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Income tax (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Income tax  
Schedule of composition of income tax expenses

    

Year ended

December 31,

2021

    

2022

    

2023

RMB

RMB

RMB

Current income tax expense

 

200

 

(471)

 

195

Deferred tax expense

 

 

 

Total

 

200

 

(471)

 

195

Schedule of composition of loss before tax

    

Year ended

December 31,

2021

    

2022

    

2023

RMB

RMB

RMB

Loss from Mainland China operations

 

(1,095,499)

 

(717,979)

 

(330,426)

Income/(loss) from overseas operations

 

1,587

 

(13,613)

 

25,721

Total loss before income tax

 

(1,093,912)

 

(731,592)

 

(304,705)

Schedule of reconciliations of the income tax expenses

    

Year ended

December 31,

2021

    

2022

    

2023

RMB

RMB

RMB

Loss before income tax

 

(1,093,912)

 

(731,592)

 

(304,705)

Income tax benefit at PRC statutory tax rate

 

(273,478)

 

(182,898)

 

(76,176)

Effect of different tax rate of different jurisdictions

 

(135)

 

1,428

 

(1,930)

Effect of preferential tax rates

 

4,460

 

3,983

 

3,427

Effect of Super Deduction for research and development expenses

 

(2,622)

 

(2,010)

 

(2,285)

Non-deductible expenses and non-taxable income

 

54,862

 

29,314

 

28,385

Change in valuation allowance

 

217,113

 

149,712

 

48,774

Total income tax expense/ (benefits)

 

200

 

(471)

 

195

Schedule of deferred tax

    

As of

December 31,

2021

    

2022

    

2023

RMB

RMB

RMB

Deferred tax assets:

Net operating losses carried forward

 

308,981

 

442,384

 

551,813

Accruals and others

 

67,952

 

84,261

 

23,606

Less: valuation allowance

 

(376,933)

 

(526,645)

 

(575,419)

Net deferred tax assets

 

 

 

Schedule of movement of valuation allowance

    

Year ended

December 31,

2021

    

2022

    

2023

RMB

RMB

RMB

Balance at the beginning of the year

 

159,820

 

376,933

 

526,645

Additions

 

217,113

 

149,712

 

49,008

Loss utilized

 

 

 

(234)

Balance at the end of the year

 

376,933

 

526,645

 

575,419