10. Income Taxes

The income tax provision (benefit) consists of the following for the years ended October 31, (in thousands):


	2016		2015		2014

Current:
Federal	$	17,244	$	10,150	$	7,379
State		2,040		1,650		939
Foreign		982		1,110		842
Total current		20,266		12,910		9,160

Deferred:
Federal		1,863		3,314		(10,392)
State		533		98		(2,870)
Foreign		(793)		(229)		186
Total deferred		1,603		3,183		(13,076)
Total income tax provision (benefit)	$	21,869	$	16,093	$	(3,916)

At October 31, 2016 and 2015, gross deferred tax assets totaled approximately $33.9 million and $36.1 million, while gross deferred tax liabilities totaled approximately $18.9 million and $17.0 million. Deferred income taxes reflect the net of temporary differences between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities for financial reporting and income tax purposes.

Significant components of our deferred taxes assets (liabilities) as of October 31, are as follows (in thousands):


	2016		2015


Property, plant, and equipment		(6,901)		(6,877)
Intangible assets		27,686		31,432
Unrealized gain, Limoneira investment		(4,048)		(1,553)
Investment in FreshRealm		(6,902)		(7,024)
Stock-based compensation		952		556
State taxes		(931)		(1,358)
Credits and incentives		2,070		2,044
Allowance for accounts receivable		875		662
Inventories		395		495
Accrued liabilities		1,912		885
Other		(164)		(219)
Long-term deferred income taxes	$	14,944	$	19,043

A reconciliation of the significant differences between the federal statutory income tax rate and the effective income tax rate on pretax income for the years ended October 31, is as follows:


	2016		2015		2014

Federal statutory tax rate	35.0	%	35.0	%	35.0	%
State taxes, net of federal effects	2.9		3.0		22.3
Foreign income taxes greater than U.S.	0.7		0.7		5.8
Section 199 deduction	(1.7)		(0.8)		15.8
Tax Credits	—		—		15.2
Other	(0.6)		(0.7)		0.7
	36.3	%	37.2	%	94.8	%

We intend to reinvest our accumulated foreign earnings, which approximated $15.5 million at October 31, 2016, indefinitely. As a result, we have not provided any deferred income taxes on such unremitted earnings.

For fiscal years 2016, 2015 and 2014, income (loss) before income taxes related to domestic operations was approximately $61.0 million, $41.5 million, and $(0.6) million. For fiscal years 2016, 2015 and 2014, income (loss) before income taxes related to foreign operations was approximately $(0.6) million, $1.8 million and $3.6 million.

As of October 31, 2016, we had liability of $0.4 million for unrecognized tax benefits related to various foreign income tax matters. As of October 31, 2015, we did not have a liability for unrecognized tax benefits related to various federal and state income tax matters.

In fiscal 2014, the benefit for income taxes of $3.9 million is attributable to the revaluation adjustment of $88.1 million related to contingent consideration which was spread between fiscal year 2014 through fiscal year 2011. The revalued contingent consideration and non-cash compensation expense resulted in $53.6 million additional GAAP expense recorded in fiscal years 2014. In fiscal 2014, the revaluation expense drove pre-tax book income into a loss position, thus causing a benefit for income taxes as this revaluation adjustment is capitalized and amortized as goodwill over the remaining useful life for income tax purposes resulting in a taxable income position for the current year.

We are subject to U.S. federal income tax as well as income of multiple state tax jurisdictions. We are no longer subject to U.S. income tax examinations for the fiscal years prior to October 31, 2013, and are no longer subject to state income tax examinations for fiscal years prior to October 31, 2012.