggregate cash consideration | ¥ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ¥ 18,000 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Issue price per share | ¥ / shares |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ¥ 0.3078 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Series A+ Preferred Shares |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Convertible redeemable preferred shares |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Number of shares issued |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 84,480,000 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 84,480,000 |  |  |
Aggregate cash consideration | ¥ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ¥ 28,890 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Issue price per share | ¥ / shares |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ¥ 0.3420 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ¥ 0.3420 |  |  |
Number of shares outstanding |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 84,480,000 | 0 | 84,480,000
Series B Preferred Shares |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Convertible redeemable preferred shares |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Number of shares issued |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 649,760,000 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 649,760,000 |  |  |  |
Aggregate cash consideration | ¥ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ¥ 250,000 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Issue price per share | ¥ / shares |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ¥ 0.3848 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ¥ 0.3848 |  |  |  |
Number of ordinary shares re-designated to temporary equity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 114,360,000 |  |  |  |  |
Total consideration for transfer of shares | ¥ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ¥ 44,000 |  |  |  |  |
Number of shares re-designated |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 29,911,000 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Number of shares outstanding |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 734,209,000 | 0 | 734,209,000
Series B+ Preferred Shares |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Convertible redeemable preferred shares |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Number of shares issued |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 277,730,000 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 277,730,000 |  |  |  |  |  |
Aggregate cash consideration | ¥ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ¥ 187,000 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Issue price per share | ¥ / shares |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ¥ 0.6733 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ¥ 0.6733 |  |  |  |  |  |
Number of shares outstanding |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 277,730,000 | 0 | 277,730,000
Series C1 Preferred Shares |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Convertible redeemable preferred shares |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Number of shares issued |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 604,820,600 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 604,820,600 | 604,820,600 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Aggregate cash consideration | ¥ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ¥ 573,980 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Issue price per share | (per share) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ¥ 0.9334 | $ 0.1404 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ¥ 0.9334 | $ 0.1404 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Number of shares outstanding |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 604,820,600 | 0 | 604,820,600
Series C2 Preferred Shares |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Convertible redeemable preferred shares |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Number of shares issued |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 289,379,800 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 289,379,800 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Aggregate cash consideration | ¥ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ¥ 270,520 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Issue price per share | ¥ / shares |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ¥ 0.9334 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ¥ 0.9334 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Number of ordinary shares re-designated to temporary equity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 53,568,200 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Number of shares re-designated |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 29,911,000 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Number of shares outstanding |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 372,859,000 | 0 | 372,859,000
Series C2 Convertible Redeemable Preferred Shares, re-designated from Series B Preferred Shares |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Convertible redeemable preferred shares |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total consideration for transfer of shares | ¥ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ¥ 27,920 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Series C2 Convertible Redeemable Preferred Shares, re-designated from Series B Preferred Shares and Ordinary Shares held by Series Seed |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Convertible redeemable preferred shares |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total consideration for transfer of shares | ¥ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ¥ 50,000 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Series D1 Preferred Shares |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Convertible redeemable preferred shares |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Number of shares issued |  |  |  |  |  | 705,523,600 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 705,523,600 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Aggregate cash consideration | ¥ |  |  |  |  |  | ¥ 923,180 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Issue price per share | $ / shares |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ 0.1899 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ 0.1899 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Number of shares outstanding |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 705,523,600 | 0 | 705,523,600
Series D2 Preferred Shares |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Convertible redeemable preferred shares |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Number of shares issued |  |  |  | 105,302,000 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 105,302,000 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Aggregate cash consideration | ¥ |  |  |  | ¥ 141,460 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Issue price per share | $ / shares |  |  |  |  | $ 0.1899 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ 0.1899 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Number of shares outstanding |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 105,302,000 | 0 | 105,302,000
Series E Preferred Shares |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Convertible redeemable preferred shares |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Number of shares issued |  | 803,222,500 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 803,222,500 | 803,222,500 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Aggregate cash consideration | ¥ |  | ¥ 1,819,780 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Issue price per share | (per share) |  | ¥ 2.3119 | $ 0.3425 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ¥ 2.3119 | $ 0.3425 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Number of shares outstanding |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 803,222,500 | 0 | 803,222,500
Series F Preferred Shares |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Convertible redeemable preferred shares |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Number of shares issued |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 392,013,413 |  | 392,013,413 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Issue price per share | $ / shares |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ 0.5659 |  | $ 0.5659 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Number of shares outstanding |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 392,013,413 | 0 |
Number of shares converted from convertible notes |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 392,013,413 |  |
Series F Preferred Shares | Series F Convertible Notes |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Convertible redeemable preferred shares |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Number of shares converted from convertible notes | 392,013,413 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

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- Definition Contractual interest rate for funds borrowed, under the debt agreement. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 470 -SubTopic 20 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 1B -Subparagraph (b) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1B Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 210 -SubTopic 10 -Section S99 -Paragraph 1 -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.22(a)(1)) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1 + Details
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