10. Income Taxes

The income tax provision consists of the following for the years ended October 31, (in thousands):


	2017		2016		2015

Current:
Federal	$	14,875	$	17,244	$	10,150
State		2,561		2,040		1,650
Foreign		290		982		1,110
Total current		17,726		20,266		12,910

Deferred:
Federal		2,567		1,863		3,314
State		335		533		98
Foreign		(178)		(793)		(229)
Total deferred		2,724		1,603		3,183
Total income tax provision	$	20,450	$	21,869	$	16,093

At October 31, 2017 and 2016, gross deferred tax assets totaled approximately $31.9 million and $33.9 million, while gross deferred tax liabilities totaled approximately $22.1 million and $18.9 million. Deferred income taxes reflect the net of temporary differences between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities for financial reporting and income tax purposes.

Significant components of our deferred taxes assets (liabilities) as of October 31, are as follows (in thousands):


	2017		2016

Property, plant, and equipment		(7,861)		(6,901)
Intangible assets		24,647		27,686
Unrealized gain, Limoneira investment		(6,485)		(4,048)
Investment in FreshRealm		(6,808)		(6,902)
Stock-based compensation		1,154		952
State taxes		(805)		(931)
Credits and incentives		2,253		2,070
Allowance for accounts receivable		1,239		875
Inventories		322		395
Accrued liabilities		2,245		1,912
Other		(118)		(164)
Long-term deferred income taxes	$	9,783	$	14,944

A reconciliation of the significant differences between the federal statutory income tax rate and the effective income tax rate on pretax income for the years ended October 31, is as follows:


	2017		2016		2015

Federal statutory tax rate	35.0	%	35.0	%	35.0	%
State taxes, net of federal effects	2.9		2.9		3.0
Foreign income taxes greater than U.S.	0.1		0.7		0.7
Section 199 deduction	(2.2)		(1.7)		(0.8)
State rate change	0.3		—		—
Other	(0.7)		(0.6)		(0.7)
	35.4	%	36.3	%	37.2	%

We intend to reinvest our accumulated foreign earnings, which approximated $15.6 million at October 31, 2017, indefinitely. As a result, we have not provided any deferred income taxes on such unremitted earnings.

For fiscal years 2017, 2016 and 2015, income before income taxes related to domestic operations was approximately $57.5 million, $61.0 million, and $41.5 million. For fiscal years 2017, 2016 and 2015, income (loss) before income taxes related to foreign operations was approximately $0.2 million, $(0.6) million and $1.8 million.

As of October 31, 2017 and 2016, we had liability of $0.7 million and $0.4 million for unrecognized tax benefits related to various foreign income tax matters.

We are subject to U.S. federal income tax as well as income of multiple state tax and foreign tax jurisdictions. We are no longer subject to U.S. income tax examinations for the fiscal years prior to October 31, 2014, and are no longer subject to state income tax examinations for fiscal years prior to October 31, 2013.

Any change in the U.S. tax law has the potential to materially impact our consolidated financial statements.